2009 10 26

.

2009. 10.

:

: 2009. 4. 27. - 2009. 10. 26.

:

: ()

()

: ()

1

< >

1 1

1. , 1

1.1 1

1.2 1

1.3 1

2. 2

2.1 2

2.2 3

3. 6

2 9

1. 9

1.1 9

1.2 9

1.3 12

1.4 17

1.5 21

2. 23

2.1 23

2.2 26

3. 30

3.1 30

3.2 34

3.3 37

2

3 41

1. 41

1.1 41

1.2 42

2. 46

2.1 46

2.2 54

2.3 57

3. 68

3.1 Needs 68

3.2 70

3.3 Seeds 77

4. 83

4.1 83

4.2 88

4.3 100

5. 103

5.1 103

5.2 105

5.3 110

5.4 117

5.5 R&D 121

6. 126

6.1 126

6.2 135

4 147

3

1. 147

1.1 147

1.2 152

1.3 166

2. 169

2.1 169

2.2 178

2.3 191

3. 194

3.1 194

3.2 198

3.3 218

3.4 225

5 FTA 231

1. 231

1.1 , 231

1.2 232

1.3 245

1.4 249

2. FTA 250

2.1 2009 FTA 250

2.2 -EU FTA () 252

6 259

1. 259

1.1 259

1.2 261

4

2. 262

2.1 262

2.2 277

3. SWOT 284

7 285

1. 285

1.1 285

1.2 290

2. 292

2.1 292

2.2 301

2.3 304

309

313

5

3

10

11

, 15

16

(HS Code) 16

21

21

22

25

27

43

, 44

2006 45

47

48

49

51

53

55

56

58

60

3 () 60

62

3 () 62

6

66

66

67

67

DP/Martensite 71

89

91

97

99

100

104

2008 105

106

106

107

107

107

107

5 109

5 109

110

111

111

111

112

112

OEM 112

113

113

114

7

114

114

115

116

116

5 116

5 116

117

118

118

118

119

119

119

120

120

120

121

121

2008 R&D 122

5 122

122

123

123

124

124

124

125

125

126

8

127

127

128

128

128

128

129

130

131

132

132

133

133

134

134

134

135

136

137

138

139

139

140

140

140

143

144

145

146

9

148

150

2008 151

2007 153

155

2007 155

2007 155

157

2007 157

2007 157

159

2007 159

2007 159

161

2007 161

2007 161

163

2007 163

2007 163

165

2007 165

2007 165

(2005) 168

171

173

, 174

176

177

MF 188

MF 189

10

MF 190

191

193

199

1 199

200

201

226

/ 232

234

240

241

242

243

244

247

247

248

248

2008 2009 250

2009 RTA 251

EU 254

2008 EU 254

2008 255

EU 256

260

261

276

283

11

[ 1-1] 5

[ 2-1] 13

[ 2-2] 14

[ 2-3] [ 2-3] 3 18

[ 2-4] 20

[ 2-5] 25

[ 2-6] 26

[ 2-7] 37

[ 3-1] () 46

[ 3-2] () 48

[ 3-3] () 50

[ 3-4] 52

[ 3-5] 2008 52

[ 3-6] 55

[ 3-7] 56

[ 3-8] 57

[ 3-9] 59

[ 3-10] 61

[ 3-11] 2008 63

[ 3-12] () 63

[ 3-13] 2008 65

[ 3-14] () 65

[ 3-15] 65

[ 3-16] 68

[ 3-17] 69

[ 3-18] Body Structure 71

12

[ 3-19] 71

[ 3-20] 73

[ 3-21] 77

[ 3-22] 78

[ 3-23] 79

[ 3-24] 80

[ 3-25] 81

[ 3-26] 81

[ 3-27] 82

[ 3-28] 82

[ 3-29] 92

[ 3-30] 95

[ 3-31] 142

[ 3-32] 143

[ 3-33] 143

[ 3-34] 145

[ 3-35] 145

[ 4-1] () 147

[ 4-2] 2008 149

[ 4-3] 2007 () 152

[ 4-4] 2007 154

[ 4-5] 156

[ 4-6] 158

[ 4-7] 160

[ 4-8] 162

[ 4-9] 164

[ 4-10] 167

[ 4-11] 170

[ 4-12] , 170

13

[ 4-13] 2 172

[ 4-14] 2 172

[ 4-15] 175

[ 4-16] 2 176

[ 4-17] MF 186

[ 4-18] MF 187

[ 4-19] 192

[ 4-20] 220

[ 4-21] (: ) 226

[ 5-1] / 231

[ 5-2] 233

[ 5-3] 233

[ 5-4] 235

[ 5-5] 236

[ 5-6] 236

[ 5-7] 237

[ 5-8] 237

[ 5-9] 237

[ 5-10] 237

[ 5-11] 239

[ 5-12] 239

[ 5-13] 246

[ 6-1] 263

[ 6-2] 265

[ 6-3] 268

[ 6-4] 270

[ 6-5] 272

[ 6-6] 273

14

[ 6-7] 275

[ 6-8] 2015 275

[ 6-9] 280

[ 6-10] 281

[ 6-11] 282

[ 6-12] 2015 283

15

1

1.1 :

1.2

, ,

,

.

,

.

1.3

, ,

1.4

: ,

,

:

16

:

:

1.5

, ,

, , , ,

, (JFMA), (TAMI) /

[ 1]

17

2

2.1

(ram) (slide) ,

2

, (tandem) (transfer)

, (progressive)

- , , 4

, , .

- , (), ,

, , ,

, ,

( )

, ,

, , , ,

,

-

- ,

(Free Motion)

18

2.2

, , , , ( )

//

1.23,

0.89, 2.38

2.3

, 2007

20.2% 10,139 1

2007 226 ( 2,098 )

( 763 )) 1,335

, 2004 4 20%

, , , ,

19

2.4

,

-

-

, ,

2.5

, 2009 2010

, (

20

)

, ,

, ,

,

3

3.1

1,000 3

,

-

21.5%('06 )

2007 20.2%

1

21

,

[ 2]

[ 3]

2006 2 2007

7,271 226 ( 2,098 ) ,

22

2,844 82 ( 763 ) 144

.

[ 4]

[ 5]

2008 59.3%

1

23

3.2

.

,

-

,

Al,

Mg,

. Seeds

Net Shape

5

1.

2. -

3. -

4.

5. - [ 6]

24

3.3

, ,

, ,

,

,

, ,

.

()

,

3.4

:

6

.

2008 : 1 2 100

1000 1, 100 3

2008 285%

400%

25

2008 707%6,700% 2,998%

73%210% 116%

5 50%

R&D 0.91.4% R&D

.

69% 26%, 5%

2040% 72%

7080% 50%

57%

30% . A/S

ISO

.

- 5 3

3

.

26

431 43%,

25%, 21%, 10%

- 2

1

,

-

3

5 . 2 ,

(67%) 5,

. R&D

,

2008 R&D 100

19 .

50%

6

79% ,

38%

,

27

- 5 R&D 21 19, 2

.

- 67% ,

40%

,

.

, 3 43%, 5

43%

10%

, 50%

31% 1, 22%

2, (21%), (19%), (5%), (2%) ,

- ,

,

-

, ,

- ,

28

2007 2

,

(39%)

22% 2 ,

22%,

20%, 17%, 15%

.

.

(38%),

(14%), R&D( 12%), (10%),

(7%)

,

5

41%, 25%,

17%

-

,

29

- , ,

.

PDM

33% , (57%)

- ,

-

,

-

3.5

30

.

. ,

[ 7]

[ 8]

.

.

, , ,

31

.

,

, ,

[ 9]

.

,

80%

,

32

[ 10]

4

4.1

20%

2008 220

- 2000

45% ,

17% , 3

-

, 2 ,

-

,

2008 9.4% 20.6 , 4

-

7% ,

33

[ 11] 2008

[ 12] 2007 ( )

, , , ,

, , , , ,

-

56

- '02 1 2005 1

34

2008 57

- 2008 3

6 , 24

- BRICs

,

[ 13]

, , , , , .

- 1

, ,

, , ,

- ,

35

- ,

- BRICs

7%

50%

4.2

.

150 ,

103( 73, 21) ()

,

90%

[ 14] ,

36

2003 10%

2007 2,130 , 2008

- , 23

40%

- 2005 , , ,

, , 56%, 32%, 52%, 129%,

70%

.

WIN-WIN

- . Key Word

-

, Product

- (

)

37

- ,

, ,

Needs

Seeds

4.3

.

Net shape

,

- , : ,

, , , , ,

- : ,

, , ,

, ,

,

Compact , , , ,

, , ,

- :

, ,

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(, ) ,

38

LCA(Life Cycle Accessment) , In line

- : 1

- : , ,

, (multi-process)

- : , , ,

,

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) , ,

- : ,

, 24 ( ,

)

- : ,

- :

- :

- : Silent

, Dry Emission free ,

, , Maintenance free

- IT : ,

Idle time , ,

Tryout

39

- : , , , Single

micron, Nano level

- : Dry

- : : , , , ,

, Glass

. MF

MF ,

JFMA , MF

,

( )

,

, , , ,

, , ,

JFMA MF

4.4

.

,

40

,

2002 1

3

20%

,

,

,

.

2005 100 (109

) 1/5

, , , (),

- ,

,

,

CNC

41

, ,

.

, , ,

,

,

,

,

-

,

- .

