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中央資管:范錚強 2
大綱
商業的研究研究倫理研究者的語言
中央資管:范錚強 3
第一章 企業的研究
中央資管:范錚強 4
企業研究的定義
企業研究是決定、取得、分析並傳播相關的資料、資訊的過程,能培養決策制定者的洞察力、動員組織採取適當的行動,進而使企業的績效最佳化
中央資管:范錚強 5
企業的研究
研究有助於回應變革研究有助於降低決策風險
中央資管:范錚強 6
What’s Changing in Business that Influences Research
Critical Scrutiny of Business
Computing Power & Speed
Computing Power & Speed
Battle for Analytical
Talent
Battle for Analytical
Talent
FactorsFactors
Information Overload
Shifting Global Economics
Shifting Global Economics
Government Intervention
Government Intervention
Technological Connectivity
Technological Connectivity
New Research Perspectives
New Research Perspectives
中央資管:范錚強 7
Research May Not Be Necessary
Can It Pass These Tests?Can information be applied to a critical decision?
Will the information improve managerial decision making?
Are sufficient resources available?
中央資管:范錚強 8
Characteristics of Good ResearchClearly defined purposeClearly defined purpose
Detailed research processDetailed research process
Thoroughly planned designThoroughly planned design
High ethical standardsHigh ethical standards
Limitations addressedLimitations addressed
Adequate analysisAdequate analysis
Unambiguous presentationUnambiguous presentation
Conclusions justifiedConclusions justified
CredentialsCredentials
中央資管:范錚強 9
Two Categories of Research
Applied Basic (Pure)
中央資管:范錚強 10
Four Types of Studies
Reporting報導。
是研究嗎?
Explanatory尋找 Why’ How
Predictive尋找 因素關係
Descriptive尋找 What
中央資管:范錚強 11
第二章 研究的倫理
保護研究對象隱私、安全、商業秘密等
保護研究者、研究機構訴訟的可能性
保護委託研究單位避免錯誤決策
未來延續研究的可能
中央資管:范錚強 12
案例:資訊應用人力的研究
行政院委託時間很緊迫
資訊軟體產值 27 家公司產值佔了一半例如:微軟、 IBM 、 SAP 、鼎新、趨勢…詢問這些公司往後五年會新聘多少人乘二
供需各校學生人數加總
中央資管:范錚強 13
資訊人力供需研究結論
資訊人力過剩資管大學部太多
但資工短缺資管研究所不足
中央資管:范錚強 14
構念層次
資訊人力供需研究的問題
實質層次
數量太多太少
推論…大學 / 研究所資工 / 資管
y測量
誤差
x誤差
測量
X Y需求?供給?
社會供需
中央資管:范錚強 15
資訊人力供需研究的倫理問題
教育決策社會印象專業良心
中央資管:范錚強 16
Types of Ethical Violations
Violatingdisclosure
agreements
Violatingdisclosure
agreements
Breakingconfidentiality
Breakingconfidentiality
Misrepresentingresults
Misrepresentingresults
DeceivingparticipantsDeceiving
participants
PaddedinvoicesPaddedinvoices
Avoidinglegal liability
Avoidinglegal liability
中央資管:范錚強 17
Ethical Treatment of Participants
Explain study benefitsExplain study benefits
Explain participant rights and protections
Explain participant rights and protections
Obtain informedconsent
Obtain informedconsent
中央資管:范錚強 18
Components of Informed Consent
Identify researchers
Describe survey topic
Describe target sample
Identify sponsor
Describe purpose of research
Promise anonymity and confidentiality
Give “good-faith” estimate of required time commitment
State participation is voluntary
State item-non response is acceptable
Ask for permission
中央資管:范錚強 19
Participant Confidentiality
Minimize instruments requiring ID
Minimize instruments requiring ID
Non-disclosure of data subsets
Non-disclosure of data subsets
Restrict access to ID
Restrict access to ID
Obtain signednondisclosure
Reveal only with written
consent
中央資管:范錚強 20
第三章: Thinking Like a ResearcherThinking Like a Researcher
研究精神語言想法
中央資管:范錚強 21
Language of Research
Variables
ModelsModels
TheoryTheory
Terms usedin research
Terms usedin research
Constructs
Operationaldefinitions
Operationaldefinitions
Propositions/Hypotheses
Propositions/Hypotheses
Conceptualschemes
ConceptualschemesConceptsConcepts
中央資管:范錚強 22
Job Redesign Constructs and Concepts
中央資管:范錚強 23
A Variable Is the Property Being Studied
Variable變數
Variable變數
Event事件
Event事件
Act行動Act
行動
Characteristic特徵
Characteristic特徵
Trait特質Trait特質
Attribute屬性
Attribute屬性
中央資管:范錚強 24
Types of Variables
DichotomousDichotomousMale/Female
Employed/ UnemployedMale/Female
Employed/ Unemployed
DiscreteDiscreteEthnic backgroundEducational level
Religious affiliation
Ethnic backgroundEducational level
Religious affiliation
ContinuousContinuousIncome
TemperatureAge
IncomeTemperature
Age
中央資管:范錚強 25
變數
類別例如:工學院、文學院、管理學院…例如: Yes and No
大小喜不喜歡,從 1 到 7
等距溫度
等比長度
中央資管:范錚強 26
Independent and Dependent Variable Synonyms
Independent Variable (IV)
Predictor
Presumed cause
Stimulus
Predicted from…
Antecedent
Manipulated
Dependent Variable (DV)
Criterion
Presumed effect
Response
Predicted to….
Consequence
Measured outcome
中央資管:范錚強 27
Relationships Among Variable Types
x: 自變數
y: 依變數、因變數
z: 調節變數 Moderator
Interaction effects:互動效果、調節效果
中央資管:范錚強 28
Relationships Among Variable Types
控制變數
干擾變數、混淆變數
中央資管:范錚強 29
Relationships Among Variable Types
IVV: Mediator 中間變數、中介變數
Mediating effects:中介效果
中央資管:范錚強 30
Propositions 命題 and Hypotheses 假說
Brand Manager Jones (case) has a higher-than-average achievement motivation (variable).
Brand managers in Company Z (cases) have a higher-than-average achievement motivation (variable).
Generalization
中央資管:范錚強 31
Characteristics of Strong Hypotheses
A Strong
Hypothesis Is
A Strong
Hypothesis Is
AdequateAdequate
TestableTestable
Better than rivals
Better than rivals
中央資管:范錚強 32
Sound Reasoning
Exposition Argument
InductionDeduction
Types of Discourse