••••••••• ~i •••••

I;";'~:I -,raa.w.l-~-~~U~'......-

~ Jt ~L;..:,JlS' :0J.9,)

~~~:~J

LS~~I.) ~ ~).) LSju <tALr. 01}.=:~~1~~ d)), <tAL ~T U"LI r. <tALr. (Y-I

).) , o~ (y-,J.j j,k U"""?.) r. ~ o~l.) ~ 0~ LSb.1 h..y 0 ~ 0~ LSI).)

~.~ ~ Af/<;/rr t)r' o~l.) ~)r'T LSj:) <tALr. LSI)~ ~ ~~ , ~

....:........;Io~)

~..u..o~: ~)

~)I ~~)lS' :F

0'>"':' <.Y..,..I.i j,k ~.)~ ~ o~b ~ 0~ .s~1 .h...,; 4S' u'.MA ~ '>"':';llS'""L)S' on.) lS'""}.) ••..•l;r.

.~} ~~ ~ ~I) ~r)\ L c:.......,1

.c:.......,IIr.)l1 (;)1 ~~ ~); ;.I <\...ol;r.<'y"1

. J....r. 0~1.) ....:-),...T .s:y-} <\...ol;r..sI},.;. ~~ ~ ..s::;T J..-o ~)b.... <\...ol;r.}.) ~ C" ~••

•

v..,.l....j .»),.......-0 r> 6~1.) ~j""T lS~) <L...ol.;.l' lSl)~ Mlrln t),.......-o ~ 6).)L..." lSl)

..)~ t~1 ~.r..:':' ..l..>1, ~ .0....v1 ~ ~) \.5""L..)l5' F »> ~..u..o ~ ~) \.5"").) o....ol.;.l'

~ \$4=!M)~ 0)';-;lj)) .:»..r"" ...hl~~ ~ ..u.) ~L:.;.)\5"' O))~ ~\j..l. )~ lS~j4 u ))~ :"-o...\Q.o

\$~j~ ~ \S"'.~ i~ lSU.~))~! '. \-.;....• \$U.O))~ ~jyT \$lA<l,o\j..l.~ ..L...)if)2; ~ .-::........I..r..~\j)s::;1

~\j..:r.JT V""I-I..I.01....-.;o~b ~ o~b ~ u~ lSl)y, .~)~ j~ ')~ JL...~ .J" '($""L...I

~\j..l. ~)...Lj '\$j-u ~\j..l. JIA:I)""';' ~~ ~jyT \$U.O))~)~ )2;...l:~) \$j:.)<l,o\j..l.ul)~1 \$)..i.fl)

~L:.;.)\5"' ~))~ ~l> 4.....\j..l..~I o~b)} ~Y- )l5' )~~ )~ I) I..S ,4 a>'; lSlA~) ~ )."ko ~ '~jy T

:~Y,if JoL.;. ..r..ju~ 4 I) ~JJo.o ~ ~)

:~~,~p-\:.-

) o..u. L.;.T ~ J.".....,I~ 0T 0..G1)..i.f~ ~b U' ~I \$Io))~ ~J-..~~)~) ($""L:.;.)\5"'~))~

)~ ~ 4.....bllSlr. U' lS~ ~ ,~jyTif I) t""';y ~ ~ (.S"")..I.)~.rU o~ lSl..I.ij'i lS~jyT

J4.:-0):- ~ ~~ C'::l:...,., u~) yL..... j>-)~.rU)~ ~)...l:\...;~~I J4.:-o u)~ ~ ~Ip' 1.;5'~ ~))~

.J:S' il-.l91

:~"~...)l~-r.-::........I)p C':: l:...,.,s .p)j; uL-;")~)\5"' lSl..I.~.r.-o 01~)j; ..::..-:.;)~ O))~ ~I ~I

:fU::U ~ , O...),~J~-r\$1)"""';'~~ ~ IJ"L>. ~).,....)~ U' ,-::........1~ J~)~ ~JJo.o ~~) ~) (.S""L:.;.)\5"'O))~ J):-

~J-..~~)..u.) u-L:.;.)l5' O))~ iL..l2.; ·..u.4..s-" ~Ij-il ~t; J~ ~ ,o~b L~ u~

I) o))~ ~I ,<l,o\j0~~ ~y) ~I) ~L.:.....I~~I) \$)2; V""))~0~1)..i.f 4 ~b .-::........I.p)j; -~jyT

.~L...)if 0~~ ~).;.. ~)~

:~...)~ ~llbw\>', c,; , ~,...w--t:-::""""I..r..ju)~ ~ ~I) YA ~JJo.o ~~)~) (.S""L:.;.)\5"'O))~ ($"")~ lSlA~l) j) ~I...w

ifl)1 .r ))~-t.-'

lS)~1 er))~ -t.-Y

•

, )l.:.:- -£'-r'

<\.At0LL-£.-£...~ -

\,,5.1. a..,j JJI J~ )~ ~ ; I) ~ I j~~ ~ u-) 4~b .$' .:.-1 .s~ If)~ ~IJ ~ :1f1)1 If J)~ -£.-'

...l:L..;1f ,,":"",~I

IfJ)~ ..Gly~ ~I~ -.s ..::.-.1Y)~ J.s~ IfJ)~ ~ J.s~ IfJ)~ jl.sl 4S- ~ :.s)1:=>-1IfJ)')-£'-y

IfJ)~ jl ...L>IJr' ..Gly-.s'"~b ,t....:..AI)~\.::....I~ u)~)~ ...l:L..;,,":"",~I.J:,Y.f JJ~ jl I) ~~ ~)I:=>-I

...l:L..;,,":"",~I~? ~J ....L.!.)1.5"'""t;.;.)5" .slA O)J~If J)~ .r..L...jl I) ~~ ~)I:=>-I

:)l.:.:- -£'-r'

~ ·...L...!.4~ jJ) ~ ~lk... 0~ jl t.J-Pye ~ ~I) J 1.5"'"")f. 0T t.r" ye J o~Y. 1f1)1)l.:.:- 0:1:')l.:.:-

~ ~L.j ~~J..c-)~)l.:.:- ...l:I}~ 0:.r..L...J ~b uL. ~ f. J o~b~I}I I) ~b ~ U)..li.$' .s~

.sI 4....At~T IfL...I f.~.JJo.A ~~) .sl?~ J....L.!.)1.5"'""l:...!.)5".slAO)J~0~~b)~ J o....L.!.~1)...:..s.L...