-

- , ,

,

.

3 ,

1215 90%

42

- , , , , ,

,

. , ,

,

-

5~10

(/ ) 200300

8500 50,00070,000

( Refresh )

4.5

.

(2006~2010)

,

CNC 2010

NC 50%

60% CNC

CNC 75%

: 11 5

CNC 3

43

CNC

CNC

.

2

.

,

,

,

,

- -

44

5 FTA

5.1

, 1

- 2008 2007

,

, 1/51/4

-

[ 15] /

63%

- 4 164

64% , (35 , 14%), (16

, 6%), (13 , 5%) .

12 (5%) , 2008

45

5 9.4%

- ,

[ 16]

[ 17]

,

,

46

- 70% ,

30%

- 96% , , ,

12%

- ,

, 1990

[ 18]

5.2 FTA

. FTA

,

FTA , ,

47

- 2009 14 2008 8

2008 5 13

18 . , 11

14

FTA , FTA

2009

- 2008 19.7% 2009 20.0%, 2008 83.2%

2009 86.3% FTA

- 2009 1 1 , -CAFTA-DR( 5

) FTA , 2 1 FTA

34.6% 0.6%p .

. -EU FTA ()

EU FTA

, -EU FTA

-EU FTA 2003 8 FTA ,

EU FTA , 2009 7

- 5 ,

3, 5

EU ,

NC ,

48

- 2008 0.506 ,

-EU FTA

, EU

6

6.1

7(6 ) 2006

,

,

- , , , ,

,

- , , ,

- , ,

, ,

- , ,

,

49

, , ,

-

, ,

- ,

A/S

6.2

.

,

6070% ,

67%

83% 17%.

100 ,

158%, 113% .

50

[ 19]

.

ISO9001

GB1 GB2

-

1%

, 100%

, 66% 90%

-

51

[ 20]

.

.

- ,

10

OEM ,

C, H

,

, ,

61%

88%

70%

- 2006 2015 93%

52

- ,

.

, ,

- ()

,

, ,

- ,

100

68% 88%

.

43%

, 25%, 21%, 10%

-

-

12%

53

, (), , A/S,

- A/S 1,000

- ( 2530)

,

,

100

69%, 85%

.

, , .

10%

- A/S

A/S

ISO

A/S

A/S

- A/S

A/S

100%

70% 87%

54

-

.

, ,

1, 2 3 .

, , ,

.

,

[ 21]

. ,

55

2

-

,

,

6.3

.

,

12%

,

,

-

-

.

56

(R&D)

23%

66% 85% .

/ /

[ 22]

.

- ,

,

ISO9001 ,

57

/ ,

,

.

,

, ,

,

,

- ,

[ 23]

58

6.4 SWOT

H ,

,

(//) 3D ,

, FEM , , , ,

,

3D

() , ,

, , IT ,

( )

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-

-

,

59

7

7.1

, , , ,

,

,

,

,

,

,

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,

BRICs

, , , ,

,

60

,

,

-

,

7.2

2002 20%

,

10%

,

,

.

( , )

(, , , , , )

,

, , , ,

, Compact

- 100500 kW

61

-

. Seeds

7.3

.

1)

- ,

,

,

-

62

,

,

-

,

-

,

90%

- MF Tokyo 2009(2009 10 14-17)

-

-

-

-

63

2)

- kW

400500kW

- ,

50%

- FANUC

,

- (50kW, 100kW, 400kW)

(50kW)

-

,

-

3)

64

-

-

( MF )

- MF ,

JFMA , MF

-

- : 70%

- ,

-

,

-

, , , ,

- ,

, () 3 Win-Win

65

4)

-

,

,

-

- , ,

Needs Seeds

-

, ,

,

-

Seeds , /

-

66

-

Seeds

.

1)

(, )

,

,

2)

, ,

67

,

,

,

,

.

1)

-

,

68

- , ,

Compact ,

-

2)

-

,

.

-

,

, ,

- , , -

1 1

1

1. ,

1.1

, ,

,

1.2

,

,

1

,

1.3

, ,

- HS Code 6 8462.198462.99

1 2

2.

2.1

. ,

- , ,

-

. ,

-

-

() 2007 :

1 3

.

-

2.2

.

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()

()

()

()SIMPAC

()

: 5, 1, 1

1 4

,

,

.

:

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,

-

,

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-

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- : 13 6( 7)

1 5

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- :

- : 2007

.

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[ 1-1]

1 6

3.

7

[1] , ,

[2]

,

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[3]

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,

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,

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1 7

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,

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,

-

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FTA

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,

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FTA

[6]

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1 8

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[7]

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-

2 9

2

1.

1.1

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2

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.

-

()

,

(tandem) (transfer) ,

(progressive)

1.2

-

,

2 10

- , , 3 ,

,

- ,

, ,

(cutting) (shearing) (blanking) (piercing) (trimming) (notching) (shaving) (fine blanking)

V-(V vending) U-(U vending) Z-(Z vending) O-(O vending) (heming) (joggling) (seaming)

(stamping)

(bulging) (expanding) (burring) (dimpling)

(curling) ((flanging)

(nosing) (flaring) (expanding)

(coining) (sizing) (embossing) (beading) (upsetting) (extrusion) (forging)

(bend joining) (flange joining) (press joining)

2 11

-

,

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1

2 1

1( 1)

1

( )

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.

2 12

1.3

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C H

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2 13

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- (Knuckle joint press)

,

- (Link press)

,

,

- (Friction press)

[ 2-1]

2 14

[ 2-2]

C, H,

-

,

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-

- ,

2 15

,

10

1,000mm long stroke

End

,

6,000() 11,000() 50,000 Ton 4,000

.

(292), (2921),

(29213) .

2 16

(292)

(2921)

(29213)

, ( , ,

, ,

)

: ( )

.

(Harmonized Commodity Description

and Coding System) HS Code

6 8462.108463.90 , 10

(HS Code)

HS Code

8462.10.1000

,8462.10.9000

8462.21.1090 ,,

8462.29.1090 ,,

8462.31.0000

,

8462.39.0000

8462.41.1000

8462.41.2000

8462.49.1000

8462.49.2000

-( )

2 17

HS Code

8462.91.1000 ( 100 )

8462.91.2000 (100300 )

8462.91.3000 (3001000 )

8462.91.4000 ( 1000 )

8462.99.1010 ( 30)

8462.99.1020 (30 100 )

8462.99.1030 (100 300 )

8462.99.1040 (300 600 )

8462.99.1050 (600 1500 )

8462.99.1090

8462.99.9000

,

8463.10.0000

8463.20.0000

8463.30.0000

8463.90.0000

: (2005)

1.4

.

,

-

- 1

, 1

2 18

- mm

,

[ 2-3] 3

.

- (stroke length, mm)

- (number of stroke, SPM) 1

- (die height, mm)

- (slide adjustment, mm)

2 19

(main motor : kWP) : , ,

(power take device) :

(hydraulic overload protector) :

,

0.01

(lubrication device) :

,

,

(die cushion : Ton) : (option)

(photo beam sensor device) :

(knock out device) :

(rotary cam limit switch) :

, 1,

(balance cylinder) : con-rod, slide

2 20

.

(tandem line) :

, 1 1

.

(transfer press) : 1 2

( 45 )

,

stacker

.

(progressive press) :

1 2 ,

1 .

,

(a) (b)

[ 2-4]

(die spotting press) : ,

,

2 21

1.5

( )

, ,

(Crank shaft)

()

&

(Clutch & Break)

(Slide, Ram)

(Slide adjustment)

,

(Bolster)

T , ,

,

(Frame)

, , , ,

(power unit)

(control unit)

(ram)

2 22

,

-

- ,

(Free Motion)

CNC

CNC

, ,

2 23

2.

2.1

.

.

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IT

.

,

- (600)

- (1500 )

.

, ,

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,

2 24

-

, , ,

IT

IT

-

.

,

-

: , , ,

: , , ,

1.23,

0.89, 2.38

- , , ,

.

-

1 2.38

100

238

2 25

1.08 1.01 1.131.23

0.961.10 1.23

0.85

1.36

0.86 0.901.02

0.59

0.94

2.09 1.972.19

2.38

1.862.13

2.39

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

[ 2-5]

() 0.915 0.959 1.774

() 0.879 0.585 1.705

() 1.068 1.035 2.073

1.075 0.851 2.085

1.014 1.36 1.967

1.129 0.86 2.19

1.227 0.896 2.381

0.957 1.015 1.857

1.099 0.592 2.133

1.232 0.937 2.39

() 0.909 0.847 1.764

() 0.887 1.031 1.721

: 2007 ()

2 26

2.2

.

-

- , ,

,

- 90%,

70%

-

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009(1-8)

.

[ 2-6]

2 27

( : )

2005 2006 2007 20082009

(1-8) 2,730 2,496 2,833 3,323 1,458 ( ) -8.6 13.5 17.3 -45.4 - 1,978 1,223 1,410 1,098 446 ( ) -38.2 15.4 -22.2 -51.7 () 72 49 49.8 33 30.6 - 331 213 230 210 185 ( ) -35.8 8.1 -8.5 1.6 () 12.1 8.5 8.1 6.3 12.7 - 94 607 493 1,572 620 ( ) 544.1 -18.8 219 -48.8 () 3.5 24.3 17.4 47.3 42.5

)

:

.

