英 国 文 学English Literature (Late 20th and 21st Century)

主讲教师：田祥斌Mobile: 13972603385

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Lecture XLecture X

English Literature in the Late 20th and

21st Century

Winners of Nobel Prize of Literature in UKWinners of Nobel Prize of Literature in UK U.K. U.K. （包括英联邦王国）（包括英联邦王国） --1907 --1907 吉卜林（吉卜林（ Rudyard KiplingRudyard Kipling，， 18651865～～ 19361936 ）） --1923--1923 叶芝（叶芝（ William Butler YeatsWilliam Butler Yeats，， 18651865～～ 19391939 ）） Irish poet and dramatistIrish poet and dramatist --1925--1925 萧伯纳（萧伯纳（ George Bernard ShawGeorge Bernard Shaw，， 18561856～～

19501950 ）） Irish dramatistIrish dramatist --1932--1932 高尔斯华绥（高尔斯华绥（ John GalsworthyJohn Galsworthy，， 18671867～～ 193193

33 ）） --1948,T.S.--1948,T.S. 艾略特（艾略特（ T.S.EliotT.S.Eliot，， 18881888～～ 19651965）） poet, poet, dramatistdramatist --1950,--1950, 罗素（罗素（ Bertrand RussellBertrand Russell，， 18721872～～ 19701970 ）） philosopherphilosopher --1953,--1953, 丘吉尔（丘吉尔（ Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill，， 18741874～～ 19651965 ）） biographerbiographer

--1973, --1973, 怀特（怀特（ Patrick WhitePatrick White，， 19121912～～ 19901990）） Australian Australian novelist and dramatistnovelist and dramatist （英联邦王国）（英联邦王国） --1981,--1981, 卡内蒂（卡内蒂（ Elias CanettiElias Canetti，， 19051905～～ 19941994）） in in

GermanGerman --1983,--1983, 戈尔丁（戈尔丁（ William GoldingWilliam Golding，， 19111911～～ 19941994 ）） ----2001,2001, 奈保尔（奈保尔（ V. S. NaipaulV. S. Naipaul，， 19321932 ～）～） --2005,--2005, 哈罗德哈罗德 ·· 品特（品特（ Harold PinterHarold Pinter，， 1930~20081930~2008 ），）， dramatistdramatist --2007,--2007, 莱辛（莱辛（ Doris LessingDoris Lessing，， 1919— 1919— ），）， female female novelistnovelist 英联邦英联邦：： --1991,--1991, 戈迪默（戈迪默（ Nadine GordimerNadine Gordimer，， 19231923 ～）～） South South

African female novelistAfrican female novelist --2003,--2003, 库切（库切（ J. M. CoetzeeJ. M. Coetzee，， 19401940 ～）～） South African South African

novelistnovelist --2013,--2013, 爱丽丝爱丽丝 ·· 门罗门罗 (Alice Munro， 1931 ～～ ) ) Canadian

short-story writer

I. From the Beginning of 20I. From the Beginning of 20thth century century to 1945to 1945

NovelistsNovelists Joseph Conrad Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)(1857-1924) Rudyard KiplingRudyard Kipling (1865-1936): Imperial spirit (1865-1936): Imperial spirit H. G. WellsH. G. Wells (1866-1946): Science Fiction writer (1866-1946): Science Fiction writer

E.M. ForsterE.M. Forster (1879-1970) (1879-1970)

Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)

--He was well established in the literary --He was well established in the literary world as one of the leading world as one of the leading ModernistsModernists..

--One of his guiding beliefs--One of his guiding beliefs was that a man was that a man must always be faithful to his friends, his must always be faithful to his friends, his fellows and his employers. If there is no fellows and his employers. If there is no faithfulness between man and man, ruin is faithfulness between man and man, ruin is certain to follow.certain to follow.

Conrad’s literary achievements Conrad’s literary achievements and major worksand major works

--He wrote 13 novels and some novellas and --He wrote 13 novels and some novellas and short storiesshort stories

--The Nigger of the Narcissus--The Nigger of the Narcissus (1897): It was (1897): It was his first novel of importance.his first novel of importance.

--Lord Jim--Lord Jim (1900): It is one of his greatest (1900): It is one of his greatest novels.novels.

--Heart of Darkness --Heart of Darkness (1902): one of the best (1902): one of the best novels of the 20novels of the 20thth-century.-century.

