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指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指 指指指 指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指 ,,,。,,, 指指指指指指指指 指指指指指 指指指指指 ,,。 指指指指指10% 指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指 指指指指指 指指指指指 指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指 指指 ,,。、、,,, 指指指指 指指指指指指指指指指指 32% 指指指指指 指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指指 ,,。,, 指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指指指指指 ,。。 指指指指指指指指指指 指指 指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指 ,一。,,,。 指指 指指 指指指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指 。一,,。 指指指指 指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指 ,。指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指 指指指指指指指 ,,,。, ,。 指指指指 指指指指指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指 ,,。,,。,,。 指指指指 指指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指 ,,, 指指指指指指指指指指指 指指指指指指 指指指指指指 ,,。、,,。 指指 指指指指指指指 An Unforgettable Smell 指指指 ,,。 指指指指 指指指指指指指 ※指 指

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  指考於七月初舉行,天氣的燠熱本屬意料中,可是今年的天氣卻超乎尋常地熱,考生們都熱昏了。幸好,此次英文試題比較簡易,身處烤箱中,考生可以少些焦慮,多些把握,冷靜作答。詞彙題只有10%,而且題目的句子與選項,均屬偏易程度。綜合測驗、文意選填、篇章結構

等,選文上下連慣性佳,又多為常見詞彙,所以容易作答。倒是閱讀測驗如同以往占32%,雖然簡單,卻需要耗時作答。所以考生考前要多閱讀,並且注重文法與段落結構概念,才能迅速看出各段大意,輕鬆找到內文細節。速度快是閱讀制勝的王道。    秉 持 服 務 與 回 饋 的 精 神 , 南 一 依 循 慣 例 製 作 此 次 指 考 試 題 解 析 。 其 中 包 含 完 整 的 題 目 中 譯 及解 題 要 訣 , 並 探 討 今 年 的 試 題 趨 勢 , 希 望 針 對 您 帶 領 學 生 們 準 備 指 考 時 , 有 些 許 幫 助 。

詞彙從近幾年的指考詞彙出題趨勢中,我們確信不需要給學生過於冷僻的詞彙。今年指考詞彙近九成都曾出現在南一版教科書中,如果學生能熟背課本單字,相信即可輕鬆解答詞彙題。

綜合測驗此次的綜合測驗難度屬於中等略偏易,所以容易得分。教師要訓練學生解題時掌握題目測試類型,是測試文法,還是上下語意,或是搭配字詞。如此可節省作答時間,能將時間挪至閱讀部分,這才是致勝之道。

文意選填教學上可利用教科書中的課文帶領,將課文中比較特殊的句子寫在黑板,指定學生上台作分析。這樣,學生見到句子,會自然想起五大句型與詞性的用法。成為自然的習慣後,加上平日培養的閱讀能力,必然可提升解答文意選填的速度。

篇章結構 老師們可以從段落的寫法,以及段落之間的連貫性著眼,訓練學生畫出相關的字或字群,如此有益於篇章結構的得分,尚可增進寫作的能力。

閱讀測驗只要時間足夠,相信考生可看完四篇選文,並且答題情形令人滿意。所以如何在前面綜合測驗、文意選填與篇章結構中快速作答,省下更多時間好解閱讀測驗大題,正是此次指考中致勝的關鍵。

作文 今年度作文題目An Unforgettable Smell可利用網絡圖發展情節敘述,若寫作前能構思緊密的結構,相信學生能寫出不會偏離主題並且語意連貫的文章。

英文考科名師■林麗慧老師

※試題、答案依據大考中心公布內容

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一、詞彙(10 分)說明:第1 至10題,每題選出一個最適當的選項,標示在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。每題

答對得1 分,答錯或劃記多於一個選項者倒扣1/3 分,倒扣到本大題之實得分數為零為止。未作答者,不給分亦不扣分。

1. Chinese is a language with many _______ differences. People living in different areas often speak different dialects.(A) sociable (B) legendary (C) regional (D) superior

(C)

regional 南一版第三冊第八課 中文是一種有許多地域差異的語言,住在不同地區的人通常會說不同的方言。(A) 好交際的 (B) 傳說中的 (C) 地區性的 (D) 較高的、較好的

2. A menu serves to _____ customers about the varieties and prices of the dishes offered by the restaurant. (A) appeal (B) convey (C) inform (D) demand

(C)

inform南一版第三冊第四課 菜單的目的在於告知顧客餐廳所提供的各式菜餚與價格。(A) 吸引 (B) 傳達 (C) 告知 (D) 要求

3. Mary and Jane often fight over which radio station to listen to. Their _______ arises mainly from their different tastes in music. (A) venture (B) consent (C) dispute (D) temptation

第壹部分 選擇題(佔 72分)

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3英文考科

(C)

dispute 南一版第三冊第十一課 瑪麗和珍常為了廣播該收聽哪一台而爭吵,她們的爭執主要是因為彼此對音樂的品味不同。(A) 冒險 (B) 同意 (C) 爭執 (D) 誘惑

4. The baby polar bear is being _____ studied by the scientists. Every move he makes is carefully observed and documented.(A) prosperously (B) intensively (C) honorably (D) originally

(B)

intensive(ly) 南一版第六冊第七課 科學家們正在密切關注這隻北極熊寶寶,牠的一舉一動被仔細地觀察並記錄下來。(A) 繁榮地 (B) 密集地 (C) 可敬地 (D) 起初→出現documented (v.) 與intensively ,程度稍難。

5. At twelve, Catherine has won several first prizes in international art competitions. Her talent and skills are _____ for her age.(A) comparable (B) exceptional (C) indifferent (D) unconvincing