2008

21,944 1,489 6.8%

5

- 2007 225.8 82.1

143.7

,

-

,

70%

-

.

2 28

70%

,

-

-

-

.

, ,

- ,

.

- 2007

20.2% 10,139 1

- 2007 7,271 226( 2,098)

(2,844 82( 763)) 1,335

.

- 2004 4 20%

2 29

, , ,

,

-

, ,

90

- 3 1

100

- , , , ,

-

-

2 30

3.

3.1

.

,

-

,

- ,

,

,

-

- (net

shape manufacturing) , ,

- 300

,

2 31

-

.

5,400( 2,400- 1,000 3 )

.

-

-

-

-

,

2 32

-

,

-

BMW

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-

-

- ,

,

.

- ,

2 33

-

-

,

, ,

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-

,

. ,

,

-

,

-

2 34

3.2

.

, 2009 2010

- 2009

- 2009 2008 10%

, (

)

- 2~3 LCD/PDP

, ,

, ,

- 2009 , , , ,

(, ), ,

,

2 35

- BUY CHINA'

,

-

,

,

.

. SIMPAC

-

- , ,

2 36

LG

- ,

3

-

-

-

,

, ,

-

.

-

-

2 37

3.3

.

2008 (METAL WORKING

Insiders Report) 39

2

- 2001 1 , 2 3

, 2002 1 (20 2130, 24.4%), 2

(15 1030, 18.2%), 3 (7 8650, 9.5%)

3.9% 7 6550( 9.2%) 4

- 2008 1(41, 18.7%)

2(39, 18.2%) 3(38

, 17%) . 21( 9.4%) 4

15( 6.8%)

2002 2008

[ 2-7]

- 2000

2 38

-

.

-

,

,

, ,

-

.

1990

2004 30%

-

,

1960 NIES(, ,

)

. 1990 NIES

, 2000

, FTA

.

2005 112 , 2010 180

. , ,

2 39

, , , , TV,

VTR, DVD , , .

.

, .

1

1/3

-

- 2000 ,

3 41

3

1.

1.1

1950

,

2007

20.2% 1139 1

- 1998

2003 4,339

2000 2

- , , 2007

10,139 , 9,660,

479 95.3%

- 2008 ,

2009

- 21.5%('06 )

50%

2006 2 2007

3 42

7,271 226( 2,098) ,

2,844 82( 763) 144

- 2008 19.3% 2.7

6.8 211

- 2004 4 20%

- 2007 33.3% 82

2008 16.1%

69

, Conventional Press

,

- CO2

, ,

1.2

1,000 3

,

-

3 43

() ,

(), ,

, , ,

()

() , , , ,

(), ,

, , ,

() , ,

() , ,

()

()

()

()

(),

,

()

()

HTM, ,

,

,

, ,

, ,

, ,

()

()

3 44

1960 3, 1970 9,

1980 3, 1990 4, 2000 2

1970 30

,

()1) 1964

()2) 1976

()3) 1973

()4) 1973

()5) 1961

() 1968

() 2004

() 1970

() 1994

()

() 1970

() 1975

() 1973

() 1977

HTM 1998

1976

1994

1982

1985

() 1987

() 1998

1) 1964 1979 1999 ->

2002 ()-> 2007 ()

2) 1976 () ->2000 ()->2009 8 ()

3) 1973 -> 1975

4) 1973 -> 1989 () -> 2001 ()

5) 1961 -1979 ->1991 ()

3 45

2

- 2006

58.8% ,

- 2

.

-

,

.

95% .

2006

( : ,%)

() ()

0.0 9,550 100.0 9,550 1.1

34.6 10,636 5.4 186,307 94.6 196,943 23.3

7,563 8.8 77,911 91.2 85,474 10.1

8,467 18.2 38,134 81.8 46,601 5.5

58.8 0.0 27,916 100.0 27,916 3.3

8,118 1.9 413,509 98.1 421,627 50.0

5,056 18.6 22,066 81.4 27,122 3.2

5.9 0.0 22,533 100.0 22,533 2.7

0.7

4,530 77.4 1,326 22.6 5,856 0.7

44,370 5.3 799,252 94.7 843,622 100 100

: (. )

3 46

2.

2.1

.

1980 50

1990 2000

- 2007 208

5 10

. ,

- 1989 7.9%

, 2%

- 80 ,

40%

[ 3-1] ()

3 47

(:)

(%)

1984 8,674 2,814 239 146 1.7% 5.2% 61.1%

1985 9,457 3,090 297 192 2.0% 6.2% 64.6%

1986 11,174 3,783 405 249 2.2% 6.6% 61.5%

1987 12,778 4,333 512 322 2.5% 7.4% 62.9%

1988 14,890 6,069 673 410 2.8% 6.8% 60.9%

1989 17,179 5,912 789 470 2.7% 7.9% 59.6%

1990 18,708 7,858 822 465 2.5% 5.9% 56.6%

1991 20,931 8,759 701 356 1.7% 4.1% 50.8%

1992 22,453 9,302 705 365 1.6% 3.9% 51.8%

1993 27,886 11,246 797 403 1.4% 3.6% 50.6%

1994 29,336 11,582 811 394 1.3% 3.4% 48.6%

1995 31,963 12,408 834 380 1.2% 3.1% 45.6%

1996 33,453 12,916 771 343 1.0% 2.7% 44.5%

1997 31,932 12,275 679 319 1.0% 2.6% 47.0%

1998 26,770 10,281 549 252 0.9% 2.5% 45.9%

1999 31,216 11,786 718 328 1.1% 2.8% 45.7%

2000 34,102 12,984 758 342 1.0% 2.6% 45.1%

2001 37,187 13,777 674 286 0.8% 2.1% 42.4%

2002 39,325 14,364 674 311 0.8% 2.2% 46.1%

2003 41,396 15,067 749 342 0.8% 2.3% 45.7%

2004 42,668 15,339 769 347 0.8% 2.3% 45.1%

2005 44,414 14,999 785 336 0.8% 2.2% 42.8%

2006 45,664 15,317 833 348 0.8% 2.3% 41.8%

2007 47,415 15,789 469 208 0.4% 1.3% 44.3%

) 2007 5

10

: 2008, 2007

3 48

.

10

20 66%

.

-

,

[ 3-2] ()

10-1920-49

50-99

100-199

200-499

500

138 59 8 3 (2) 208(2)

() 66.3% 28.4% 3.8% 1.5% 100%

284 142 31 8 2 2 469

() 60.6% 30.3% 6.6% 1.7% 0.4% 0.4%

1989(11,293) 2001

(3,950) 10 4,604 (5

5000 )

3 49

- 1/3

.

(:)

(%)

1984 425,995 114,604 8,212 4,113 1.0% 3.6% 50.1%

1985 462,058 124,284 9,013 4,752 1.0% 3.8% 52.7%

1986 545,265 149,854 12,250 6,315 1.2% 4.2% 51.6%

1987 639,238 172,930 15,493 8496 1.3% 4.9% 54.8%

1988 686,867 192,266 20,764 10,193 1.5% 5.3% 49.1%

1989 742,597 207,335 23,986 11,293 1.5% 5.4% 47.1%

1990 754,789 257,508 23,518 10,541 1.4% 4.1% 44.8%

1991 774,066 268,372 19,238 7,254 0.9% 2.7% 37.7%

1992 764,671 259,550 17,772 7,223 0.9% 2.8% 40.6%

1993 833,226 278,522 18,623 7,833 0.9% 2.8% 42.1%

1994 884,471 293,613 19,619 7,459 0.8% 2.5% 38.0%

1995 918,896 301,127 18,560 7,078 0.8% 2.4% 38.1%

1996 952,614 305,515 15,729 5,800 0.6% 1.9% 36.9%

1997 890,016 286,311 15,406 5,118 0.6% 1.8% 33.2%

1998 747,547 234,768 12,116 4,460 0.6% 1.9% 36.8%

1999 815,291 255,468 13,405 4,605 0.6% 1.8% 34.4%

2000 869,702 279,844 13,378 4,776 0.5% 1.7% 35.7%

2001 875,373 282,321 12,212 3,950 0.5% 1.4% 32.3%

2002 908,028 289,388 12,212 3,950 0.4% 1.4% 32.3%

2003 948,965 304,917 13,741 4,374 0.5% 1.4% 31.8%

2004 1,002,302 313,095 14,401 4,867 0.5% 1.6% 33.8%

2005 1,050,397 290,849 14,843 4,778 0.5% 1.6% 32.2%

2006 1,083,887 298,013 15,379 4,991 0.5% 1.7% 32.5%

2007 1,116,082 309,106 13,628 4,604 0.4% 1.5% 33.8%

) 2007 5 10

: 2008, 2007

3 50

.

2005 1

2007 1 5,275

- 1984 738

,

.

- 2%

.

- 1988 49% ,

1/3 .

2000 2004

,

1,500 .