D: His Contributions D: His Contributions --He bridged the gap between the great Victorian --He bridged the gap between the great Victorian

writers and the modern writers through his pursuit writers and the modern writers through his pursuit of the perfection of style and innovation of the of the perfection of style and innovation of the narrative forms, psychological examination of the narrative forms, psychological examination of the human nature and the symbolic use of the human nature and the symbolic use of the impressionism.impressionism.

----Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness provides a bridge between Victorian provides a bridge between Victorian values and the ideals of modernism.values and the ideals of modernism.

---- Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness is a narrative about the difficulty of is a narrative about the difficulty of understanding the world beyond the self, about the ability understanding the world beyond the self, about the ability of one man to judge another.of one man to judge another.

-- the novella’s central theme of hypocrisy and absurdity.-- the novella’s central theme of hypocrisy and absurdity.

Rudyard Kipling(1865-1936Rudyard Kipling(1865-1936))拉迪亚德拉迪亚德 ·· 吉卜林吉卜林

--Advocator of the Imperial Spirit--Advocator of the Imperial Spirit A. His life and his achievementsA. His life and his achievements --Kipling was born in Bombay, India .--Kipling was born in Bombay, India . --He returned to England in 1902, settling at --He returned to England in 1902, settling at

Bateman’s, a 17Bateman’s, a 17thth century house in Sussex. century house in Sussex. --In 1907, he became the first Englishman to win --In 1907, he became the first Englishman to win

the the Nobel Prize for LiteratureNobel Prize for Literature.. -His most popular works remain -His most popular works remain The Jungle BookThe Jungle Book

which was written for children and the novel which was written for children and the novel KimKim . .

The Jungle BookThe Jungle Book (1894,1895) (1894,1895)

GenreGenre: Novel: Novel CategoryCategory: Animal fable: Animal fable Time:Time: 19 19thth-century -century Place:Place: India India First edition:First edition: 1894-5 1894-5 Major Characters:Major Characters: Mowgli: Indian boyMowgli: Indian boy Father wolfFather wolf Mother wolfMother wolf

C. His Imperialist Ideology C. His Imperialist Ideology

1. He put the blame on the natives 1. He put the blame on the natives themselves. themselves.

2. “the White Man’s Burden” 2. “the White Man’s Burden” 3. to bring civilization to the natives 3. to bring civilization to the natives 4. Englishmen’s prejudice4. Englishmen’s prejudice

H. G. Wells (1866-1946)H. G. Wells (1866-1946)

Herbert G. WellsHerbert G. Wells (1866--1946) (1866--1946) ＨＨ ..ＧＧ .. 威尔斯 威尔斯 --Modernist--Modernist

A. His main worksThe Time Machine (1895) 《时间机器》The Island of Dr Moreau (1896)《莫洛博士岛》The Invisible Man (1897) 《隐形人》The War of the Worlds (1898) 《世界之战》 When the Sleeper Wakes (1899) 《当睡眠者醒来的时候》

H. G. WellsH. G. Wells

The Shapes of Things to Come (1933) 《未来事物的面貌》 Ann Veronica (1909) 《安 .维罗尼卡》 Kipps (1905) 《基普斯》

H. G. WellsH. G. Wells

H. G. WellsH. G. Wells

H. G. WellsH. G. Wells

H. G. Wells: H. G. Wells: Flying to FutureFlying to Future

In the year 802701, a society divided into two classes: Morlocks and Eloi .

H. G. Wells: H. G. Wells: His contributionsHis contributions

1) His Time Machine pioneered the English science fiction.

2) He inherited the English realistic tradition, but combined it with the scientific fantasies. In a sense he bridged the gap in the transformation from realism to modernism.

H. G. Wells: H. G. Wells: His science fiction His science fiction

1) the danger to man 2) limits of the human body and the qualities of

machines 3) explore the world of space On the whole, he was interested in the possibilities

for good rather than in the disadvantages. The details of science fiction stories change and

develop as scientific advances are made, but many of the themes remain the same.

E. M. Forster E. M. Forster (1879-1970)(1879-1970) 福斯特福斯特

E. M. ForsterE. M. Forster

-- a member of “Bloomsbury Group”-- a member of “Bloomsbury Group” Two classics have been given by him: Two classics have been given by him: ----Howards EndHowards End 《《霍华兹别墅霍华兹别墅》《》《霍华德别霍华德别业业》》

----A Passage to IndiaA Passage to India 《《印度之行印度之行》》 theory of novel-writingtheory of novel-writing -- -- Aspects of the Novel Aspects of the Novel 《《小说面面观小说面面观》》 He is generally considered one of the major He is generally considered one of the major

British novelists of 20British novelists of 20thth century. century.