(B)

exceptional南一版第五冊第八課 年方十二歲,凱薩琳已經贏得好幾項國際藝術首獎。以她的年紀而言,她的才華與技巧實屬優異。(A) 可比較的 (B) 優異的 (C) 漠不關心的 (D) 沒有說服力的 →剖析選項,由常見的詞性去推論衍生字之意。

6. After his superb performance, the musician received a big round of _____ from the appreciative audience. (A) vacuum (B) overflow (C) applause (D) spotlight

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(C)

applause南一版第二冊第五課 在他超群的演奏之後,這位音樂家獲得了聽眾們如雷的掌聲。(A) 真空 (B) 氾濫 (C) 掌聲 (D) 聚光燈→測試applause 的字義,搭配的連語a round of 提供解題線索。

7. The water company inspects the pipelines and _____ the water supply regularly to ensure the safety of our drinking water.(A) exhibits (B) monitors (C) interprets (D) converts

(B)

monitor(s) 南一版第六冊第八課 自來水公司定期檢查管線並監測供水以確保我們飲用水的安全。(A) 展示 (B) 監測 (C) 詮釋 (D) 轉變→須看懂句意,並知道這四個稍具難度的選項意思,才能正確作答。

8. This year’s East Asia Summit meetings will focus on critical _____ such as energy conservation, food shortages, and global warming.(A) issues (B) remarks (C) conducts (D) faculties

(A)

issue(s) 南一版第五冊第五課 今年東亞高峰會重點將放在節約能源、食物短缺、以及全球暖化這些重要議題上。(A) 議題 (B) 評語 (C) 處理方式 (D) 能力(常用pl. )→補充:critical faculties  判斷能力

9. Having fully recognized Mei-ling’s academic ability, Mr. Lin strongly _____ her for admission to the university.(A) assured (B) promoted (C) estimated (D) recommended

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(D)

recommend(ed) 南一版第三冊第十課 由於充分瞭解美玲的學業能力,林老師在她申請大學時為她大力推薦。(A) 使確信(~ sb of sth ) (B) 提倡;促銷 (C) 估計 (D) 推薦

10. The weatherman has warned about drastic temperature change in the next few days, and suggested that we check the weather on a daily basis and dress _____. (A) necessarily (B) significantly (C) specifically (D) accordingly

(D)

according(ly) 南一版第一冊第七課 氣象預報員警告我們接下來幾天氣溫將有劇烈變化,並建議我們每天確認一下天氣後照天氣來決定穿著。(A) 必須地 (B) 重要地 (C) 特定地 (D) 照著

1. 第4 題的正確選項intensively ,略具難度;題目句意稍微難,加上考生對選項monitor 、interpret 、convert或不甚熟悉;第10題句子長。此外,各題中的英文句子難度不高,此大題程度屬中等偏易。

2. 就選項而言,sociable 、regional 、superior 、appeal 、recommend 、demand 、promote 、inform、applause 、spotlight 、issue、remark、originally等,都是學測試題中常出現者。

3. 有些選項為常見單字的衍生字,如果考生能冷靜解析該單字,便能輕鬆解答。可參考下頁表格:

選項 常見的家族單字 選項 常見的家族單字4. (A) prosperously

adv. 繁榮地 prosperous adj. 繁榮的 4. (B) intensively

adv. 密集地 intensive adj. 密集的

4. (C) honorablyadv. 可敬地 honor v./n. 尊敬

honorable adj. 可敬的5. (A) comparable

adj. 可比擬的compare v. 比較

5. (B) exceptionaladj. 優異的 exception 

n. 例外 5. (C) unconvincingadj. 無說服力的 convince v. 使相信

convincing adj. 令人信服的

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4. 指導學生讀單字時,要先記住最常出現的詞性,如exception(例外),再進一步聯想而背誦衍生字exceptional (非凡的;優異的;例外的)。又如convince (使相信),進而背convincing (令人信服的),同時朗讀unconvincing (無說服力的)。

5. 單是記生字,學生容易遺忘,所以指導學生記住搭配字詞,如a round of applause(一陣掌聲)、critical issues (重要議題)、recommend sb for sth (推薦某人得到sth )。

二、綜合測驗(10 分)說明:第11至20題,每題一個空格。請依文意選出一個最適當的選項,標示在答案卡之「選

擇題答案區」。每題答對得1 分,答錯或劃記多於一個選項者倒扣1/3 分,倒扣到本大題之實得分數為零為止。未作答者,不給分亦不扣分。

第 11 至 15 題為題組   The sun is an extraordinarily powerful source of energy. In fact, the Earth 20,000 times more energy from the sun than we currently use. If we used more of this source of heat and light, it all the power needed throughout the world.  We can harness energy from the sun, or solar energy, in many ways. For instance, many satellites in space are equipped with large panels whose solar cells transform sunlight directly electric power. These panels are covered with glass and are painted black inside to absorb as much heat as possible.   Solar energy has a lot to offer. To begin with, it is a clean fuel. In contrast, fossil fuels, such as oil or coal, release substances into the air when they are burned. , fossil fuels will run out, but solar energy will continue to reach the Earth long after the last coal has been mined and the last oil well has run dry.11. (A) repeats (B) receives (C) rejects (D) reduces 12. (A) supplies (B) has supplied (C) was supplying (D) could supply 13. (A) into (B) from (C) with (D) off 14. (A) diligent (B) harmful (C) usable (D) changeable 15. (A) Otherwise (B) Therefore (C) What’s more (D) In comparison

11. (B)  12. (D) 13. (A) 14. (B) 15. (C)