..:.-1 -.s"'1)1lA)l.:.:- 0:1U~)~...I.:-) ...lAI~o£ib ~ u~ .sI)"';' ~~ ~.$'

·....L.!.41f')l.:.:- x.;L.~I) ~Ir. ~ jl J o~Y..s)I:=>-I)l.:.:- 0:1:Y)l.:.:-

:<\.At0LL -£.-£.- .4....At0l:~ t.J-Pye ,,":"",Gs::;1)~ .~.r?~ i~1 i J~ J~ j~T )~ ;5"'1~ <\.At0~~ t.r" ye J t....:..AI)~\'::""I,,":"",~I

:~"';'If "="'" y .r..j u lS:.; ~ u-)·....L.!.46.A.o~ U~~) ~,.:.>l:...!.~)~ ~~)J'" C;' J t.r" ye -~I

·....L.!.4.s)JTY J Jjl; ~I)~ ~~)ye J>-ol) ~ ..; J)-,,":"",

:u~, e;1i ~U'';,~-OI~' -4A~ L.j I ~ 1...lA;.; J ~ ~) s> U""'"'-y.lJ ..::...:l..;.-. 0....L.!.")~o~ -0-'

)Y:S ~ Jj; uL........;';.; J 4A~b )~ ~ ~ .slA4 j )~ ~)~ -0- y

;~4 u~ <\.Abl.slf. J~L.T-o-r'

~4j)~c;~u~j>-0-£.

:~..>.NJ~~; "! ~,;, ~,~, ~,y:,-,,p,j; J 1.5"'""~'iP ~f .slA~) ~; J ~ 0L.jL...~I; ~lk...I.5"'""t;.;.)lS'6).)... 0~y' I)~-'-'

2

•

:~bwl' ~''''"'' , ~'joO-Vi~1 41>.r J::>~ ~.)::>.)p dj."..T ~ 0L.j\....-.>lAJ-lI.).,,:...::> J.!lk.. ~.;I.s""l:.,;..;lS" o.)J::>-'>::>J.)J0."..jT

.~l::-- .r..j JJ~ ..:....)~ ~ ~1.rP J ::>1."..O."..jT O::>y. -.>141>r ~ ..:....)~.)::>.::>.r.t 1.5"

.~ .to,.s ~~~ ~~, ~'¥l ~~.J, ~.~,~~~~j ,

, ~T~Y"' j~L.,li...:!,~jL.,'~'",r ,'~T U"")~) ~T ~r

(~T ~~ ~ ,~T ~)~ ~~~ .t.)1S'" ,

r (~jJi ~T ,r "~..>.NJ ~ U"")~) ~..>.NJ~ r, (~~~ ~~~ ,r ,'~~ U"")~) ~~~ f, (~~, ".~',rr,'~~~U"")~) ~~ ~ ~

,'~~,~~~~bulJ~f)~~.t.)1S'" ~ r•.(~'jJi J~)j>, ~ ~lE~ ,yT ~ J¥",r

.::>y' ..ul~ .r..j C.,r;. ~ 0T ~I.r "0.,,..jT0::>y' ($141>r J::>..:....)~.)::>

. ...\...!.l::-- ~~ JJ~ J.!lk.. J o...\...!. .;If f.~ 0L.j\.... .k.... y 4S' ..;-; -'>::>J.)Jo.".. jT :JJI 41>r

~ ,,' ~.J.....A.A ~ if J.)::>JoL!. 4S' ~.J..,...~ 8.) ~ ..by.r 4.S ,0,0>; if J.)::>jl ~.,;:.; O."..jT :i J::>41>ri~1 o~b.k....,., Y "JJI.......b-.r 0~ ...L..!. u.r..~1.5"\....1i~1 jl..r; 0."..jT -:r-I .~I -'>JL. '"';-!1.rP ~.Y~.J..,...