II. British Fiction from 1945 to the II. British Fiction from 1945 to the 1960s1960s

1. George Orwell (1903-1950)

2. Graham Greene (1904-1991) Graham Greene (1904-1991)

3. William Golding (1911-1993) 3. William Golding (1911-1993)

4. Doris Lessing (1919-)4. Doris Lessing (1919-)

5. Iris Murdoch (1919-1999)5. Iris Murdoch (1919-1999)

6. Kingsley Amis (1922-1995) 6. Kingsley Amis (1922-1995)

George OrwellGeorge Orwell (1903-1950) (1903-1950)

Orwell is certainly the most important Orwell is certainly the most important political writer of the post-war years political writer of the post-war years because much of his best writing is because much of his best writing is political. political.

His literary achievements and his His literary achievements and his major worksmajor works

--Orwell was a novelist and an essayist. He --Orwell was a novelist and an essayist. He wrote 6 novels all together.wrote 6 novels all together.

--The most important novels are his--The most important novels are hisAnimal FarmAnimal Farm (1945)(1945)Nineteen Eighty-fourNineteen Eighty-four (1949)(1949)

Animal FarmAnimal Farm (1945) (1945)

Orwell’s most popular book, is a Orwell’s most popular book, is a political fablepolitical fable which criticizes Stalin and the Russian which criticizes Stalin and the Russian government in the 1930’s.government in the 1930’s.

GenreGenre: Novel: Novel Author: Author: George OrwellGeorge Orwell CategoryCategory: Political allegory (fable): Political allegory (fable) Place:Place: England England First edition:First edition: 1945 1945 Major Characters:Major Characters: Napoleon: Napoleon: a piga pig, , the symbol of Stalinthe symbol of Stalin SnowballSnowball: a pig, the symbol of Lenin: a pig, the symbol of Lenin

One Pig, the Major’s speechOne Pig, the Major’s speech

"Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of "Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the meaning of No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old. No happiness or leisure after he is a year old. No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth. misery and slavery: that is the plain truth.

"Man is the only creature that consumes "Man is the only creature that consumes without producingwithout producing. He does not give milk, . He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run fast enough to the plough, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the animals. animals.

““all animals are equal but some animals all animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others.”are more equal than others.”

Pigs are considered more intelligent than Pigs are considered more intelligent than the rest animals.the rest animals.

THE SEVEN COMMANDMENTS THE SEVEN COMMANDMENTS 1. Whatever goes upon two 1. Whatever goes upon two

legs is an enemy. legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four2. Whatever goes upon four

legs, or has wings, is a friend. legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 7. All animals are equal. 7. All animals are equal.

Chapter 10: Chapter 10: It was a pig walking on his hind legs. It was a pig walking on his hind legs.

Yes, it was Squealer. A little Yes, it was Squealer. A little awkwardly, as though not awkwardly, as though not quite used to supporting hisquite used to supporting his considerable bulk in thatconsiderable bulk in that position, but with perfectposition, but with perfect balance, he was strolling balance, he was strolling across the yard. across the yard.

Graham GreeneGraham Greene (1904-1991) (1904-1991)格雷厄姆格雷厄姆 ·· 格林格林

Graham Greene:Graham Greene: literary achievementsliterary achievements

1. He wrote 27 novels, numerous 1. He wrote 27 novels, numerous “entertainments”, plays, short stories, “entertainments”, plays, short stories, essays, children’s books, travel books, essays, children’s books, travel books, important film scripts, and verses.important film scripts, and verses.

2. versatile novelist: spy novel and the 2. versatile novelist: spy novel and the thriller, the religious romance, detective thriller, the religious romance, detective stories, the novel noir, the political novel stories, the novel noir, the political novel and the social comedy. and the social comedy.

Graham GreeneGraham Greene

- two groups of novels: - two groups of novels: serious novels and entertainments (light)serious novels and entertainments (light)Almost all of Greene’s books have been Almost all of Greene’s books have been

turned into films because he writes vividly turned into films because he writes vividly with carefully chosen details of things that with carefully chosen details of things that can be seen with the eye, and very can be seen with the eye, and very interesting characters.interesting characters.