[ 3-3] ()

3 51

(:)

(%)

1984 110,142 26,640 1,733 738 0.7% 2.8% 42.6%

1985 124,935 30,579 1,840 711 0.6% 2.3% 38.6%

1986 170,116 43,615 3,204 1,360 0.8% 3.1% 42.4%

1987 232,825 56,324 4,811 1,877 0.8% 3.3% 39.0%

1988 285,103 73,770 7,192 3,528 1.2% 4.8% 49.1%

1989 350,189 88,348 8,297 3,407 1.0% 3.9% 41.1%

1990 458,243 139,066 10,397 4,540 1.0% 3.3% 43.7%

1991 538,067 176,892 9,586 2,835 0.5% 1.6% 29.6%

1992 585,638 178,663 7,565 3,031 0.5% 1.7% 40.1%

1993 670,575 200,785 9,452 3,763 0.6% 1.9% 39.8%

1994 828,451 245,821 13,522 4,326 0.5% 1.8% 32.0%

1995 1,011,674 309,243 14,630 4,593 0.5% 1.5% 31.4%

1996 1,180,498 345,513 15,335 4,549 0.4% 1.3% 29.7%

1997 1,238,370 354,929 13,795 5,284 0.4% 1.5% 38.3%

1998 978,405 278,380 12,328 3,834 0.4% 1.4% 31.1%

1999 1,225,739 328,752 13,479 4,891 0.4% 1.5% 36.3%

2000 1,459,997 424,139 19,421 5,921 0.4% 1.4% 30.5%

2001 1,587,893 446,727 17,592 5,413 0.3% 1.2% 30.8%

2002 1,764,383 519,215 19,612 6,656 0.4% 1.3% 33.9%

2003 1,924,449 581,769 24,151 8,758 0.5% 1.5% 36.3%

2004 2,260,822 670,675 28,239 9,819 0.4% 1.5% 34.8%

2005 2,509,768 737,111 35,959 10,946 0.4% 1.5% 30.4%

2006 2,667,261 713,887 39,271 12,786 0.5% 1.8% 32.6%

2007 2,900,384 678,992 44,738 15,275 0.5% 2.2% 34.1%

) 2007 5

10

: 2008, 2007

3 52

.

( )

, 10%

- 1997 1998

(34,366, 70%) 2008 332,252

(208) 13

20%

[ 3-4]

[ 3-5] 2008

3 53

2008 , 10

- 12

() (%)

1990 462,307 60,506 13.0

1991 494085 84985 6.9 40.5

1992 377,563 40,696 -23.6 -52.1

1993 524,393 54,730 38.9 34.5

1994 694,513 52,317 32.4 -4.4

1995 857,173 73,102 23.4 39.7

1996 1,049,136 107,069 22.4 46.5

1997 896,587 114,272 -14.5 6.7

1998 765,023 34366 -14.7 -69.9

1999 1,072,949 126,388 40.4 267.8

2000 1,244,625 153,610 16.0 21.5

2001 1,115,920 121,588 -10.3 -20.8

2002 1,321,531 219,529 18.6 80.6

2003 1,475,698 222,791 11.7 1.5

2004 1,702,503 224,809 15.4 0.9

2005 2,095,095 273,091 23.1 21.5

2006 2,340,767 249,572 11.7 -8.6

2007 2,449,219 283,251 4.6 13.5

2008 2,711,071 332,252 10.7 17.3

1 220,818 31,505 27.3

2 209,021 29,123 1.6

3 236,128 30,120 -5.5

4 258,093 25,663 40.6

5 266,498 42,941 36.1

6 264,200 32,465 29.3

7 268,691 29,247 41.5

8 220,308 46,026 6.1

9 239,653 22,093 34.6

10 206,865 21,821 -4.2

11 170,165 15,352 -34.1

12 150,631 5,896 -19.3

)

:

3 54

2.2

2007

1 66% ,

- 1998 1200 32%

, 20% 2007 1

(1130) 2/3 , .

- 1999 846( 55%)

2004 315

2007 4.7%

- , 1999 684(45%)

2007 9,660 1

,

,

- 2005

- 2005 ,

.

LCD

- 2005 2006, 2008

.

3 55

[ 3-6]

( : ,%)

1998 383,424 57,802 47.8 63,172 52.2 120,974 32

1999 489,120 84,597 55.3 68,431 44.7 153,028 31 27.6 26.5

2000 592,143 42,232 20.7 161,827 79.3 204,059 34 21.1 33.3

2001 541,331 37,310 12.8 254,120 87.2 291,430 54 -8.6 42.8

2002 665,620 40,279 10.5 344,856 89.5 385,135 58 23.0 32.2

2003 875,815 33,044 7.6 400,872 92.4 433,916 50 31.6 12.7

2004 981,940 31,488 5.9 500,884 94.1 532,372 54 12.1 22.7

2005 1,094,599 36,528 5.6 616,073 94.4 652,601 60 11.5 22.6

2006 1,278,630 44,370 5.3 799,252 94.7 843,622 66 16.8 29.3

2007 1,527,203 47,913 4.7 966,033 95.3 1,013,946 66 19.4 20.2

: (. )

3 56

[ 3-7]

( : ,%)

2005 2006 2007 2008

1. / 7,285 20,398 180.0 15,800 -22.5 6,000 -62.0 1.8

2. 1,015 0 -100.0 305 739 142.3 0.2

3. 11,636 12,998 11.7 17,115 31.7 15,931 -6.9 4.8

4. 33,140 21,276 -35.8 22,993 8.1 21,047 -8.5 6.3

5. 197,784 122,252 -38.2 141,034 15.4 109,793 -22.2 33

6. 8,695 6,430 -26.0 30,143 368.8 16,901 -43.9 5.1

7. 753 200 -73.4 0 -100.0 0 0

8. 3,358 5,310 58.1 6,574 23.8 4,600 -30.0 1.4

9. 0 0 0 0 0

10. 9,425 60,708 544.1 49,287 -18.8 157,241 219.0 47.3

11. 0 0 0 0 0

12. 0 0 0 0 0

1~12. 273,091 249,572 -8.6 283,251 13.5 332,252 17.3 100

249,399 162,946 -34.7 209,375 28.5 230,852 10.3

834,025 785,926 -5.8 508,540 -35.3 850,638 67.3

) :

3 57

2.3

.

2001

- 1980 10%

.

, ,

- 1990

- 2000 2001

20% 24% , 441

[ 3-8]

3 58

(:)

(%)

1984 9,353 1,006 25 1 0.0% 0.1% 4.0%

1985 8,750 1,223 25 2 0.0% 0.2% 8.0%

1986 12,396 1,664 30 3 0.0% 0.2% 10.0%

1987 18,843 2,771 40 5 0.0% 0.2% 12.5%

1988 11,893 2,773 57 6 0.1% 0.2% 10.5%

1989 10,961 2,779 80 9 0.1% 0.3% 11.3%

1990 10,926 2,762 87 19 0.2% 0.7% 21.8%

1991 11,727 3,301 97 29 0.2% 0.9% 29.9%

1992 13,974 3,878 110 29 0.2% 0.7% 26.4%

1993 18,068 4,572 110 40 0.2% 0.9% 36.4%

1994 22,102 6,158 184 66 0.3% 1.1% 35.9%

1995 32,043 8,189 334 85 0.3% 1.0% 25.4%

1996 32,315 9,064 478 123 0.4% 1.4% 25.7%

1997 32,245 9,383 347 102 0.3% 1.1% 29.4%

1998 29,980 8,395 517 75 0.3% 0.9% 14.5%

1999 31,174 9,236 385 98 0.3% 1.1% 25.5%

2000 36,803 11,325 458 102 0.3% 0.9% 22.3%

2001 36,321 11,086 410 42 0.1% 0.4% 10.2%

2002 39,902 12,502 415 91 0.2% 0.7% 21.9%

2003 50,717 15,377 673 157 0.3% 1.0% 23.3%

2004 67,930 19,299 962 242 0.4% 1.3% 25.2%

2005 82,204 21,898 1,157 292 0.4% 1.3% 25.2%

2006 117,954 25,313 1,602 381 0.3% 1.5% 23.8%

2007 115,427 30,617 1,816 441 0.4% 1.4% 24.3%

: ( 09 2)

3 59

.

2007 66%,

53%

- 21

,

1215%

3 2008 24.3%

1

- 2007 95

( 42.3%)

- 2004 2 2005

2008 2

- , , , ,

.

[ 3-9]

3 60

( : ,%)

(%)

(%)

1999 385,377 98,486 49,288 12.8 50.0

2000 458,242 102,255 60,186 22.1 13.1 58.9

2001 410,964 72,026 43,172 -28.3 10.5 59.9

2002 415,648 91,881 46,219 7.1 11.1 50.3

2003 673,341 157,344 81,843 77.1 12.2 52.0

2004 962,516 242,621 120,136 46.8 12.5 49.5

2005 1,157,010 292,074 155,748 29.6 13.5 53.3

2006 1,601,884 371,961 204,585 31.4 12.8 55.0

2007 1,816,329 441,368 225,832 10.4 12.4 51.2

2008 1,909,847 505,665 269,484 19.3 14.1 53.3

) 2007 ()

: ()

3 ()

( : )

1 2 3

2003 39,062 11,608 3,567

2004 59,522 15,075 6,462

2005 68,723 21,609 18,564

2006 78,969 3,417 2,545

2007 95,282 32,463 6,096

2008 65,512 42,223 35,687

: ()

3 61

.

2007 82 33.3%

2008 16.1% 69

- 1999

, .

- 5%

, 25-30% , 1/2

. .

[ 3-10]

3 2008 59.3%

1

- 2003 43( 78%), 2004

36(61%), 2005 38(54), 2006 41

(66%), 2007 51(62%) 2003

3 62

.

