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A STUDY OF JAPANESE CULTURE IN “MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA” BY

ARTHUR GOLDEN AND ITS THAI TRANSLATION BY WIYASAKAM

PANNEE PARAPOTH 4936114 LCCD/M

M.A. (LANGUAGE AND CULTURE FOR COMMUNICATION AND

DEVELOPMENT)

THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE: DUANGPORN KAMNOONWATANA, M.A.,

SUJARITLAK DEEPADUNG, Ph.D., SIRINTORN BHIBULBHANUVAT, Ph.D.

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this qualitative research were to study Japanese culture in “Memoirs of

a Geisha,” a novel by Arthur Golden, and to study translation techniques of cultural terms in its Thai

version by Wiyasakam.

The results of the Japanese culture study, categorized according to Nida’s “Five Types of

Sub-culture” (Nida, 1964), revealed that the largest category represented was material culture. The

smaller categories, in terms of number, were social culture, religious culture, ecological culture, and

linguistic culture.

The results of the analysis of translation techniques of cultural terms showed that, five

techniques were used in translating Japanese words: 1) Transliteration, 2) Descriptive phrase addition,

3) Generalization, 4) Cultural substitution, and 5) Contextual modification. Three techniques were used

in translating English words: 1) Literal translation, 2) Descriptive phrase modification, and

3) Specification. Four techniques were used in translating Japanese and English compound words:

1) Transliteration with literal translation, 2) Descriptive phrase modification, 3) Generalization, and

4) Transliteration.

The results of this study emphasized the importance of culture to language and

translation, as three cultures were relevant and intertwined in both source and target text. Therefore,

translators are required to have a profound understanding of the source culture in order to convey the

correct meaning in translation.

KEY WORDS: TRANSLATION/ JAPANESE CULTURE/ GEISHA

236 pages

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