反意问句 tag question

• 1. There is a pen on the desk, isn’t there?

• 2. Somebody borrowed my raincoat

• yesterday, didn’t they?

• Everyone knows his job, doesn’t he?

• 3. That is your bike, isn’t it?

• Those are wonderful, aren’t they?

•

• 4. I expect you will have a good time there, • won’t you? • 5. I don’t think that you can do these • exercises alone, can you? • 6. Let’s go for a walk, shall we?• Let us go home, will you?• Let me have a look at the project, will you?

• 7. One can’t be too careful, can one / he?

• 8. Somebody open this door, will you? /

• will they?

• 9. Post this letter for me, can you?

• 10. Be sure to write to us, will you?

• 11. They went with you, didn’t they?

• 特殊情况 :

• 1) They used to write to you, didn’t they?

• There used to be a cinema here, use(d)n’t

• there?

特殊情况 :

• 2) I’m doing well, aren’t I? • 3) Don’t make noise, will you? / can you?• 4) We ought to go now, shouldn’t we? /• oughtn’t we?

• 5) (A) must 做 “必须” 解时 :• He must keep his word, mustn’t he? • They must clean the floor after school, • needn’t they? •

特殊情况 : 第 5) 点

• (B) must not 做 “禁止”解时• They mustn’t take the book out of the

• reading room, may they?

• (C) must 做 “一定” , “ 准是”解时• * They must be playing football, aren’t

• they?

接前 C)

• * You must have misheard, haven’t you? • * It must have rained last night, didn’t it?

• 特殊情况• 6) I wish to have a rest now, may I? • 7) I don’t imagine that he cares, does he? • I don’t think that she knows French, does• she?

12. 否定转移句的 tag question:

• * I don’t suppose that he is serious, is he? • * I don’t suppose that you are serious, are• you?

• 13. 含半否定副词的陈述句如 (hardly, • scarcely, seldom, rarely, little, few, etc.)• He scarcely knew a word of English, did he?

14. 当 have 做成 “有”解时 :

• * He has scarcely time, has he? • * your father has a bad back, hasn’t / • doesn’t he?

• 15. 含否定前缀句子 , 用在 tag question 时 , 仍被

• 看作肯定句 : • That is impossible, isn’t it?

完形填空 （ 2 ）• 名词和所有格• 英语名词可数与否不可凭汉语随意推测。有些

名词只有单数形式即不可数名词（包括几乎所有物质名词和部分抽象名词）作单数使用。

• 常见的不可数名词：• Advice, assistance, accommodation, baggage, bree

d, business, cash, clothing, co-operation, dirt, damage, destiny, education, entertainment, equipment, evidence, fever, food, fun, furniture,

Gold, grass, homework, housework, ice, information, knowledge, land, laughter, lightning,

• Luggage, mail, meat, money, music, nonsense, passion, personnel, progress, protection, research, rice, rubbish, scenery, significance, sugar, traffic, trash, tuition, wealth, weather, etc.

• 有些名词单复数同形，如：• Aircraft, Chinese, deer, fish, Japanese, offsp

ring, sheep, shark, etc.

Examples: I’m a Chinese.

As Chinese we of course are for Chinese. • Fish are the main course at the family dinner.• 有些名词形式上是复数，实际上是单数，相关

的动、代词也为单数：• Crops, means, news, series, species, etc.• 有些名词只以复数形式出现，与其配用的动、

代词也为复数：• Jeans, (eye)glasses, pants, scissors, shorts, trousers,

belongings, clothes, customs, goods, manners, morals, remains, savings, surroundings, thanks, outskirts, valuables, wages, etc.

名词所有格的形式：• 有生命的： Kennedy’s murder,• 表示某些时间与距离的关系：

Three minutes’ walking• 无生命的： a concise dictionary of • synonyms• 所有格名词后的人或事物分属不同的人，

用多个所有格符号：• Both Liu’s and Li’s bikes are missing .

同属多人，用一个所有格符号：I’m Jone and Julia’s friend.