11. 測試單字與上下語意的關係。  12. 測試假設法的用法。13. 測試單詞transform的連語。  14. 測試單字與上下語意的關係。15. 測試語氣承接詞與上下語意的關係。

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  太陽是非常強大的能量來源。事實上,地球從太陽接收的能量是我們目前所用的兩萬倍。如果我們使用更多這光與熱的來源,它就可以提供全世界所需的能源。  我們能夠在許多方面利用太陽能。例如,許多太空的衛星有大型鑲板的裝置,鑲板上的太陽能蓄電池可以直接將太陽能轉變為電力。這些鑲板以玻璃覆蓋,內部被漆成黑色,好盡可能地吸收愈多熱能。  太陽能有許多優點。首先,它是乾淨的燃料。相對地,化石燃料,例如石油或煤炭,被燃燒時會釋出有害物質到空氣中。此外,化石燃料有耗竭的一天,但在最後一塊煤炭被挖出、最後一口油井枯竭的許久之後,太陽能依然會持續傳到地球。

      11. (A)重複 (B) 收到 (C) 拒絕 (D) 減少→看完全文,配合第三段的最後一句 “solar energy will continue to reach the Earth” ,所以選receive +energy from the sun。

      12. (A)提供 (B) 已經提供 (C) 過去正提供 (D) 能夠提供→前文If we used ... 為與現在事實相反的假設法,故主句選(D) could +supply 。

      13. 關係子句中主詞為solar cells ,後接transform (V) +sunlight (O),語意指「成為電力」,選連語into 。連語為transform N1 into N2。

      14. (A) 勤奮的 (B) 有害的 (C) 適用的 (D) 多變的→In contrast 暗示下文與上文呈相對,選harmful 與a clean fuel 語意相對。

      15. (A) 否則 (B) 因此 (C) 此外 (D) 相較之下→下文提到太陽能取之不竭,前文提到其屬乾淨能源,顯然有兩優點,故選 What’s more.。

第 1 6 至 20 題為題組   Signs asking visitors to keep their hands off the art are everywhere in the Louvre Museum, Paris. But one special sculpture gallery invites art lovers to allow their hands to the works. The Louvre’s Tactile Gallery, targeted at the blind and visually , is the only space in the museum where visitors can touch the sculptures, with no guards or alarms to stop them. Its latest exhibit is a of sculpted lions, snakes, horses and eagles. The 15 animals exhibited are reproductions of famous works found elsewhere in the Louvre. Called “Animals, Symbols of Power,” the exhibit animals that were used by kings and emperors throughout history to symbolize the greatness of their reigns. The exhibit, opened in December 2008, scheduled to run for about three years. During guided tours on the weekends, children can explore the art with blindfolds on.16. (A) fix up (B) run over (C) take away (D) knock off17. (A) impair (B) impairs (C) impaired (D) impairing18. (A) collection (B) cooperation (C) completion (D) contribution19. (A) examines (B) protects (C) represents (D) features20. (A) is (B) being (C) has (D) having

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16. (B)  17. (C) 18. (A) 19. (D) 20. (A)

16. 能掌握片語與上下語意的關係。  17. 能掌握詞彙在篇章中的用法。18. 能掌握詞彙在篇章中的用法。  19. 能掌握詞彙在篇章中的用法。20. 能掌握被動語態的用法。   在巴黎羅浮宮美術館裡,處處可見要求遊客雙手不可觸摸藝術品的標誌。然而卻有一座特殊的雕塑藝廊邀請藝術愛好者可用手去碰觸這些作品。羅浮宮的觸覺藝廊專門設計給視障及聽障人士,是羅浮宮裡唯一沒有保全或警鈴阻止遊客的空間。它最近的展覽是獅、蛇、馬、鷹雕塑的收藏品。這15隻展出的動物是羅浮宮其它地方陳列品的複製品。該展覽主題為「動物,權力的象徵」,是以歷史上曾被帝王用來象徵王權的動物為其特色。在2008年十二月開幕,該展覽預計展出約三年之久。在週末導覽中,孩童能夠戴上眼罩來探索藝術。

      16. (A) 修理 (B) 摸遍 (C) 拿走 (D) 撞掉 →第一句提到「不可觸摸」的警語,接著But 語意轉折,allow their hands to 應 接「可摸」,故選run over 。

      17. at 後接受詞,所以the blind and visually ________ 為一個名詞。the +adj. 指全體…的人,故選impaired ,前接visually (adv.) 以修飾p.p. 。

      18. (A)收藏品 (B) 合作 (C) 完成 (D) 貢獻 →依語意,a collection of N指「N的藝術收藏」。

      19. (A)檢視 (B) 保護 (C) 代表 (D) 以…為特色→依the exhibit 和animals 的關係,選features (以animals 為其特色)。

      20. the exhibit與「排定」的關係為被動,缺動詞,故選is +scheduled+to-V。

1. 第一篇主題是太陽能,既是當今最夯的議題,內文談論者為眾所皆知的常識,加上選項中的單字偏易,所以容易得分。

2. 第二篇與美術館展覽相關,比第一篇稍難些。第16、17、18題中,需理解正確選項run over、collection與feature (v.) 的語意及用法,才能選出答案,所以此三題稍微有難度。此外,考生若曾背過「視障者」之辭,而且懂主詞加動詞的句構概念,可輕鬆選出第17題impaired 與第20題is 。

3. 依測試性質分類如下:文法方面(4/10) 連語(1/10) 單字語意(5/10) 片語動詞(1/10)

12.假設法 15.準連接詞17.分詞及 the+adj. = N(pl.)20.被動語態及句構概念

13. transform...into 11.  14.16.  18.19.