Graham GreeneGraham Greene

His serious novelsHis serious novelsThe Power and the GloryThe Power and the Glory (1940(1940)) 《《权利与荣耀权利与荣耀》》 The Heart of the MatterThe Heart of the Matter (1948) (1948) 《《问题的核心问题的核心》》It was considered to be his best novel. It It was considered to be his best novel. It

questioned the conventional notion of good questioned the conventional notion of good and evil and explored the psychological and evil and explored the psychological interpretation of the nature of human beings. interpretation of the nature of human beings. Its hero, Scobie, is a police officer.Its hero, Scobie, is a police officer.

William Golding (1911-1993)William Golding (1911-1993)

1. His Life and 1. His Life and CareerCareer– The Booker Prize Best The Booker Prize Best

Novel winner (1980) : Novel winner (1980) : Rites of PassageRites of Passage

– Won the Nobel Prize Won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1983 for literature in 1983 ((Lifetime Lifetime Achievement winner)Achievement winner)

William GoldingWilliam Golding

2. Major works2. Major works– Lord of the Flies Lord of the Flies

(1954)(1954)– The InheritorsThe Inheritors (1955) (1955)

《《继承人继承人》》 >>

– Pincher MartinPincher Martin (1956) (1956) – Free FallFree Fall (1959 (1959)) 《《自自

由堕落由堕落》》– The SpireThe Spire (1964 (1964)) 《《塔塔尖尖》》

– Darkness VisibleDarkness Visible (1979(1979)) 《《看得见的黑看得见的黑暗暗》》

– The Rites of PassageThe Rites of Passage (1980) (1980) 《《航行仪式航行仪式》》

William GoldingWilliam Golding

-The Paper Men-The Paper Men (1984) (1984)-The Double Tongue-The Double Tongue (1995) (1995)

William Golding: William Golding: ViewpointsViewpoints

– Holding a strong pessimistic view towards Holding a strong pessimistic view towards

human nature. human nature.

– Man was born evil.Man was born evil.

– Regarding man as inherently savage and Regarding man as inherently savage and

violent.violent.

– Thinking civilization is easily broken and it is Thinking civilization is easily broken and it is

temporary.temporary.

William GoldingWilliam Golding

– Institutions and order imposed from outsideInstitutions and order imposed from outside ; ;

moral behavior is often merely a forced moral behavior is often merely a forced

imposition of civilization, rather than a natural imposition of civilization, rather than a natural

expression of human individuality.expression of human individuality.

– Evil is a destructive force in man.Evil is a destructive force in man.

– Man is prone to evil. Man is prone to evil. 人容易变邪恶人容易变邪恶– As a religious writer, he emphasizes original As a religious writer, he emphasizes original

Sin in the Puritan tradition. Sin in the Puritan tradition.

– He is concerned with man's sin and guiltHe is concerned with man's sin and guilt

Lord of the Lord of the

FliesFlies

Lord of the FliesLord of the FliesMajor CharactersMajor CharactersRalphRalphPiggy Piggy Jack Jack SimonSimonRogerRoger

Doris Lessing (1919-) Doris Lessing (1919-) 多丽丝多丽丝 ·· 莱辛莱辛

Doris LessingDoris Lessing

Doris LessingDoris Lessing -She was shortlisted for the Booker Prize three -She was shortlisted for the Booker Prize three

times. times. - the - the nominees for the Nobel Prize for Literature nominees for the Nobel Prize for Literature

three timesthree times -In 2007 she -In 2007 she was was awarded Nobel Prize for awarded Nobel Prize for

Literature, Literature, at her age 87.at her age 87. - one of the most important post-war writers in - one of the most important post-war writers in

EnglishEnglish -Her politics of gender lead to her adoption by the -Her politics of gender lead to her adoption by the

feminist movement.feminist movement.

Lessing’s literary achievements Lessing’s literary achievements

-35 novels (12 of 3 series, 23 novels, until -35 novels (12 of 3 series, 23 novels, until 2013-3) 2013-3) -17 collections of short novels -17 collections of short novels -9 collections of non-fiction -9 collections of non-fiction -16 short stories-16 short stories-Plays-Plays-She is still writing: novellas-She is still writing: novellas

The CleftThe Cleft -Doris Lessing-Doris Lessing

Cleft :Cleft :

two main plots:two main plots:

a. a myth about human being’s a. a myth about human being’s

origin;origin;

b. a Roman senator’s life and his b. a Roman senator’s life and his

comments on it and on Rome.comments on it and on Rome.

