Source: James M. Burin; Graham Wadeson & Anne Isaac- 2011 ICAO
GRSS
IATA IATA --120120
(4/4)
20122012
8080//2,0002,000
7 Source: 2011 ICAO GRSSSource: 2011 ICAO GRSS && 2011 NBAA
RE Prevention Prj. (Jim BURIN/FSF)2011 NBAA RE Prevention Prj. (Jim
BURIN/FSF)
Stabilized LandingStabilized Landing Stabilized ApproachStabilized
Approach
Go AroundAborted Landing
( LOC/ /) (G/S) (3)
(LOC//) () ()
5
Honeywell SmartLanding Sys. , 3 Stabilized Approach Monitor (RA
1,000 ~ 300ft) Long Landing /Deep Landing Monitor (100 ~ 5 ft),
and
runway distance remaining callouts (A/C on GND)
20122012
runway distance remaining callouts (A/C on GND) Altimeter Error
Monitor
Boeing Honeywell Smart Landing &Smart Runway
9
Proactive Proactive Onboard Onboard
IATA/ICAO IATA/ICAO RERRRERR ToolkitToolkit
FAA Takeoff & FAA Takeoff &
End Safety Area End Safety Area (RESA)(RESA)
Arresting SystemArresting System (EMAS)(EMAS)
HoneywellHoneywell Smart LandingSmart Landing
ALA a/c ALA a/c parametersparameters
20122012
Rulemaking Committee Rulemaking Committee (TALPA ARC)(TALPA
ARC)
EASA RFCMABEASA RFCMAB
busbus ROPSROPSMonitoring of Monitoring of
Realistic a/c Realistic a/c landing perf.landing perf.
10
6
500’
20122012
11
Airbus(ROPS)
20122012 12
Too High Too HighToo High Too High
950
600’
450’
300’
Flaps FlapsFlaps Flaps
Unstable UnstableUnstable Unstable
Only once if landing flaps are still not set If lined up with a
runway
If lined up with a runway
5 NM5 NM
5 NM5 NM
Landing Gear is down, Landing Flap is set & lined up with a
runway
20122012 13
Too Fast
Honeywell(LLM/DLM)
Long Landing 5000 remaining
6000 remaining Deep Landing
G n
d S
p ee
d (k
n ot
(RWY Remaining Distance) (m)
)
GS
RA 500 ft A/C on ILS Beams GS 140 kt
RA 50 ft RWY Threshold GS 140 kt
Touchdown pt.485 m GS 134 kt
Full braking 2.0 m/s^2
ax 0.2 g
2,2002,200 4,854,85((Air Dist. Air Dist. 1,6001,600)) 1,3151,315
((Gnd Dist. Gnd Dist. 4,3204,320))
Soft Alert: RA 100 ~ 20 ftSoft Alert: RA 100 ~ 20 ft Call outs Call
outs –– “Too High”, “ Too Fast”, “Long Landing”, “Too High”, “ Too
Fast”, “Long Landing”, Hard Alert: below RA 20 ftHard Alert: below
RA 20 ft Call outs Call outs –– “Long Landing”, “xxx remaining”,
“deep landing”…“Long Landing”, “xxx remaining”, “deep
landing”…
16
9
Upgrade Eq.Upgrade Eq. FDM/FOQAFDM/FOQA
of REsof REs
of REsof REs
Upgrade Eq.Upgrade Eq. EMAS*EMAS* Upgrade Eq.Upgrade Eq.
EMAS*EMAS*
FunctionsFunctionsFunctionsFunctions
Data MiningData Mining
SkillsSkills
(( ))55
RA devRA dev ±± 10~1510~15Vref ( +5~20kt )Vref ( +5~20kt )
slat/flap /LDG(
, 1000) ()
(3020 10 RA)
ILS (GP)(LOC)
RA dev. RA dev. ±± 10~15 10~15 ft ft Vref (0 ~+10kt )Vref (0 ~+10kt
)
1.30~1.60 g 1.30~1.60 g 12~14 s ( 50 ft 12~14 s ( 50 ft
to M T/D)to M T/D) 2,000~ 2,500 ft 2,000~ 2,500 ft
(()) 55 (50 ft(50 ft
20122012 19
(GP)(LOC) +/- 1 dot.