16.

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4. 近年試題中片語動詞題目出現比率減少,二月的學測中比例為2/15,此次指考為1/10。所以教師上課時,就課本中或課外閱讀中所見者,挑出重要的來提醒學生即可。

5. 教師可解析介(副)詞的語意,如in、on、up、over等含意,如此學生可以在選答未學過的片語動詞或選介詞時,比較具有語感,如第16題的up、over、away 、off 中,依據over(遍及)或可選出run over (摸遍)。

三、文意選填(10 分)說明:第21題至30題,每題一個空格。請依文意在文章後所提供的(A) 到(J) 選項中分別選

出最適當者,並將其字母代號標示在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。每題答對得1 分,答錯或劃記多於一個選項者倒扣1/9 分,倒扣到本大題之實得分數為零為止。未作答者,不給分亦不扣分。

第 21 至 30 題為題組   Textese (also known as chatspeak, texting language, or txt talk) is a term for the abbreviations and slang most commonly used among young people today. The of textese is largely due to the necessary brevity of mobile phone text messaging, though its use is also very common on the Internet, including e-mail and instant messaging.   There are no rules for writing textese. However, the common practice is to use single letters, pictures, or numbers to represent whole words. For example, “i <3 u” uses the picture of a heart, “<3” for “love,” and the letter “u” to “you.” For words which have no common abbreviation, textese users often the vowels from a word, and the reader is forced to interpret a string of consonants by re-adding the vowels. Thus, “dictionary” becomes “dctnry,” and “keyboard” becomes “kybrd.” The reader must interpret the words depending on the context in which it is used, as there are many examples of words or phrases which use the same abbreviations. So if someone says “ttyl, lol” they probably mean “talk to you later, lots of love” not “talk to you later, laugh out loud,” and if someone says “omg, lol” they most mean “oh my god, laugh out loud” not “oh my god, lots of love.”  The emergence of textese is clearly due to a desire to type less and to communicate more than one can manage without such shortcuts. Yet it has been severely as “wrecking our language.” Some scholars even consider the use of textese as “irritating” and essentially lazy behavior. They’re worried that “sloppy” habits gained while using textese will result in students' growing of proper spelling, grammar and punctuation.

(A) quickly (B) criticized (C) likely (D) abbreviated (E) replace(F) remove (G) standard (H) ignorance (I) popularity (J) symbol

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10 指考解析特輯

21. (I) 22. (G) 23. (J)  24. (E) 25. (F) 26. (D) 27. (C) 28. (A) 29. (B) 30. (H)

21-30 測試詞彙的語意、內文的句構以及上下語意的連貫。

  Textese 短訊專用語〔又稱chatspeak、texting language 、txt talk(短訊文)〕,是今日年輕人常用的縮寫及俚語。短訊文的流行主要是因為手機簡訊必須簡短,雖然網路中其用法也很普遍,包括電子郵件以及即時通。  寫短訊並沒有標準規則。然而,常見的習慣是使用單一字母、圖片或號碼來代表整個字。例如,“I <3 u” 使用愛心圖的象徵,“<3” 代表愛(love)這個字,又用“u”這個字母來取代你(you )這個字。對沒有常見縮寫方式的字,短訊文的使用者通常會將母音拿掉,而閱讀者則被迫藉著自行插入母音來詮釋一整串子音。因此,“dictionary” 變成 “dctnry”、“keyboard” 變成 “kybrd”。閱讀者必須仰賴上下文來詮釋這些縮寫字,因為有許多字或片語使用同樣縮寫字。所以,如果有人說 “ttyl, lol” ,他們的意思可能是“talk to you later, lots of love” 而不是“talk to you later, laugh out loud”。又如果有人說 “omg, lol”,他們的意思非常可 能 是 “oh my god, laugh out loud”,而不是 “oh my god, lots of love” 。  短訊文的出現很明顯是因為想要輸入得少,以及想要比一個沒有使用這種捷徑的人更快速地溝通。然而短訊文一直被嚴厲批評為「破壞我們的語言。」有些學者甚至認為短訊文的使用是「令人生氣的」,基本上是一種偷懶的行為。學者們擔心人們使用短訊文時所養成的這種「邋遢的」習慣,將導致學生對正確的拼字、文法與標點越來越無知。(A) 迅速地 (B) 被批評 (C) 可能地 (D) 被縮寫的 (E)取代(F) 移除 (G) 標準的 (H) 無知 (I)受歡迎

(J) 象徵      21. The 後接名詞,由前文most commonly used among young people today ,可推論

填(I) popularity 。      22. 插入adj. 修飾rules,第一句為主旨,看完整段,再來填選。However 以下提到

common practice ,續有一些規則,所以however 前選「沒有規則」,答案是no+standard +rules。

      23. 前有動詞uses,故選名詞接後面的of a heart。由(H) (I) (J)中尋找語意適當者,答案是symbol(與picture搭配)。

      24. 考量the letter “u” 與後面 “you” 的關係,選replace +you 。      25. 主詞textese users +V +vowels,由下面 “dictionary” 變為 “dctnry” 之

例看出該選remove。

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11英文考科      26. the +adj. +words ,依前文所言,“kybrd” 應該是abbreviated words ,選

(D) 。      27. they (S) +most+adv. +mean (V),選likely (副詞likely 常搭配最高級

most)。      28. to communicate +more +adv. +than one can ... ,由type less 與上一段的略語

文字,可知是求快,故選quickly。

      29. it +has been +... as(表角色),指出it 猶如 “wrecking our language” ,所以選criticized (p.p.) 完成被動句。