- 2007 2

2 ,

( : ,%)

(%)

(%)

1999 616,206 84,816 31,703 5.1 37.4

2000 1,178,149 144,887 37,211 17.4 3.2 25.7

2001 931,443 131,102 32,448 -12.8 3.5 24.8

2002 788,584 116,129 37,627 16.0 4.8 32.4

2003 1,425,357 183,439 54,933 46.0 3.9 29.9

2004 1,658,889 191,615 59,436 8.2 3.6 31.0

2005 2,069,825 234,137 70,101 17.9 3.4 29.9

2006 2,579,071 245,355 61,567 -12.2 2.4 25.1

2007 1,350,647 312,836 82,092 33.3 6.1 26.2

2008 1,334,483 292,889 68,866 -16.1 5.2 23.5

) 2007 ()

: ()

3 ()

( : )

1 2 3

2003 42,974 4,407 1,778

2004 36,486 14,532 2,932

2005 38,201 15,398 4,069

2006 40,642 4,534 4,056

2007 51,307 11,618 4,920

2008 40,857 6,309 4,998

: ()

3 63

.

HS , 100600

2004

, 300600

[ 3-11] 2008

[ 3-12] ()

-

- 2008 600

3 64

41

- 100300 300

600 600

- 100300 1,000

.

-

300

.

2008 HS ,

54% . , 1,000

22.4% 3001000

14.2% .

-

, ,

- 30100 12%

, 100300 7% . 30

600 .

2006 1 (143) 2007

144, 2008 201 ,

- ,

, 30100

- , 30

100

3 65

[ 3-13] 2008

[ 3-14] ()

[ 3-15]

3 66

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

8462 91 10 0 (100 ) 7,497 7,759 8,063 6,077 9,366

8462 91 20 0 (100300) 7,159 4,585 7,970 3,744 8,897

8462 91 30 0 (3001000) 2,178 2,009 4,455 3,877 5,055

8462 91 40 0 (1,000 ) 7,712 20,149 3,209 25,245 6,928

8462 99 10 10 (30 ) 2,529 4,241 2,240 3,070 1,421

8462 99 10 20 (30100) 6,273 7,355 5,709 6,741 4,663

8462 99 10 30 (100300) 13,834 17,982 27,377 23,002 24,420

8462 99 10 40 (300600) 6,446 20,230 22,063 26,631 38,969

8462 99 10 50 (6001500) 15,665 11,194 20,481 10,859 40,619

8462 99 10 90 19,642 13,373 32,920 36,538 59,094

8462 99 90 0 31,201 46,871 70,098 80,048 70,052

120,136 155,748 204,585 225,832 269,484

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

8462 91 10 0 (100 ) 2,637 3,520 3,224 5,593 3,903

8462 91 20 0 (100300) 1,122 5,527 1,384 4,047 4,977

8462 91 30 0 (3001000) 5,625 8,137 6,771 6,988 7,313

8462 91 40 0 (1000 ) 12,266 3,364 3,703 13,867 11,487

8462 99 10 10 (30 ) 2,415 2,239 1,457 2,927 1,387

8462 99 10 20 (30100) 3,704 7,015 5,448 6,760 6,099

8462 99 10 30 (100300) 2,942 6,991 6,158 6,635 3,443

8462 99 10 40 (300600) 95 2,961 1,893 1,738 1,257

8462 99 10 50 (6001500) 642 3,215 2,291 763 1,731

8462 99 10 90 8,492 5,070 7,629 9,988 9,745

8462 99 90 0 19,496 22,062 21,609 22,786 17,524

59,436 70,101 61,567 82,092 68,866

3 67

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

8462 91 10 0 (100 ) 4,860 4,239 4,839 484 5,463

8462 91 20 0 (100300) 6,037 -942 6,586 -303 3,920

8462 91 30 0 (3001000) -3,447 -6,128 -2,316 -3,111 -2,258

8462 91 40 0 (1000 ) -4,554 16,785 -494 11,378 -4,559

8462 99 10 10 (30 ) 114 2,002 783 143 34

8462 99 10 20 (30100) 2,569 340 261 -19 -1,436

8462 99 10 30 (100300) 10,892 10,991 21,219 16,367 20,977

8462 99 10 40 (300600) 6,351 17,269 20,170 24,893 37,712

8462 99 10 50 (6001500) 15,023 7,979 18,190 10,096 38,888

8462 99 10 90 11,150 8,303 25,291 26,550 49,349

8462 99 90 0 11,705 24,809 48,489 57,262 52,528

60,700 85,647 143,018 143,740 200,618

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

8462 91 10 0 (100 ) -12.8 14.2 -90.0 1028.7

8462 91 20 0 (100300) -115.6 -799.2 -104.6 -1393.7

8462 91 30 0 (3001000) 77.8 -62.2 34.3 -27.4

8462 91 40 0 (1000 ) -468.6 -102.9 -2403.2 -140.1

8462 99 10 10 (30 ) 1,656.1 -60.9 -81.7 -76.2

8462 99 10 20 (30100) -86.8 -23.2 -107.3 7,457.9

8462 99 10 30 (100300) 0.9 93.1 -22.9 28.2

8462 99 10 40 (300600) 171.9 16.8 23.4 51.5

8462 99 10 50 (6001500) -46.9 128.0 -44.5 285.2

8462 99 10 90 -25.5 204.6 5.0 85.9

8462 99 90 0 112.0 95.4 18.1 -8.3

41.1 67.0 0.5 39.6

3 68

3.

3.1 Needs

.

,

, , ,

[ 3-16]

-

.

, 150kg

,

250kg

- ,

3 69

-

,

.

GI/GA GI/GA

GI/GA GI/GA GI/GA GI/GA

[ 3-17]

.

Al,

Mg, ,

-

,

40%

, , ,

- 20~30%

3 70

, ,

, ,

1~2

,

,

35

2

3.2

.

- 70%

- 1980 10%, 1994

25% 60%

3 71

-

LowCarbon

Mart,12%

1990 1990 2006~2006~ 2010 2010

10 %

[ 3-18] Body Structure

DP/Martensite

Grand AM

(92)

Epsilon

(04)

Lambda

(07)

10~

(Project)

Low Carbon 95 % 41 % 11 % 10 %

Conventional HSS 5 % 47 % 67 % 33 %

AHSSDP - 12 % 14 % 45 %

Martensite - - 8 % 12 %

Yield Strength(MPa)200 400 600

ISOTROPICISOTROPICYS-SteelYS-Steel

Yield Strength(MPa)200 400 600

ISOTROPICISOTROPICYS-SteelYS-Steel

Yield Strength(MPa)200 400 600

ISOTROPICISOTROPICISOTROPICISOTROPICYS-SteelYS-SteelYS-SteelYS-Steel

Elongation (%)

980CP780CP

1180CPCP-steelCP-steel980CP

780CP

1180CP980CP

780CP

1180CPCP-steelCP-steel

UnderDevelopment50

40

30

20

10

0

50

40

30

20

10

0 400 600 800 1000 1200400 600 800 1000 1200

Tensile Strength(MPa)

590DP,TR780DP,TRIP

980DP

490DP Advanced HSSAdvanced HSS590DP,TR

780DP,TRIP980DP

490DP590DP,TR

780DP,TRIP980DP

490DP Advanced HSSAdvanced HSSAdvanced HSSAdvanced HSS

590C

310E

440E

340BH390BH

340R440R390R

340E390E340S

390S220Y

420Y380Y

340Y260Y220I

260I 440C

SF-HSSSF-HSSBH-SteelBH-Steel

IF-HSSIF-HSS

ISOTROPICISOTROPIC

YS-SteelYS-SteelPH-SteelPH-Steel 590C

310E

440E

340BH390BH

340R440R390R

340E390E340S

390S220Y

420Y380Y

340Y260Y220I

260I 440C

SF-HSSSF-HSSBH-SteelBH-Steel

IF-HSSIF-HSS

ISOTROPICISOTROPIC

YS-SteelYS-SteelPH-SteelPH-Steel

[ 3-19]

3 72

Al

-

C N Ti Nb

IF(Interstitial Free)

- TB(Tailor welded blank) ,

- (Bake Hardening)

,

- IF

GA

390MPa 440MPa

10 ,

-

440MPa 590MPa

, , DP(Dual

Phase)

-

780, 980

1180MPa .

3 73

- 980MPa

, GA

.

TRIP(Transformation Induced Plasticity)

GA

-

.

(Hot pressing)

[ 3-20]

440MPa

- ,

,

540MPa 590MPa DP 780MPa

3 74

,

. Pb-Sn

Al, Sn-Zn Zn+Ni

2

- .

. Al

.

(BHF)

.

. ,

3%

- ,

3 75

2005 2001 75% 65

, 15% 20%, 5% 10%

1999 1 118kg() 2009 156kg

() ,

15%

.

- , ,

,

,

, , ,

- ,

, 2001 Marubeni Mayking Tanaka

Fuji Engineering

-

-

.

3 76

1 8%,

- , ,

, , ,

,

GFRP(Glass

Fiber Reinforced Plastics), CFRP(Carbon Fiber

Reinforced Plastics)

- CFRP 4 1/4 F-1

-

.

,

- Daimler Chrysler Smart

- GE Plastic 2001 PC() Rear window

throttle body

3 77

3.3 Seeds

,

,

,

-

"

-

,

- / ,

Net Shape .

- 5 .

5

1.

2. -

3. -

4.

5. - [ 3-21]

3 78

.

, ,

, ,

.