55 (50 ft ~ (50 ft ~ M T/D M T/D GS 50 kt)GS 50 kt)
Some Operators may add extraSome Operators may add
extra--parameters:parameters: ASY. Thrust , Pitch rate, Dual
Control, short flare (3~ 5s)…ASY. Thrust , Pitch rate, Dual
Control, short flare (3~ 5s)…
(RV/RO)(RV/RO) 5005005050
50050050kt50kt[[ Vs. Loc Dev.]Vs. Loc Dev.]
5050
5050
(Air Dist.)(Air Dist.) (Air Dist. + Gnd. Dist.)(Air Dist. + Gnd.
Dist.)
(()) ))
20122012 20
((nosewheelnosewheel--steeringsteering tiller)tiller)
FOQAFOQA
2,000(620m)””
22Source: ASIAS/FAA Source: ASIAS/FAA (7.7 Million Flight FOQA
data, 31 airlines)(7.7 Million Flight FOQA data, 31 airlines)
12
Unstable App. App. Fast, Long LandingUnstable App. App. Fast, Long
Landing
05:57:4405:57:44 10 NM, 10496 ft10 NM, 10496 ft
06:01:4106:01:41 7.5 NM, 5263 ft7.5 NM, 5263 ft
06:03:4006:03:40 2.0 NM, 2020 ft2.0 NM, 2020 ft
20122012 23
2010/05/22 IX8122010/05/22 IX812MANGALOREMANGALORE ILSILSG/S dev
> 1.5 dots, LOC dev > 0.5 dotsG/S dev > 1.5 dots, LOC dev
> 0.5 dots 2424 VappVapp + 16 kt, RA 200 ft; F/O call “Go Around
+ 16 kt, RA 200 ft; F/O call “Go Around after “Sink rate” 3after
“Sink rate” 3PICPICT/D 5200 ft T/D 5200 ft +6+6
3.3. 4.4. SOPSOP
VSIVSIVSIVSI
MHDGMHDGMHDGMHDG
RollRollRollRoll
PitchPitchPitchPitch
14
#1#1 Deceleration on wet/flooded runwayDeceleration on wet/flooded
runway
Weather conditions:Weather conditions: right cross wind 10 kt, tail
wind 2 kt Rainfall rate 0 5”/hr (12 7 mm/hr)Rainfall rate 0.5 /hr
(12.7 mm/hr) Average runway texture depth 0.18 mm runway- 13R Poor
to nil braking
A/C condition:A/C condition: #1 ENG FWD thrust, #2 ~ #4 REV #6
& #10 wheel locked up Average decel less than -0.12 g Four main
wheel tread contains
Source: Northwest flight 902, B744 runway veeroff,Source: Northwest
flight 902, B744 runway veeroff, 13R/JFK airport. 1977/11/1713R/JFK
airport. 1977/11/17
MT/DMT/D 1200 ft1200 ft
ENG1: FWD ThrustENG1: FWD Thrust
5,860ft Start veeroff5,860ft Start veeroff--RHTRHT
20122012 28
15
#2#2 B738 RV: RCTP RWY 05LB738 RV: RCTP RWY 05L053053 049049
RA 80RA 80 10 10
RA 95RA 95/30/30 55
20122012 29
RA 42(0 s) M T/D (+8s) (+12s) (+16s)
A/C 44 40 38 31
A/C 8.4 16.9 16.5 21.5
A/C-53 -9 -13 -15 -22
#2#2 B738 RV: RCTP RWY 05LB738 RV: RCTP RWY 05L053053 049049
13:48 010/36 G52 RVR 500 13:48 010/36 G52 RVR 500 25.68kt, 25.68kt,
26.3kt 26.3kt (() 13:53 010/37 G52 RVR 500) 13:53 010/37 G52 RVR
500
FDR RA 100’ ~ 50’FDR RA 100’ ~ 50’ 26.8kt, 26.8kt, 30kt30kt
13:50:1213:50:12RA 42RA 42
