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nti'a JJ Lnin (TO CALM AND COMFORT) !If ... ....,.. t11f11t;)'1t1'1T4"n2JT4 Un'17Amn 2551 3 0 liJ.0. 2552

กล่อมเกลา = To calm and comfort · TO CALM AND COMFORT By Mr. Trakul Khammongkhun A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor

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nti'a JJ Lnin (TO CALM AND COMFORT)

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TO CALM AND COMFORT

By

Mr. Trakul Khammongkhun

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Fine Art (B.F.A)

Department of Graphic Arts

THE FACTUlTY OF PAINTING SCULPTURE AND GRAPHIC ARTS

SllPAKORN UNIVERSITY

2008

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Thesis Title

Name

Concentration

Department

Academic Year

To Calm and Comfort

Mr. Trakul Khammongkhun

Graphic Arts

Graphic Arts

2008

Abstract

The unstable state of mind and emotion resulting from the impact of economic and

social dynamic leads to the struggle to find a solution and to survive in the present situation.

Many difficulties have urged me to wonder how to solve these urgent problems. The

ultimate goal of answering this question is to be free from sufferings, be it mental or

physical. As a consequence, this reminds me of my nostalgic childhood, of my handcrafted

mobiles. The big and small fish mobiles hung above my mother's cradle was like a trick that

brought me to blissful peace amidst the constant change of time and situation. This very

same thing flashes back in my mind and becomes my inspiration to create this series of my

art thesis. The adaptation of new perspectives and forms to the same media is my strategy

and intention to imply the nourishment of the mind. making it a mind of tranquility and purity

free from all attachments and misery.

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Thavorn Ko-Udomvit (m1'l lm~~lltjYlrh

Symbols in Ritual 1991/2

Woodblock, Screen Print and Chine-Colle'on Sa Paper

66 x 86 CM., 1991

Edition: 20, Plus 3 A.P.

29

cl fll'WfI 2

'i "".Thavorn Ko-Udomvit (Ull'l IO~Yl1I1f1J)

Symbols in Ritual

Woodblock, Screen Print and Chine-Colle'on Sa Paper

63 x 98 CM.

30

Thavorn Ko-Udomvit (tlll'l 1fl~~nJ1Y1J)"''' Fetish 1996 I A 1

Woodblock, Printed both sides, Screen Print, Chine-Colle' and Stamp on Sa Paper

140 X 150 CM : 1996

31

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J J Alexander Calder (OInn"'1\H~tl'l flUll~tl'l)

Big Red, 1959

Painted Sheet Metal

9 Feet 6 Inched wide

Whitney Museum of American Art New York

Gifted of the Friend of the Whitney Museum of American Art

32

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01 Alexander Calder (el~fl"IJ1\.,lI'-'D"l fllm.-.e"l)

France Forever

Painted Metal and Wood

76 X 61 Inch

Washington, 1944

Dedicated to French Resistance

33

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Alexander Calder (omfl"l'\.,!I~O'l tllt'1l~O'l)

Standing Mobile

Glass, Metal

Height 20 Inch, Ca 1942

Proven are: Mr. and Mrs. Alfred H. Barr Junior, New York

34

.d ill'W'fI 7

Alexander Calder (oumOU1UIPlO'l flliUPlO'l)

Untitled Mobile, 1973-1977

Painted Aluminum Honey Comb, Wire Rods

60 Feet wide

National Gallery of Art Washington D.C.

Gift of the Collectors Committee

35

36

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37

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40

41

~ fll'Y'tfl 12 "Object of My Happiness No.1"

49 x 69 em.

Lithograph

42

fll'rtl1 13 "Object of My Happiness No.2"

50.5 x 69 cm.

Lithograph

43

44

fll'Ytn 14 "Duck Family"

'U'Ulfl 65 x 86 em.

!'VIfi 'U "" fI Lithograph

45

i1n~n 15 "Mobile"

'tI'UWI 86 x 60.5 em.

Lithograph

46

.d fll'Yft1 16 "tTUYlUl"

93 x 68 em . .,

l'YIfI'Ufi Lithograph

47

.,; ftl'VfYl 17

'\Jl..!lfl 93 x 68 em.

'" l'Ylfll..!fl Lithograph

4d

50

.d fIl'WfI 19 "Mind's Lulaby Song No.2"

91.5 x 63 em.

Lithograph

51

.,. .fll'rffl 20 "Mind's Lulaby Song No.3"

'U'U1~ 92 x 61 em.

Lithograph

52

.,; fll'Vt'tl 21 "Mind's Lulaby Song No.4"

92 x 60 em .

.,.

l'Ylfl'UfI Lithograph

53

cl .fll'VfYl 22 "Mind's Lulaby Song No.5"

'U'Ul~ 65 x 90 em.