      30. “sloppy habits” +gained (p.p.) +... +result in (V) +O (students’ growing N),後面提到正確拼字…等,所以應該是愈來愈不懂,選填ignorance(無知)。

1. 短訊文本來是學生熟悉的內容,但一開始便出現一串生字,這樣會讓學生心慌。 2. 其實全文簡單、容易作答,只要平日習慣分析五大句型,可輕易解出第24、25、29題,相

當此大題的3/10。掌握n.、adj. 、adv. 、prep. 的用法,可快速選出第21、22、23、26、27、28、30題的答案,這已解了此大題的7/10。

3. 訓練學生見到一串生字時,不要心慌,要學會找出其歸屬的類別,不必一定得知道它們的中文翻譯。譬如此文中的Textese 、chatspeak、texting language 、txt talk,只要知道是種語言即可。提醒學生如此方能盡快繼續閱讀下去,便可多留一點時間在閱讀測驗的大題上。

四、篇章結構(10 分)說明:第31至35題,每題一個空格。請依文意在文章後所提供的(A) 到(E) 選項中分別選出

最適當者,填入空格中,使篇章結構清晰有條理,並將其英文字母代號標示在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。每題答對得2 分,答錯或劃記多於一個選項者倒扣1/2 分,倒扣到本大題之實得分數為零為止。未作答者,不給分亦不扣分。

第 31 至 35 題為題組   Do you have trouble getting started in the morning? Do you have problems learning early in the day? If you do, you are not alone. They learn better at night than they do in the morning.  To investigate when cockroaches learn best, researchers at Vanderbilt University tested the insects for which odor (peppermint or vanilla) they preferred. Most cockroaches preferred the smell of vanilla to that of peppermint at all times. Therefore, the scientists trained the cockroaches to prefer the peppermint smell by rewarding the insects with a taste of sugar water when they approached a peppermint smell.

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    When the cockroaches were trained at night, they remembered the new associations (peppermint = sugar water; vanilla = salt water) for up to 48 hours. However, if the cockroaches were trained in the morning, they quickly forgot which smell went with which water.   So, cockroaches learn better at night than they do in the morning. Because of this, it is likely that information they gather at night will be more useful to them. These experiments provide some clues about the interactions between body rhythms, learning and memory.

(A) When these insects moved toward a vanilla smell, on the other hand, they were punished with a taste of salt.

(B) This result thus shows that the time when they were trained decided the effect of their learning. (C) They are often more active and tend to search for food during the night. (D) They were also found to like sugar water, but not salt water.(E) Cockroaches have the same problem!

31. (E)  32. (D) 33. (A) 34. (B) 35. (C)

31-35 測試在篇章中,上下語意的連貫性,包含語意的發展、轉折與總結。   早上你要開始工作時有麻煩嗎?你一早就要開始學習有難題嗎?如果是的話,你並不孤單。蟑螂也有同樣的難題!牠們在晚上的學習效果比早上好得多。  為了調查蟑螂何時學習效果最佳,范德比爾特大學研究人員測試這種昆蟲偏好哪一種氣味(薄荷或香草)。大部分的蟑螂總是比較喜歡香草的氣味。研究人員也 發現蟑螂喜歡糖水而不愛鹽水 。因此,當蟑螂靠近薄荷氣味時,研究人員就給一點糖水作為獎勵,藉此來訓練他們愛上薄荷味。另一方面,當蟑螂朝香草味移動時, 研究人員就處罰他們喝鹽水。   當蟑螂在晚上受訓時,牠們能夠記得這些新的連結長達48小時之久(薄荷=糖水;香草=鹽水)。然而,如果蟑螂在早上受訓,牠們很快就忘記哪種氣味與哪種水連結。因此,這個結果顯示,他們何時受訓決定了牠們的學習效果。   因此,蟑螂在晚上的學習效果比在白天好。牠們在晚上較為活躍,也較常在晚 上尋找食物。 因此,牠們在晚上得到的資訊可能也對牠們較為有用。這些實驗提供了一些關於身體節奏、學習與記憶相互關係的線索。(A) 另一方面,當蟑螂朝香草味移動時,研究人員就處罰牠們喝鹽水。(B) 因此,這個結果顯示,牠們何時受訓決定了牠們的學習效果。(C) 牠們在晚上較為活躍,也較常在晚上尋找食物。(D) 研究人員也發現蟑螂喜歡糖水而不愛鹽水。(E) 蟑螂也有同樣的困擾!

      31. 雖然主旨明確,就是they在夜間比在早上學習的效果佳,但要看到第二段才知

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13英文考科they所指,原來是cockroaches,故選(E) 。選項中problems與第二句problems呼應。

      32. 前言提到蟑螂較喜歡vanilla的味道,下接therefore 為果,指的是科學家要訓練牠們喜歡peppermint 的味道,第32題必為某原因,故選(D) 。選項中sugar water 與下文中的a taste of sugar water 呼應。

      33. 為本段之末,應與此段的實驗有關且為結論句。前文提及蟑螂近peppermint 即獎賞,既然是實驗,也該提蟑螂接近vanilla的情形將如何,故選(A) 。選項中a vanilla smell與前文的the peppermint smell 對比,a taste of salt 與前文的a taste of sugar water對比。

      34. 此段主題句提到were trained at night ,且remembered的情況佳。下面However呈相對語意,were trained in the morning ,則quickly forgot ,故第34題為結論,(B) 訓練時間決定the effect of their learning 。

