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1 中中中中中中中中中 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 中中中 Dr. CHI Yongning 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 Chinese experience in development of grid code for wind power interconnection

中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁 Dr. CHI Yongning

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风力发电接入电网技术标准制定的经验 Chinese experience in development of grid code for wind power interconnection. 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁 Dr. CHI Yongning. 1. 我国风电的发展及并网挑战 Development & Challenges of Large Scale Wind Power. 1. 风力发电并网国家标准 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

1

中国电力科学研究院Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI迟永宁

Dr. CHI Yongning

风力发电接入电网技术标准制定的经验Chinese experience in development of grid

code for wind power interconnection

Page 2: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

我国风电的发展及并网挑战Development & Challenges of Large Scale Wind Power

风力发电并网国家标准Grid Code for Wind Power Grid Connection

风力发电并网的关键技术应用与实践Application of Key Technologies and Practice in China

1

2

3

Page 3: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

1.1 风力发电的发展现状及规划 Development of Large Scale Wind Power

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

Newly installed capacity Cumulative installed capacity

MW

21.97%

36.08%

68.25%

103.04% 130.5

1% 105.22%

115.01%

73.35%

39.41% 20.78

%

2012 年,我国的风电累计装机达到 7532 千瓦,总量占世界首位。发电量100.8TWh, 占全国总发电量的 2% 。

In 2012, the cumulative wind power capacity in China reached 75.32GW ( ranking 1st in the world). The electricity generated by wind in 2012 is 100.8TWh, accounting for 2.0% of the total electricity.

71.36% 平均年增长率

数据来源 : CWEA

Page 4: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

44

Hami

Jiuquan

Western Inner Mongolia Eastern Inner

Mongolia

Hebei

Shandong

Jilin

Jiangsu

我国规划了八个大型千万千瓦风电基地 8 large wind-power bases are in plan, each of them is with capacity larger than

10GW. 根据发改委能源研究所做的 2050 中国风力发电发展路线图的研究, 2050年我国风电装机将达到

1000GW 。 According to the report

“Wind Roadmap 2050, China” issued by Energy Research Institute (ERI) of NDRC, the planned total installed capacity of wind power will reach 1000 GW.

1.1 风力发电的发展现状及规划 Development of Large Scale Wind Power

Page 5: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

风电并网Wind power

电源与输电规划Generation and transmission planning

潮流与短路Load flow and short-circuit

系统稳定性Transient stability

电能质量Power quality

系统调频调峰Power balance& frequency control

无功电压Reactive power & voltage control

1.2 大规模风电并网的技术挑战 Challenges of Large Scale Wind Power Grid

Connection

5

Page 6: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

1.3 风电并网后系统调峰面临的挑战 Impacts on power balance & frequency control

50.0Hz49.850.2

电源 Power source 负荷 Load

电力系统的有功需实时平衡More difficulties to power balance 电 网

Power Grid

用电负荷Load

常规电源Conventional Power

火电机组内按调度指令运行Thermal power follow with the load according to the dispatch command

风力发电Wind power

风电出力随机变化,波动性较大Irregular wind power output with big variation

日负荷规律性强Regular daily load

6

Page 7: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

等效负荷概念:将风电场出力作为负的负荷叠加到负荷上,得到的等效负荷曲线。 Net load = Load – Wind

look the wind power output as a minus load

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 89 97 105113 121129 137145153 161

功率(kW)

时间(h)

负荷

风电

等效负荷

风电注入导致等效负荷更大的峰谷差Big differences between peak and off-peak net load

7

1.3 风电并网后系统调峰面临的挑战 Impacts on power balance & frequency control

Page 8: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

冬季 夏季

冬季--有供热的需求,热电联产机组占据了出力的很大一部分。传统火电机组承担了大部分调峰任务。弃风百分比为 1.6% ; Winter season--with less flexibility because operating CHP unit used for heat supply, wind

curtailment 1.6%.

夏季--没有供热的需求,传统机组有很大的空间进行调峰,没有发生弃风现象。 Summer season—with many flexibility because operating CHP share very small, no wind power

curtailment.