.::>.r.t 1.5"

3

w---.-- "---- 1-

0Lb-":Ao 0\s.\..... 1A..b-IJ ~I..w if)~ iL; ~~)

~ .sP ~ ~ .sP ~*y '..AA... • - 'fA 'fA - r r ci· '..AA... • ,

~ ~ ~~ ~

*y '..AA... • - 'fA 'fA - r r 6...:::.- y~ ~ J __

~l::~Y;

-J..AA....s~IJ

. ~J 1 - £.A £.A - r r '..AA... . ~ r~ - ~ ~ ~ -*J~y

- - ,7- ,7- - , , , t:.-...... 'f) -- , 7-. , 7-. - ,. ,.

~

)~ I) i j'l ,-;-,L,a.;..b- ~ J ...L.!.4 o,.t;I).K; i.S""L:..::.)\5"'O)J~ )~ I) if J)~ 0:1 ~b ~)~ )~ - ~,~ ~,.)~*-J1.r.- 0)~ ~ ifJ)~ 0:10,.t;1)..if • ...L.!.4 o~~ ~ (0yjT iJ~ 4i>.1"')...L.!.) i.S""L:..::.)\5"'O)J~ .s~J)J 0yjT

...:-.1ifl}

4

•

y O)W J,~

~)I ~lN!,)lS" O)'~ ~.J.AA ~ ~) *~)~I ~')~w\.b..-y..... wl&.L... ...b-IJ d):J i\,; ~:J)

~ ISP ~** ci· '...lA,.o • - £.A £.A

""oJ.? ~P ,~,.s ~

**'I' ....lA,.o • - £.A £.A""

~...lA,.olSL".M 'I't..s' ~

**ci· '...lA,.o • - £.A £.A""

~...lA,.o:Jly?""

~t..s' ~

**lS)9 JT ~ - £.A £.A r 'l'lS)9JT ~ f**"...lA,.o • - £.A £.A

""lSl .c-.A> • (;)t..s' ~ ~

**ci· ....lA,.o • - £.A £.A r '...lA,.o6:,.r.' • r~t..s' ~ t..s' -- ~

-'1.,,5' • 'G* * - £.A £.A r , i"':; 1.,,5'~ viY ~,.s.** . ~J I - fA fA

""'J~ . ~ A~ _ .rP y~ -

J~y:Jly?IS~)) £.A £.A

- r ~...lA,.o:Jly j\,; Q,)::>- L...j \,;* *

:JlY?lS~J) - £.A £.A r JJ-J...~ ,.** )\:>.L... j\,;

- - ,'\ " , 'I' L:...-. ") -£.Q,,\ £.Q,,\

"'" ~

) ..L,;.) ~L:;.)l5" er)):J jl I) 0.,Aj\...~~ ...b-I)"") JJ~ 0:, I jl I) 1S)l:=:>-1er" )):J jl ...b-IJr .,Ajl.k ~b*

.-L. L....;,-,1>.:,;1\...:.AI :J\:.....I..::..,A;I•..•L • , •..L".~ L... , •..1 -<::':J L_. ) ../ .~.... » r: •.•.r_

I) i j"~ ~\.,a..j ..l.>- ~ ) ..t.,;.~oJ.iI)~ LS"""L:...;.)l5"O)):J):J I) er )):J 0:,1~b ~).rP ):J - ~,~ ~".J~**

W).J--P "-! dJ):J ~I 0...L..i1)-lf,..L,;.~ 0:J""":';~ (0yjT i):J ~ r)..t.,;.) LS"""L:...;.)l5"O)):J IS:J))) 0yjT ):J

...:.......1~I)I ~I.r.-

5

--~------------.--. -_.-•

• -----

-

-6

~P :..b-IJ lYy . ...lot..o • "lj •

1...5' ~'J.~

~...lot..o ~ ~4-:J.P J J.,....,If. .kL.; J ~t:.;.T :j..I.A

: U"" J;) J..a.! .r:~4-.:..Sr'"r. J 0jJJ-Y ..lj~ 4J ~.". J~JJI ~J.P 40).4; 4o,.L;,~~ ~lA..lj.r.; 4u-:J\':;JJ~ J ~I J\.:>.\....

.1~) J ~ ~ 4~;.Ji JT ~ 40.r.--l.::;)J? ~~; ~ y"?1 4~ J ..lj.r.; : 0.r.""'l.::;)J? ~~;

.....;,y>- 4J:.J~ JJY. 4~}t ~~ ; U-:J\.:;~~ J ~ 4~I}t.d- ~4 j4 J ~I 4~1 J 0.r.--1~1 ~~IJ

.~...lot..o ~ ~j 4~ ~~; J lA

1. F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Sixth Ed. 1999.2. J.E. Huhey, Inorganic Chemistry, 1983.3. Purcell and Kotz, Inorganic Chemistry, 1977.