Recommend Crosswind Guidelines for B737Recommend Crosswind
Guidelines for B737--800 : 27 kt (wet)800 : 27 kt (wet)
16
/ 2b
Airbus 320/340 Airbus 320/340 Boeing B737-700&800 / B747-400
MD-80/ MD 90
20122012 35
RWY THR
3054 T/D
536 T/DRWY THR
536: 1,750ft “ASY T/R+ wo A/B & SPL ” 3054: 1,200ft “ASY T/R+
wo A/B & SPL ” AF358: 3,800 ft ”delay T/R 16s+ 12 kt+
19kt+poor braking”
IX812, RWY THR
22ndnd M T/D 5200 ftM T/D 5200 ft
20122012
QF1:QF1: [Vapp+15kt, RA 76ft][Vapp+15kt, RA 76ft]11soft alertsoft
alert SWA1248:SWA1248:soft alertsoft alert1010hard alerthard alert
IX812: RA 1500ft IX812: RA 1500ft hard alert;hard alert; Vapp+16kt,
LOC dev 0.5 Vapp+16kt, LOC dev 0.5
dots , dots , G/S dev > 1.5 dots, RA ~200ftG/S dev > 1.5
dots, RA ~200ft 37
22 M T/D 5200 ftM T/D 5200 ft
3. Boeing Fleet (B738 Vs. B744)
AE838: MT/D 1,770ft; Vref 160 AE838: MT/D 1,770ft; Vref 160
ktskts
ROPS/SLSROPS/SLS
20122012 38
BR701: MT/D 3,585ft; Vref 146 BR701: MT/D 3,585ft; Vref 146
ktskts
20
20122012 39
/ 3a
NTSBFAA (C l Ai Fli ht 3407 SR 07 13)
20122012 41
22
Thank you for your attentions Thank you for your attentions
20122012
Event type Criteria Duration (sec)
1. SPD Dev. in App. Vref +20 kts or Vref kts (1000 ft ~ 500ft);
Vref +15 kts or Vref kts (500ft ~ 50 ft) Vref +10 kts or Vref kts
(below 50 ft)
3
2. G/S Dev. |G/S| 1.0dot(1000 ft ~ 500ft); |G/S| 0.75 dot (500ft ~
150 ft)
3 | | ( )
3. LOC Dev. |LOC| 1.0dot(1000 ft ~ 500ft); |LOC| 0.75 dot (500ft ~
150 ft) |LOC| 0.50 dot (below 150 ft)
3
4. HDG Dev. |A/C HDG – RWY HDG| 5 deg 3
5. High Decent Rate VSI 1100 fpm (1000 ft ~ 500ft); VSI 1000 fpm
(500ft ~ 50 ft); VSI 700 fpm (500ft ~ 50 ft);
3
6. High Bank in App. |Roll att.| 15 deg (1000 ft ~ 400ft); |Roll
att | 10 deg (400ft ~ 100ft)
20122012
|Roll att.| 10 deg (400ft 100ft) |Roll att.| 8 deg(100 ~ 50 ft)
|Roll att.| 5 deg(below 50 ft)
7. Delayed LDG down < 1,000 ft detected
8. GND SPL LEVER not armed detected
9. GPWS alerts detected
()
From Threshold to Touch down (RA 50 FT ~ T/D ~ GS 50 KTS)From
Threshold to Touch down (RA 50 FT ~ T/D ~ GS 50 KTS) Event type
Criteria Duration (sec)
1. Alt. Dev. At 50 ft Passed through RWY THR RA ±10 ft 2
2. SPD DEV at 50ft Vapp Vref +10 , Vapp Vref 2
3. SPD high at T/D VT/D Vapp detected
4. High tail wind VGS-VTAS 8 kts (AFM limits 10 kts) 2
5. Dual Control Dual Pitch and roll control 2
6. High Pitch & rate |PTH| xx (A/C type related); |PR| 3
deg/sec 2
7. Long Flare Time RA 50 FT ~ M T/D 12 ~ 14 sec (A/C type related)
detected
