الرحيم الرحمن الله الرحيم بسم الرحمن الله بسم

EXPANDED PROGRAMM OF IMMUNIZATION

Visit Age Vaccine Disease Dose Route Site

1 At BirthBCG Tuberculosis 0.05ml 1/d Right deltoid

OPV zero Poliomyelitis 2 Drops Oral Oral

2 6 Weeks

DPT-1

Diphtheria

0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of right thighPertussis

Tetanus

OPV-1 Poliomyelitis 2 Drops Oral Oral

HBV-1 Hepatitis B 0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of left thigh

3 10 Weeks

DPT-2

Diphtheria

0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of right thighPertussis

Tetanus

OPV-2 Poliomyelitis 2 Drops Oral Oral

HBV-2 Hepatitis B 0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of left thigh

4 14 Weeks

DPT-3

Diphtheria

0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of right thighPerletsis

Tetanus

OPV-3 Poliomyelitis 2 Drops Oral Oral

HBV-3 Hepatitis B 0.5 ml 1/m Anerolateral aspect of left thigh

5 9 MonthsMeasles

Measles 0.5 ml 1/m Left deltoidVaccine

6

16-24 Months DPT

Diphtheria

0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of right thighPerletsis

Tetanus

OPVPoliomyelitis 2 Drops Oral Oral

7 5-6 Years DTDiphtheria

0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of right thighTetanus

EARLY DIAGNOSISEARLY DIAGNOSIS

A.A. The treatment of patientsThe treatment of patients B. For epidemiological investigationB. For epidemiological investigation C. To study the time place and personC. To study the time place and person D. For the institution of prevention and D. For the institution of prevention and

control measures.control measures.

ISOLATIONISOLATION

Separation for the period of communicability Separation for the period of communicability of infected persons or animals from others in of infected persons or animals from others in such places and under such conditions, as such places and under such conditions, as to prevent or limit the direct or indirect to prevent or limit the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent from transmission of the infectious agent from those infected to those who are susceptible those infected to those who are susceptible or who may spread the agent to others.or who may spread the agent to others.To protect the community by preventing transfer of infection from the reservoir.

Period of isolation recommendedPeriod of isolation recommendedDiseaseDisease Duration of isolationDuration of isolation

ChickenpoxChickenpox Until all lesions crusted; usually about 6 days Until all lesions crusted; usually about 6 days after onset of rachafter onset of rach

MeaslesMeasles From the onset of catarrhal stage through From the onset of catarrhal stage through 33rdrd day of rashday of rash

Cholera/DiphtheriaCholera/Diphtheria 3 days after tetracyclines started 3 days after tetracyclines started ShigellosisShigellosis Until 3 consecutive negative stoolUntil 3 consecutive negative stoolSalmonellosisSalmonellosis culturesculturesHepatitis AHepatitis A 3 Weeks3 WeeksInfluenzaInfluenza 3 days after onset3 days after onsetPolioPolio 2 weeks adult2 weeks adult

6 weeks Paediatric6 weeks PaediatricTuberculosisTuberculosis Until 3 weeks of effectiveUntil 3 weeks of effective(sputum +)(sputum +) ChemotherapyChemotherapyHerpes zosterHerpes zoster 6 days after onset of rash6 days after onset of rashMumpsMumps Until swelling subsidesUntil swelling subsidesPertussisPertussis 4 weeks or until paroxysms cease4 weeks or until paroxysms cease

MeningococcalMeningococcal Until the first 6 hours of effectiveUntil the first 6 hours of effectiveMeningitisMeningitis antibiotic therapy are completedantibiotic therapy are completed

StreptococcalStreptococcalpharyngitispharyngitis

QUARANTINEQUARANTINE

The limitation of freedom of movement of The limitation of freedom of movement of such well persons or animals exposed to such well persons or animals exposed to communicable disease for a period of time communicable disease for a period of time not longer than the longest usual incubation not longer than the longest usual incubation period of the disease, to prevent effective period of the disease, to prevent effective contact with those not so exposed.contact with those not so exposed.

Indications for chemoprophylaxisIndications for chemoprophylaxisDiseaseDisease ChemoprophylaxisChemoprophylaxisCholeraCholera Tetracycline or furazolidone for house-hold contactsTetracycline or furazolidone for house-hold contacts

Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis bacterialbacterial

Erythromycin ophthalmic ointmentErythromycin ophthalmic ointment

DiphtheriaDiphtheria Erythromycin ( and first dose of vaccine)Erythromycin ( and first dose of vaccine)

InfluenzaInfluenza Amantadine (effective only for type A) for contacts suffering Amantadine (effective only for type A) for contacts suffering from chronic diseasesfrom chronic diseases

MalariaMalaria Two tablets of chloroquine(150mg) once a week, on the Two tablets of chloroquine(150mg) once a week, on the same day each week.same day each week.

MeningitisMeningitis

meningococcalmeningococcal

Sulphadiazine for 4 days Sulphadiazine for 4 days

For household and close community contacts For household and close community contacts immunization should e initiated in all cases (against immunization should e initiated in all cases (against serogroups A and C)serogroups A and C)

PlaguePlague Tetracycline for contacts of pneumonic plague.Tetracycline for contacts of pneumonic plague.

DISINFECTIONDISINFECTION

It It is the killing of infectious agents outside the is the killing of infectious agents outside the body by direct exposure to chemical or physical body by direct exposure to chemical or physical agents.agents.

DisinfectantDisinfectant or germicide is a substance which destroys or germicide is a substance which destroys

harmful microbes (not usually spores ) with the harmful microbes (not usually spores ) with the object of preventing transmission of diseases.object of preventing transmission of diseases.

AntisepticAntisepticis a substance which destroys or inhibits the is a substance which destroys or inhibits the growth of micro-organisms. These are suitable for growth of micro-organisms. These are suitable for applications to living tissues.applications to living tissues.

CONCURRENT DISINFECTIONCONCURRENT DISINFECTION

It is the application of disinfective measures It is the application of disinfective measures as soon as possible after the discharge of as soon as possible after the discharge of infectious material from the body of an infectious material from the body of an infected persons or after the soiling of infected persons or after the soiling of articles with such infectious discharges.articles with such infectious discharges.

TERMINAL DISINFECTIONTERMINAL DISINFECTION

It is the application of disinfective measures after It is the application of disinfective measures after the patient has been removed by dealth or to a the patient has been removed by dealth or to a hospital or has ceased to be a source of infection hospital or has ceased to be a source of infection or after other hospital isolation practice have been or after other hospital isolation practice have been discontinued. discontinued.

PRECURRENT PRECURRENT (PROPHYLACTIC)(PROPHYLACTIC) DISINFECTION: DISINFECTION: Disinfection of water by chlorine, pasteurization of Disinfection of water by chlorine, pasteurization of

milk and hand washing may be cited as examples milk and hand washing may be cited as examples of precurrent disinfection.of precurrent disinfection.

DeodorantDeodorantis a substance which suppresses or is a substance which suppresses or neutralizes bad odours, e.g., Lime and neutralizes bad odours, e.g., Lime and bleaching powder.bleaching powder.

DetergentDetergent

is a surface cleaning agent which acts by is a surface cleaning agent which acts by lowering surface tension, e.g., soap which lowering surface tension, e.g., soap which removes bacteria along with dirt.removes bacteria along with dirt.

SterilizationSterilization

is the process of destroying all life including is the process of destroying all life including spores. It is widely used in medical practice. spores. It is widely used in medical practice.