      35. 前句為本段主題句,明示夜間學習勝過日間學習,接著要闡述一番,下文Because of this ,夜間資訊較有用。所以第35題與前文相關,選(C) ,補充說明牠們夜間more active ,還有傾向夜間覓食。

1. 選文內容與蟑螂的記憶及學習相關,饒富趣味。 2. 每一個段落架構嚴謹,主題句開頭,銜接發展句,以至於結論句。乍看之下,文章似有難

度,實則不然。只要有段落組織概念,可以快速正確地答題。 3. 題目設計相當有鑑別度。整篇文章組織嚴密,甚至段落之間前後頗有呼應。第33題的答案

“When these insects moved toward a vanilla smell, on the other hand, they were punished with a taste of salt.” ,與第32題的答案 “They were also found to like sugar water, but not salt water.” 遙相呼應。

4. 題目的出處經過完美設計,總要訓練考生耐心地閱讀下去,再作答;倘若考生欠缺耐心與閱讀訓練,他們便會覺得篇章結構大題偏難。如第一段第一句問讀者you 如何,空格後出現they,很自然地,考生一開始會誤以為they指什麼人,然後快速讀到第二段即知主角為cockroaches 。

5. 第34題測試第三段完整的段落概念。測試主題句+反證+肯定結論句的段落架構,要求考生選出正確的結論句。

6. 測試考生的段落概念,及主題句後如何接developing sentences 。第四段第一句為主題句,空格後Because of this ... 述說結論及全文總結論 “These experiments provide some clues about the interactions between body rhythms, learning and memory.” 。那麼第35題應該是發展句,來闡述主題句的涵義,答案是(C) 牠們夜間較活躍…等。

7. 平日講解篇章的答案時,請教師可以參考上述「試題解析」中所列的推理,指導學生動動腦,找線索,而不是直接給正確答案而解說。

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8. 提醒學生多做篇章訓練,就等於在準備閱讀測驗大題。畢竟坊間與大考閱讀測驗難易度相仿,上下結構嚴謹,或長度相近的選文不易多得。為了避免用本身段落架構不明、組織不連貫、長度過長的選文,讓學生做練習,落個事倍功半,教師可多利用篇章結構的練習,順便敎閱讀,效果將很驚人。

五、閱讀測驗(32 分)說明:第36至51題,每題請分別根據各篇文章的文意選出一個最適當的選項,標示在答案卡

之「選擇題答案區」。每題答對得2 分,答錯或劃記多於一個選項者倒扣2/3 分,倒扣到本大題之實得分數為零為止。未作答者,不給分亦不扣分。

第 36 至 39 題為題組   The following report appeared in a newspaper in February 2007.  On February 15, 2007, hundreds of people came to New York City’s famous railroad station—Grand Central Terminal—to trade in old dollar bills for the new George Washington presidential US $1 coins. The gold-colored coin is the first in a new series by the U.S. Mint to honor former U.S. presidents. The Mint will issue four presidential US $1 coins a year through 2016. These coins will come out in the order in which each president served. The George Washington coin is the first to be released. John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison coins will come out later this year.  The presidential US $1 coins have a special design. For the first time since the 1930s, there are words carved into the edge of each coin, including the year in which the coin was issued and traditional mottos. Each coin will show a different president on its face, or heads side. It will also show the president’s name. The other side of the coin will show the Statue of Liberty and the inscriptions “United States of America” and “$1.”  There are some interesting facts about the coins. First, there will be one presidential US $1 coin for each president, except Grover Cleveland. He will have two! Cleveland is the only U.S. president to have served two nonconsecutive terms. The last president now scheduled to get a coin is Gerald Ford. That’s because a president cannot appear on a coin when he is still alive. In addition, a president must have been deceased for two years before he can be on a coin.

36. According to the report, how many presidential US $1 coins were scheduled to be released by the end of 2007 altogether? (A) One. (B) Two. (C) Three. (D) Four

37. Why did the Mint issue the US $1 coins? (A) In response to U.S. citizens’ requests.(B) In memory of the late U.S. presidents.(C) To attract more train commuters.(D) To promote the trading of dollar bills.

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15英文考科38. What may you find on the heads side of the new US $1 coin?

(A) The name of a U.S. president. (B) The year when the coin was made.(C) The Statue of Liberty. (D) English proverbs.

39. Which of the following can be inferred about the presidential coins? (A) President Gerald Ford’s coin was issued in 2008 (B) The U.S. Mint has issued all the presidential coins by now.(C) No presidential coin has been released for President Barack Obama.(D) Every U.S. president had his coin made two years after his term was over.

36. (D)  37. (B) 38. (A) 39. (C)

36. 能掌握特定的資訊。  37. 能掌握特定的資訊。38. 能掌握特定的資訊。  39. 能掌握文章內容細節之間的關係。   以下是一篇2007年2 月的報導。  2007年2 月15日,數以百計的民眾來到紐約市著名的中央車站,要將他們手上舊版的一元鈔票換成新版的喬治‧華盛頓總統一元紀念幣。這枚金色的硬幣是美國鑄幣局為了紀念歷任美國總統而發行的一套新紀念幣中的第一枚。該局計畫每年發行四枚總統紀念幣,預計在2016年全數發行完畢。這些紀念幣將會以每位總統任職的順序發行。喬治‧華盛頓幣預定第一枚推出。約翰‧亞當斯、湯瑪斯‧傑弗遜、以及詹姆斯‧麥迪遜紀念幣今年稍後也將問世。  這一系列的總統紀念幣有個特殊的設計。從1930年代到現在,每一枚紀念幣的邊緣首次刻上了字,包含該硬幣的發行年、以及傳統的格言。每一枚硬幣的正面(又稱為head side)將會有一位總統的頭像及該總統的姓名。硬幣的另一面則會刻上自由女神像、「美利堅合眾國」、以及「一美元」的字樣。  關於這些紀念幣,有些有趣的事實。首先,除了格羅弗‧克利夫蘭總統以外,每一位總統都有一枚自己的紀念幣。克利夫蘭總統有兩枚!因為他是唯一一位服務兩屆任期但兩屆任期卻沒有連續的美國總統。而目前預計發行的最後一位總統是傑拉爾德‧福特,因為尚在人世的總統不可以出現在紀念幣上。此外,一位總統在出現在紀念幣上之前,必須已過世達兩年之久。

