تجزیه و تحلیل صنعتتبدیل گاز طبیعی به مایعات

(GTL)هیدروکربوری

وب سایت مرکز مطالعات زنجیره ارزش در صنعت نفت و گازمهدوی پوررضا

94خرداد

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Natural GasDiesel (70%)

Naphtha (25%)

LPG, Lubes , Waxes (5%)

Definition of GTL Process

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First Process: Syngas Generation Step

Second Process: Fischer- Tropsch Synthesis Step

Third Process: Product upgrading Step

GAS-TO-LIQUIDS COMPLEX PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY

Each process step has its own history that has

converged to make F-T GTL feasible

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There are three modes of mass transport in which the energy or hydrocarbon

content of natural gas can be transported over long distances to a user:

1. By pipeline.

2. As liquefied natural gas (LNG) in specialized ships.

3. By conversion at or near the wellhead to liquid or solid products (methanol,

DME, F-T liquids, fertilizers) followed by ocean tankers.

History

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Large natural gas reserves,

Clean fuels regulations,

Rising oil prices,

Energy security concerns,

New technology developments

have raised interest in Fischer-Tropsch gas-toliquids (GTL) processes

History

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Interest in Fischer-Tropsch GTL technologies has greatly depended on

- Oil-natural gas price differentials

- The perception of the size,

- Depletion rate,

- Lifetime of oil and gas reserves.

History

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Commercial GTL Plants

Sasol’s ORYX-1 in Qatar (34,000 b/d)

Shell’s Pearl GTL plant in Qatar (140,000 b/d)

Chevron’s 34,000 b/d GTL plant at Escravos in Nigeria

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Sasol’s ORYX-1 in Qatar was completed in 2006, which did not achieve its

nameplate production level of 34,000 b/d until late 2009. Costs rose from an

initial estimate ($6 billion) of $950 million to $1.5 billion.

The front-end engineering and design of the Oryx phase one GTL complex was

carried out by Foster Wheeler Energy, UK. The engineering, procurement and

construction contract was awarded to Technip-Coflexip of Italy.

First Commercial GTL

Oryx, a joint venture between Qatar Petroleum (51%) and Sasol of South

Africa (49%)

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Second Commercial GTLShell’s Pearl GTL plant in Qatar, the world’s largest GTL project, with an

ultimate capacity of 140,000 b/d and an estimated price tag of $10–12

billion.

The project is a Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) between Qatar

Petroleum and Shell.

The proprietary Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS) process is at the

heart of the two-train Pearl GTL plant. Developed over more than three

decades, the process has been proven on a commercial scale at the 14,700-

barrel-per-day Bintulu GTL plant in Malaysia, which began operation in

1993.

http://www.shell.com/global/future-energy/natural-gas/gtl/process.htmlVCMStudy.ir

Commercial GTL Plants in Qatar

248 Km

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Commercial GTL Plants in Qatar

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Commercial GTL Plant in Qatar

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Commercial GTL Plants in Qatar

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Shell Pearl GTL

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Chevron’s 34,000 b/d GTL plant (EGTL) at Escravos in Nigeria will cost an

estimated $10 billion and started up in 2014.

The project was developed by Chevron Nigeria Limited (75%) and the

Nigerian National Petroleum Company (15%). Sasol gained interest in the

project early on, acquiring half of Chevron Nigeria's stake; however, due to

increased cost and delays, Sasol reduced its stake to 10% in late 2008.

The plant uses the Fischer-Tropsch process technology of Sasol and Chevron's

ISOCRACKING technology.

Third Commercial GTL

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Commercial GTL Plant in Nigeria

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Commercial GTL Plant in Nigeria

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Escravos GTL

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Technology Evaluation of GTL

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Commercial Status of GTL Technologies

Small ScaleWorld Scale

1. Sasol2. Sasol Chevron3. Shell

1. Syntroleum2. Velocys3. Compact GTL

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F-T Reactor Characteristic (Sasol)

SSPD

CFB & SAS Reactors

Iron Based Catalysts

Cobalt Based Catalysts

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SSPD Process of Sasol

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SMDS Process of Shell

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Key Features of Pearl GTL

Downstream, dry gas will be used as feedstock for the onshore integrated GTL

complex that will manufacture an additional 140,000 barrels per day of liquid

hydrocarbon products. The Pearl GTL complex will consist of two 70,000 bpd

GTL trains and associated facilities.

The GTL plant consists of 24 F-T reactors, each holds tens of thousands of tubes

containing a Shell proprietary catalyst.

The contract to supply 8 ASU trains with a total oxygen capacity exceeding 30,000

ton/d for the Pearl GTL project in Qatar was awarded to Linde.

The investment in Pearl GTL, which was originally estimated to be $5 billion in

2003, is reported to be between $18 and $19 billion now.

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Small Scale GTL Technology (SMR Rector)

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Small Scale GTL Technology (SMR Mechanism)

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Small Scale GTL Technology (F-T Rector)

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Small Scale GTL Technology (F-T Mechanism)

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توان تکنولوژیکی

Techno PushMarket Pull

Business Model Generation

بازاریابیتوان فروشتوان تولیدتوان توان مالی

Natural GasDiesel (70%)

Naphtha (25%)

LPG, Lubes , Waxes (5%)

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%Type

37Oil

27N. Gas

22Coal

Fuel use progression

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Ranking of countries (Natural Gas)

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World Natural Gas Supply and Demand

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ME Natural Gas Supply and Demand

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Iran’s new & exist refineries

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36.3 37.1 38.5 39.9 41.2 42.344.7 45.1 44.5 44.7 44.7

53.2

42.545.8

50.5

56.3

60.7

67

73.6

64.567

64.861.3 59.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

وز ر

درر

يت ل

نولي

مي

توليد مصرف

Gasoline Consumption

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66.7

69.170.8

72

75

79.4

86.2

89.7

92.5 92.8

95.296.8

69.970.9

71.973.1

77

79.280.5

81.6

85

88.7

90.9

94.7

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

وز ر

درر

يت لن

يويل

م

مصرف توليد

Diesel Consumption

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11

11.4

11.9 11.811.5

11 11 11 11

12.3 12.2

11.1

8.3 8.3

8.88.6

8.48.2 8.3

8 8.18.4

8.7

9.2

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

وز ر

درر

يت لن

يويل

م

مصرف توليد

LPG Consumption

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79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

واردات 5.3 7.8 10.4 15.1 22.7 24.8 27.5 19 20.6 20.97 10.34 6.32

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

وز ر

درر

یتن ل

یویل

م

Import of Gasoline

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