• 所有格后的名词是广为知晓的建筑、商店等，该名词可省略：

• St. Peter’s ( Cathedral)

• MacDonald’s ( snack)

• 还有一些所有格的固定用法：• A night’s absence

• Art for art’s sake

At one’s wit’s endfor heaven’s sakein my mind’s sake

• Ten dollars’ worth• The earth’s surface / the sea’s depth• 不定代词；• Each 代替两个或两个以上中的一个 :• Each of the twins was awarded a toy panda.• Every 代替三个或三个以上中的一个 :• Every nation enjoys the same right to choose its o

wn social system

不定代词 All 与 形容词 whole 的区别

• All 代表每一各别的人、事、物，可做单数也可做复数。

• Whole 代表各别人、事、物的整体或全体， 作单数。

• *All the staff members have collected the • money for their boss’s birthday present.• * The whole staff has collected the money• for their boss’s birthday present.

More Examples:

• All the fingers have become infected. / the whole hand has become infected.

• All chapters are well-written. / the whole book is well-written.

• 不定代词有若干习惯用法，表示特定含意：• Nothing but 只不过、只有• Anything but 根本不、除了……以外都行

Something of 略有、尚能、还行 no/none other than 就 / 正是，不是别的

• Other than 除了 以外、与 不同• Each other 彼此（两人之间）• One another 彼此（多人之间）• All ears / eyes 全神贯注地听、看• I’m nothing but a social zero.• Nothing but repeated communication can help you

master English.• Anything but alcohol will do.

Susan is anything but thoughtfulHe has seen something of life.

• Cf: Johnson is something of a professor.

• Johnson is not much of a professor =

• Johnson is no professor.

• The country I’m visiting is no other than your dream land.

• There was nothing to do other than (to) wait and hope.

The outcome is quite other than what I’ve

expected • Since graduation our class have lost contacts with

one another.• She stared at the home video scenes, all eyes and a

ll ears.

• 使用形容词的一些特殊用法：• Alike, alive, alone, asleep, ill, etc. 只能作表语，

不能作定语。不能说 an ill person

Round, circular, oval, square, pointed, perfect, complete, super 等词没有比较级或最高级形式。

• 主谓语一致（复习）• 某两个名词作为一个整体对待，由 and 连接，

动词用单数。如：• Bread and butter, confidence and trust, law and or

der, time and tide, etc. • A series of…, a kind of…, a portion of … 等短语

做主语，动词用单数。• A number of…, a variety of… 等短语做主语，

动词用复数。

考点紧紧围绕语篇

We also expect each place to be appropriate to its use. You would be ____ if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look like the inside of a restaurant.

A) amused B) interested

C) frightened D) shocked

考点主要为语法• The word used by the speaker may stir up

unfavorable reactions in the listener ____ interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.

• A) who B) as C) what D) which

考点主要为词汇（如辨词能力）• But they insisted that its _____ results

during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the majority of the English population.

• A) momentary B) prompt

• C) instant D) immediate

注意事项• 1 不能以点带面• 2 不能思维定势• 3 要触类旁通• 4 不能词语乱配• 5 不能忽略文章整体性

1 不能以点带面• 如：不能看到 attention 就想到 pay ，

其实还可以用 deserve, claim, attract, draw, concentrate 等构成动宾结构 .

• 又如；不能由 attention 就联想到 to ，还可以用 on, of, from 等与此搭配

2 不能思维定势• 考生须审时度势，要有语感，不能东拚西凑 :

• 如： capital letter, shade tree, heavy rain, 和 severe exercise program 分别表示 “大写、大树、大雨、大运动量”。

• 又如： thick weather, thick air, thick head, thick forest 和 thick voice 分别表示阴霾的天气、闭塞的空气、愚昧的脑袋、茂密的森林及沙哑的声音 .

• 要掌握词义的引申与扩大

3 要触类旁通 • 如前缀 anti- 主要有两个含义：• 1 ）属于由反物质构成的假设世界的，如 anti-

neutron 反中子• 2 ）反传 / 正统 . 如 anti-art 非正统艺术• E.g: “In my happier nightmares,” he adds, “I see

myself attending an anti-play with an anti-audience after a dinner prepared by an anti-cook..

• …” 吃了一顿由非传统派厨师做的晚餐；看非传统派戏剧；…

增强词组意识，提高胜算

• With all the shortage of funds they had not had the least intention of giving up their research.简单的一句话，可以有四个考点：

• Have an intention of,

• No / least intention of

• Give up

• With … give up

熟记常用连词，有备无患

• 连词用途广泛，可以是句内，也可以是句间，甚至是段落间。

• 如 with persistence, your self-talk can modify your thoughts and so help control reactions to stress. 句中 . And so 表示 “从而有助于……” 是一种逻辑关系。

• 又如： The ship failed to avoid the iceberg and sank to the bottom of the ocean at its first voyage. 句中 . And 表示 “于是沉入海底”，是一种递进关系。

考点分类回顾• 词组：• By 1990, even after 20 years of remarkable growt

h, US companies ____ only 33% of the world’s total stock market capitalization.

