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• Helper T cells are found in two distinct cell types,Th1 and Th2,distinguished by the cytokines they produce and the immune responses they are involved in
Function
• CKs secreted by Th1 can activate and attract macrophage to the inflammatory location.
• IFN-γ inhibits the proliferation of Th2
Function
• CKs secreted by Th2 play an important role in activation,differentiation,proliferation of B lymphocyte.
• IL-12 promoting activation of Th1.
• IL-10 inhibites Th1 secreting IFN-γ.
Th1 predominant response diseases
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM)
Theumatoid arthritis
Helicobacter pylori(HP) infection
Th2 predominant response diseases
• Systemic lupus eryhematosus
• Metal ion induced autoimmune diseases
Therapy
• Anti-Th1 type cytokine therapy
• Anti-Th2 type cytokine therapy
• Other therapy for Th1/Th2 cytokine balance
Mechanism of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
• Pancreatic islet βcell destroy insulin produced decrease
• DDM is mediated by Th1cell ,which produce large amount of IFN-γ.it is imoportant in leading to diabetes
therapy
• Inject IFN-γ monoclonal antibody can turn Th1 to Th2,then cytokines L-4,L-10 expression increase to prevent diabetes
1.downstream APC
2. inhibit Th1 proliferation
3.inhibit L-1,TNF-2 and other
cytokines(L-6,L-8) produced
4.inhibit matrix metal protein
produce
Prevent diabetes of NOD mice
• I-A27allelic gene56,57 mutation produce Th2 cell of pancretic islet β cell antigen specificity T cell no response prevent the disease
Other therapy for Th1/Th2 cytokine balance
(1)Mucosa tolerance: The TCR/CD3 complex of Th cell recognize MH
C-peptide complex of APC,change TCR、 antigen peptide and MHC
(2)Nirogen monoxide(NO) downstream Th1cell and upstream Th2 cell decrease the apoptosis of Th2 cell
Prospect
• Regulate the ratio of Th1 and Th2 by medicine,we can cure some diseases without clearly known mechanisms.For example:SLE
• With the development of the immunology,we all expected
these methods can be used to clinic , then these diseases will be cured.