8. Long T/D POINT RA 50 FT ~ M T/D 1,500~2,500 ft (A/C type
related)
9. Hard Larding or bounce landing
Vg 1.7g or Vg0.8g * 2 samples
10 D l d d l ti M T/D N T/D >3 M T/D T/R DEP 5 10 d t t d
20122012 46
10. Delayed deceleration M T/D N T/D >3 sec M T/D SPLs DEP >3
sec
M T/D T/R DEP 5~10 sec detected
11. Abnormal deceleration a. Long. Acc -0.35g; or Long. Acc -0.15g
b. ASY. Spoilers or Spoilers not DEP. c. ASY. T/R or No T/R (delta
N1 > 10% or EPR >0.15)
* 4 samples
12. Abnormal Braking a. After 3 sec of M T/D, Wheel Speed < 100
kts b. Brake pressures fluctuation c. Hydraulic failure related to
brakes
2~4 TBD detected
24
()
From From ThresholdThreshold to Touch down (RA 50 FT ~ M T/D)to
Touch down (RA 50 FT ~ M T/D) Event type Criteria Duration
(sec)
1. Lat. Dev. LOC 0.5 ~0.75 dot (depends on RWY Length & Width)
2
2. HDG Dev. |A/C HDG – RWY HDG| 5 deg 2
3. High Pitch |PTH| xx (A/C type related); |PR| 3 deg/sec
4. High bank att. |Roll att.| | 5 deg 2
5. High CRS wind IRS /METAR cross wind 15 kts (A/C type related)
2
6. High tail wind VGS-VTAS 8 kts (AFM limits 10 kts) 2
7. Dual Control Dual Pitch and roll control (if recorded)! 2
From Touch down to GS 50 KTS ( M T/D ~ GS 50 KTS)From Touch down to
GS 50 KTS ( M T/D ~ GS 50 KTS) Event type Criteria Duration
(sec)
1. Lat. Dev. LOC 0.50 dot (DEV. 35 ~ 70 ft, btw 8000 ~ 4000 ft)
2
20122012
2. HDG Dev. |A/C HDG – RWY HDG| 5 deg 2
3. High Lateral Operation
|drift angle| 10 deg or |Rudd Pedal| | 15 deg Or |lat.
acceleration| 0.2 g (4 samples)
2
4. Asy. T/R |EPR1-EPR 2| >0.1 or |N11-N12|> 10% 2
5. Asy. Spoilers Asymmetric left & right –Spoilers or not
deployed 2
6. Nose Tiller GS>40 kt, nosewheel-steering tiller operation
2
7. Lateral Acc | acc. Ay| 0.35 g 2 samples
Callout Criteria ()
Parameter Callout Criteria
Airspeed Lower than Vapp – 5 kt (Vref) or Greater than Vapp + 10 kt
(Vref +15 kt)
Vertical Speed Greater than – 1,000 ft/minVertical Speed
Pitch Attitude Lower than (*) Nose Down or Greater than (*) Nose
Up
Bank Angle Greater than 7 degrees
LOC deviation 1/4 dot or Excessive (Beam) Deviation Warning
Glide Slope deviation 1 dot or Excessive (Beam) Deviation
Warning
20122012 48
(*) Refer to the applicable SOPs for applicable pitch attitude
limits. (*) Refer to the applicable SOPs for applicable pitch
attitude limits.
Source: Airbus Flight Operations Briefing NotesSource: Airbus
Flight Operations Briefing Notes “Approach Techniques/Flying
Stabilized Approaches”“Approach Techniques/Flying Stabilized
Approaches”
