-
pHDEP 100/10/18*
-
(H2O)3.98
*
-
FON() (H+)FON (bonded pair : O-H)(lone pair:)) lone pair-lone
pair> lone pair-bonded pair> bonded pair-bonded pair - *
-
*
-
*
-
1000/18 = 55.56 M)*
-
NaClKCl CH3COOHCH3COO-+H+*
-
1 NaCl Na+ + Cl -
2 ()*
-
(1) (2) (3)*
-
saline solution 0.670.700.850.9 6
()
12 ()()*2 H+ + 2 e- H2, H2O O2 + 2 H+ + 2e-
-
()*Semipermeable membraneSelectively permeable
membranemoleculehttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%80%8F%E8%86%9C
-
(Vant Hoff) : =MRT (M=R= T=(K))M
Mhttp://zh.wikipedia.org*: i2
-
http://www.ccjhs.tpc.edu.tw*
-
(V)(I)V=I*R(R)
1 cmK1 cm-10.01 D KCl1408 S/cm 0.5 %, 25 ) =G*K=(1/R) *(L / A)
http://www.ccjhs.tpc.edu.twK(S/cm)GL(cm)A(cm2)*
-
(HA)(A-)(BOH)(B)pH()()
HA+A-A-HABOH+B+BOH B+
CH3COOH + CH3COONa () NH4OH + NH4Cl () *
-
*pHpHpH
H2CO3HCO3- H+(aq) + HCO3-(aq) H2CO3 OH-(aq) + H2CO3(aq) H2O(l) +
HCO3-(aq) pH7.2~7.4
-
*
-
(Phosphate)pH 6.5~7.5
(H3PO4)http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/54554006http://www.ihcworld.com/_protocols/washing_buffers/pb.htmPhosphate
Buffer Saline (1 X PBS, pH 7.4) Na2HPO42H2O -----------------------
1.4 g KH2PO4 ----------------------------------- 0.2 g NaCl
----------------------------------------- 8 g KCl
---------------------------------------- 0.2 g Distilled water
----------------------- 1000 ml Mix to dissolve and adjust pH to
7.4Phosphate Buffer (0.1 M PB, pH 7.4) Na2HPO4 (anhydrous) -----
10.9 g NaH2PO4 (anhydrous) ----- - 3.2 g Distilled water
--------------- 1000 ml Mix to dissolve and adjust pH to 7.4 Store
this solution at room temperature*
-
Tris [Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane]An abbreviation of the
organic compoundTris is extensively used in biochemistry and
molecular biology. In biochemistry, tris is widely used as a
component of buffer solutions, such as in TAE and TBE buffer
(involving nucleic acids, the most common being gel
electrophoresis). Tris has a pKa of 8.06, pH range between 7.0 and
9.2 coincides with the typical physiological pH of most living
organisms. This, and its low cost, make tris one of the most common
buffers used in the biology/biochemistry lab.It is reported that
Tris inhibits a number of enzymes. It should be used with care when
studying proteins.C4H11NO3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tris*Amino
group
-
Containing a mixture of Tris base, acetic acid and EDTA.It is
made up of Tris-acetate buffer, usually at pH 8.0, and EDTA, which
sequesters divalent cations. TAE has a lower buffer capacity than
TBE and can easily become exhausted, but linear, double stranded
DNA runs faster in TAE.TAE has been used to study the mobility of
DNA in solution with and without sodium chloride (and many other
salts). The salts will retards DNA mobility.TAE buffer offers
advantages in subsequent enzymatic applications for the DNA sample.
Borate in the TBE buffer is a strong inhibitor for many enzymes
(DNA can better keep its integrity).*TAE buffer
-
TAE buffer& TBE bufferA mixture of Tris base, Acetic acid
and EDTA(TAE) adjusted by NaOH, and the mixture of TBE is combined
by Tris base, Boric acid and EDTA.
Tris-acid solutions are effective buffers for slightly basic
conditions, which keep DNA deprotonated and soluble in water.
EDTA is a chelator of divalent cations, particularly of
magnesium (Mg2+). As these ions are necessary co-factors for many
enzymes, including contaminant nucleases, the role of the EDTA is
to protect the nucleic acids against enzymatic degradation. But
since Mg2+ is also a co-factor for many useful DNA-modifying
enzymes such as restriction enzymes and DNA polymerases.*
-
pHMcIlvainepH *McIlvainepH2.6-12(Carmody)
1931-(Britton-Robinson)
-
(Carmody buffer)The Carmody buffer is a universal buffer
composed of (x-y) ml of the basal buffer (containing 0.2 M boric
acid and 0.05 M citric acid) and y ml of 0.1 M Na2PO412H2O and pure
water as the pH adjuster, where x denotes the total volume of the
buffer. It is very useful because it can be adjusted within a wide
pH range (pH 2-12) by changing their
ratios.*http://www.rsc.org/delivery/_ArticleLinking/DisplayArticleForFree.cfm?doi=b507540h&JournalCode=OBhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6T21-3XVPGV7-J-7&_cdi=4905&_user=9424682&_pii=S0167483899002162&_origin=search&_coverDate=11%2F16%2F1999&_sk=985649998&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlWzSkWb&md5=b045b3de417247f2134dad428b7f8a09&ie=/sdarticle.pdf
-
Goods Buffer - Composition and pH rangeGood's buffers are twelve
buffering agents selected and described by Norman Good and
colleagues in 1966. Good selected the buffers based on a number of
criteria which make them candidates for use in biochemistry and
biological research. Many remain staples in modern biology
laboratories.http://www.tcieurope.eu/fr/product/bio-chem/B013.shtml
-
Buffer CapacitypH
CB and CA represent the concentrations of the added base "B" and
acid "A".Buffer capacity is always positive. It is a non-lineal
continuous function (the reciprocal of the titration curve slope).
