(Ebola Virus Disease)

103-8-30

*

(EVD)90%24*

(Genus Ebolavirus)(Filoviridae) BundibugyoZaireSudanRestonTa ForestRestonTa Forest

*

Pteropodidae(fruit bats)

*From: CDC (http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/)http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/global_ebolaoutbreakrisk_20140818-1.png

From: Ebola and Marburg virus disease epidemics: preparedness, alert, control, and evaluation. (WHO,June 2014)*

Human-to-human transmission of Ebola Virus()##urine, saliva, feces, vomit, sweat, semen, etc.*

Ebola can only be spread to others after symptoms begin. Symptoms may appear from 2 to 21 days after exposure, although 8-10 days is most common.*Bwaka et al. J Infect Dis 1999;179:Suppl 1:S1-S7.

(1)1976

19793465%199419952000315(81% )425(53%)197619962004*

1976Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo - DRC)Ebola virus318280 (88%)Occurred in Yambuku and surrounding area. Disease was spread by close personal contact and by use of contaminated needles and syringes in hospitals/clinics. This outbreak was the first recognition of the disease.1976Sudan (South Sudan)Sudan virus284151 (53%)Occurred in Nzara, Maridi and the surrounding area. Disease was spread mainly through close personal contact within hospitals. Many medical care personnel were infected.

Year(s)CountryEbola subtypeReported number of human casesReported number (%) of deaths among casesSituation

(2)198919901992CynomolgusReston virus542008Reston 1994Ta Forest virus2007Bundibugyo virus149(25%)

*

Chronology of previous Ebola virus disease outbreaks*http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/

YearCountryEbolavirus speciesCasesDeathsCase fatality2012Democratic Republic of CongoBundibugyo572951%2012UgandaSudan7457%2012UgandaSudan241771%2011UgandaSudan11100%2008Democratic Republic of CongoZaire321444%2007UgandaBundibugyo1493725%2007Democratic Republic of CongoZaire26418771%2005CongoZaire121083%2004SudanSudan17741%2003 (Nov-Dec)CongoZaire352983%2003 (Jan-Apr)CongoZaire14312890%2001-2002CongoZaire594475%2001-2002GabonZaire655382%2000UgandaSudan42522453%1996South Africa (ex-Gabon)Zaire11100%1996 (Jul-Dec)GabonZaire604575%1996 (Jan-Apr)GabonZaire312168%1995Democratic Republic of CongoZaire31525481%1994Cote d'IvoireTa Forest100%1994GabonZaire523160%1979SudanSudan342265%1977Democratic Republic of CongoZaire11100%1976SudanSudan28415153%1976Democratic Republic of CongoZaire31828088%

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Distribution Maphttp://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/resources/distribution-map.htmlEbolavirus Outbreaks by species and size, 1976-2014Nigeria

Emergence of Zaire Ebola Virus Diseasein Guinea Preliminary ReportAccording to the current state of the epidemiologic investigation, the suspected first case of the outbreak was a 2-year-old child who died in Meliandou in Gueckedou prefecture on December 6, 2013.

*Baize S, et al. NEJM, April 16, 2014. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1404505

*http://healthmap.org/ebola/Updated: 2014/08/18

updated 8/26(%)64843066%1,37869450%1,02642241%17635%3,0691,55251%

http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/situation-reports/29-august-2014.pdf?ua=1Updated: 2014/08/18*Week 48/2013-Week 34/2014 (18 August/2014)n=2,473 ECDC2014/8/4

Challenges in Dealing with EVDAmong affected countries :the health systems are fragile with significant deficits in human, financial and material resources, resulting in compromised ability to mount an adequate Ebola outbreak control response;inexperience in dealing with Ebola outbreaks; misperceptions of the disease, including how the disease is transmitted, are common and continue to be a major challenge in some communities;high mobility of populations and several instances of cross-border movement of travellers with infection;several generations of transmission have occurred in the three capital cities of Conakry (Guinea); Monrovia (Liberia); and Freetown (Sierra Leone); anda high number of infections have been identified among health-care workers, highlighting inadequate infection control practices in many facilities.

*

WHO(1) WHO EISUpdated: 2014/08/08*WHO 8/6-78/82014(PHEIC)

WHO(2) WHO EISUpdated: 2014/08/08*(1)(PPE)()(quarantine)

WHO(3) WHO EISUpdated: 2014/08/08*(2)48()21

WHO(4) WHO EISUpdated: 2014/08/08*//24

WHO(5) WHO EISUpdated: 2014/08/08*EVD()

*http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/manual_EVD/en/

Ebola and Marburg virus disease epidemics: preparedness, alert, control, and evaluationWHO. June 2014. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/manual_EVD/en/*

Strategy for the prevention and control of Ebola or Marburg epidemics WHO. June 2014. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/manual_EVD/en/*

Ebola and Marburg outbreaks: Preparedness, alert, control and evaluation WHO. June 2014. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/manual_EVD/en/*

*

-4-(R0=2.7)-40400--55%--()---

/3(Warning)(Alert)(Ebola Virus Disease)Q&A*http://www.cdc.gov.tw/professional/ThemaNet.aspx?treeid=beac9c103df952c4&nowtreeid=95839FDF8731C586&did=687

http://www.cdc.gov.tw/uploads/files/5cfdb879-43cd-4c1f-b8d5-cbaaea6d8c07.pdf:/

*(Watch) (Alert)(Warning)

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*http://www.cdc.gov.tw/professional/ThemaNet.aspx?treeid=beac9c103df952c4&nowtreeid=95839FDF8731C586&did=687

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()72-8oC(A)(30)2.8.32.8.43.35-10 mLBSL-42A3(30)(30)() 3 mL(30)(30)(14-40)(30)

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*

-20148

*Thanks for your attention!!

*Heinz Feldmann. NEJM May 22, 2014. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1405314

*MAGGIE SMITH, NG STAFF; JOEY FENING; JAMIE HAWK. SOURCE: WHOHTTP://NEWS.NATIONALGEOGRAPHIC.COM/NEWS/2014/08/140820-EBOLA-VIRUS-LIBERIA-MONROVIA-HEALTH-AFRICA/

***Suspected, probable, and confirmed cases and deaths as of August 18, 2014MAGGIE SMITH, NG STAFF; JOEY FENING; JAMIE HAWK. SOURCE: WHOHTTP://NEWS.NATIONALGEOGRAPHIC.COM/NEWS/2014/08/140820-EBOLA-VIRUS-LIBERIA-MONROVIA-HEALTH-AFRICA/Updated: 2014/08/18

(%)57939668%97257659%90737441%15427%2,4731,35055%

*****

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***7/7

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*725132,064183600

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