,

[ 3-22]

.

,

.

-

3 79

. () )

- ,

-

[ 3-23]

.

-

-

,

3 80

-

-

,

,

[ 3-24]

.

200

-

-

3 81

, ,

[ 3-25]

-

-

(Door impact beam)

Press Hardening

[ 3-26]

3 82

980MPa 1500MPa

[ 3-27]

.

MEMS

- DNA , ,

Fuel injector ,

MEMS

DNA

Fuel injector

[ 3-28]

3 83

4.

, ,

, ,

,

,

4.1

.

30%, 30%, 30%

- KS (JIS ) 1~2

,

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) ,

4 .

( )

3 84

( )

( )

) 500mm 0.22mm, 20mm

0.009mm

1,500

,

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(,

)

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,

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-

,

- ,

3 85

SIMPAC (-

, -) .

-

,

.

- ,

, , ,

.

- ,

, A/S (,

CE )

.

3 86

2,000 ,

20,000

- 1500

,

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,

, , A/S .

- () , ,

()

,

-

.

(/)

,

- ,

3 87

-

,

-

.

- , ()

.

- (3 ), (2008)

PC ,

-

, ,

.

1

-

(One Shot)

( )

3 88

4.2

.

C , C

, (H)

C :

,

( )

H() :

C

C

( 3 )

-

,

/ LEM(

)

(100) (Quadruple)

(200)

/ :

3, 4 )

3 89

CS-250 HCE-250 HNCP-250() 250 250 250

(mm) 1,600x950 1,500x920 1,600x900 250 250 250

(SPM) 30 40 30

.

C, H , ,

H() ()

200

2030spm , spm

C H C H

,

80 C , H

30 KS (JIS )

100

3 90

,

,

(, )

500 ,

300( 30mm , 400spm)

- Dobby ,

2,000~3,000spm

4,000spm .( 6,000spm

)

0.1mm

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-

: > > >

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,

,

.

3 91

,

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.

- 200 50mm, 250spm

Bruderer() CSUP-300F SDH-300HU BSTA2500

(ton) 300 300 250(mm) 2,100x1,250 2,000x1,050 2350x1,350

(mm) 30 30 60 (spm) 400 350 750

. /(Link / Knuckle press)

20 ,

.

3 92

-

- dwell(

)

-

,

,

-

.

- , /

[ 3-29]

3 93

. (Servo Press)

, ,

,

AC

- 1998 80

2003 2007 2,400

( ), ,

,

6070%

2 , ,

, (

), ,

.

- , SIMPAC, 2006

(SIMTOS2006) ,

- SIMPAC

( )

3 94

- ()

- 800 2

, 300, 200~400 4

700

4(2 800) 1600

-

,

. ,

. 1

. (Fine blanking press)

( )

V

, 1

2

, ,

/ , IT

515mm

3 95

2005 400

700

-

,

- , 70~80%

-

[ 3-30]

. (Progressive press)

1

3 96

1

.

(),

(), (), ()

2,000X1,600mm, 1,500

, 4,0001,600mm

1,500

. (Transfer press)

1

- 1

,

- ,

, ,

-

3 97

- 15spm ,

10spm

1spm , 15spm

550~600 . ,

1 10

, , ,

.

- , ,

()

.

.

3,500 ,

2,400

DTE2-1500 HET-600 5400

() 1,500 3,500 2,400 3,000(mm) 4,500x1,700 4,200x6,300 4,800x2,500

(mm) 600 1,000 1,400 2,500 (mm) 10-20 6-14 7~15

3 98

2,000

,

()

- 2005

.

. (Hot stamping press)

930~950

.

-

- 2009

, 800

, SIMPAC 700

- +++ SIMPAC

. ( )

. (Hydroforming press)

3 99

-

,

, /

.

,

3500

2000 1500

.

3~4

.

NFP -1500

() 1500

(mm) 3,000x2,000

(mm) 1500

(mm/sec) 150

. (Deep Drawing press)

,

3 100

NDP -1500

() 1500

(mm) 3,000x2,000

(mm) 1300

(mm/sec) 150

. (Die Spotting Press)

//

,

180 , (

)

, .

4.3

.

,

, ,

-

3 101

, /

,

, ,

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,

-

()

,

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3 102

.

,

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()

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2006 ()

.

,

,

3 103

5.

: 13

: 2009 8 3 9 18

: 6 7 (() 2)

: (), ()

: ()

: ()

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,

5.1

2, 4

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( , )

. 5,400(2,400-1,000-1,000-1,000)

.

- () :

GM

. 5,400

.

- () :

, .

.

- () :

3 104

- () :

,

.

- () :

,

SIMPAC

1964 1976 1973 1992 1975 2004

( 42%)

()

()

/

C

()

H

()

1

2

, ,

, ,

,

,

, ,

, ,

,

, ,

,

, ,

3 105

5.2

.

2008 1 2

100 1000 1, 100 3

500 2

201 500 1, 50

3 , 500

200

2008 2 2

1000 2,000 1, 200 3

,

- .

2008

1 -

1-9 2

10-99 1

100-999 1

1000 2

6

3 106

10-50 3

51-100 -

101-200 -

201-500 1

500 2

6

100 1

100-199 2

200-999 -

1000-1999 1

2000 2

6

.

2008 285%

. 400% ,

700% .

.

2008 707%6,700% 2,998%

.

73%210% 116%.

6 155 1

36 . 32.2%.

3 107

(:%)

100 1

101-200 -

201-300 2

301-400 1

401-500 2

500 -

6

6 6

(:)

100 1

100-299 1

300-499 1

500-999 -

1000 3

6

(:)

1-9 3

10-49 -

50-99 1

100-499 -

500 2

6

3 108

. 5

5 3

3 .

, R&D

5 , , ,

, .

- 5

. 2009

.(8090% )

- 70% ,

90% . 2009

20%

- 6% 2009

.

- 2006 50% 2007

-7%, 2008 7% 2009

3% .

- 20% ,

-10% .

510% .

- 130

550 5 26

2 .

- R&D 0.91.4%

.

3 109

. 3.8%

.

5

3 3 6

5

2005 2006 2007 20082009

()

()

489 569 548 535 531

73940 72986 371,008 531,206 601,055

1, 3

(%)

92 92 90 93 80

85100 85100 70100 80100 50100

1, 4

()

514 591 614 574 630

82989 801,095 541,106 671,318 601,100

2, 4

()

30.2 45.1 43.5 46.6 48.0

356 375 570 780 381

2, 3

(%)

8.7 8.5 5.5 10.8 7.0

1.621 1.820 -1015.4 -0.323.6 210

0, 4

()

1.5 1.3 4.3 2.5 5.5

02 03 210 24 1.512

1, 3

R&D

(%)

1.0 0.9 1.7 1.2 1.4

0.22.5 0.02.5 0.33.8 0.33.0 0.32.5

1, 2

)

3 110

5.3

.

69% 26%, 5% .

- ,

13 7

5 4

- -

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1 1

19 12

) 1 2

1 2, 2 1

1.5

1 2

,

- ,

.

2040% 72%

3 111

.

- 52% ,

.

. ,

.

19 7

12 7

11 7

42 21

) 1, 2, 3

1 3, 2 2, 3 1

2

1 3

6 1 7

2 - -

5 2

- 9

3 112

20% -

20-40% 5

41-60% 1

61-80% 1

80% -

7

5.5 3

11 7

3.5 2

1 1

- -

21 13

) 1 2

1 2, 2 1

1.5

1 2

OEM

.

OEM

2 5 2 5

.

3 113

7080% 50%

57%

.

-

.

.

-

.

9 5

4 2

7 6

A/S - -

20 13

) 1 2

1 2, 2 1

1.5

1 2

50% 4

50-60% -

61-70% 1

71-80% 2

80-90% -

90% -

7

3 114

,

,

1

1

2

1

2

7

30% . ,

.

A/S CE

ISO .

-

.

10% 10-30% 31-50% 51-70% 70%

3 4 7

A/S

4 1 2 7

3 115

.

2050

, 10 , 100

.

-

.

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CNC , .

- .

- 10%

.

5 3

3 .

-

, A/S

.

(:)

10 1

11-20 -

21-50 3

51-100 -

100 1

1

5

3 116

(:)

1 -1-5 25-10 1

10 - 3

6

5

1 1A/S 1 -

8

5

2005 2006 2007 20082009

()

15.6 26.6 24.1 173 32

() (2-9) (1-20) (2-16) (2-155) (2-20)

3 3 3 3 3

5

A B C D E F

1

()

NC

M/C

()

FLOOR

2

()CNC

()

3NC

()

()CRANE

4

() ()

5 (/) HOIST(/)

3 117

5.4

.

431 43%

, 25%, 21%, 10%

.

.

-

. .

- 2

.

()

110

91

184

44

2

-

431

,

,

.

- 30 40 20, 50

. 20 19% 20%

3 118

,

- 10-20

.

()

159

76

167

28

-

1

431

()

20 -

20 80

30 150

40 131

50 64

60 6

431

()

3 87

3-5 59

5-9 105

10-19 123

20-29 54

30 3

431

3 119

.

1

, .

.

1 2 3

7 7

3 1 1 5

3 .

- 3 50%

5 . 2 ,

.

- 3 .

2000 -

2000- 3000 1

3001- 4000 3

4001- 5000 1

5001- 6000 1

6000 -

6

3 120

2000 -

2000- 3000 -

3001- 4000 4

4001- 5000 1

5001- 6000 1

6000 -

6

(67%)

5,

- 5

.

