白武平 编

Enter

Section ASection A

Being Honest and Open

Pre-reading Activities

Structure of the Passage

New Words

Expressions & Patterns

Quiz

Writing

Tips from CET- 4

Questions and Answers

Background

Robert Schuller

Robert Schuller, a Christian minister known worldwide for his church, the Crystal Cathedral (http://www.crystalcathedral.org) made of glass and steel, and the Hour of Power (http://www.hourofpower.org) church service which has been on television every week for over 30 years.

Questions & Answers

1. What must you have in order to be honest?

2. What are the three principles that constitute honesty?

3. What two qualities help make relationships stronger?

The writer learned from his grandparents that you are either honest or you are not; there is no middle ground. Honesty is a moral inside standard inside of you that you use to judge the quality of your behavior. Honesty is in short supply. You must demand it of yourself. In order to be honest, you must have integrity which involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries that cannot be easily changed

Answers

A good test of honesty involves three key principles: first, standing firmly for your convictions when confronted with pressure; second, always giving other people the praise they merit; third, being honest and open about who you are.

Self-respect and a clear conscience help make relationships with others stronger.

Major Writing TechniquesMajor Writing Techniques

Structure AnalysisStructure Analysis

Structure Analysis

Central topic:

Being Honest and Open

Structure Analysis The author started the essay with an introduction, which is an introduction for the major reason he put forward. Then he puts forward the idea of “Integrity Triangle” that consists of three key principles. What we focus on here is how the three principles are presented to the readers. As we have analyzed, the three principles are introduced through the method of principles followed by an example to support each one.

The part of the text we analyzed starts with the principle: Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be more intelligent than you are.

This principle is followed and supported by a detailed example of what Ogilvy & Mather did:David Ogilvy, founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather, clarified this point to his newly appointed office heads by sending each of them a Russian nesting doll with five progressively smaller figures inside.

His message was contained in the smallest doll: “If each of us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy & Mather will become a company of giants.” And that is precisely what O&M became - one of the largest and most respected advertising organisations in the world.

More example

Now have a look at the following and see how the segment is organized.    Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure. There's a story told about a surgical nurse’s assistance during her first day on the med

ical team at a well-known hospital. She was responsible for ensuring that all surgical instruments and materials were accounted for during an operation. The nurse said to the surgeon, “You’ve only removed 11 sponges, and we used 12. We need to find the last one.”   

“I removed them all,” the surgeon assured her. “We’ll close now.”    “You can’t do that, sir,” protested the nurse. “Think of the patient.”    Smiling, the surgeon lifted his foot and showed the nurse the twelfth sponge. “You’ll do just fine in this or any other hospital,” he assured her.    When you know you’re right, you can’t concede.

The principle: Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure.

An example to support the principle:

There's a story told about a surgical nurse’s assistance during her first day on the medical team at a well-known hospital. She was responsible for ensuring that all surgical instruments and materials were accounted for during an operation. The nurse said to the surgeon, “You’ve only removed 11 sponges, and we used 12. We need to find the last one.”

“I removed them all,” the surgeon assured her. “We’ll close now.”    “You can’t do that, sir,” protested the nurse. “Think of the patient.”    Smiling, the surgeon lifted his foot and showed the nurse the twelfth sponge. “You’ll do just fine in this or any other hospital,” he assured her.    When you know you’re right, you can’t concede.

Main Idea of Part I (Para.1-2)What is integrity according to my grandparents?

Main Idea of Part II (Para.3-12)

There are three principles (Integrity Triangle) to test integrity.

Main Idea of Part II (Para.13-14 )

How to be a good and social person?

Major writing techniques:

Principle-example

method

Quotation/illustration/

parallel/contrast/definition

Principle-example method ( 准则实证法 )

Principle: (Para. 9)

Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be more intelligent than you are. (Para. 9)

David Ogilvy, founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather, clarified this point to his newly appointed office heads by sending each of them a Russian nesting doll with five progressively smaller figures inside. His message was contained in the smallest doll: “If each of us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy & Mather will become a company of giants.” And that is precisely what O&M became - one of the largest and most respected advertising organisations in the world.

Provision of examples for the principle: Paras.10 &11)

Quotation ( 引言法 )

To support his argument, the author quotes different remarks as hard evidence in the following Paragraphs, Para.1,4,5,6,7,11, and13. Here are some examples of them.