• A) compensate for B) accounted for• C) grope for D) stand for • Account for 表示“占有”

词组• From the company’s viewpoint, trying to keep cus

tomers _____ is done in three steps.• A) for life B) for long • C) for the better D) for the moment• For life 表示“终生”• For long 则用于否定句较多 :• E.g. He hasn’t been gone for long.• 他走了还不多久

搭配与句间关系• He spoke so convincingly that even his opponents

were ____ over by his arguments.• A) won B) got C) come D) run• Win over 表示“说服、把……争取过来”。• It is not so much the language ____ the cultural ba

ckground that makes the book difficult to understand.

• A) but B) nor C) as D) like• Not … but… 为固定结构

词的反义关系• The manager gave one of the salesgirls an a

ccusing look for her ____ attitude toward customers.

• A) impartial B) mild

• C) hostile D) affectionate

• Hostile 与 mild 分别表示“敌视的”和“温和的”。

反义关系 Take a message for sb. Leave a message with sb.

• Look ahead / look back

• Be in favor with / be out of favor with

• Admire / despise

• Relative / absolute

• Look down on (upon) / look up to

• Put on ( gain ) weight / lose / shed ) weight

辨义 • Seventy percent of football fans chose him

as their ____ player.

• A) popular B) attractive

• C) lovable D) favorite

• Favorite 表示 “特别受喜爱” • 而 popular “ 广受欢迎的”

辨义• Under the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, a steams

hip line is not responsible for damage to ____ due to insufficient packing.

• A) property B) asset• C) cargo D) commodity

• Cargo 表示（船、飞机、车辆装载的）货物。而 commodity 表示“商品、货物、农产品”。

Smart, wise, clever, bright, brilliant, intelligent

• Outing, journey, trip, tour, travel, voyage, expedition

• Opposite, adverse, contrary

• Worry, care, concern, anxiety

• Permit, allow, let, promise

• Include, contain, involve, comprise,

• consist of

语篇关系• Don’t put off doing what should be done to

day until tomorrow. ______, done with pleasure.

• A) Otherwise B) There• C) Nevertheless D) Meanwhile

• Meanwhile 表示“与此同时”， 起并列作用

语篇关系• Even before he got to the chemist’s, he had l

ost the prescription for the medicine, ____ had to go back to the doctor to get another one.

• A) but B) and

• C) similarly D) accordingly

• and 表示“于是”， 起一种时间序列作用

语篇关系• Only one man is best qualified for the particular p

ost, _____ the board of executives has no hesitation in appointing him to that post.

• A) and therefore B) and accordingly• C) then after D) just before• B) and accordingly 相当于 and according to it

表示“因此” . And therefore 也没错，但前面最好用分号。

语法关系• The country’s chief exports are coal, cars an

d cotton goods, cars ____ most important of these.

• A) have B) are

• C) being D) are being

• C) being 引导独立主格结构

语法关系• The indoor swimming pool seems to be a gr

eat deal more luxurious than _____.• A) is necessary B) being necessary• C) to be necessary D) it is necessary• Key: D) 比较级的验证方法之一是恢复原

样，即： the indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than it is necessary to be luxurious.

语法关系• She doesn’t let him leave the train at five mi

nute interval ____ he get lost.

• A) if B) because C) as D) lest

• D) lest 表示“免得”，•

• 后面动词用 should + 动词原形 , 此处省略 .

指代关系• I don’t think it’s wise of you to show off ou

r greater knowledge in front of the director, for ____ may offend him.

• A) it B) you C) this D) that

• A) it 在此指“炫耀”。

指代关系• In a money-oriented society, the average in

dividual cares little about solving ____ problems.

• A) other’s B) others’• C) anyone’s D) someone’s

• B) others’ 表示 “别人的问题”，但不是指一个人。

习惯用语• This is an illness that can result in total blindness_

__ left untreated.• A) after B) if C) since D) unless• B) if 句型中往往省略 it is, it was 等 .• Very little is known about the deep ___ of the Eart

h. A) insider B) inland• C) intermediate D) interior• D) the deep interior 表示（地球的） 内部。

习惯用语• They promised to strengthen _____ propert

y rights, details of which need not be repeated since they are now widely available.

