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井井 井井 (KEK) 共共共共共共共共共 (KEK)

井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

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Page 1: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

井岡 邦仁  (KEK)

共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK)

Page 2: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

Adriani+ 08

Positron excess above the predicted secondary

ExpectedSecondary

PositronExcess

⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter? - Astrophysical?

⇒ Many papers >400

Jul 06 - Feb 08151672 e-, 9430 e+

Solar modulation

Page 3: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

An Excess also in (e++e-) Spectrum

Abdo+ 09

ATIC/PPB-BETSPeak+Cutoff~600GeV DM?

FermiSmooth E-3

No peakAug 08 – Jan 094M e-

Page 4: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

Aharonian+ 09

◉Consistent with Fermi◉No ATIC peak(but not rule out)◉Steep at >1TeV

Primary sources

有効面積大5×104 m2 @1TeV~8.5×107 m2 sr s (2004-2007)

Page 5: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

視野・台数増 ⇒ 有効面積大 ⇒ より高エネルギー

計画 帯域(GeV)

E/E e/pExposure(m2 sr s)

CTA2013~

10~15,000

?? ~103-4?~109

(1 yr)

AMS-022010~

1~1,000~2.5%@100 GeV

~104

(×102 by TRD)

3×106

(1 yr)

CALET2013~

1~10,000~2%

(>100 GeV)

~105 4×106

(1 yr)

注 : シミュレーションで proton background の評価⇒ E~15% 不定性 ⇒ w/ LHCf ?

Page 6: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

(proton)~1eV/cm3

~ 超新星残骸

(electron)~10-2eV/cm3

(positron)~10-3eV/cm3

~ 0.1% of p起源が不明ガンマ線、電波0903.1987

-2.7

Page 7: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

ee±± cooling coolingWe are here

Positron sourced<~1kpc

Our galaxy

e± lose energy (cool) via inverse Compton and synchroton

cut ~1

bt, b =

4σ Tc

3 mc 2( )

2

B2

8π+Uγ

⎝ ⎜

⎠ ⎟

Page 8: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

Annihilation Decay

DM

DM

e

e

e

DM

Q ~ n2

Ecut ~ mDM

<v>~3x10-24cm3/s >3x10-26cm3/s boost factor ~100

Q ~ nEcut ~ mDM/2decay~1026sec (>H-1)

郡さんのトーク

Page 9: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

Shen 70; Aharonian+ 95; Atoyan et al. 95; Chi+ 96; Zhang & Cheng 01; Grimani 07; Yuksel+ 08;Buesching+ 08; Hooper+ 08; Profumo 08; Malyshev+ 09; Grasso+ 09Kawanaka, KI & Nojiri 09;

Shen & Berkey 68; Pohl & Esposito 98; Kobayashi+ 04; Shaviv+ 09; Hu+ 09; Fujita+KI 09; Blasi 09; Blasi & Serpico 09; Mertsch & Sarkar 09;Biermann+ 09

PropagationDelahaye+ 08; Cowsik & Burch 09

Heinz & Sunyaev 02

KI 08GRB

SNR Pulsar

10-3 x 1050erg/SN~ (1sec pulsar)/SN~ 1050erg/103SN

Cosmic-ray Nuclei energy

Proton Comtami.Fazely+ 09; Schubnell 09

QSO

Page 10: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

e

ee d

dE

e

2e

Power-law Spectrum

B

Burst-like injection

Page 11: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

f =q0εe

−α

π 3 2ddiff3

1−btεe( )α −2e− d d diff( )

2

ddiff t,εe( ) ~ 2 K εe( )t[ ]1 2

b ~ 10−16GeV-1s−1

K εe( ) ~ 5.8 ×1028cm2s−1 1+εe

4GeV

⎝ ⎜

⎠ ⎟

1 3

∂∂tf t,εe,x( ) =K εe( )∇ 2 f +

∂εebεe

2 f[ ] + q t,εe,x( )

For a single burst with

Atoyan+ 95, Shen 70

eq

cut ~1

bt

Power law spectrum

DiffusionEnergy loss byIC & synchro.

