信息引力论的验证Test the origin of gravity as an entropy force

程曜清华大学工程物理系2010,March

Newton

http://www.studio-ylin.com/cambridge/DSC06002.jpg.牛顿 1643-1727图 :维基百科

21 2

2 2

mmd xF ma m F Gdt R

理性力学

Einstein

爱因斯坦 1879-1955图 :维基百科 等效原理 :重力弯曲空间图 :维基百科

21 2

2 2

4

8

mmd xF ma m F Gdt R

GG g Tc

Erik P. Verlinde

Erik P Verlinde 1962-图 :Guus Dubbelman / de Volkskrant重力由信息产生http://plus.maths.org/issue51/features/maldacena/HologramIllustration_small.jpg

22BdS SF ma T kdx N c

J0806.3+1527

Binary white dwarfs 50,000 miles apart orbiting with period of 321sRight ascension: 08h 06m 23.20s, Declination: +15° 27' 30.20"Distance: 1600 light years, Mass: 0.5 (primary) / 0.5 (b) M ☉Frequency 0.374 min-1, GW amplitude 10-21

http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2005/j0806/

n

p+

n

Ground stateGround state

Long-lived isomeric state

(, ’) processLong-lived Emission

Cascade Decay

Bremsstrahlung

De-excitation process should provide isotropic emission

Long-lived Mössbauer Photon

Experimental Procedure

Dependence on ExposureI

II

III

Phase transition of collective mode

Cooling Effect

Mollow TripletStrong coupling between photon and nuclei

f

i R

R

RR

kink

Rabi frequencyR 430 eV

1. Resonance2. Strong field

• Localization• Translational symmetry breaking

3. Macroscopic coherence• Macroscopic polarization• Rotational symmetry breaking

4. Irreversible nonlinear increase• Trapped collective mode

5. Phase transition

Anomalous Emissions of 103mRh

Typical spectral profile of 103mRh emissions measured by the HPGe detector. 1: unknown 2: escapes of K lines, 3: K lines, 4: K lines, 5: escapes of , 6: pile-ups between K lines and their escapes, 7: , 8: pile-ups of K lines.

Rh K edge

f

i

k

Cascade decay

Anomalous Peaks

Rotational symmetry breakingGoldstone mode19.8 8keV=1/2(39.76 keV)

Anomalous Emissions of 93mNb

Typical spectral profile of 93mNb emissions measured by the Si detector. 1: unknown 2: Zr K lines, 3: Nb K lines, 4: Zr K lines, 5: Nb K lines, 6: unknown.

f

i

k1 2

3

45

6

Ei-Ef=30.8 keV

Anomalous Emissions of 93mNb

f

i

k

Massive Goldstone mode15.4 keV=1/2(30.8 keV)