7

Ir----------------·~ ------- ----------_._ .. ----

t..SP :..t>IJ ciY'~ • "\...j •I..S ~ 'J"~

.~ ,,..1. ·'(""1 ~L:.,~ " ~ J 1 ..k.W' 'L:..;.T:~..u.I..S •.•••'t-'-' J .. Y'.T J "" .J-P J'. J I..S

:...,..J~ J.a.9 .r

.~ -=...':J~IJ ~ t..S1J'.~IJ .:».r: 0jti ~

t..SJjl ~ ~IJJ) t..SjL...JW~ljT t..SJjl ,~IJ .:».r: 0jti jl 0~\A::.....1~J~ -=...':J~IJ ~ ~~ ~-

.~IJ .:».r: J'.~ L.jT .k:=- J Jl.!J .db 't..SjL...Jw~J.;;T J ~I·..il ,(LFER ~ljT

h t..S~JJ ,(Flow Methods) ~-hl ~I.,....04? J.rS t..S~J) J.L;. ~IJ..:...s. .r" t..S?ojl,.l.;ll..5'.~ t..S~J)"

(Monitoring Methods) ~IJ ~ h 0~~ J~~ t..S~ J) (Relaxation Methods) ..::..:;s J'.

.~~ t..S~JJ J t..S? PJ~I ejl...wL.

J~ t..SlA~ ,t..SI.t,..jI,.l.;~~ t..SlA~ ~~I '~J ~ ~~ t..S~ J~ ~~I -=...':J~IJ ~-

J ~ ~~ ,~~I -=...':JlA.ci;1J ~ 0~? j:lL;\5' ,.k......IJ..L> -=...~ ; ~L. ,t..SI4,jI,.l.;~~ J t..S14,j1~~

.~ Cif' J ~ J ~ t..S~ J~~~I .:~':J~I

0J.r=>J1JLA::;It..S~~ ejl ,lA~ t..S~~ ,~~ t..S~ J~ ~l::>-IJ 0J':""'1~1 -=...':J~IJ ~-

v-SJ~J i~~~U' ~~I t..S~IJ s>: Other) Sphere Mechanism J Inner-Sphere Mechanism)

'0.r.-"l::~)? o~ J~~Y':"Y' t..SlA~ ~l::>-IJ 0.r.-"1~1 .,.1.;10';';'j:ll;\5'

0T~ \5' ('I « 1('." \.,ill L.....;. ..:..JW ~j:,:~ ."-. J'.J J ~ ~. "IS-". " r::-- J .r.:::"-'

1. F.Basolo & R.G. Pearson, "Mech. Oflnorg. Reactions. Wiley, N.Y. 1967.2. R.G.Wilkins, "the Study of Kinetics and Mechanism of Reactions of TrasitionMetal Complexes Allyn & Bacon, 1974.3. D.A. Johnson, "Some Thermodynamic Aspects of Inorg. Chem". 1986.

8

•

-

~j;.;:~I." UJ Cl . ~ J I··L.;·.Y"J'"~ _ y ..)_~

~J....a~ ~ ~.r..)\5' s Jyl .r..hl...; s .;t:...;.T :~..lA

:...r.)~~..r'"

NMR~~-'

EPR~~-'"

0\"1.).,, IR ~ ~-r'

UV-Vis~~-£.

(XPS, UPS) 0.,,~ly} ~ ~o

4.S" .r:- J ~ ~- '\

.).,,~jJ'"-v

: e::I..I'1. E. A. V. Ebsworth, D. W. H. Rankin, "Structural methosd in inorganicchemistry' " 1991.2. R. V. Parish, "NMR, NQR, EPR, and Mossbauer Spectroscopy" in InorganicChemistry' " 1990.3. A. K. Brisdon, "Inorganic Spectroscopy methods", 1998.

9

•

-

ci· '..u.... • "\..j •..r--:; (..S' ~ .J _~

oJP ~)2; ~~ ~.l.JI5" J r.SJ.P J.r"1 .I..kL; J ~L;. T :..j..lA

:U'"J~ ~ .r:

,~~ J->.r; ,U"'~I 'J->.r; :0).4;' J r.S1~ r.S\;t.oJP

'.}J\A; Jw.1 ?v ,0~ U'"~

'0T r.S\;t.~.l.JI5" J ...:,.,~ JJ~

'I,$,. ~ r.S\;t.~.l.J 15" J."SJ".. r.S4J ~J 1v=-: ~

,~~ J~ ~\>';';I~I; 'J."SJ".. r.SlA~

'J."SJ".. J~JJI ~)2; 'J~'? 01~ ~)2;

,0L.IJ J IR J~ ~ r.S~15" ) '~JJI- ~I 0...L,;.~

0J\A; J ~\;t.- ~)J ~JJ ~I;

:c:1r

'.J1A o~b ...:,.,1)..:.....:;1'iJ~ '"t4- "~ J~ .JJU; J 0J? ~)2; • ,3 J~t,;T .:.r.-- ,~..t:l&. J~ -,

.,rv~2. L. H. Hall, " Group Theory and Symmetry in Chemistry" , McGraw-Hill Book

Company, New York, 1969.3. F. A. Cotton, "Chemical Applications of Group Theory", 2nd Ed., John Wiley

and Sons, New York, 1971.

10

(.$~ :..1.>1) Uy ~JJ,.o ~ :j~~

~ JJ,.o (.$ lA.r-;1; ~.r.) l5' ) (.$).iS .r. ..kL; s .} L:.;.1:.j..v.