1.3 风电并网后系统调峰面临的挑战 Impacts on power balance & frequency control

8

Page 9: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

风电并网电压稳定问题 Voltage stability of wind

power grid integration无穷大系统

S1=P1+j Q1

Z=R+j X02U

1U

Qg

Pg

Qgc

Δ PR Δ QL

QC/ 2 QC/2

S2=P2+j Q2

依靠风电场控制改变其注入电网无功功率,从而控制电网(风场)电压。Control voltage by regulating the reactive power fed into grid

2

2221 U

XQRPUU

科尔沁变

北清河风电场300MW

义和塔拉东风电场300MW

华能建华风电场300MW

小街基风电场300MW

太平沼风电场300MW

乌力吉木仁风电场300MW

开鲁北

新民变

中电投建华风电场300MW

义和塔拉西风电场300MW

LGJ-400/27km

LGJ-400/35km

LGJ-400/68kmLGJ-400/18km

LGJ-400/22km

LGJ-400/31km

LGJ-400/30km

LGJ-400/34km

辽中变沈北变

图 例500kV变电站风电场

500kV输电线路 220kV输电线路

至沙岭

至阿拉坦

25002000150010005000

1.10

1.08

1.06

1.04

1.02

1.00

x-Axis: ·çµç»ùµØ³öÁ¦: MW¿ªÂ³±±500kVĸÏß: µçѹ(pu)¿ªÂ³±±±ä220kVĸÏß: µçѹ(pu)¿ªÂ³±±35kVĸÏß: µçѹ(pu)

25002000150010005000

1.05

1.04

1.03

1.02

1.01

x-Axis: ·çµç»ùµØ³öÁ¦: MW¿Æ¶ûÇß500kVĸÏß: µçѹ(pu)ɳÁë500kVĸÏß: µçѹ(pu)ÐÂÃñ±ä500kV: µçѹ(pu)°¢À ̹±ä500kVĸÏß: µçѹ(pu)

DIg

SILE

NT

1.4 风电并网对系统无功电压的影响 Impacts on reactive power and voltage control

9

Page 10: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80.981.001.021.041.061.08

t/s

P M

-1.0-0.50.00.51.0

β

0.20.40.60.81.0

U

-150-75

075

150

Q/M

Var

1.01.11.21.3

-100

0

100

200

ω rP E/M

W

150MW 风电场,三 相短路故障,持续 0.1s 。 Wind farm capacity: 150

MW , Three-phase short-circuit fault , Duration: 0.1s

系统发生故障后的动态电压崩溃Dynamic voltage collapse after system fault

1.5 风电并网对系统稳定性的影响 Impacts on transient stability

10

Page 11: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

2008 年以来风电主要事故Wind power outage accidents since 2008

11

大量风电机组和光伏逆变器未经检测并入电网,由于不具备低电压穿越能力、电网适应性差,发生了多起大面积脱网事故。 Frequently large-scale

wind power outage accidents

2011 年发生 3 次大规模风电脱网事故;最严重一次造成风电机组脱网 1278 台。

酒泉风电基地

2010 年,风电机组无法耐受自身产生的谐波,大范围跳闸。

内蒙古地区

2010 年, 500kV合松线故障导致大量风电机组切除,风电出力骤降 70 万千瓦。

吉林地区

风电机组的电网适应性不足,电网正常运行时风电机组经常跳机。

山东地区

2009 年,电铁引起电网三相电压不平衡度增加,导致风电机组脱网。

河南地区

2011 年 4 月,佳鑫风电场内故障,造成张家口地区风电机组脱网 644 台。

张家口地区

内蒙古

1.5 风电并网对系统稳定性的影响 Impacts on transient stability

Page 12: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

乌北

楼兰

哈密

天光电厂

巴州

武胜

河西

酒泉

敦煌

瓜州

桥东变

桥西变 昌马西

玉门

嘉峪关

热电三厂

酒钢变

古浪

凉州

金昌 东大滩

双湾

山丹张掖

张掖电厂

金昌电厂

2×300

2×300

2×330

桥西第一风电场

桥西第二风电场

桥西第三风电场

桥东第一风电场

桥东第二风电场

桥东第三风电场

干西变

干西第一风电场

干西第二风电场 干西第三

风电场

干东变

干东第一风电场

干东第二风电场

干东第三风电场

506.59MW

514.74MW

197.98MW

367.32MW

361.99MW373.63MW

373.63MW

123.2

4MW

78.2M

W

177.90MW

109.

