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燃料電池技術 (II). H.K. Ma Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. November, 2009 台灣大學機械工程系能源環境實驗室. Introduction of Fuel Cell Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) Unitilized Regenerative Fuel Cell (URFC) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NTU ME
燃料電池技術 (II)
H.K. MaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
November, 2009
台灣大學機械工程系能源環境實驗室
Introduction of Fuel Cell
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)
Unitilized Regenerative Fuel Cell (URFC)
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
Clean H- Energy, Green Si-Island
直接甲醇燃料電池 (DMFC) 之工作原理 Clean H- Energy, Green Si-Island
電池溫度 (temperature):60~80°C
陽極 (Anode): 白金 - 釕 (Pt-Ru) supported on 碳粉(carbon)
陰極 (Cathode): 白金 (Pt) supported on 碳粉 (carbon)
電解質 (Electrolyte): Perfluorinatedsulfonic acid in solidpolymer form (Nafion)
Anode reaction: CH3OH + H2O CO2 (g) + 6H+ + 6e–
Cathode reaction: 3/2 O2 + 6H+ + 6e– 3 H2O
Net cell reaction: CH3OH + 3/2 O2 CO2 (g) + 2H2O + We + Waste Heat
Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)
Methanol (CH3OH) + Water
Anode
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM)
Cathode )
Oxygen (O2) from the Air
Water (H2O)
H+
ElectricalCircuit
e-
H2O
MeOH
DMFC
91~94Y 關鍵技術的研發
DMFC
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.7
3.0
E(V
)
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8I(A)
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
P(W
)
1 C ELL
2 C ELLS
3 C ELLS
5 C ELLS
(25 cm2) 5-cell 10W Stack
Membrane: Nafion 117Anode: Pt-Ru-4mg/cm2 (Pt-Ru black)Cathode: Pt-4mg/cm2 (Pt black)Cell temp:70oCFuel/Oxidant : 2M MeOH/O2
Active area:25cm2
Performance
Clean H- Energy, Green Si-Island
DMFC
O2
methanol
電池堆技術電池堆技術
DMFC
Clean H- Energy, Green Si-Island
工研院材料所
( 手機 , 筆記型電腦 )
核研所 , 2003/2
( 手機 )
元智大學 ,2004/9
( 手機充電器 )
國內 DMFC 技術應用
DMFC
Notebook fuel cell Hannover, Germany
March 10, 2005
Tell us your opinionCeBIT: Another fuel cell
prototype has been launched but this time it comes with a firm commitment to launching a finished product this year
Taiwanese company Antig Technology( 勝光科技 ) has developed a compact prototype fuel cell integrated into a notebook PC.
The prototype, which is the size of a CD-ROM disk and is pictured below, was demonstrated at CeBIT trade show in Hannover, Germany, on Thursday. The company also showed off a prototype 12W fuel cell for notebook PCs and a prototype fuel cell charger for mobile phones.
Commercial versions of the prototypes for notebooks and mobile handheld devices are expected to be available by late 2005.
Anting’s Strategy
DMFC 技術於軍事運用
燃料槽
DMFC
Specification: 12V, 50W, 80Hr 38x26x15cm, 8kGFuel cartridge: M5, 4kwh, 5L, 4.2kgSale price: USD $3490
Introduction of Fuel Cell
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)
Unitilized Regenerative Fuel Cell (URFC)