The Cleft (2007)Alfred and Emily (2008)Adore (2013) -A Novella

Iris Murdoch (1919-1999) Iris Murdoch (1919-1999) 艾丽斯艾丽斯 ·· 默多克默多克

Cool Intelligence and Warm FeelingsCool Intelligence and Warm Feelings

Iris Murdoch: literary Iris Murdoch: literary achievements achievements

She was the author of 26 novels. She was the author of 26 novels. --She has been shortlisted for --She has been shortlisted for the Booker Prize six timesthe Booker Prize six times and won the Prize in 1978and won the Prize in 1978 for for The Sea, the SeaThe Sea, the Sea..

The Sea, the SeaThe Sea, the Sea (1978) (1978) Theme: It dealt with the ambiguities of lifeTheme: It dealt with the ambiguities of life The Green KnightThe Green Knight (1993)(1993) It was a story of two brothers. It was filled with It was a story of two brothers. It was filled with

symbolism and humor and suspense.symbolism and humor and suspense. Jackson’s DilemmaJackson’s Dilemma (1995)(1995) On the eve of their wedding, Edward Lannion

and Marian Berran were led away onto dark and strange paths. Then a mysterious note from Marian is discovered and she disappears.

Kingsley Amis (1922-1995) Kingsley Amis (1922-1995) 金斯利金斯利 ·· 艾米斯艾米斯 (The Angry Young Men )(The Angry Young Men )

Kingsley Amis: literary position Kingsley Amis: literary position

--After the war, he had been a lecturer in English --After the war, he had been a lecturer in English first in Swansea (12 years) and later at Cambridge first in Swansea (12 years) and later at Cambridge from 1946 to 1963. from 1946 to 1963.

--He was knighted in 1990 and died in London in --He was knighted in 1990 and died in London in 1995. 1995.

--Amis was one of the first of a group of lower --Amis was one of the first of a group of lower class authors known as the “Angry Young Men”. class authors known as the “Angry Young Men”.

--He married twice and one of his sons was the --He married twice and one of his sons was the writer Martin Amis.writer Martin Amis.

Kingsley Amis: Kingsley Amis: literary achievements literary achievements -- 30 novels, 9 collections of short stories and -- 30 novels, 9 collections of short stories and

poems poems --the spy thriller, the ghost story, the crime --the spy thriller, the ghost story, the crime

mystery and science fiction mystery and science fiction --The novels of Kingsley Amis have greater --The novels of Kingsley Amis have greater

comedy and less moral concern. comedy and less moral concern. -- He got the Booker Prize in 1986.-- He got the Booker Prize in 1986. Representative:Representative: Lucky Jim Lucky Jim (1954) (1954)

III. From the 1970s to the presentIII. From the 1970s to the present

3.1 3.1 Postmodern fictionPostmodern fiction

John Fowles (1926-2005): fusion of story and John Fowles (1926-2005): fusion of story and

experimentation)experimentation)

3.2 Campus fiction3.2 Campus fictionDavid LodgeDavid Lodge (1935-): theory and creation (1935-): theory and creation

3. 3 Feminist fiction3. 3 Feminist fiction Angela Carter Angela Carter (1940-1993)(1940-1993) A.S. Byatt (1936-), Booker Prize Winner.A.S. Byatt (1936-), Booker Prize Winner. Magaret Drabble (1939-) Magaret Drabble (1939-)

Doris Lessing Doris Lessing (1919-): social realism and (1919-): social realism and feminism, Nobel Prize for Literaturefeminism, Nobel Prize for Literature Winner in 2007Winner in 2007..

3.4 New style novelists (New Star)3.4 New style novelists (New Star) Martin Amis Martin Amis (1949-)(1949-) Graham Swift (1949-)Graham Swift (1949-)3.5 Post colonial fiction3.5 Post colonial fiction Salman Rushdie Salman Rushdie (1947-) (1947-) V.S. Naipaul (1932-) V.S. Naipaul (1932-)

John FowlesJohn Fowles (1926-2005) (1926-2005)

约翰约翰 ·· 福尔斯福尔斯

John FowlesJohn Fowles

C.C. The French Lieutenant’s Woman The French Lieutenant’s Woman•It is considered to be his masterpiece. It resembled a Victorian novel in structure and detail, while pushing the traditional boundaries of narrative in a very modern manner. It has been made into a well-received film.