“Life is like a field of newly fallen snow. Where I choose to walk every step willshow.”(Para.1)“You’re only removed 11 sponges, and we used 12. We need to find the last one.” (Para.4)“If each of us…will become a company of giants”( Para.11)“Tough times never last but tough people do,” as Robert Schuller says. (Para.13)

Example/illustration ( 例证 / 解释 )

There is a story told about a surgical nurse’s assistance during her first day on the medical team at a well-known hospital. (Para. 4) Example

David Ogilvy, founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather, clarified this point to his newly appointed office heads by sending each of them a Russian nesting doll with five progressively smaller figures inside. (Para. 10) ExampleAnd that is precisely what O&M became - one of the largest and most respected advertising organisations in the world. (Para.11) illustration

Parallel ( 排比法 )They didn’t have to talk about it; they demonstrated this truth by their lifestyle.(Para.1)Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be more intelligent than you are. (Para. 9)A life of principle, of not yielding to the tempting attractions of an easy morality, will always win the day. (Para. 14)Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others.(Para.14)

Contrast/Comparison ( 对比法 )They didn’t have to talk about it; they demonstrated this truth by their lifestyle.(Para.1)His message was contained in the smallest doll: “If each of us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy & Mather will become a company of giants.” (Para.11)Inevitably they will do everything they can to preserve this false mask, but they will do very little to enhance their inner value and personal growth.(Para.12)“Tough times never last but tough people do,” as Robert Schuller says.(Para.13)Integrity means you do what you do because it’s right and not just fashionable or politically correct.(Para.14)

Definition ( 定义法 )Integrity is an inner compass for judging your behavior. (Para. 2)

Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others.(Para.14)Simile( 明喻 )

Life is like a field of newly fallen snow. Metaphor( 暗喻 )/Personification( 拟人 )

It will take you forward into the twenty-first century without having to check your tracks in a rear-view mirror.

Integrity is an inner compass for judging your behavior. (Para. 2)

ensure

New Words

consist

preserve

demonstrate

apply

assure

boundary

2) Some 30,000 angry farmers are demonstrating in the central square.

demonstrate v.

1) vt. how clearly 演示 , 证明2 ） vi. take part in a march or meeting

to protest or to make demands 参加游行；示威

Supporters demonstrated outside the courtroom during the trial.

1) You have to demonstrate how to operate the computer.

你得演示一下如何使用这台计算机。

大约三万愤怒的农民在中央广场举行示威。

审讯期间，支持者们在法庭外游行示威。

eg.

practice

2) The river forms the boundary between the two states.

boundary n.

1)   (figuratively) limit 界限；局限 2) dividing line 边界

the boundaries of one's knowledge 人的知识的界限

1) There is no clear boundaries between people’s thoughts

人们的思想之间没有明确的界限。

这条河是两国的边界。

eg.

practice

国家之间经常因为边界问题而发生战乱。International wars often happen between countries out of boundary problems.

1 ） The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.

apply v.

1)give or have an effect; use for a purpose （使）产生作用 , 适用于 ; 运用

2) request officially 申请3. cause to work hard; devote 致力于

安全驾驶的规则适用于每一个人。

她正申请做秘书工作。

他考试不及格的原因是学习不用功。

他知道这条规则，但不知道如何将它运用到工作中去。 He knows the rule but does not know how to apply it to his work.

2) She is applying for a job as secretary.

eg.

practice

3) The reason for his failure in the exam is that he didn't apply himself to his study.

2) The beauty of Venice consists largely in the style of its ancient buildings.

consist vi.

Bolognaise sauce consists of minced beef, onion, tomatoes, garlic and seasoning.

(of) be made up of 由 ...... 组成

1) The textbook consists of ten units. 这本教科书由 10 个单元组成。

威尼斯的美很大程度上在于城中古建筑物的风格。

博洛尼亚肉酱由碎牛肉、洋葱、西红柿、大蒜和佐料调制而成。

eg.

practice

2) A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview.

ensure vt.

1) make sure or certain 确保

2) make sure of getting; secure 担保

This medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep.

1) Come early to ensure getting a good seat.

早些来，以确保有个好座位。

一封介绍信可以使你得到面试的机会。

这部小说使他获得了大作家的美誉。 The novel ensured his name as a great writer.

这药可保你睡个好觉。

eg.

practice

睡觉前，她确保自己已把门锁上了。

assure vt.

我敢保证，这文件是真的。

Mom assured us that everything would be all right.

1) tell positively or confidently 郑重告知

2)make (oneself) sure or certain; convince

使确信

I assure you that this medicine cannot harm you.

Before going to bed she assured herself that the door was locked.

我郑重告诉你，这药对你无害。

The document is genuine, I can assure you.妈妈向我们保证一切都会顺利。

eg.

practice

皮蛋

preserve vt.

I hope that fate may preserve you from all harm.

我祈祷命运保佑你平安。

1) keep; protect 保存；保护

2) store 储存

1) We need to preserve the forest.

我们需要保护这片森林。 2) preserved eggs

eg.

practice

preserved fruit果脯

ExpressionsExpressions

Patterns

1. sell out

Expressions

2. the bottom line

3. stand for

44.. account for

5. rely on/upon

6. engage in

7. win the day

她背弃了我们，倒向了另一边。

We shouldn’t sell our principles out to authorities.