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
Clean H- Energy, Green Si-Island
Clean H- Energy, Green Si-Island
燃料電池 (Fuel Cell)
與水電解 (Electrolyzer) 之工作原理
URFC
Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell (URFC)
再生型燃料電池 (Regenerative FC)
均一化再生型燃料電池 (URFC)Regenerative Fuel Cell (RFC)
Clean H- Energy, Green Si-Island
URFC
URFC 材料考量
Electrolyte H2 電極 O2 電極
Fuel Cell Nafion Pt Pt
Electrolyzer Nafion Pt IrO2
URFC Nafion Pt Pt/IrO2
Clean H- Energy, Green Si-Island
URFC
URFC 應用 Clean H- Energy, Green Si-Island
2004/9( 教具 ) NASA(USA)
無人偵察機系統
URFC
Introduction of Fuel Cell
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)
Unitilized Regenerative Fuel Cell (URFC)
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
Clean H- Energy, Green Si-Island
Clean H- Energy, Green Si-Island
固態氧化物燃料電池
(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC)
電池溫度 (temperature):800-1000°C
陽極 (Anode): Nickel-Zirconia cermet
(Ni-ZrO2)陰極 (Cathode): Modified lanthanum
manganiteElectrolyte: Yttria (Y2O3) stabilized
Zirconia (ZrO2)
Anode (half-cell) reaction: H2 + O2 – H2O + 2e–
(CO + O2 – CO2 + 2e–)
Cathode (half-cell) reaction: ½ O2 + 2e– O2 –
Net cell reaction: H2 + ½ O2 H2O + We + Waste Heat
(CO + ½ O2 CO2)SOFC
空氣 (Air)
Natural Gas
Flow field plate(Stainless)
Cathode ((LaSrMn)O3 )
Electrolyte (YSZ (8Y) )
Anode (NiO+YSZ)
Material Components
Anode supported electrolyte (Leatech)
Clean H- Energy, Green Si-Island
SOFC
電池堆設計 (Stack Design)
Characteristics
• 平板型設計 (Planar cell design)
• 內部分流 (Internally manifolded)
• 不繡鋼雙極板 (Stainless steel interconnects, current collector, end plates)
• 金屬密封材質 (metal seal)
• 陶瓷骨架設計 (Frame Design)
Clean H- Energy, Green Si-Island
SOFC
電池種類 磷 酸(PAFC)
熔融碳酸鹽(MCFC)
固態氧化物(SOFC)
鹼 性(AFC)
質子交換膜(PEMFC)
電解質 H3PO4 Li2CO3-K2CO3 ZrO2 KOH 含氟質子交換膜
陽極 C( 含 Pt) Ni( 含 Cr , Al) 金屬 (Ni , Zr) C( 含 Pt) C( 含 Pt)
陰極 C( 含 Pt) NiO 金屬氧化物如 LaMnO4 C(含觸煤 ) C( 含 Pt)、鉑黑
流動離子 H+ CO32- O2- OH- H+
操作溫度 180~2000C ~6500C ~10000C 室溫 ~1000C 室溫 ~800C
操作壓力 < 120 psia < 120 psia 常壓 < 60 psia < 30 psia
可用燃料 天然氣、甲醇、輕油 天然氣、甲醇、石油、煤碳
天然氣、甲醇、石油、煤碳
精煉氫氣、電解副產氫氣
天然氣、甲醇、汽油
池體材料 石墨 鎳、不鏽鋼 陶瓷 合成樹脂 石墨
特 性
1.進氣中 CO會導致觸媒中毒。 2.廢熱可予利用。
1.不受進氣 CO影響 2.反應時需循環使用 CO2。3.廢熱可利用。
1.不受進氣 CO影響 2.高溫反應,不需依賴觸煤的特殊作用。3.廢熱可利用。
1.需使用高純度氫氣做為燃料。 2.低腐蝕性及低溫較易選擇材料。
1.功率密度高,體積小,重量輕。 2.低腐蝕性及低溫,較易選擇材料。
優 點
對 CO2不敏感 1.可用空氣作氧化劑2.可用天然氣或甲烷 作燃料
1.可用空氣作氧化劑2.可用天然氣或甲烷作燃料
1.啟動快2.室溫常壓下工作
1. 壽命長2. 可用空氣作 氧化劑3. 室溫工作4. 功率大5. 啟動迅速6. 輸出功率可 隨意調整
缺 點
1.對 CO敏感2.工作溫度高3.成本高4.低於峰值功率輸出時性能下降
工作溫度較高 工作溫度過高 1.需以純氧作氧化劑2.成本高
1.對 CO非常敏感2.反應物需要加濕
電池內重組之可能性 可能 非常可能 非常可能 不可能 不可能
系統效率 40 % 50 % 50 % 40 % 40 %
用 途
1.汽電共生2.分散型發電3.離島地區發電4.移動式電源5.運輸工具之電源
1.汽電共生2.分散型發電3.取代大規模火力發電
1.汽電共生2.分散型發電3.取代中規模火力發電
1.太空船2.潛水艇
•小型發電機組•分散型發電•移動式電源•運輸工具之電源
Clean Energy, Green Island
Research Programs
• 電池堆設計 (Stack Design)
• 數值模擬 (Dynamics of SOFC System)
• 電池性能評估技巧 (Performance Evaluated Ability)
SOFC
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