1

-

4

-

5 1

-

6

4 - 1 -

1 -

6

3 121

,

-

-

1

4

1

6

5.5 R&D

.

,

.

2008 R&D 100 1

, 19 2

, 1 1

1

- R&D R&D

0.2%3.8%

.

6 6

3 122

2008 R&D

(:)

1 1

1-9 2

10-50 -

51-99 -

100 1

2

6

5

2005 2006 2007 20082009

()

()

1.5 1.3 4.3 2.5 5.5

02 03 210 24 1.512

1, 3

R&D

(%)

1.0 0.9 1.7 1.2 1.4

0.22.5 0.02.5 0.33.8 0.33.0 0.32.5

1, 2

.

6 .

- 66 79% ,

6 6

3 123

()

52

10

4

-

66

12% 108 R&D()

. 100%

,

: , %

R&D() R&D

A 18 3 16.7

B 29 4 13.8

C 35 6 17.1

D 45 6 13.3

E 48 8 16.7

F 57 4 7.0

G 90 18 20.0

H 143 9 6.3

I 192 25 13.0

J 243 25 10.3

900 108 12.0

: 2009 1

.

3 124

38%

,

- 5 R&D 21 19,

2 . 2

67%

2, 1

.

3

1

1

3

-

8

() 19 2 21

14

1

2

4

21

3 125

.

40%

, .

30%, 20%,

10% .

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,

.

() 8 4 4 3 2 2 - - - - 6 4 ( ) - -

20 13) 1 2

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1.5

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3 126

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6.1

.

,

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62%, 24%,

9% . 5% .

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,

5 4

13 7

2 2

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1.5

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.

3 127

3 43%, 5 43%

.

- 150 , 90 ,

90-150

14 7

3 3

3 3

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20 13

) 1 2

1 2, 2 1

1.5

1 2

15 -

16-30 -

31-60 -

61-90 3

91-150 1

150 3

7

10%

3 128

( )

4 3 4

5% 5-10% 11-20% 21-30% 31-50% 50%

6 1 7

34%, 66%

.

50%

.

- 2 3

.

34% 66%

15 -

1 -

2 2

3 4

6 1

6 -

7

3 129

.

31% 1, 22%

2, (21%), (19%), (5%), (2%) ,

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.

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2 1

9 4

8 5

13 6

9 4

1 1

42 21

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2

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, 2007

3 130

2 .

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,

.

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.

15 6

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8 5

3 2

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6 2

36 18

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1 3, 2 2, 3 1

2

1 3

(45%)

(29%) .

.

-

.

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.

-

, ,

3 131

, .

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2 2

12 7

9 5

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42 21

) 1, 2, 3

1 3, 2 2, 3 1

2

1 3

(39%)

22% 2 ,

.

-

,

.

.

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.

22%,

20%, 17%, 15%, 5%

.

3 132

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.

16 7

9 5

4 2

9 4

3 2

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41 20

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1 3, 2 2, 3 1

2

1 3

9 5 21%

15%

17%

22%

20%

6 2

7 3

9 4

8 4

2 2

41 20

) 1, 2, 3

1 3, 2 2, 3 1

2

1 3

.

3 133

.

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43%, 14% .

.

-

.

.

, .

.

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-

5

1

1

7

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6

1

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7

3 134

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3

3

1

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7

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2

2008 1

3

1

-

7

12 7

9 7

9 7

12 7

42 28

) 1 2

1 2, 2 1

1.5

1 2

3 135

6.2

.

,

38% 1, 14% 2,

R&D 12% 3, 10% 5

, 7% 6

- 2008 2009

,

.

- R&D 12% R&D

,

4 2

5 3

6 4

16 6

R&D 5 3

3 2

3 1

( )

42 21

) 1, 2, 3

1 3, 2 2, 3 1

2

1 3

3 136

,

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.

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.

-

,

.

-

3 1

4 2

6 4

5 3

4 2

1 1

4 2

9 3

,

6 3

( )

42 21

) 1, 2, 3

1 3, 2 2, 3 1

2

1 3

3 137

.

5

4 , 2

, 41%,

25%, 17%

10 4

, ,

4 4

4 2

,

6 2

,

,

,

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1 3, 2 2, 3 1

2

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,

.

3 138

.

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.

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.

33% , (57%) , ,

.

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, ,

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.7 6

,

.

,

.

21 14

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1 2, 2 1

1.5

1 2

3 139

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.

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.

-

1

3

3

-

7

10 4

2 1

8 6

14 5

8 5

42 21

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1 3, 2 2, 3 1

2

1 3

,

3 140

.

-

(33%) (24%)

(71%)

.

-

,

.

-

-

2

4

1

7

3

3

1

-

-

7

.

3 141

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.

.

,

.

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, .

.

1. , , , ,

5

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1)

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3 142

.

- .

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.

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.

[ 3-31]

1 1 3 2 7

1 4 2 7 3 2 2 7 1 1 2 3 7

1 1 6 11 9 28

3 143

2)

,

.

, .

[ 3-32]

1 3 2 6

2 2 3 7 5 1 6 4 1 2 7 1 5 1 7

1 15 11 6 33

3 144

3)

.

, , ,

.

- ,

.

- ,

.

[ 3-33]

3 4 7

3 4 7 6 6 CEO 6 1 7

18 9 27

3 145

4)

,

, , .

.

.

[ 3-34]

1 1 3 2 7

1 6 7 (, ) 1 3 3 7 3 4 7

1 2 10 15 28

3 146

5)

,

80% .

,

.

.

[ 3-35]

1 4 2 7

3 2 2 7 1 4 2 7 1 4 2 7 ( ) 5 2 7

6 19 10 35

4 147

4

1.

1.1

.

20%

2008 220 .

- 1908

1991 ,

2002 15% .

- 23%

19% 21%

[ 4-1] ()

4 148

( : )

(%) (%)

1984 19,871 4,476 18.4

1985 21,971 10.6 4,898 9.4 18.2

1986 28,891 31.5 6,785 38.5 19.0

1987 33,082 14.5 7898 16.4 19.3

1988 37,935 14.7 9,318 18.0 19.7

1989 42,438 11.9 9,885 6.1 18.9

1990 45,282 6.7 11,347 14.8 20.0

1991 42,947 -5.2 12,492 10.1 22.5

1992 34,089 -20.6 9,779 -21.7 22.3

1993 29,059 -14.8 8,883 -9.2 23.4

1994 28,199 -3.0 8,443 -5.0 23.0

1995 36,330 28.8 10,181 20.6 21.9

1996 38,673 6.4 10,551 3.6 21.4

1997 37,721 -2.5 10,413 -1.3 21.6

1998 36,885 -2.2 9,590 -7.9 20.6

1999 34,600 -6.2 9,661 0.7 21.8

2000 35,606 2.9 9551 -1.1 21.2

2001 36,133 1.5 9,303 -2.6 20.5

2002 32,021 -11.4 8,284 -11.0 20.6

2003 36,787 14.9 10,382 25.3 22.0

2004 45,627 24.0 11,998 15.6 20.8

2005 53,662 17.6 13,838 15.3 20.5

2006 60,209 12.2 16,016 15.7 21.0

2007 71,683 19.1 19,928 24.4 21.8

2008 81,818 14.1 21,944 10.1 21.1

: , Gardner Publication, Inc.

4 149

.

2008 1 159 1

41 18.7%

1 .

- 2000

45% ,

17% , 3

.

-

2 , .

-

,

2008 9.4% 20.6 , 4 .

-

7% , .

[ 4-2] 2008

4 150

( : , %)

(2008)

(2008)

2007 2008 (%)

1 14,323 15,847 11% 2,060 9.4%

2 12,923 15,657 21% 3,758 17.1%

3 10,750 13,965 30% 3,910 17.8%

4 7,293 8,209 13% 4,104 18.7%

5 4,492 5,000 11% 1,000 4.6%

6 4,784 4,381 -8% 1,489 6.8%

7 3,727 4,234 14% 678 3.1%

8 3,515 3,743 6% 561 2.6%

9 1,433 1,540 7% 477 2.2%

10 1,158 1,289 11% 245 1.1%

11 1,147 1,276 11% 421 1.9%

12 939 1,084 16% 607 2.8%

13 679 885 30% 71 0.3%

14 878 817 -7% 196 0.9%

15 533 583 9% 414 1.9%

16 512 575 12% 460 2.1%

17 408 454 11% 408 1.9%

18 424 415 -2% 50 0.2%

19 327 364 11% 328 1.5%

20 357 354 -1% 142 0.6%

21 276 310 12% 189 0.9%

22 202 202 0% 51 0.2%

23 180 180 0% 50 0.2%

24 166 166 0% 92 0.4%

25 105 113 7% 68 0.3%

26 71 82 15% 78 0.4%

27 49 55 12% 16 0.1%

28 33 37 14% 21 0.1%

Total 81,818 14% 21,944

: , Gardner Publication, Inc.

4 151

20% ,

- '05 100 109

15% 1/5

2008 3 2

194 26% ,

.