我们不应在权威面前就违背我们的原则。

She sold out to the other side and left us.

1. sell out (to) 背叛事业或立场

practice

eg.

The bottom line is that we did not make money.

2. the bottom line 重要因素；关键的东西

关键是学生学习不够用功。 The bottom line is that the students didn't study hard enough.

关键是我们没赚钱。eg.

practice

细节不用说了，说说关键的吧。 Forget the detail and give me the bottom line.

This party stands for equal treatment in employment and fair trading.

What she can't stand for is that he smokes in her office.

3. stand for 1) 主张；相信 2) 承受； 3) 忍受代表

这个党主张平等就业和公平贸易。

她不能忍受的是他在她的办公室里抽烟。 practice

eg.

如果有什么事我不能忍受的话，那就是被人当作跑腿的使唤。

If there is one thing I won't stand for, it's being treated like an office boy.

What do these three letters stand for?

这 3 个字母代表什么？

“The radio is out of order.” “Oh, that would account for the strange noise it's making.”

比尔一定生病了，这是惟一能解释他缺席的原因。Bill must be ill; it's the only thing that accounts for his being away.

4. account for 报告 (钱如何用 ); 说明 /解释 ( 原因 )

你得向总部说明那些邮票的用途。You have to account to the Head Office for any stamps you use.

“收音机坏了。””喔，这可能就是它发出那种怪 声音的原因。”

practice

eg.

事实证明，在危难时刻她是可以依靠的。

You can't rely on him for assistance.

大多数时候我们的靠自己。

She had proved that she could be relied on in a crisis.

Mostly we must rely on ourselves.

你不能指望他来帮助你。 practice

eg.

5. Rely on/upon 依赖；依靠

If you engage in political affairs, you cannot expect to have much time for your family.

你这个年纪还从事剧烈的体育运动，明智吗？ Is it wise to engage in active sports at your age?

如果你从政的话，就不能指望再会有许多时间和家人在一起了。

practice

eg.

6. engage in 参与（使）关心

行行好，去和我婶婶说说话，这样我就可以离开这个 无聊的家庭晚会了。

Be good enough to engage my aunt in conversation so that I can escape from this dull family party.

His determination, his refusing to back down, and possibly his integrity had won the day.

篮球比赛落下了帷幕，公牛队获胜。The bull team won the day, and the basketball match came to an conclusion.

他的决心，他的不屈不挠，也许还有他的正直，使他获得了成功。

practice

eg.

7. win the day 赢；成功

Patterns

1. either …or…

2. in order to…

3. …without …

1. either…or… 要么……要么……My grandparents believed that you were either hone

st or you were not. （ Para.1)

我祖父母认为，一个人要么诚实，要么不诚实。 You either love him or hate him. 你不是爱她就是恨他。Either my father or my brothers are coming.不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。 Neither my father nor my

brothers are coming. 我父亲和兄弟谁都不来。 You add either one or two stock cubes. 你加入一两块浓缩固体汤料。It was either pink, red, or orange.不是粉红色的，就是红色的，要不就是橙色的。

Either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…nor

都可连接句中两个并列成分，且连接主语时，谓语要就近一致，与邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

此外， either 还可以是名词，形容词，副词。I’ve lived in New York and Chicago but don’t like either

city very much.我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但两个城市我都不喜欢。Either side of the street, there are many rows of trees.街道的每一边都矗立着许多树。He has no money now. She either./She hasn’t either.他身上不带钱。她也不带。

2. in order to… 为了 / 以便于 People who lack genuine core values rely on

external factors － their looks or status － in order to feel good about themselves.

(Para.12)

缺乏实实在在内涵的人会去依靠外部因素－如长相或地位－来保持良好的自我感觉。

Sunlight is needed in order for photosynthesis to take place.

需要阳光来进行光合作用。

3. without 没有 / 不…

It will take you forward into the twenty-first century without having to check your tracks in a rear-view mirror.

这样，你在跨入 21世纪的时候，就不必为自己过去的所作作为而抱憾。

Fish cannot live without water.

鱼儿没水不能活。

Without a word of thanks, he turned and went back into his room.

连一句感谢的话也没说，他就转身回家了。

Structured WritingStructured Writing

Now try to write your own paragraph, which starts with a principle that is supported by an example. Here are some topics for you to choose from. One of the topics has a detailed outline that you can follow if you want to.