The French Lieutenant’s WomanThe French Lieutenant’s Woman

David Lodge: (1935--) 戴维 ·洛奇

campus-writer; comic novelist

David Lodge

--1964-5: a visiting Professor at the University of California, Berkeley

--1976: professor of modern English literature at Birmingham

--1984,1989   Booker Prize for Fiction (shortlists twice)   Small World, Nice Work

--1987 : he retired to concentrate on writing --Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature --Chairman of the Judges for the Booker Prize for

Fiction in 1989 --David Lodge lives in Birmingham

David Lodge: His Novels

The Picturegoers   1960 Ginger, You're Barmy   1962 The British Museum is Falling Down  1965 Out of the Shelter   (revised edition 1985) 1970 *Changing Places 1975 How Far Can You Go? 1980 Souls and Bodies 1981 *Small World   1984 *Nice Work   1988

David Lodge: His Novels

Paradise News 1991 Therapy  1995 Home Truths 1999 *Thinks ...   2001 Author, Author: A Novel   2004 Deaf Sentence 2008 A Man of Parts 2011

David Lodge: literary theories

- Working with Structuralism: Essays and Reviews in 19th and 20th Century Literature ， 1981

- After Bakhtin: Essays on Fiction and Criticism， 1990

- The Art of Fiction ： Illustrated from Classic and Modern Texts， 1992

- The Practice of Writing， 1996 - Consciousness and the Novel ， 2002

David Lodge: Textbooks edited

--20th-Century Literary Criticism: A Reader   (editor) Longman, 1972

--Modern Criticism and Theory: A Reader  (editor， 2nd edition 1999) Longman, 1988

Changing Places ： A Tale of Two Campuses (1975) It is Lodge's first book in a trilogy of campus

novels. An academic novel with a strong post-modernist flavor, inspired by his experience teaching at Berkeley, it centers on two academics: Philip Swallow, a humble lecturer in English at the University of Rummidge, and his exchange counterpart, the highflying American academic Morris Zapp from the State University of Euphoria (California). They two exchange jobs; politics, lifestyles, then wives, and to some extent personalities, and each is both changed by the exchange and an agent of change.

Small World: An Academic Romance (1984)

It is the second book in the trilogy which develops Zapp and Swallow's story. Lodge used the theories of critics such as Roman Jakobson and Jacques Derrida in Changing Places and Small World.

A Man of Parts (2011)

Herbert George Wells believes that 'The mind is a time machine that travels backwards in memory and forwards in prophecy, but he has done with prophecy now...' in 1944. Has it been a success ora failure? Once he was the most famous writer in the world, 'the man who invented tomorrow'; now he feels like yesterday's man, deserted by readers and depressed by the collapse of his utopian dreams.

Angela Carter (1940-1992)

British novelist, short-story writer, and critic

Angela Carter

- - Angela Carter is one of the few Angela Carter is one of the few contemporary British female writers. contemporary British female writers.

- She was called fairy godmother of magic She was called fairy godmother of magic realism.realism.

Her Representative: Her Representative: --Nights at the CircusNights at the Circus (1984) (1984) --Burning Your BoatsBurning Your Boats (1996) (1996)

Other Novels Other Novels Shadow DanceShadow Dance (1965) (1965) The Magic ToyshopThe Magic Toyshop (1967) (1967) Several PerceptionsSeveral Perceptions (1968) (1968) Heroes and VillainsHeroes and Villains (1969) (1969) Miss Z, the Dark Young LadyMiss Z, the Dark Young Lady (1970) (1970) The Donkey Prince The Donkey Prince (1970)(1970) LoveLove (1971) (1971)

Angela Carter

The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor HoffmanHoffman (1972) (1972) The Passion of New EveThe Passion of New Eve (1977) (1977) The Music PeopleThe Music People (1980, with Leslie Carter)(1980, with Leslie Carter) Moonshadow Moonshadow (1982) (1982) Nights at the CircusNights at the Circus (1984) (1984) Wise ChildrenWise Children (1991) (1991) Sea-Cat and Dragon KingSea-Cat and Dragon King (2000) (2000)

Angela Carter

A.S. ByattA.S. Byatt (1936-) A.S. (1936-) A.S. 拜厄特拜厄特

A.S. Byatt:A.S. Byatt: literary achievements

1. Novels Shadow of a Sun (1964) The Game (1967) The Virgin in the Garden (1978, Tetralogy-1) Still Life ( 1985,Tetralogy-2) Possession (1990) Babel Tower ( 1996. Tetralogy-3) The Biographer's Tale (2000) A Whistling Woman (2002,Tetralogy-4)

A Whistling Woman

A.S. ByattA.S. ByattOlive Wellwood is a famous writer, interviewed with her children gathered at her knee. For each, she writes a private book, bound in its own colour and placed on a shelf. the children play in a storybook world - but their lives, and those of their rich cousins and friends, are already inscribed with mystery.