Injection

← B/C ratio

Page 12: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

d=1kpc

(a)0.9d50 erg2d5 yr=2.5(b) Harder0.8d50 erg5.6d5 yr=1.8(c) Older3d50 erg3d6 yr=1.8

We can fit the PAMELA data well

KI 08

Page 13: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

ATIC/PPB-BETS & Fermi/HESSd=1kpc

(a)0.9d50 erg2d5 yr=2.5(b) Harder0.8d50 erg5.6d5 yr=1.8(c) Older3d50 erg3d6 yr=1.8KI 08

Page 14: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

Due to cooling

tcool ∝εe−1

Independentof initial max

ATIC peakHESS cutoff

KI 08

Page 15: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

200

spindown0/1

)( t

ELtQ tot

000

4ln exp

4ln )(

tE

tQ tot

2

2

0

2

32/30 exp1

)(),(

diff

t

ediff

ee r

rtb

r

tQtdtF

0

Case 1: pulsar-type decay

Case 2: exponential decay

0

Page 16: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

Cutoff width cut

t~105yre-t decay

t~105yrt-2 decay

t~104yrt-2 decayKawanaka+ 09

Cutoff width

CTA

Page 17: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

Kobayashi+ 04

CTA

現在見えているとは限らない。 t<104-5yr

Page 18: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

分散

CTA

tcool~105yr @TeVtSN~105yr @<kpc

Kawanaka+ 09

Page 19: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

A single source A relatively large anisotropy⇒

max

minmax

minmax

~@ 2

3~

3

ect

d

cf

fK

II

II

KI 08; Mao & Shen 72

ChallengingDM clump

Fermi~6×106 erg sr sCTA~109 erg sr s

Page 20: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

Fujita, Kohri, Yamazaki, KI 09Blasi+ 09Anti-proton

fraction

SNR model:pp → → e+,e-

(w/ ISM/DC)

Inevitably ⇒ anti-proton

excess above~100 GeV

⇒ AMS-02

Page 21: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

Colin+ 09

e-, e+, , anti-pMoon shadowの位置が異なる⇒ 分離可能

CTA: 150GeV~3TeVdetection<5hr

月の散乱光がbackground

Page 22: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

Mertsch and Sarkar 09

Hadronic models Secondary Nuclei Excesses⇒

Titanium-to-iron ratio Boron-to-carbon ratio

Z=22 Z=5

Page 23: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

Z~7-40 with Z/Z~5% for 10~1000TeV

Fe

CTA

PHYS-WP-heavy nuclei

balloon/space shower

Page 24: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

Source #~100

1-10TeV e ⇒ IC ⇒ ~TeV

観測から電子ソースE>1048erg~0.5 Crab@2kpc

Page 25: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

Fmin( 電子ソース )@ 20kpc

N R∝ 2 F∝ -1

閉じ込め~105yr

点源(カロリメトリック)⇔ 柴田さん: diffuse

Page 26: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

N R∝ 2 F∝ -1

閉じ込め~10 4 yr

閉じ込め中エネルギーが大きい場合

Diffusioncoefficientなどにもよる

~PSR J1826-1334

Page 27: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

電子・陽電子宇宙線の起源 Astrophysical? Dark Matter?

直接観測は今後進展有効面積:  CTA >> AMS-02, CALET⇒ >TeV: Discreteness, Injection History 非等方性 : Single or Multiple pbar, Heavy: Hadronic or Leptonic

TeV電子ソース ⇒  TeVガンマ線ソース 閉じ込め時間は短い ? or DM? サーベイ、広がったソース

Page 28: 井岡 邦仁 (KEK) 共同研究者: 川中宣太 (KEK). Adriani+ 08 Positron excess above the predicted secondary Expected Secondary Positron Excess ⇒ Primary sources - Dark matter?

PHYS-WP 計 23人

Dark Matter / Fund. Physics

6

EBL / Cosmology 6

AGNs 9

CR / Clusters / Starbursts 8

MQ / Binaries 3

CR / SNRs / Mol. Clouds 11

PWNe 3

Pulsars / Glob. Clusters 3

MW / Transients / GRBs 7

Surveys / Sub-arrays 1

Extended / Diffuse Srcs. 4

Intensity Interferometry 0

DC Light / CR composition 1

◉ まずは、論文を書くときCTAについて議論◉  CTA-Japanは後発◉ 長期的には組織的に力を合わせたほうがいい◉ アイデアが必要- 論文を全員に回覧- CTA-Japan Paperを重要なものに関しては書くTask A, Bの日本版- …