• A) intelligence B) intelligent• C) intellectual D) intellect• C) intellectual property rights • 表示“知识产权”。

习惯用语• Opening up a nation’s economy and integra

ting it with the rest of the world makes the economy outward _____.

• A) oriented B) presented

• C) qualified D) styled

• A) the economy outward oriented

• 表示外向型经济。

习惯用语• How have the political ____ in Europe allo

wed themselves to run Western Europe’s economic affairs so badly?

• A) estate B) elite

• C) essence D) enemy

• B) the political elite 表示“政治精英”。

习惯用语• A new resource, which is human ____ , is s

upposed to reflect the education and experience of a worker.

• A) capital B) property

• C) power D) intelligence

• A) human capital 也表示“人力资源”。

介词用法• A ship with a heavy load of timber is reported to h

ave sunk three miles ___ the coast of California.• A) at B) in C) off D) on • C) off 与 coast 相呼应。该句意为“在离加州海岸 3 英里处。

• The landlord notified his tenants that their rent would be increased ____ 15% the following month. A) for B) with C) of D) by

• D) by 与 increase 等动词连用 .

介词用法• Although I had been invited to the opening

ceremony, I was unable to attend ____ such short notice.

• A) to B) in C) with D) on• D)这里不是 to 与 attend 搭配呼应， 而是 on 与 notice 的搭配。

• 该句意为：因是临时通知而没能出席开幕式。

介词用法• These proposals sought to place greater rest

rictions ___ the use and copying of digital information than exist in traditional media.

• A) in B) for C) on D) with • On 与 place 相呼应• More example: lay ( put , place ) emphasis

on…

介词用法• This is an exciting area of study, and one ___ whic

h new applications are being discovered almost daily.

• A) from B) by C) in D) through• C) in 与前面的 area 呼应。• I don’t want to lend any money to him; he is alrea

dy in debt ____ me. • A) for B) from C) to D) on• C) be in debt to sb. 表示欠某人的钱

介词用法• Before the students set off, they spent much t

ime setting a limit ___ the expense of the trip.

• A) to B) about C) in D) for

• A) to 与 set 连用。• 又如 set fire to the house.; （ 放火烧房

子） set sb. to a task. 使某人着手从事某项工作

句型结构• The business of each day, _____ selling goods or s

hipping them, went quite smoothly.• A) it being B) was it• C) be it D) it was• C. 虚拟句型。 又如： Be he friend or enemy

（不管他是朋友还是敌人）• 本句意为：不管是货物销售还是装运，声意都很顺利。

句型结构• It is in moving the most weight over the gre

atest distance for the longest time ___ you burn the most calories.

• A) when B) thus C) then D) that

• D) that

• It is … that …引导强调句型

句型结构• How dishonest of him ____ the book he had

borrowed!

• A) not returned B) to not return

• C) not returning D) not to return

• D) not to return

• 此为感叹句型。注意否定词 not 的位置。

前后呼应• The chief reason for the population growth i

sn’t so much a rise in birth rates ____ a fall in death rates as a result of improvement in medical care.

• A) and B) as C) but D) or

• B) as 应与 not so 相呼应 .

• 即： Not so (much )… as …

前后呼应• Why are so many hungry? Susan George affirms

with solid evidence that it is not because there are too many passengers on “Spaceship Earth”, _____ because of changing climates, ______ because food is controlled by the rich.

• A) but, and B) not, but • C) not, and D) and, but• B) not 与 but 相呼应，即： not because…but b

ecause… 表示“不是因… 而是因…”

Key: 1. to 2. at 3. into 4. over 5. for 6. for 7. away 8. to 9. on 10. across 11. with 12. over  

I. (Verbal expressions) Fill in the missing verbs below. Choose from the following (use each verb once only.)

• pay lose take elicit switch haunt resolve• boost indulge shatter expend achieve untangle

accomplish

• 1.      To ___ responsibility 2.   To ___ one’s goal • 3.      To ___ the price 4.   To ___ one’s belief • 5.     To ____ hope 6.   To ____ focus

7.   To ____one’s dream 8. To _____ the library

1 9. To _____ the paradox

Key:

• 1.      To ___ responsibility 2.   To ___ one’s goal • 3.      To ___ the price 4.   To ___ one’s belief • 5.      To ____ hope 6.   To ____ focus 7.   To ____one’s dream 8. To _____ the library 9. To _____ the paradox

• 1. take 2.achieve• 3. pay 4. shatter• 5. lose 6. Switch• 7.accomplish 8. haunt • 9. resolve•  

介词• 1. Here are seven keys ______ success that

• they share.