The Children’s Book was published in 2009

A.S. Byatt:A.S. Byatt:

Ragnarok: The End of the Gods (2011) Recently evacuated to the

British countryside and with World War Two raging around her, one young girl is struggling to make sense of her life. She is given a book of ancient Norse legends and her inner and outer worlds are transformed...

--1990   Booker Prize for Fiction   Possession: A Romance --2009 Man Booker Prize Best Novel

nominee: The Children's Book

A.S. Byatt: A.S. Byatt: Prizes and awards

Margaret Drabble (1939-)

Margaret Drabble (1939--):

a world figure --Chairwoman of the National Book League --editior of The Oxford Companion to English Lite

rature. --novelist, biographer and critic

Margaret Drabble: novels She has published 18 novels. The Radiant Way (1987) A Natural Curiosity (1989) The Gates of Ivory (1991) A Summer Birdcage  (1963) The Garrick Year   (1964) The Millstone   (1965) Jerusalem the Golden (1967) The Waterfall   (1969) The Needle's Eye   (1972)

Margaret Drabble: novels The Realms of Gold  (1975) The Ice Age   (1977) The Middle Ground (1980) The Witch of Exmoor (1996) The Peppered Moth  (2001) The Seven Sisters   (2002) The Red Queen   (2004) The Sea Lady (2006) The Pure Gold Baby (2013)

Margaret Drabble: Contributions --feminist movement through her realistic

exploration of the predicament of “new” women trapped in the old snares of male domination

--Her Oxford Companion to English Literature provided one of the most useful and most informative books on English literature and on literature related to English culture.

Martin Amis (1949-)Martin Amis (1949-)

Martin Amis (1949--)--He is one of the leading British writers of

the late 20th century and one of the top dozen or so living contemporary British writers, “star” of the contemporary writers.

Martin Amis: Literary Achievements

1. His novels1. His novels (12-13 novels) (12-13 novels) The Rachel Papers, The Rachel Papers, 19731973 Dead Babies, Dead Babies, 19751975 Success, Success, 19781978 Other People: A Mystery Story, Other People: A Mystery Story, 19811981 Money: A Suicide NoteMoney: A Suicide Note, , 19841984 London FieldsLondon Fields, , 19891989 Time's ArrowTime's Arrow::Or the Nature of the OffenseOr the Nature of the Offense, ,

19911991 The InformationThe Information, , 19951995

Martin Amis: Literary Achievements

Night Train, Night Train, 19971997Yellow DogYellow Dog,, 20032003The Pregnant WidowThe Pregnant Widow (2010) (2010) Lionel Asbo (2012) The Zone of Interest (2014)

Martin Amis: Prizes and awards 1991   Booker Prize for Fiction   (shortlist) 1991   Booker Prize for Fiction   (shortlist) Time's ArrowTime's Arrow 1995 Whitbread Prize: Best Novel nominee1995 Whitbread Prize: Best Novel nominee The InformationThe Information

2003   British Book Awards Literary 2003   British Book Awards Literary Fiction Award (shortlist)Fiction Award (shortlist) Yellow Dog Yellow Dog

Graham Swift (1949- )Graham Swift (1949- )

Graham Swift:Graham Swift:literary achievementsliterary achievements

The Sweet Shop OwnerThe Sweet Shop Owner, 1980 , 1980 ShuttlecockShuttlecock, 1981 , 1981 WaterlandWaterland, 1983 , 1983 Out of this WorldOut of this World, 1988 , 1988 Ever AfterEver After, 1992 , 1992 Last OrdersLast Orders, 1996 (Booker Prize), 1996 (Booker Prize) The Light of DayThe Light of Day, 2003 , 2003 TomorrowTomorrow, 2007, 2007 Wish You Were HereWish You Were Here (2011) (2011)

Wish You Were HereWish You Were Here (2011) (2011)

•Graham SwiftGraham Swift

V.S. Naipaul （ 1932-- ）维·苏·奈保尔

V.S. Naipaul: Literary Position

-1971 Booker Prize for In a Free State -2001 the Nobel Prize for Literature -- He holds honorary doctorates from Cambridge

University, Columbia University in New York, and the universities of London and Oxford. He lives in Wiltshire, England.

