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中西文化差异与英语学习中西文化差异与英语学习 李红梅 外语系
Opinion
Punctuality
Handling of problem
Traveling
3 meals a day
Contacts
Way of life
Boss
Kid
Elderly in daily life
Language and Culture
语言是一层皮，说这种语言的人提供骨肉，说这种语言的群体有什么样的思维方式与文化传统才赋予了语言以生命。
Cultural Similarities between Cultural Similarities between English & ChineseEnglish & Chinese
Similar concept about the worldSimilar concept about the world
Similar thoughtwaySimilar thoughtway
Similar sentence structureSimilar sentence structure
The Similarities between English & The Similarities between English & Chinese--MetaphorsChinese--Metaphors
The term sounds unscientific to the The term sounds unscientific to the 20th-century 20th-century earsears……
the split between the split between the headthe head and and the the heartheart
give up give up the swordthe sword for for the ploughthe plough
Western Ballet: Lines, strength Looking skywards Hopping and bouncing Simple hand movement
Chinese National Dance: Curves, grace Looking earthwards Walking and running Complicated hand movement
Western painting: factual
Traditional Chinese painting: artistic
conception
←Influenced by western style
Influenced by Chinese style→
Cultural Influence on LanguageCultural Influence on Language• History (meet one’s Waterloo, the melting pot ，班门弄斧，
三顾茅庐 )• Religion, legend, fable (heel of Achilles, to rain cats and dogs, 盘古 , 女
娲 , 画蛇添足 )
• Politics, ideology (landlord, individualism ，红军，资本主义 )
Cultural Influence on LanguageCultural Influence on Language
• cognition （ black coffee, 纯 / 清咖啡， wall clock, 挂
钟）• life style, customs (bread and butter, 鱼米之乡 )• natural environment (west wind, 东风 )
The Differences between English & The Differences between English & Chinese-Thinking ModeChinese-Thinking Mode
• Chinese ：• unitary thinking• inductive thinking• circular& flexible• concrete
• English ： • analytical thinking• deductive thinking
• linear thinking• abstract
English Hypotaxis:English Hypotaxis: Tree-like Sentenc Tree-like Sentence Structure (logic order)e Structure (logic order)
Mr. Li, who worked as manager of ABC Company after he graduated from Nanjing University, is pursuing an MA degree in translation, because he likes language so much that he wants to enter upon a new career as a simultaneous interpreter.
The Linguistic Differences between English The Linguistic Differences between English & Chinese (subjective/objective)& Chinese (subjective/objective)
• 1996 年 3 月 22 日星期五早晨 5 点 40 分 5:40 AM Friday, 22 March, 1996
• 江苏省南通市青年东路 69 号南通纺织职业技术学院外语系黎明收
Mr. Li Ming, Applied Foreign Language Dept., NTVTC, 69 Qingnian Road (E), Nantong, Jiangsu Province
The Linguistic Differences between English The Linguistic Differences between English
& Chinese (subjective/objective)& Chinese (subjective/objective)
• Ｈ e was wounded in the leg.
她的腿受了伤．• Parents try to cure their children of bad ha
bits.
父母试图改掉孩子的恶习．• You will be cured of your disease.
你的病会治好的．
The Linguistic Differences between English The Linguistic Differences between English & Chinese (subjective/objective)& Chinese (subjective/objective)
• He is engaged in letter writing. 他正忙着写信．• Great attention should be given to environ
ment protection. 应该重视环境保护．• It has been mentioned that you should imp
rove your handwriting. 我曾经说过你要练练书法了．
The Linguistic Differences between English & The Linguistic Differences between English &
Chinese (Chinese (hypotaxis/parataxis)hypotaxis/parataxis)
• ostensible reason
• 明显理由• Given an inch, he will take a mile.
• 得寸进尺• If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
• 冬天来了，春天还会远吗
The Linguistic Differences between English The Linguistic Differences between English
& Chinese (& Chinese (hypotaxis/parataxis)hypotaxis/parataxis)
• 这里山清水秀，景色宜人，古有八景之一的美称，是著名的旅游胜地．
It isIt is a celebrated tourist attraction a celebrated tourist attraction withwith green green hills hills andand clear waters, clear waters, andand has long been has long been known as one of the Eight Scenic Spots.known as one of the Eight Scenic Spots.
English Learning
Conclusion
( 学习外语 ) 假如能时时应用这个比较方法，不看文法书也不妨；假如不应用比较的方法，看了文法书也是枉然．
－吕叔湘