:<J" ))~ ~ .r:

~ JJ,.o .s lA.r-;1; :.r..y ~ .s~ )) s ~ 1t.I y 1s ~ JJ,.o (.$lA.r-;1; ...) .r-ouP1r>- ~ ~ .s I ~ JlA;.;1 ..hA; - -AI=-....?' - ~~- J ~.". i.r:- Cl:jy) ~JJ,.o .s lA.r-;1; .}\..... L:.;.

- (~~

~- ~jlA....j ~ ~ ~ r. ~j ~ ~ )ogjL.....~Iy- uP1.,..» )\::.>.L.....- Y; (.$~)) ~jlA.....,; ~

(1.·.·lA.....,; • I. .. lA.....,; «: I. LoJI:....... « lA - I. ·I~JI .. lA.....,;~) .r.: \,,5"; s ~) Y.r \,,5";- Cl: .r (.$ r-::"'-:- (.$r (.$4-::)

(IA~ .r.)l5'- JW (.$lA.r-;1;.". r .r.rs- uP1r .r.llil) ~' ~L....5'A- ~) ,~) -(''I . ...,1....>- (' . . I· I.:')L... I. 'L......;. ~\- .•. ).u. u. - I. I.:')L... I.

I..> .r'" v",,-- ~f.:' uP.r- ~. u--;!..S.. C .r-'"" .rr" (.$ r-::"'-: s ~. u--;

.(~~ ~ (.$») jS.;- ~~ ~ )\::.>.L- ~~ ~ )~ ~ f' (.$IA..I.iJ:; 0J'.:"""Lo)#

Jo u. (.$u..r-;1; •(.$.r-;1; r.L s ).,Al."...-~ Lo) ~- ) ~ ~ (.$lA.r-;1;- 0';""'; (.$lA.r-;1;) ~,M.. (.$lA.r-;1; .r. \.....

..J:z....I) ul;; (.$lA.r-;1; - e (.$I)~ (.$lA.r-;1;-i 2)1(.$I)~ (.$lA.r-;1;- )Y.

1. Ray, N.H., "Inorganic Polymers," Academics, New York, 1978.2. Zeldin, M. and Wynne, K.J. and Allcock, H.L., ACS Symposium Series, No. 360-(1978), ISBN 0-8412-1442-5 ~.

11

•

ci· ...to... • .. L; •.r::; IS' ~ .). ~

.}..to... .:ll.,...? iS~ J) Jyl f. ..kL; J ~\.;..;.T :0--U>

:iJ").:l ~ .r:

MSDS ..:..>-\.;..;. J o~ lojT ).:l ..;-o"Yw- -,

..l.o~-.:.JI>-iS~5"'IJ - Y

?IJ (~ ~(~ Y':".j.;- .)If->I r-- Jlo; J)~ ~15"'- ~I.r'''; J) ..l.o~w~ ; ~ J.SIJ (~I

intercalation iS~IJ (C ~jlf ~..l.o~iSlA

Aerosol ..1.:.:1) (C ~ CVT (~ ~CVD (~I ~iSjlf jt; jl ..l.ol>-.:ll.,...~-r

Solvol thermal ..1.:.:1) (C~Biomaterial (~ ~4 (~I ~4J~ J ~I.i. .:ll.,...jllA..l.o~~-£.

lA)Y:,J"?lo-»r:J.f-:.. (c ~aerogel (~ ~).:l o.,;b- wl)S (~I ~).:l o.,;b- .:ll.,...-0

lA,,-!':1~ 6.; (c ~~~-j\.; (~~lA)* j\.; J wl).)- j\.; (~I ~)~\.....-j\.; w~ ;-i

:e::I.J'"l.U. Schubert, N. Husing, "Synthesis of Inorganic Materals", Wiely - VCH, 2004.2. M. T. Weller, "Inorganic Materials Chemistry", Oxford University Press, 1995.3. C. N. R. Rao, "Chemical Approaches to Synthesis of Inorganic Materials",

JohnWiley, 1995.4. W. L. Jolly, "The Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Componds", 1970.

12

•

•

(.$p :.).;>.1-,ty·1•.JT •.. 1...;.<.Sr ~ .J.~

(.$;U JT ..:..l:$ j .).r.J\5' -'? <.S~ -'J J~I.r. ..kL...;s ~t:...;.T:j..u.

: U"" J') J.,aj .r"

(.$~) ..wr.; l: ~I-, <.SlA..w~ s lA--4J~ s 4l!JT ~~T ;U ~(.$;UJT (.$~ 1.5".rs- uP1.,.>

~~\5' jh s ~L.SI ~1;J1~)..wr.; l: ..w~ (.$~ ~..li~ ~~ (.$~I-, -' ~ ~~y...f

~-,..liJ~1 J ~-'.) ~ ~4J J ~I}I ~j..b.s <.S~~

~J-J~ -' ~l4:..o ~~ ~~ jU\5' ~<.S;uJT ..:..l:$ j ~ l.."t:...;. (.$I.r.~r.t <.S~ JJ jl o.)\A:....,1~J.....;...r.lt;\5'

~j (.$;U JT ~~;;-- ;U..li~ -' lA~.,.> ~<.S;UJT ~ (.$lA.).r.J\5'

1. John S. Thayer, "Organometallic Chemistry: An overview", VCH, 1988.2. c. Elschenbroich, A Salzer, "Organomettallics", Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1989.