      36. 根據本篇報導,總共有多少枚總統紀念幣預計於2007年底前發行?(A) 一枚 (B) 兩枚 (C) 三枚 (D) 四枚 →見第二段第三句。

      37. 為什麼美國鑄幣局要發行一美元的硬幣?(A) 應美國公民的要求。(B) 為了紀念已故的美國總統。→見第二段第二句。(C) 為了吸引更多搭火車通勤的人士。(D) 為了提倡一元美鈔的交易。

      38. 你可以在新版的一美元硬幣上找到什麼?

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16 指考解析特輯

(A) 某位美國總統的名字。→第三段第四句。(B) 該枚硬幣鑄造的年份。(C) 自由女神像。(D) 英文的格言。

      39. 關於這批美國總統紀念套幣,可推論下列何選項?(A) 傑拉爾德‧福特總統的硬幣已於2008年發行。(B) 美國造幣場目前已發行全套紀念幣。(C) 貝拉克‧歐巴馬總統的紀念幣目前尚未發行。→見第四段倒數第二句。(D) 每位美國總統在任期結束兩年後都發行了紀念幣。

第 40 至 43 題為題組   Newspapers have tried many things to stop a seemingly nonstop decline in readers. Now France is pushing forward with a novel approach: giving away papers to young readers in an effort to turn them into regular customers. The French government recently detailed plans of a project called “My Free Newspaper,” under which 18- to 24-year-olds will be offered a free, year-long subscription to a newspaper of their choice.  Newspaper readership in France has been especially low among young people. According to a government study, only 10 percent of those aged 15 to 24 read a paid-for newspaper daily in 2007, down from 20 percent a decade earlier.  Emmanuel Schwartzenberg, a former media editor of Le Figaro, the oldest and second-largest national newspaper in France, said he had strong reservations about the government project. At a

time when advertising is in steep decline, he said, newspapers should instead be looking at ways to raise more profits from readers, rather than giving papers away. “This just reinforces the belief that newspapers should be free, which is a very bad idea,” Mr. Schwartzenberg said.   French readers, young and old, already have plenty of free options from which to choose, including newspaper websites and the free papers handed out daily in many city centers. Some bloggers said the new program might hold the most appeal to the few young people who do already read, and buy, newspapers.  The French government plans to promote the program with an advertising campaign aimed at young readers and their parents. However, when asked how to attract young readers to the printed press, the government said the primary channel for the ads would be the Internet.

40. Why did the French government decide to launch the free newspaper program?(A) To fight economic recession. (B) To win approval from youngsters.(C) To promote newspaper readership. (D) To improve the literacy rate in France.

41. Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?

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17英文考科(A) Everyone considers the government project creative.(B) Newspaper readership is much higher in other countries.(C) Research shows young people have no interest in current affairs.(D) Giving away free papers is not a strong enough incentive to attract readers.

42. What is Mr. Schwartzenberg’s attitude toward this program?(A) Skeptical. (B) Devoted.(C) Optimistic. (D) Indifferent.

43. According to the passage, where would the information about the free newspaper program in France most likely be seen?(A) In magazines. (B) On blogs.(C) In newspapers. (D) On the Internet.

40. (C)  41. (D) 42. (A) 43. (D)

40. 能找尋特定的資訊以測試第一段細節。 41. 能掌握全文的細節。42. 測掌握第三段的內文。 43. 能掌握特定的資訊。   報界已經嘗試過許多方式,想要阻止看似無止盡衰退的讀者們。目前法國正在推行一項新方法:贈送報紙給年輕讀者,努力使他們變成固定讀者。法國政府日前詳細說明一項名為「我的免費報」的計畫。該計畫預計免費提供18到24歲的年輕人一年份的報紙,並且他們可以自行選擇想閱讀的免費報。  一直以來,法國年輕人的閱報率就特別低。根據某項政府研究結果,2007年間,15到24歲的年輕人當中,只有百分之十的人每日閱讀一份付費報紙。與十年前相較,減少了百分之十。  費加羅報是法國最老牌、並且是第二大的全國性報紙。該報前媒體編輯艾曼紐‧史瓦琛貝格表示,他對這項計畫抱持強烈的保留態度。在這個廣告業委靡不振的時機,報紙應該轉而從讀者身上謀求更多利潤,而不是免費贈送報紙。史瓦琛貝格先生說:「這只是讓讀者更相信報紙應該是免費的,而這樣的信念是非常糟的。」  無論老少,法國的讀者都已經有許多免費的閱報選擇,包括新聞網站以及許多市中心每日分送的免費報紙。有些部落格寫手認為,這個新計畫對已經持續閱讀,甚至購買報紙的少數年輕人而言,可能是最有吸引力的。  法國政府企圖以針對年輕人及其家長的廣告活動來推動這個計畫。然而,當被詢問該如何吸引年輕讀者閱報時,政府說,廣告的主要管道將會是網路。

      40. 法國政府為何決定推動這個免費閱報的計畫?(A) 為了對抗經濟不景氣。→文中未提。(B) 為了贏得年輕人的認可。→不是針對youngsters 贊同否。(C) 為了擴大報紙的讀者群。→見第一段。

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(D) 為了改善法國的識字率。→文中未提。      41. 從本文當中可獲得下列何者結論?