Principle:Principle: **Hard work is the key to learning a foreigh lanHard work is the key to learning a foreigh lan

guage.guage.Example:Example: **online English course/practice all the time/caronline English course/practice all the time/car

ry a dictionary/ a notebook/ sit at computer for hours/cry a dictionary/ a notebook/ sit at computer for hours/complete my assignments/others have fun/I do my course omplete my assignments/others have fun/I do my course work/4-15 hours a week for the coursework/4-15 hours a week for the course

For reference

Hard work is the key to learning a foreign language. I started to learn English online at the beginning of this term. I practiced all the time. I carried a little dictionary with me everywhere I went, as well as a notebook in which I listed any new words I heard. I sat at computers for hours at a time during evenings and on weekends in order to complete my assignments. The time when other people were having fun was usually time when I did my course work. I committed 4 to 15 hours a week to the English course.

One

Hard work is the key to learning a foreign language. I took an online course this term. To learn it well, I practiced all the time. Where I go, I carried a little dictionary and a notebook in which I wrote down all the new works I came across. I sat at computers for hours at a time in order to complete my assignments. While others were having fun, I was doing my course work. I spent 4 to 15 hours a week on the English course. And my efforts were rewarded with an A for the exam.

For reference

Two

1. She can hardly be grateful.

A) other than B) more than

C) better than D) rather than

A) other than

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Directions: For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.

Quiz

2. We should take actions to improve the lot of South Africans colour or race.

A) in spite of B) regardless

C) on account of D) in case of

A) in spite of

3. Medical care reform has become this country’s most important public health .

A) question B) stuff

C) matter D) issueD) issue

4. Her boss was ____ pleased with her work, so

he decided to give her a promotion.

A) rather than B) more than

C) other than D) no more than

B) more than

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5. I believe that you are innocent of the crime and I will ____ you anywhere.

A) start up to B) stand up for

C) stand out D) stand for

B) stand up for

7. The engine has more than 300 ____ made of a number of different materials.

A) components B) compositions

C) compounds D) composites

A) components

6. It was said that the committee would ____men of widely different views in the end.

A) comprise B) consist

C) be made up D) be composed

A) comprise

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9. The doctor ____me that the discomfort would disappear in a couple of days if I followed his advice .

A) insured B) ensured

C) confirmed D) assured

8. The people living in these apartments have

free ____ to the swimming pool.

A) excess B) exception

C) access D) recreationC) access

D) assured

10. A foundation is a ____ on which a structure

can be built.

A) region B) basis

C) base D) spotC) base

11. Young adults ____older people are more

likely to prefer pop songs.

A) other than B) more than

C) less than D) rather than D) rather than

13. Our journey was slow because the train stopped ____ at different villages.

A) unceasingly B) gradually

C) continuously D) continuallyD) continually

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12. In general, the amount that a student spends

for housing should be held to one-fifth of the

total ____ for living expenses.

A) acceptable B) available

C) advisable D) applicable

B) available

15. Some diseases ____ by certain water animals.

A) transplanted B) transformed

C) transported D) transmittedD) transmitted

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14. William Penn , the founder of

Pennsylvania , _____defended the right of

every citizens to freedom of choice in

religion.

A) peculiarly B) indifferently

C) vigorously D) inevitably

C) vigorously

17. In Britain people ____ four million tons of

potatoes every year.

A) swallow B) dispose

C) consume D) exhaustC) consume下一页

16. We agreed to accept______ they thought was the best tourist guide.

A) whatever B) whomever

C) whichever D) whoeverD) whoever

19. The owner and editor of the newspaper

____the conference.

A) were attending B) were to attend

C) is to attend D) are to attendC) is to attend

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18. The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural ____.

A) tradition B) transportation

C) transmission D) transformationD) transformation

20. Although Anne is happy with her success

she wonders ____ will happen to her private

life.

A) that B) what

C) it D) this

B) what

Tips form CET- 4

1. A good many people were raised by the delegates, ____ was to be expected.

A) that B) what C) so D) as

2. Arriving home, the boy told his parents about all the ____ which occurred in his dormitory.

A) occasions B) matters C) incidents D) issues

D) as

C) incidents

3. The manage urged his staff not to ____ the

splendid opportunity.

A) drop B) miss

C) escape D) slide

4. ____ I admire David as a poet , I do not like him as a man .

A) Much as B) Only if

C) If only D) As much

B) miss

A) Much as

5. The continuous rain ____ the harvesting

of the wheat crop by two weeks.

A) set back B) set off

C) set out D) set aside

A) set back

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6. She’s fainted. Throw some water on her face and she’ll ____.

A) come back B) come along

C) come on D) come out

A) come back

8. When I go out in the evening I use the bike ____ the car if I can.

A) rather than B) regardless of

C) in spite of D) other than

A) rather than

7. Computer technology will ____ a revolution in business administration.

A) bring around B) bring about

C) bring out D) bring up

B) bring about

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10. As the old empires were broken up and now new states were formed, new official tongues began to ____ at an increasingly rate.

A) bring up B) build up

C) spring up D) strike up

9. Only a few people have ____ to the full facts

of the incident.

A) access B) resort

C) contact D) path

A) access

C) spring up