.''('VA~~.r- ~ o~b ..:..1).':;1 ~.(.$;U JT ~. ~~~ (.$~ JJb ~..;:.~l&. J~-f

13

,------

~)2;:~IJU

, ...,w • "G •IS' ~ .)-~

,t'I...::......A • J....."I ..k1....; 'L:..;.T:j.uI,,;> ~.r..r. JIS'

:i..!"J);) ~.r

~~ '~;).f ~I ~~L...);)...::......A;)~ J;)~ ~ y:o:... tJ$' ~~L.jT J (.$Ps J~ JoL;,) (.$)JT;)~ J-v...tA..

(.$~YJ.i..I,~ ,~IJI) (U ,<\.i~ ~I i.?:' ~IJ ~~ (o~ J ~YJ.i..1 'rJ.i..1 ')~J.i..1 ~ ..:...I>~I ~..r.

;)..u. ~...::......At.~ ~Ir ...::......Alz...,Y ~~~~ ..:...I)~~ ..:...~L.jT ~ ~ Y ~~I...::......Aojl.,l;1U ~b... J ~

~ ~I?'I ~ ..:...~ L.jT ~ ~ Y ~ ...::......Ao..l:.A;)~ ..:...I)~)~ J i.?:' Cl:jy ~ h J ...::......A~ if.?:'

~ ~L:.A... ~~ J ~I '~ i...l&- ~I ;)..r.)\5' ~ ...::......A);) \.A~J~I ;)~ J ~~ i...l&- 'S"")..r. J ...::......Ao..l:.A;)

(~Iy";)I) )~~t; J )~~ ~\.A...::......A-...::......A);)~J;Y;)~ J J.),;) J ~;).f ~J;Y ~ ~ y:o:... tJ$' ~~L.jT

e:.e __ .e· .. .".-(.$u.~ ~~ ~~ ~ J ~ ~u.~);) ~~Jf.: ~ ~J;Y ~ ..:...1.;dVJ ~)~~ ~

(.$..tir-; (.$))1 r.::S"1y";)1) (.$\.A(.$.r: J r.::S"1y";)1)~l; ~\.A..l:.;,T}eyl ~)~ ~ ~ ~ ~ y ~)~ ~~ r.::S"1y";)1)

J ~I J 4.5"'" .?:' ;)1..u.1..:...I~ ~ ~ i .?:' ~\5' J ...::......A~..ti r-; (.$))1 ..:...1.;dV(.$\.A~ i.?:' ~\5' - ...::......A

(.$~ ~ ~ y ~ ~I~ (Fuston) ..:...>1$ ~ (Fission) ~~ jl ~t; (.$I...::......A~))I ~L.:.:...O)~);) ~ Y

(.$~IJ jI ~..r. O)~);) (.$~ .lfjT jl J..r. ~y ~h J (.$I...::......A(.$\.A)pl) O)~);) ~ ~y)~.io

~ ~\S"'): J~ ~h J ~\S"'):.._);) J ~~);) ~~t;~ f""l:&-? ~ ~I));) (.$I...::......A..:...>1$ r+"(4#y).t.:...J> o..l:.A;)~ ..:...I)~~Ij -~I...::......AJ.:,-;l::; (.$\.A~ ~ ~ y ~...::......A0~L... J (.$I~ (.$))1

J:--il::; ~ ~ ~T ~L4.. J 4# y J:--il::; ~ ~ ~ y ~...::......AJ>-b);) lfjT ~? ~;)ljT J ~~ jl

-:..-~ J ~I.t....:.)'J Cl:L. o)z.9 J..l,o iU:.;)\- (.$I~)' J.,L.- Cl:L. o)z.9 J.,L.- (.$I...::......A(.$4J..l,oIS.~ ..tir-; J lfjJ~1

(.$~I ~~ i~LS:. J ~I ~;)~ )~ ~ ~ ~I .r! ;)1) -:...Jv- .t.:...J>(.$..ti~ (.$J)II..S'.~ ~ Jy ) ~;))JT

(.$u. jl; ~~ J u. )'Yu..§' ,4#Y if .,..::il§' ;)I..u.\- ~ p4- ;)1..u.1J ~I.t....:.)'J..Lo ~ ~ Y ~ r.::S"1y";)1)

J.rs- ~ ,~T (.$)L.T~ J ~r.::S"Iy";)lr f""l:&-"",1.,>- ~;)y. ":"'JIA:.o~ ~ y J lfjT ..rJ) ~ ~J~I

J ..:...I)~(Detection) (.$jL...)~~T ~1.t.:...J>(.$~IJ ..kY.r ..:...l:-b... J Jy) J r.::S"1Y,.;)I)f""l:&-rs- p~

14

-,r----------~--. ---------- --_.-•

~ rs- ~- CH J-JJ.k......f o~ J (.S""\.:.!.;\::....~J:J ~~I rs- ~ ~.fJ.i..IJ~:JIJ :Jf.J\5'- ~I~ ~~l;

~~ ~ J:J ~.fJ.i..IJ~:JIJ :Jf.J\5'- ..r.=S'1y":JIJ.s.~J\....(")~JJ.k......f ~j o.? rs- J U""t.:..!.~j (,,)lA~') J

(,,)~ JJ JoU <L.:.~ ~ J:J i.S-~ y..:JIJ (j~U ~ U""l.....>~~ JJ :Jf.J\5' - .)J.su J JT ~ (,,)~IJ

~~ ~.r!ojl...G1 ~~JJ JoU~;:; ~ J:J ~.fJ.kIy":JIJ :Jf.JlS- J..,.5J.,.. J ~~ ~."fojl...lil

.o~ J ~ o:JWIJ) ~lA»~~ JL.:.;-(jy":J A:J

1. B.G. Harvey, "Introduction to Nuclear Physics and Chemistry,"2. A.Beiser, "Concepts of Modem Physics,"3. Priedlander, G., Kennedy, J.W., Miller, J.M. "Naclcar and Radiochemistry."4. H.A.G. Mckay, "Princles of Radiochemistry."