31M

W13

1.28

MW

55.89

MW

728.77MW

714.79MW

130.28MW128.17MW

114.51MW

118.79MW

115.04MW

107.19MW

40.46MW

39.38MW

183.8

6MW

184.1

9MW

36.84

36.17 38.2640.16

57.757.7

191.33MW

181.57MW

241.68MW

250.45MW

113.94MW

119.23MW

25.32MW

21.3MW

657.7MW

656.24MW

923.37MW

923.67MW

781.17kV

吐鲁番789.32kV

799.68kV

808.54kV378.25kV

800.1kV

786.9kV

780.26kV

378.17kV

380.56kV

357.61kV

380.0kV

598 台 628 台 705MW

840MW

1226 台 1545MW

50.034Hz 49.854Hz

12

故障地点:甘肃酒泉风电 Fault location: Gansu Jiuquan.

1.5 风电并网对系统稳定性的影响 Impacts on transient stability

Page 13: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

我国风电的发展及并网挑战Development & Challenges of Large Scale Wind Power

风力发电并网国家标准Grid Code for Wind Power Grid Connection

风力发电并网的关键技术应用与实践Application of Key Technologies and Practice in China

1

2

3

Page 14: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

根据中国风电发展的现状及并网运行的具体问题,在以下几个方面进行了修订 Main aspects :

风电功率预测 Wind power forecast 有功功率及其控制 Active power control

无功功率容量范围 Q capacity 电压控制 Voltage control 低电压穿越能力 LVRT 风电场接入电网测试 Grid compliance

test

2.1 风电并网标准 Grid Code for Wind Power Connection

14

Page 15: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

风电场应配置有功功率控制系统,具备有功功率调节能力。 The wind farm should equipped with active power control system.

场内所有运行机组应能够实现有功功率的连续平滑调节,并能够参与系统有功功率控制。 The running wind turbines should be capable of a continuous smooth adjust-

ment of the active power, and participating in active power control.

风电场应能够接收并自动执行电力系统调度机构下达的有功功率及有功功率变化的控制指令,风电场有功功率及有功功率变化应与电力系统调度机构下达的给定值一致。 Wind farms should be able to receive and automatically perform control instruc-

tions of active power set by the power system operator.

2.2 风电场有功控制要求 Active power control of wind farm

15

Page 16: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

风电场应配置风电功率预测系统,系统具有 0~ 72h 短期风电功率预测以及 15min~ 4h超短期风电功率预测功能。 The wind power forecast system should be installed in wind farm and the system

should have the function of 0~72h short-term wind power forecast and 15min~4h

ultra-short-term wind power forecast. 风电场每天按照电力系统调度机构规定的时间上报次日 0~ 24时风电场发电功率预测曲线,风电场每 15min 自动向电力系统调度机构滚动上报未来 15min~ 4h 的风电场发电功率预测曲线,预测值的时间分辨率为 15min 。 Wind farms daily report the wind power forecast curve of the next day 0 ~ 24 hour,

Wind farms automatically report wind power forecast curve of the next 15min ~ 4h

to the power system operator each 15min , the time resolution should be 15min.

2.3 风电场功率预测要求 Power forecast requirement of wind farm

16

Page 17: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

集中无功补偿设备必要时动态风电场主变有载调压

风电机组无功能力超前 0.95~滞后 0.95

普通风电场应补偿场内全部及送出线路的一半的无功损耗,风电基地的风电场应补偿场内及送出线路全部无功损耗。 Wind farm should have required reactive power capacity

to compensate the reactive power losses locally.