• A ） for B ） at C ） on D ） to

• 2. Les Brown was given up by his parents

• ______ birth and labeled “educable

• mentally retarded” as a child.

• A ） in B ） by C ） to D ） at

To, at

• 3. But _____ the heat of the sun, nothing

• could live.

• A ） that B ） to C ） only D ） for

• 4. This means you have more control

• ______my life than I do.

• A ） in B ） of C ） on D ）over

For, over

• 5. Taking responsibility ______ your life is

• one of the most empowering things you

• can do.

• A ） in B ） up C ） on D ） for

• 6. Some people blame everyone from their parents

• to the government _______ their failure to get

• ahead.

• A ） of B ） in C ） on D ） for

For, for

• 7. When you say someone or something outside • of yourself is preventing you from succeeding• you’re giving _______ your power.• A) in B) off C) back D) away• 8. When you’re truly committed ______ your

goal,• giving up isn’t even an option. • A) for B) on C) in D) to

Away, to

• 9. But instead of giving up, they stayed focused• ______ their goal. • A) against B) in C) from D) on

• 10. Later Brown was helping clean out her office• when he came ______ some notes for a play. • A) after B) about C) off D) across•

On, across

• 11. If you start out ______ a slight deficit in IQ,

• you may get frustrated by reading and cogitating.

• A ） by B ） at C ） on D ） with

• 12. The high heritability of IQ suggests that environment

• is feeble, but IQ gains ______time suggest that

• environment is overwhelming.

• A ） in B ） on

• C ） within D ） over

Key:

• 1. to 2. at 3. for

• 4. over 5. for 6. for

• 7. away 8. to 9. on

• 10. across 11. with 12. over

•  

Error, energy, economy, effect

• 1. Our aim is always to guide• students to understanding and• thereby to help them• minimize_____.

• 2. The time of day when you feel• most _____is when your cycle of body• temperature is at its peak.

slight, mere, passion, desire

• 3. A once ambitious person, he now• became one with the _____desire to• have fun now and then.

• 4. His lifelong _____for teaching• began in childhood, and he made it• his prime duty to educate people in the• countryside.

wealth, luxury, die, fade

• 5. In that country, the rich lead lives of

• _____, while the poor, struggling for

• their lives, cannot keep the wolf from

• the door.

• 6. The lights and music _____as we set

• sail from the harbor.

hit, shatter, seize, haunt

• 7. She was only 13 years old when

• the event occurred that_____ her

• entire world.

• 8. It seems that the desire for eternal

• life still _____human beings.

Error, energy, economy, effect

• 1. Our aim is always to guide• students to understanding and• thereby to help them• minimize (errors)

• 2. The time of day when you feel• most (energetic)is when your cycle • of body temperature is at its peak.

slight, mere, passion, desire

• 3. A once ambitious person, he now• became one with the ( mere ) desire to• have fun now and then.

• 4. His lifelong ( passion) for teaching• began in childhood, and he made it• his prime duty to educate people in the• countryside.

wealth, luxury, die, fade

• 5. In that country, the rich lead lives of

• (luxury ), while the poor, struggling

• for their lives, cannot keep the

• wolf from the door.

• 6. The lights and music (fade) as we set

• sail from the harbor.

hit, shatter, seize, haunt

• 7. She was only 13 years old when

• the event occurred that

• ( shattered) her entire world.

• 8. It seems that the desire for eternal

• life still ( haunts )human beings.

Key:

• 1. errors 2. energetic,

• 3. mere 4. passion

• 5. luxury 6. faded

• 7. shattered 8. haunts

Phases & Expressions

• 1. take up (sth.) : start to do (it) 开始做• 2. turn (sb.) down : reject an offer or application

• 3. come across: meet or find by chance 偶然遇见 或发现• 4. go after (sth.): try to obtain (sth.) 设法得到（某物）

• 5. make no sense :not have an understandable meaning

• 6. take hold: continue on

• 7. account for: cause sth.; provide explanation for

• 8. make no difference

• 9. in the blinks of an eye

• 10. leave aside 11. in contrast

• 1.       When he was looking for his missing son, his heart began a crazy rhythm, and an intense anxiety took hold of him.

• 2.       In an exam, you should leave aside the difficult questions and try to answer the easier ones first.