15

,. ti> 1

~

•

• ~. A

~. ,... S j!:9 ~. o..J~ ~ .... .. ..

ci· ....\..v •.. t..; •~ IS' ~ .J _ u-::;

'.AA,..6... ~ • J I ~ 'L:..:;.T :~..l.l>IS' u.rz: ~ y y! ) IS'

:...,..J~ J...aS.r"

:~ ..s~1 JI:>L-'

r! ..sJ).r" ,~.AA,..~ J~ ~ ul)1 '..sI..:......AJI:>L...,~I..sl..JI:>L... ~JY'J~A~)f-) 61..r..~..s~)J

,~I ~ ,jJ..l.JL.,.,-J-IJ 'j~.,.s s J , J 'j~§' ,~I ..s)~y! J.M ,f) d ..s4J~J)1~~ s ~J~ <f'ly

o ,-;-,l:>.;:; I ~I;)0J~

:4....1)ul).t..s~ -y

s ~ ).f'lA ,u'";A..::.,~T ~ l::.i) ~\::""""I) ~4~ .,.t - 04 ul~1 , ,y L.;y 0J:"""l::~J? ) ~ y".;....1

..sl....?IJ~'§J)I).,,;lf y- ~l,;t (,.)~I}\~ ~)~I ~ 'J~Y'I.r."'" (,.)~ ,o~.r.f y!J~ (,.)l....l.J~

J~Y' JL.::::J)I..s~ ~ r! .r: ..sJ)r" 'J~ JLA:;\..sl....l.J4'~~)~\ ..s~.r" ,~T ub-~\) o\5'IJ

..})J '..sj-li ~T u~; s 0~L....0J::-""l::~J? J~..Lir.; (,.)Ir!J~Y' JL.::::J)\..})J r! (")J)r"'~

.(,.)1 4.ulj ~\..!.~

:~~~\Y'~-f

,f) do)? (")j-li u~; ~~ ,~L:A....s~))~ ~T ))j- ~~,- IJ~'..sIo~y ~L:A.. <f'lyo..s~~.d-<f'1.,.>-4~.AA,..~IY',~)~I C;L:..,.:. ..sly!..s~IY''~~\)) ,(,.)~l..Jj (,.)l..~I.r"

:~ 4....1).r"'\.:.&.~ -£.

'.r-li- j-li..Lir.; ,J)\..sr-".r"'\.:.&. ~ u)U;... u~ 'i"""""")i)~ ~~J 4....\).r"'\.:.&. ~~ U)lA:....sl..~

,J..L:..Sl::>-1<f'ly (,.)jL...I~, ~L...\':"!':l..~\:j)l ,~~T ~)~I) ~~T ~).fA 'fo- ~\ (,.)1~.y u~;

16

• -------------------_.-

Post-~~ '~r-~lA~T J ~jt.....l~ , lA..I:-il:.i~~ ~~ ,J61:>1 U"'1'p-:lA~1 '';J~I ~

actinide

1. Introduction to Ligand Field Theory, Figgis.2. Molecular Orbital Theory "C-J. Ballhausen, H-D. Gray".3. Magnetism and Transition Metal complexes.

17

I

•

81

r;)~ { ~ s::' trlS"' ~ ~

r!...,090 ~(rt<~ 1~(tr C'0 ~ 11~./ ~o (i;;(l tr ~O,.51(tr C'~ ~S"' 1f'.tr ~o ( i;;(l tr ~o i-, ~10

SI;.:d C'i-:'\7: ~r ~ ~ ~~ SI:.'".,s"'l1~'-'0' {Mr <:-rS1-r'"(C'~,.r.r $''' tr("..-S"l ~

-4~~~0 trlS"' ~~, ((I9"!'\~""'" %~ ;:f'(S"' SI:.'".,s"'l(~(~

~ .;:..f"', ~ "IS"' ..rit'1 ;.,~ ~S"' ~ .;:..f"', ~ "IS"' ..rit'1 ;.,~ ~S"' -4~ ~ !'r0' ~ O"'p .51-i' ~ 'flS1? ? ?