Lithograph

54

fll'nn 23 "Mind's Lulaby Song NO.6"

68 x 91.5 em.

Lithograph

55

.t .fll'Wn 24 "Mind's Lulaby Song NO.7"

68 x 93 em.

Lithograph

56

ncyqn L,;1CY~1l1l~. 1l1'ViVi~vrih&. ntuVl'Vi'1 : tl~1UVlf. 2550.

Vlf'I flruU1'Vi1. 8 untluLL~::;flU'Vhnu~flU1V1t1flI)1i~nu~::;U1';~~1. nl..:JLVI'Vi'1 : Vlf'lUnru, 2549. '" , ,

lh::;1l1fi 'Jl~f'I11UUv1. L'Vh~I)..:Jtl1tilmr. Vi~vrflf..:JVl6. nt..:JLVI'Vi'1 : L'ljffl'VitltJv1"'ufi'Jl~..:J, 2550. '" .,J ,

______. ~::;L~tl..:J1tl~1U. Vi~vrflf..:JVI 5. nt..:JLVI'Vi'1 : L'ljffl'VitltJi"'ufi'Jl~..:J, 2550 .

.., 111V1tl~n'lV

Ko-Udomvit Thavorn. " Art Exhibition By Thovorn Ko-Udomvit 1989-1990." Art Exhibition at

Seven Seas Gallery 18 September-14 October 1990., 1990.

Ko-Udomvit Thavorn. "Thovorn Ko-Udomvit Print 1990-1992." Art Exhibition at Gallery APA,

Nagoya, Japan 15 May-7 June 1992. Thailand., 1992.

Ko-Udomvit Thavorn. "Fetish 1996-1997." Art Exhibition at Gallery APA, Nagoya, Japan.

Thailand., 1992.

Lipman, Jean. Alexander Calder and His Magical Mobile. New York: Hudson-Hill, 1981.

Marchesseau, Daniel. The Ultimate World of Alexander Calder. New York: A Time Mirror,

1989.

57

.J 1l1YlYl 1 Object of My Happiness No.1

1l1Yl~ 2 Object of My Happiness No.2

, 1l1YlVi 1 Duck Family

1l1Yl~ 2 Mobile .J

1l1YlYl 3 ~UYlU1

.J 1l1YlYl 4 ~'fl'l~'fltl

71!1;'B~'iHI1UftatJilvcufi

, 1l1YlYl

... 1 Mind's Lulaby Song No.1

.J 1l1YlYl 2 Mind's Lulaby Song No.2

.J 1l1YlYl 3 Mind's Lulaby Song No.3

1l1Yl~ 4 Mind's Lulaby Song No.4 .J

1l1YlYl 5 Mind's Lulaby Song NO.5

.J 1l1YlYl 6 Mind's Lulaby Song No.6

.J 1l1V!Yl 7 Mind's Lulaby Song NO.7

Lithograph

Lithograph

Lithograph

Lithograph

Lithograph

Lithograph

Lithograph

Lithograph

Lithograph

Lithograph

Lithograph

Lithograph

Lithograph

49 x 69 rUJ.

50.5 x 69 'OJ.

65 x 86 "lI'-I.

86 x 60.5 "lI'-I .

93 x 68 "lI'-I.

93x 68 "lI'-I.

91.5 x 63 "lI'-I.

91.5 x 63 "lI'-I.

92 x 61 "lI'-I.

92 x 60 "lI'-I.

65 x 90 "lI'-I.

68 x 91.5 "lI'-I.

68 x 93 "lI'-I.

58

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(Cross Boarder)"

- 1'llJLLfI~~&Jfi~IU Guanlan Internat'ional Print Biennial 200

- 1'llJLLfI~~&Jfi~IU 14th International Print Biennial 2007

- 1'llJLLMI~&Jfi'lIU Thelosifiser International Contemporary Engraving Biennial

thExhibition 7 edition

2549 - i'llJLLfI'M&Jfi~IU 15th International Biennale of Children and Youth Graphic

Art Poland

71~-r'a/Ln!l7i1Am 2551 - Grand Prize 2008 Young Thai Artists Award (2 Dimensional Art), Siam

Cement Group

2551-2547 - 1~flJ'VIUn11i1nl!tl~tlLdtl'l"lnlJfiilfi Cement Thai . .. 2544 - Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Gold Medal for Printing in the international

children's Competition 2001 (SICC) Shannar's International Children

Competition, New Delhi

59

2543

2542

- The republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture General Direcorate of Fine Art

International ATATURK children's Arts Exhibition, Ankara Turkey 200010-14

age group Gold Medal

- Gold Award the 30th

International Children's Art Exhibition 2000, Japan

- Silver Award the 29th

International Children's Art Exhibition 1999, Japan

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