2008

( : , %)

(2008) 2008 2007 (%)

1 19,365 16,171 20%2 9,950 7,455 33%3 8,031 7,637 5%4 6,756 5,864 15%5 5,809 5,151 13%6 3,805 4,319 -12%7 2,800 3,563 -21%8 2,547 1,823 40%9 1,870 1,809 3%10 1,774 1,574 13%11 1,670 1,670 0%12 1,399 1,245 12%13 1,240 1,279 -3%14 1,188 1,088 9%15 1,015 1,016 0%16 945 892 6%17 814 623 31%18 761 692 10%19 612 533 15%20 602 602 0%21 566 503 13%22 534 562 -5%23 393 405 -3%24 360 355 1%25 359 270 33%26 294 181 62%27 288 219 32%28 148 129 15%

75,893 67,627: , Gardner Publication, Inc.

4 152

1.2

.

,

, , , , , , ,

, . 1 3

.

-

, 56 .

- '02 1 2005

1 2005

646 24.9% 621

9.6% . 2008 57

3

[ 4-3] 2007 ()

4 153

2

2008

36 , 24 .

- BRICs

, .

2007

( : , %)

(2008)

1 560.2 8,898.6 592.8 6.7 774.5 32.6 4.2

2 528.2 3,513.8 605.9 17.2 2,557.4 77,7 3.0

3 506.8 9,165.5 506.8 5.5 3,689.6 - -

4 268.5 4,070.4 322.5 7.9 1,923.9 54.0 2.8

5 143.7 1,816.3 225.8 12.4 1,350.6 82.1 6.1

6 61.5 851.3 61.5 7.2 697.1

7 44.9 944.4 44.9 4.8 1,158.4

8 30.1 848.7 30.1 3.5 1,304.3

9 6.2 121.5 13.4 11.0 289.2 7.2 2.5

10 431.2 986.2

11 85.4 415.1

12 12.8 147.5

13 -6.3 811.8 25.1 3.1 591.1 31.4 5.3

14 -9.5 302.3 37.7 12.5 950.4 47.2 5.0

15 -17.9 516.2 557.3 17.9 3.2

16 -19.6 205.7 21.0 10.2 631.9 40.6 6.4

17 -31.3 671.9 615.8 31.3 5.1

18 -31.6 149.3 4.3 2.9 813.0 35.9 4.4

19 -34.7 3,046.2 770.6 34.7 4.5

20 -51.9 1,657.4 74.0 4.5 4,274.1 125.9 2.9

21 -77.9 131.4 5.5 4.2 1,126.9 83.4 7.4

22 -90.1 40.1 4.7 11.7 1,568.3 94.8 6.0

23 -127.5 35.1 7.7 21.9 1,324.8 135.2 10.2

24 -240.7 1,651.5 119.2 7.2 7,083.1 359.9 5.1

:

4 154

.

1)

( 160, 1) 50% 89

2

6.7% 59.

- 2 33

, 56 .

-

,

, .

90% .

5 , , (:)

[ 4-4] 2007

4 155

( : , %)

2003 6,999 543 5,942 1,600 33.9% 84.9%

2004 9,335 928 7,511 2,752 33.7% 80.5%

2005 11,671 1,104 8,717 4,058 27.2% 74.7%

2006 12,101 1,325 9,222 4,203 31.5% 76.2%

2007 12,865.4 774.5 8,898.6 4,741.3 16.3% 69.2%

2007

1,893.9 21.3 2,494.2 28

1,778.2 20 NC 2,158.1 24.3

653.4 7.3 735.3 8.3

566.1 6.4 606.6 6.8

454.1 5.1 592.8 6.7

369.7 4.2 575.3 6.5

299.9 3.4 / 514.8 5.8

282.6 3.2 220.8 2.5

2007

191.4 24.7 130.1 16.8

104.5 13.5 101.9 13.2

101.0 13 95.1 12.3

76.4 9.9 NC 74.1 9.6

70.1 9.1 59.3 7.7

63.6 8.2 / 53.6 6.8

45.7 5.9 38.4 5

23.9 3.1 32.6 4.2

4 156

2)

70%

34% .

- 57 3

,

+1 .

.

-

.

5 , , (:)

[ 4-5]

4 157

( : , %)

2003 7,712 1,564 4,661 4,615 33.9% 60.4%

2004 8,973 1,824 5,678 5,119 35.6% 63.3%

2005 9,806 2,065 6,376 5,494 37.6% 65.0%

2006 10,139 2,541 7,530 5,150 49.3% 74.3%

2007 12,943.3 3,689.6 9,165.5 5,474.8 67.4% 70.8%

2007

1,217.0 13.3 1,765.6 19.3

699.6 7.6 1,080.2 11.8

530.2 5.8 NC 1,005.5 11

528.9 5.8 771.0 8.4

481.9 5.3 565.6 6.2

445.8 4.9 552.6 6

378.1 4.1 533.5 5.8

313.0 3.4 506.8 5.5

2007

1,212.5 32.9 NC 764.2 20.7

648.3 17.6 621.8 16.9

267.4 7.2 544.5 14.8

162.4 4.4 394.7 10.7

157.5 4.3 219.1 5.9

147.4 4 138.8 3.8

144.9 3.9 127.9 3.5

134.8 3.7 / 118.8 3.2

4 158

3)

165, 708

1, 2.

- 15.3%, 43.7%.

- 12 36

-0.5 .

-0.81

.

5 , , (:)

[ 4-6]

4 159

( : , %)

2003 2,980 3,961 372 6,569 60.3% 12.5%

2004 5,100 5,819 532 10,387 56.0% 10.4%

2005 5,100 6,496 820 10,776 60.3% 16.1%

2006 7,100 7,254 1,187 13,167 55.1% 16.7%

2007 10,750.0 7,083.1 1,651.5 16,181.6 43.7% 15.3%

2007

188.7 11.4 167.9 10.2

115.9 7 NC 155.4 9.4

96.8 5.9 144.7 8.8

74.4 4.5 141.0 8.5

61.0 3.7 119.2 7.2

57.5 3.5 117.2 7.1

49.1 3 96.7 5.9

46.0 2.8 76.0 4.6

2007

2,456.0 34.7 1,725.7 24.4

1,380.7 19.5 919.6 13

1,142.6 16.1 NC 655.9 9.3

532.6 7.5 471.0 6.6

359.1 5.1 / 399.2 5.6

308.9 4.4 394.0 5.6

267.7 3.8 369.3 5.2

64.4 0.9 359.9 5.1

4 160

4)

+0.36

.

323, 54 +0.7

.

,

14 .

5 , , (:)

[ 4-7]

4 161

( : , %)

2003 4,160 936 1,975 3,120 30.0% 47.5%

2004 4,646 1,080 2,441 3,285 32.9% 52.5%

2005 4,867 1,234 2,797 3,304 37.3% 57.5%

2006 5,720 1,431 3,343 3,807 37.6% 58.5%

2007 7,307.4 1,923.9 4,070.4 5,160.9 37.3% 55.7%

2007

547.9 13.5 729.4 17.9

328.9 8.1 NC 367.5 9

296.9 7.3 343.3 8.4

276.3 6.8 322.5 7.9

251.6 6.2 272.6 6.7

208.4 5.1 234.4 5.8

169.2 4.2 190.0 4.7

140.5 3.5 182.0 4.5

2007

524.7 27.3 373.1 19.4

260.9 13.6 NC 364.2 18.9

209.5 10.9 169.3 8.8

158.2 8.2 119.3 6.2

137.5 7.1 118.3 6.1

130.5 6.8 60.8 3.2

76.7 4 / 58.7 3.1

71.1 3.7 54.0 2.8

4 162

5)

.

- 2007 449 79.3% 351 ,

356 71% 256

, 0.16 .

- 66 , 78

+0.77

2.

92, 118 -0.2

.

5 , , (:)

[ 4-8]

4 163

( : , %)

2003 2,120 861 1,679 1,303 66.1% 79.2%

2004 2,887 1,983 2,250 2,620 75.7% 77.9%

2005 3,404 1,511 2,659 2,256 67.0% 78.1%

2006 3,841 2,011 2,964 2,888 69.6% 77.2%

2007 4,492.3 2,557.4 3,513.8 3,564.4 71.3% 79.3%

2007

& 1,299.3 37 1,154.8 32.9

341.7 9.7 605.9 17.2

166.6 4.7 NC 436.9 12.4

154.3 4.4 246.8 7

133.0 3.8 139.0 4

121.0 3.4 138.1 3.9

108.8 3.1 98.4 2.8

92.0 2.6 79.5 2.3

2007

1,164.0 45.5 /EDM 2,151.9 84.1

990.9 38.7 NC 94.0 3.7

118.2 4.6 86.3 3.4

71.1 2.8 77.7 3

60.3 2.4 51.0 2

& 33.8 1.3 / 41.7 1.6

7.0 0.3 / 35.4 1.4

112.0 4.4 19.3 0.8

4 164

6)

373 44.5% 166

634 67.4% -0.44

.

- , , 4 ,

/ , /

.

- 74, 126 -0.26

.

28

.

5 , , (:)

[ 4-9]

4 165

( : , %)

2003 2,409 2,578 1,012 3,975 64.9% 42.0%

2004 3,178 3,128 1,234 5,081 61.6% 38.5%

2005 3,467 3,904 1,438 5,933 65.8% 41.5%

2006 3,689 4,475 1,802 6,361 70.3% 48.9%

2007 3,726.5 4,274.1 1,657.4 6,343.3 67.4% 44.5%

2007

284.1 17.1 307.6 18.6

284.1 17.1 263.1 15.9