无功补偿VAR

无功补偿VAR

无功补偿VAR

风电场Wind farm

并网点电压 V Control

of POI-3%~+7%

电网Power grid

2.4 风电场无功容量 Reactive power capacity of wind farm

17

Page 18: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

基本要求 General requirements 有功恢复 Active power restore 电力系统故障期间没有切出的风电场,以至少

10 % PN/s 的功率变化率恢复至故障前的值。 动态无功支撑能力 Dynamic reactive power capability 百万千瓦级规模及以上的风电场群,三相短路故障,动态无功电流要求:

• 响应时间≤ 75ms ,持续时间应≥ 550ms 。

• IT≥1.5× ( 0.9-UT ) IN ,( 0.2≤UT≤0.9 )

2.5 风电场低电压穿越要求 LVRT requirement of wind farm

18

Page 19: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

我国风电的发展及并网挑战Development & Challenges of Large Scale Wind Power

风力发电并网国家标准Grid Code for Wind Power Grid Connection

风力发电并网的关键技术应用与实践Application of Key Technologies and Practice in China

1

2

3

Page 20: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

完成 12 个省及地区风电、光伏发电接纳能力研究。 More than 12 provinces and regions wind power, PV accommodation ability study. 完成了黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、青海、甘肃、海南、云南、广东电网内共超过 300 个风电场及光伏电站的接入系统研究。 More than 300 grid integration studies on wind farms and PV power stations.

20

3.1 仿真分析 Simulation and Analysis

Page 21: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

拥有计算核 6560 个、存储容量 376TB ,在 2011 年中国高性能计算机 TOP100排名中以每秒 53 万亿次运算速度位列第 41 位 ( 电力行业排名第一 ) 。可在 2.5小时内完成东北、西北、华北等主要风能开发区域网格分辨率为 5×5 千米的 96小时数值天气预报。 With 6560 CPU, storage capacity 376 TB, ranking at 41 in 2011 China‘s high-

performance computer TOP100 with a speed of 53 trillion times per second. 96 hours 5 * 5 km grid resolution numerical weather prediction of northeast, northwest, north China and other major wind power development area can be finished within 2.5 hours. 21

3.2 功率预测 Power Forecasting

Page 22: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

在辽宁、吉林、江苏、山东等网省调共建立 16套风电/ 光伏功率预测系统;覆盖近 400 个风电场 / 光伏电站,总装机容量超过 4000 万千瓦,预测规模世界首位;平均绝对误差 10%左右。

16 wind power/PV prediction systems, covering nearly

400 wind/PV power stations, the total capacity more than

40 GW, the average absolute error is about 10% 。22

3.2 功率预测 Power Forecasting

Page 23: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

占 地 面 积 24.6 平 方公里, 30 台风电机组测试机位。 National Wind Power

Testing Center in Zhangbei County, Hebei Province. 24.6 km*km, 30 wind turbine generalized foundation.

世界上规模最大、唯一具备检测风电机组全部整机性能( 7类 82 个参数)的试验基地 It is the largest test center having the capability of testing all the performances

of wind turbines (7 classes and 82 parameters) in the world. 23

3.3 检测认证 Testing and Certification

Page 24: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

开发了具有自主知识产权的新能源优化调度系统,可实现七天滚动机组组合优化启停安排、新能源和常规电源协调调度、新能源优化控制。 Developed RE optimization scheduling system with independent intellectual property

rights, which can realize rolling unit commitment optimization for seven days, RE and conventional power coordination scheduling, RE optimization control.

新能源优化调度系统 RE optimization scheduling system

24

3.4 优化调度 Optimal dispatching technology

Page 25: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

规划总容量为:风电 500MW ,光伏发电 100MW ,储能装置 110MW 。 一期工程建设风电 100MW 、光伏发电 40MW 和储能装置 20MW ,于 2011 年

12月 31日建成投产。 The planning capability: 500MW wind turbine, 100MW solar

modules, 110MW energy storage equipment. The first phase of the project construct 100MW wind turbine, 40MW solar modules, 20MW energy storage equipment.

3.5 风光储输示范工程—中国张北 Demonstration Project of Wind, PV, Energy Storage and

Transmission

Page 26: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

Cogeneration Intelligent Optimization Control System According to forecast for both light radiation and wind speed, the system can detect and intelligent optimize the wind farms, solar power plants, energy storage systems and substations. Furthermore, it can automatic configure and seamless switch from each operation modes.

3.5 风光储输示范工程—中国张北 Demonstration Project of Wind, PV, Energy Storage and

Transmission

Page 27: 中国电力科学研究院 Renewable Energy Department of CEPRI 迟永宁    Dr. CHI  Yongning

谢 谢Thanks!

迟永宁 [email protected]