...,~0 ~.?' ~~ .c .:E': ~ ~ f,;;; c -n<r:"' 101 ~~S"' r-rC"(S1, ~ 'flS"' ~ ( ~ 'flS1

4j-+)S1 -f' ("lr.O!)f ("lr.o ~0' 4j-+)S1 ~ ,(rS1 (fl;;;~~, f,;;; ~ ~, r!...,090 ~(rt<~

r-er ~!1~ tr ~ f,;;;(f $-Ir' ~(oC'( ~ (~'l i('"'" f,~ -:c'l~ ~ ,:r{o ~ 5"'7'~'

fl~ ~~ ('!)C''tr ~~: O'V)C'\""'!)C''tr ~~ tr,S1 ~ ,(~S"" .-;'fP "'!I'( -:c'l.,.nr-r1S1 ~(o C'( ~, ~(S1

~ ,~{o ~ s::' ~, ~ itC'0 '!)C''tr r::"~' O'V)C'\""~(C'~ ~ iYrS1 tr,S"' ~ ~(o C'( ~10~:=f

O'V)C'\""rt<"J ~(C'~ C'( ~ iYr: O'V)C'\""~(C'~ tr,S1 ~(o 1~1C"'r !1;;;•.•"J, ~S1 i§..r, ~C''tr r::"~'

i~S1 •.•"J ((('9" !'\~: is::' rt<"J:1'.,.S"'l~,,:-7\(is::' •.•"J,.-.r ~ $(0' (,rz:p. C'(tr(S1

iYrS"'

"IC'1((S1 rif' ~~~, ~!'\9 ~~, f'.$,(.S1 (~"'i:'"f"f,f0 ~ f"(~S"'..r j:S"".::.:r ~ ~S1....-,

.-.rri C'(,..('l:

'4'\~: ,';"":'\(1 ( !'19" tr lc:M"r ¥ f.=" ~ SI:.'" J"- - c- .,s"l".:;...,S"l ,..('..,.(' J~ ...-,., » ,.-

r!l (I-<r: ~S"'

!Wr,C'(,-<r:~

,,,:;Jrt fi H~ cl ~

'.sI o\..Ulj ..::5.r ojl-til .slA.fJ..s. vPl> .r.,.:Ili.J vPl> c:}; '-SI o)~ J.:I ~ ~ ~ ?.r ..::5.r 0.:1.? I~

J.wu) J J.>-.r;-'~ .rr-s;5.r -slfjl..l:-o).:I ,-;-,~I..u-I; '-S?.r -SlAJ~ ..:.-;..::5.r 0)4).:1~ ~

,~~ -slAJ~ .:»s 0J~1 ..::5.r ,~I J.:I -s~.fiJ .r

~ ).:1.:Iljl 0J.r=5JI ~ .::....S .r ,~ ~l.:.i.. 01..l:-o~ ).:1~ ~ 01..l:-o~ .:»a 0J~1 ~ ..::5.r

oI.]:>..b"::")..b 4 ~ l.:.i..01..l:-o

I.S. Gasiorowicz; "Quantum Physics"; 1974.2.1.J. Sakurai; "Modem Quantum Mechanics"; 1985.3.B.H. Brandson, C.J. Joachain; "Physics of Atoms and Molecules"; 1984.

19

\(, . > r ' . !

"':';g:;;;

L

(.$~ :...1.>1) UJ C'I - ~ J 1 :-L:..!..wY"Y ~ . .J-P ) •...•

J~ Y ~~ J.J-PI.r. ..kW ) ~L:..!.T:~..I.A

(~L... 0' ) :er ))~ ~ .r:

1- ~~~?~) l.S~b'~?~ ~.; '))4 (J~)f 'J~Y ~~ J.J-PI

2_"Fundamental of Molecular Spectroscopy, "Banwell3_"Molecular Spectroscopy" Levine

20

~p :..b-IJ tj

Jl:>L....jt ~I..,..r-~~JJ :I' ..~~...u..~I..,..jt ~..I.Jl5'J ~J? J.r"1 ..I..kL; J .)l;..;.T :j...I.A

l.Feldheim, D.L.; Foss, C.A.; "Metal Nanoparticles, Synthesis, Characterization and

Application", 2004.

2.Reich, S., et al.; "Carbon Nanotubes", 2004.

3. Yang, P.; "The Chemistry ofNanostructured Materials", 2003.

4.Jena, P.; Khanna, S.N.; Rao, B.K.; "Cluster and Nano-assemblies",2005.

21

•

Jj-~~'

tS)a; :~IJ tjl::>-\.....'1.,;.)1 ,-' dL '. : 'L.:...:...,J Y Y' .r+" ~ 'i"'"" JJ J _ _.

Jj - ~ ~ .).r.JlS"J c$J.? J.r"1 J.r"1 .r. ..kL; J .;\.:.,;,1 :~..u.

( le, '- e», J""""" ~ c$ J.."..

1.C.J.Brinker; G.W.Scherer; "Sol-Gel Science"; Accademic Press; 1990.

2.D.C.Bradley; R.C.Mehrotra; I.P.Rothwell; A.Singh; " Alkoxo and Aryloxo

Derivatives of Metals" ; Accademic Press; 2001.

3. C. Jeffrey Brinker; George W. Scherer ; "Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and

Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing"; 1990.

4. John D. Wright; Nico A.J.M. Sommerdijk; "Sol-Gel Materials: Chemistry and

Application"; 2000.

22

•