*http://www.aqa.org.ar/pdf9701/9701art16.pdf
-
pH pH = log10[H+] [H+]
pOHpHpOH = log10[OH]
25ion product of waterKw=[H+][OH-]=1.0110-14
.[H+]=[OH-]=1.00510-7 .pHwater=-log[H+]=-log1.00510-7=7 *
-
,, ,,, exBME( Basal Medium Eagle )Eagle`s MEM (Eagle`s Minimum
Essential Medium)DMEM( Dulbcco's MEM )-- exMCDB *
-
Phenol red*
-
- 1.a. Na+K+ Cl- b. Mg2+ ()c. Ca2+ d. H2PO4- pH H+ HPO42- H2PO4-
OH- *
-
- 2. : L-Histidine-HCl-H2O L-Isoleucine L-Leucine L-Lysine-HCl
L-Methionine L-Phenylalanine L-Threonine L-Tryptophan L-Valine :
L-Alanine L-Arginine-HCl L-Asparagine-H2O L-Aspartic Acid
L-Cystine-2HCl L-Glutamic Acid L-Glutamine Glycine L-Proline
L-Serine L-Tyrosine-2Na-2H2O*
-
- 3. ,,*
-
- 4. RNADNA
pH6.6-7.8 pH7.2-7.4: - 5. *
-
- 6.*
Penicillin100 unit/ml-20G(+)bacteriaStreptomycin100 g/ml
-20G(+-)bacteriaChlotetracycline50
g/ml-20G(+-)bacteriaGentamycin50g/ml-20G(+-)bacteriaMycoplasmaAmphotericicin
B2.5g/ml-20YeastmoldsNystatin50g/ml-20Yeastmoldsfungizone2.5g/ml-20Yeastmolds
-
a.(growth factor) (Epidermal Growth FactorEGF) b.(hormones) ,
c.(attachment factor) , fibronectin - 7. *
-
d. (binding protein:albumin) , Transferrine. (lipid source)
Phospholipidsf. (trace element) Cu, Zn, Co, Mo, Se,coenzyme,Zn
* - 7.
-
(carbon sources)(nitrogen
sources)http://ezphysics.nchu.edu.tw/genphys/gen/92to95/handout/1.pdf
*
-
(Natural media)(Basic media)(Selective media)EMB
agarE.coli(Differential
media)http://microbiology.scu.edu.tw/micro/microbe-exp/exp_website/Media.htm
*
-
(enriched media)(Synthetic media)chemically defined medium()
*
-
(Complex media)(Yeast extract)(Peptone) (1)(Nutrient
brothNB)(Beef extract)(Peptone)(Nutrient agarNA) (2)(Brian Heart
InfusionBHI)(Infusion)(Fastidious) (3)(Lysogeny broth LB) (Yeast
extract)(Tryptone)*
-
*
-
(Broth)(Agar)(Plate) (Slant)(agar deep tube)0.5~0.8%90 10042
*
-
pH*
-
*
-
*
-
*
-
pH6.5~7.559
(halophiles)(saccharophiles)
(osmophiles)http://www1.tf.edu.tw/top/department/food/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81/teacher&research/%E9%99%B3%E5%A7%BF%E5%88%A9%E8%80%81%E5%B8%AB/lesson01/03%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%B9%E9%A4%8A.pdf*
-
University of Massachusetts at AmherstSwades ChaudhuriDerek R.
Lovley Rhodoferax ferrireducens80
http://sa.ylib.com/news/newsshow.asp?FDocNo=358&CL=26*
-
DEP
Low conductivity Sucrose D-mannitol( =5 S/cm) ( =1 S/cm) HEPES(
=60 S/cm)
High conductivity PBS( =16000 S/cm)*
-
*
-
molecular genetics/
*
-
http://www.supermt.com.tw/molbio.htm*
-
Thank you for your attention*
********acetic acid *Boric acid **citric acid *pH*facultative
anaerobes NO3SO42 aerotolerant anaerobes superoxide
dismutasecatalase *