• 3. He was so starving that he ate the whole bowl of noodles in the blinks of an eye.

• 4. At least, this explains the greater job stability in Japan, in contrast to the great job mobility in America.

• 5. Once Sam decided what he

• wanted, he went after it with

• single-mindedness that reminded

• me of his father.

• 6. “The radio is out of order." "Oh,

• that would account for the strange

• noise it's making."

• 7. If you take up this assignment,

• you are likely to encounter many

• difficulties.

• 8. Whenever he came across an

• unfamiliar word in his reading he

• would look it up in a dictionary.

• 9. To compel a pupil to obey a teacher• makes no sense; we should try to tell• them what is right and what is wrong.• 10. While there is no responsibility imposed• by law upon employees to cooperate with • their employer, they must not betray their• employer's trust, for instance by giving• away trade secrets.

• 11. “Shall I travel by air or by train to

• Shanghai?” “It makes no

• difference. Both are very

• convenient.”•       

strike

• * The workers are calling for a strike as their• request of pay rise has been refused.• * A striking feature of these statistics is the high• proportion of youth unemployment. • * The earthquake that struck the region was• considered to be the worst natural disaster this• country’s history.• * The majority of young people nowadays are well• educated even in the poverty-stricken• areas.

fate

• * Beethoven’s Heroic Symphony and Fifth • Symphony both show his courage in struggling• with his fate.

• *The three flight crewmembers endure fatal• injuries; and the airplane was destroyed by a• post-accident fire.

• * If the plane crash happened near one of the• huge cities, we believe fatalities could be ten• times greater.•  

resolve, resolution

• It was leaked to the media that the president had • resolved to fight, if war was necessary, even if it

meant destroying his chances of re-election.

• He is a man of resolution. Nothing could keep him from carrying out his plan.

• The meeting lasted two weeks, but was unable to resolve the differences between the two parties.

endure enduring endurance

• When the pain became no longer endurable, he took some pain-killers.

• The sick man cannot endure the fatigue of the long journey.

• I shall be left with many enduring memories of the time I spent in Hawaii.

• Sailing across the Atlantic single-handed required great endurance and determination

•  

incredible, credible, credibility

• His story was so strange that few people found it credible.

• The Prime Minister’s credibility was damaged in the scandal.

• He was absent from class and he gave an incredible excuse.

mental mentality

• Different fields of research have found out many different factors that can affect both physical and mental behavior .

• Martin Luther King denounced not only the whites for their paternalism and racism, but also the blacks or their enduring 'slave mentality'.

rigid rigidity rigidly

• *The coach insisted on rigid• adherence to the rules much to the• annoyance of the players. • * The rigidity of the metal caused it to crack• easily.• * These old country houses were rigidly• constructed buildings.

fantasy

• Her favorite fantasy was about owning a big house and a fancy car.

• The campus captures the students' hearts with its fantastic scenery

turn down

• The music is so loud that it will hurt your ears as well as your brain, so turn it down.

• His proposal to the committee was turned down because it is not feasible at all.

• The boss thought him a trouble-maker and turned him down.

•  

turn up

• It's no good waiting for something to turn up; you have to take actions.

• One roommate is always cold, while the other never wants to turn up the furnace, even though the thermometer says it's minus five outside.

turn over

• I know the boy behaved very badly on his last visit, but I promise you that he's turned over a new leaf and will be good behavior from now on.

• The day-to-day management of the firm has been turned over to a department manager.

• The bicycle suddenly turned over as he rode along; he is not a good rider.

•  

turn out

• * A single coining press at the Philadelphia Mint• started turning out the nickels at the rate of 120• a minute.• * Any principle, if carried to an extreme, may• often turn out unexpected results, either good or• bad.• * Though it looked like rain this morning, it has• turned out to be a fine day.• * He turned out to have a younger brother. /It• turned out that he had a younger brother.

take up / take after / take over/ take apart

• if you take up this assignment, you

• are likely to encounter many

• difficulties.

• We won't take up too much of your

• time, but we really do want to clear

• up this misunderstanding.

• In the event of a strike, the army will take over responsibility for fighting fires.

• One computer takes over the tasks of dozens of office workers.

• The boy takes after his father: he has the same red hair, big feet, and quick temper.

• The two girls take after their mother very much in appearance.

• A child of two years old usually enjoys taking apart everything that s/he can get.

• It seems oil has been leaking from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

•  

• China has struggled to gain control over the Internet as more and more people gain access to obtain information beyond official sources.