Ei-Ef=30.8 keV

Cascade Decay in Cavity

Atom-field coupling

f

i

Two-level atomwith forbidden transitionE=Ei-Ek=Ek-Ef

=1/2(Ei-Ef)E is the resonant frequency of cavity

kE

|G,1/2->

|E,7/2+>39.76keV

1

23

4

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

k1 k2E2

E1

H1+H2

k1 k2

qm+Gh

Cascade Biphoton

Superradiance(Collective Mode)1 1

fi fi fi fiN N N

Superradiance M NM M NMNN

s i M m

s i h m

k k G q

, ,1 1

1, ,

N N

h n jkh mh j mh k m h nn m jkh

g b O A A aN

R q G R

, ,, 1

, ,, 1

1,

2

12

s s i i

s i

s i

Ni i

jkh s i mh j mh k s i M m s i m hm

Ni i

mh j mh k s i M m m hm

A A e eN

A A e eN

k r k r

k k

K R k r

k k

r r k k q G

K q G

2,

1

, ,1

, sin

, cos

hm

hm

i Nis

h ml jm j

i Nit

jkh ml j m km

eA e

N

eA A e

N

G Rq R

G Rq R

R r k r

R r k r

Brillouin Scattering

Anderson-Higgs Mechanism

2 4*

2 2 2 2

1 1 1 14 2 2 4

1 1 14 2 4

2

i

A

H

L F F igA igA

ve

L F F g v A A v

M gv

M

Massive wave

E

103mRh spin-density waveSchematic drawing of 1+2D texture

Exchange coupling J>0 Ferro for Fermion and Antiferro for Boson

BEC or Cooper Paring?1012 cm-3, BEC critical density with eV mass at 300K

Onsager-Feynman quantization condition

of superfluid state

se

e v dlm

K

K CoutsCouts

Off-diagonal Long-ranged Order

Off-diagonal Long-ranged Order

Biphoton lasing?

Summary of Experimental Results

• Massive nuclear spin-density wave (eV mass)• Strong coupling• Transparent to electrons• Symmetry Breaking (rotation & translation)• Collective Mode in Photonic Crystal• BEC phase Transition (order parameter: biphoton parity?)• Sensitive to Gravity• Giant Magneton eV/T• Biphoton lasing

g h

1 0 0 00 1 0 00 0 1 00 0 0 1

0 0 0 00 0 1 00 1 0 00 0 0 0

i kz th he

Detection Band

• Low frequency band: 100 nHz – 1Hz• Long-lived nuclear states obtained by

bremsstrahlung and neutron irradiation– 103mRh: half-life 56 min– 93mNb: half-life 16.12 yr– 195mPt: half-life 4.02 d– 193mIr: half-life 10.53 d

Quantum Electrodynamics

Dipole

21 2: fi f iFermi golden rule M

2

3

0, 1 ...

0, 10

i

fi

f i e i

eM f imc

k rA P k r k r

A P k r k r

Quadruple

fi IeM f H i f imc

A P

Cascade decay with entangled biphoton

2

fik i k i

f k k ieMmc

A P A P

f

i

k

Nuclear Raman Effect12I

eH f i f h imc m

A P P P!

2

2 3

0, 0

1 ...

0, 10

j k

i

fi

f i f P r i

e i

eM f imc

k r

P

A A k r k r

A P k r k r

Octupole

GW-induced

2

2 22103 18

2 2293 21

2

: 10

: 10

fik i I i

mfi fi

mfi fi

f k k h ieM hm c

For Rh M h M h

For Nb M h M h

A P P P

!!

! !

! !f

iGW

Frequency Band of Interest

• Low frequency band: 100 nHz – 1Hz• Candidates of multipolar nuclear transitions• Following long-lived states have been carried

out by bremsstrahlung irradiation– 103mRh: half-life 56 min– 93mNb: half-life 1.6 yr– 195mPt: half-life 4.02 d– 193mIr: half-life 10.53 d

Suggested Detection Scheme (103mRh)

t

R

Mollow triplet

LN2 cooling

f

0pairGW

23

9 20

13 24

10

10 1, 10

10 1, 10

R fiM h t

for N

N h h

N h h

!

! !

! !

biphoton

R

R

i

0pair

J0806.3+1527

Binary white dwarfs 50,000 miles apart orbiting with period of 321sRight ascension: 08h 06m 23.20s, Declination: +15° 27' 30.20"Distance: 1600 light years, Mass: 0.5 (primary) / 0.5 (b) M ☉GW amplitude 10-21, GW frequency 0.374 min-1.http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2005/j0806/

Arms of Milky way

Oscillation Frequency of the Rabi FloppingPoor RepetitionThe peak at 0.372 min-1 is 0.5% less than 0.374 min-1, which is the GW frequency of J0806.3+1527

Oscillation Frequency of the Rabi Flopping

Morning, 24th, may, 2006 Night, 23rd, may, 2006

Poor RepetitionThe peak at 0.368 min-1 is 2% less than 0.374 min-1, which is the GW frequency of J0806.3+1527