(Planning and Sizing Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems)
Planning and Installing Photovoltaic Systems A guide for
installers, architects and engineers ( second edition ). First
published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2008. Copyright The
German Energy Society
2
4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.3 3
4.1. ( System size and module choice )
4
4.1. ( System size and module choice )
1. (CdTe ) (CIS) 2. /
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4.1. ( System size and module choice )
( ) ( Rough number) 6
4.1. ( System size and module choice )
(Rough overall power) 10m2 = 1KWP 7
4.1. ( System size and module choice )
Area requirement of PV systems ( Solarpraxis/DGS Berlin BRB
)
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4.1. ( System size and module choice ) 1KWP
7m2 ~ 9m2 6m2 ~ 7m2 7.5m2 ~ 10m2 9m2 ~ 11m2 12m2 ~ 17m2 14m2 ~
20m2
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4.2 ( System concepts ) 1. 2. 10
4.2 ( System concepts ) (14 ) (8 ) 11
4.2 ( System concepts ) ( Module tolerance ) ( Mismatch losses )
12
4.2 ( System concepts )2005 TUV Rheinland Werner Herrmann ISC
PMPP IMPP ( )13
4.2 ( System concepts ) 0.2 1
5 ISC PMPP IMPP 14
Mismatch in a PV array ( TUV
4.2 ( System concepts ) 15
4.2 ( System concepts ) ( De-central inverter ) (Sub-array
areas) (Different orientations and tilts) (Partially shaded) 16
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) (Low-Voltage Concept) (DC
< 120V) ( ) 17
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) (The entire string current)
(Short strings) (Longer strings) 18
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) ( The number of shaded
strings ) 120V ( Protection Class III )
19
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) (Ohmic losses)
(Building-integrated systems) (Custom-made modules) 20
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept )
Low voltage concept with central inverter ( Solarpraxis )
21
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept )Protection Class
PLANNING AND SIZING GRIDCONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS Page
153
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4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept )
Parallel connection of modules with four connection cables
PLANNING AND SIZING GRIDCONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS Page
15323
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) (OKE-Service) (Without bypass
diodes) ( Frameless crystalline modules ) 24
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) (Metal module mounting frame)
25
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) (DC wiring ) ( Fuse ) ( PV
combiner / junction box ) ( Protection Class II ) 26
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) (Only as a prototype) (Low
voltage range) 27
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept )
Parallel connection concept ( Solarpraxis )
28
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) (Higher voltage concept) (DC
120V) ( ) ( )
29
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) 30
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) Concept with central inverter
and higher voltages ( Solarpraxis )31
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) - (Master-Slave concept)
32
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) (Lower irradiance ) ( )
33
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) ( )
34
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept )
Masterslave concept with a central inverter unit ( Solarpraxis
)
35
( Munich Germany )
http://www.destination360.com/europe/germany/munich#
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( Munich Germany )
http://maps.google.com/
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4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept ) 1MW
http://maps.google.com/38
4.2.1 ( Central inverter concept )
1MW PV system of the Neue Messe exhibition centre in Munich,
Germany ( Shell Solar )
39
4.2.2 ( Sub-array and string inverter concept )
3kW 40
4.2.2 ( Sub-array and string inverter concept )
(Medium-sized) 41
4.2.2 ( Sub-array and string inverter concept )
42
4.2.2 ( Sub-array and string inverter concept )
43
4.2.2 ( Sub-array and string inverter concept )
(The least irradiance) 44
4.2.2 ( Sub-array and string inverter concept )
(String inverters) 500W 3000W.45
4.2.2 ( Sub-array and string inverter concept )
1
2
Sub-array and string inverter concept ( Solarpraxis )
46
4.2.2 ( Sub-array and string inverter concept ) 1MW
String inverters are used in the 1MW PV system on the Mont Ceris
Training Academy in Germany ( Scheuten Solar )
47
( Herne, Germany, Training Academy Mont-Cenis)
Entwicklungsgesellschaft Mont-Cenis
48
( Herne, Germany, Training Academy Mont-Cenis)
Entwicklungsgesellschaft Mont-Cenis
49
4.2.2 ( Sub-array and string inverter concept )
1. 2. 50
4.2.2 ( Sub-array and string inverter concept )
Rhine-Westphalia Mont Ceris 1MW 569 51
4.2.2 ( Sub-array and string inverter concept )
6 16 (MPP) 52
4.2.3 ( Module inverter concept ) MPP ( ) 53
4.2.3 ( Module inverter concept ) (AC modules) 54
4.2.3 ( Module inverter concept ) Module inverter concept (
Solarpraxis )55
4.2.3 ( Module inverter concept ) ( ) 56
4.2.3 ( Module inverter concept )
Efficiency curve of a central inverter and a
57
4.2.3 ( Module inverter concept ) ( ) 58
4.2.3 ( Module inverter concept ) 59
4.2.3 ( Module inverter concept ) 60
4.2.3 ( Module inverter concept ) Moritzplatz 61
4.2.3 ( Module inverter concept )
Module inverter ( NKF )
62
4.2.3 ( Module inverter concept )
PV facade of the ECN building in The Netherlands with string
inverters ( OJA-Services Tjerk Reijenga )
63
4.3 ( Inverter installation site ) ( )
64
4.3 ( Inverter installation site ) (The meter cupboard) (The PV
array combiner box) 65
4.3 ( Inverter installation site ) (The DC main cable ) 66
4.3 ( Inverter installation site ) (barn) (stable) (Ammonia
vapours) 67
4.3 ( Inverter installation site ) (Inverter cabinet) ...
(String inverters) 68
4.3 ( Inverter installation site ) IP54 69
E-mail [email protected]
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