V.S. Naipaul: literary achievements

1. His novels The Mystic Masseur , 1957 The Suffrage of Elvira, 1958 Miguel Street, 1959 A House for Mr Biswas, 1961 Mr Stone and the Knights Companion, 1963 A Flag on the Island, 1967 The Mimic Men, 1967 In a Free State, 1971 (Booker Prize)

V.S. Naipaul: literary achievements

Guerrillas, 1975 A Bend in the River, 1979 A Congo Diary, 1980 Finding the Centre, 1984 Enigma of Arrival, 1987 A Way in the World , 1994 Half a Life, 2001 Magic Seeds, 2004

V.S. Naipaul: Prizes and Awards 1958   Mail on Sunday/John Llewellyn Rhys Prize   The

Mystic Masseur 1961   Somerset Maugham Award   Miguel Street 1964   Hawthornden Prize   Mr Stone and the Knights

Companion 1968   WH Smith Literary Award   The Mimic Men 1971   Booker Prize for Fiction   In a Free State 1979 Best Novel nominee A Bend in the River 1989   Knighted 1993   David Cohen British Literature Prize 2001   Nobel Prize for Literature (Lifetime

Achievement winner)

Salman Rushdie (1947--)

-one of the post-imperial novelists, cross-history and culture postmodern writer

Salman Rushdie: life and literary position

--Rushdie was born in Bombay two months before Indian independence.

--He studied history at King’s College, Cambridge.

-- After graduating, he lived with his family who had moved to Pakistan in 1964.

--as actor in London from 1968 to1969 --From 1970 to 1981 he became a freelance

advertising copywriter in London.

Salman Rushdie

--After he became an English citizen, he married a British girl in 1976 (divorced in 1987) and then married the American writer Mariance Wiggins in 1988 (divorced 1990).

--The Man Booker Prize Best Novel winner (1981) : Midnight's Children

-- He is said to combine magical realism with historical fiction.

Salman Rushdie:

literary achievements and major works -- author of eight novels and four works of non-

fiction --He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature --His representative novel: Midnight's Children,

1981 His novels Grimus (1975) Midnight's Children (1981)

Salman Rushdie

Shame (1983) The Satanic Verses (1988) Haroun and the Sea of Stories (1990) The Moor's Last Sigh (1995) The Ground Beneath Her Feet (1999) Fury (2001) Shalimar the Clown (2005) The Enchantress of Florence (2008) Luka and the Fire of Life (2010)

Salman Rushdie

--His fourth novel, The Satanic Verses (1988), was the centre of a major controversy, provoking protests from Muslims in several countries, some violent. --Death threats were made against him.

3.6 Other influential British novelists3.6 Other influential British novelists ----Anita Brookner Anita Brookner (1928-): female, Booker Prize (1928-): female, Booker Prize

Winner in 1984;Winner in 1984; --Ian McEwan--Ian McEwan (1948-): Booker Prize Winner in (1948-): Booker Prize Winner in

1998;1998; --Julian Barnes --Julian Barnes (1946-): Booker Prize Best Novel (1946-): Booker Prize Best Novel

Nominee in 1984,1998, 2005;Nominee in 1984,1998, 2005; ----Jeanette WintersoJeanette Winterson (1959-): female;n (1959-): female; --Howard Jacobson --Howard Jacobson (1942-):(1942-): Booker Prize Booker Prize

Winner in 2010;Winner in 2010; --Hilary Mantel --Hilary Mantel (1952- ): Booker Prize Winner in (1952- ): Booker Prize Winner in

2009;2009; --Tom McCarthy --Tom McCarthy (1969-): The Man Booker Prize (1969-): The Man Booker Prize

Best Novel Nominee in 2010. Best Novel Nominee in 2010.

----Pat Barker Pat Barker (1943 - ) female novelist, The Man (1943 - ) female novelist, The Man Booker Prize Best Novel winner (1995) Booker Prize Best Novel winner (1995) --Penelope Lively --Penelope Lively (1933 - ) The Man Booker (1933 - ) The Man Booker Prize Best Novel winner (1987), female novelist Prize Best Novel winner (1987), female novelist