(A) 每個人都認為政府的計畫很有創意。→由第三段知此選項不對。(B) 其他國家的閱報人口比例高得多。→此題未說明哪個國家與其他國家相比。(C) 研究顯示年輕人對時事不感興趣。→第二段說到會看付費報紙的年輕人目前 只有10%,而過去十年是20%,可是這樣的敘述不能證明(C ) 為真。(D) 分送免費報紙並非可強烈吸引讀者的誘因。→需理解第四段 “hold the most appeal to the few young people who do already read, and buy, newspapers” ,根據此處選(D) ,說明分送報紙非強烈吸引讀者的誘因 為真。

      42. 史瓦琛貝格先生對此計畫的態度為何?(A) 充滿懷疑的。(B) 充滿熱忱的。(C) 樂觀的。(D) 漠不關心的。→由第三段 “had strong reservations” 看出此人持保留態度,同時測試生字 skeptical 。

      43. 根據本文,何處最可能見到關於法國免費報紙的訊息?(A) 雜誌。(B) 部落格。(C) 報紙。(D) 網路。→見本文最後一句。

第 44 至 47 題為題組   Coffee experts are willing to pay large sums of money for high-quality coffee beans. The high-end beans, such as Kona or Blue Mountain, are known to cost extraordinary sums of money. Then there is Kopi Lowak (translated as “Civet Coffee”), the world’s most expensive coffee, which sells for as much as US $50 per quarter-pound.   This isn’t particularly surprising, given that approximately 500 pounds a year of Kopi Lowak constitute the entire world supply. What is surprising is why this particular coffee is so rare. In fact, it’s not the plants that are rare. It’s the civet droppings. That’s right, the civet droppings—the body waste of the palm civet. Coffee beans aren’t Kopi Lowak until they’ve been digested and come out in the body waste of the palm civet.

   Palm civets are tree-dwelling, raccoon-like little animals, native to Southeast Asia and the Indonesian islands. They also have a love for coffee cherries. According to Kopi Lowak suppliers, palm civets eat the fruit whole, but only digest the outer fruit, leaving the beans intact. While the beans are not destroyed, they undergo a transformation in the animal’s body. A chemical substance in the digestive system of the palm civet causes some changes to the beans to give them a unique flavor. However, this is not the only explanation why coffee beans retrieved from civet droppings have a special flavor all their own. Another possible reason is that palm civets have an unfailing

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19英文考科instinct for picking the coffee cherries at the peak of their ripeness.  Kopi Lowak is reported to have a character in taste unlike any other coffee, complex with caramel undertones and an earthy or gamey flavor. Currently, most of the world’s supply of Kopi Lowak is sold in Japan, though a few US markets are also starting to stock up on Kopi Lowak.

44. What does “This” in the second paragraph refer to?(A) Civet Coffee. (B) Blue Mountain coffee.(C) The high price of Kopi Lowak. (D) The unique taste of Kona.

45. Why is Kopi Lowak expensive?(A) There is a very limited supply of the beans.(B) The coffee trees that grow the beans are scarce.(C) It takes a long time for the coffee beans to ripen.(D) Only a few experts know how to produce the beans.

46. What is the main point discussed in the third paragraph?(A) Why palm civets like the coffee beans.(B) Where Kopi Lowak is mainly harvested.(C) What chemicals are found in the civet’s digestive system.(D) How palm civets change coffee fruit to Kopi Lowak beans.

47. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?(A) Little palm civets eat only the outer layer of the coffee cherries.(B) Palm civets somehow know the right time when the coffee fruit ripens.(C) Kopi Lowak is most popular in Southeast Asia and the Indonesian islands.(D) Kona and Blue Mountain are the most expensive coffees but only of average quality.

44. (C)  45. (A) 46. (D) 47. (B)

44. 能掌握第一段的特定資訊。 45. 能掌握第二段的特定資訊。46. 能掌握第三段全段的大意。 47. 能掌握全文的細節。   咖啡專家願意付出大筆金錢以換取高品質的咖啡豆。眾所皆知,像可娜或藍山這些高檔咖啡豆可以賣到極高價錢。有一種名叫Kopi Lowak 的咖啡(麝香咖啡)是全世界最昂貴的咖啡。每四分之一磅的價格高達五十美金。  如果考慮到年產量大約500 磅的Kopi Lowak 要輸出到全球市場,這就不會特別驚人了。這種咖啡為何如此希罕才是真正驚人之處。事實上,並不是因為這種咖啡樹罕見。而是由於麝香貓排泄物稀少的緣故。沒錯,麝香貓排泄物就是麝香貓的

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糞便。直到咖啡豆被果子狸消化並排泄出來之後,這些咖啡豆才可算是Kopi Lowak。  麝香貓是居住在樹上、長得像浣熊的小動物,原產於東南亞及印尼群島。牠們對咖啡果實有特別愛好。Kopi Lowak 供應商表示,麝香貓會將果實整顆吞下肚,但只會消化果實的外部,內部的咖啡豆則是完好無缺。雖然咖啡豆並未受損,它們卻在麝香貓的身體裡經歷了某種轉變。麝香貓消化系統中的某種化學物質導致咖啡豆產生變化,進而賦予這些咖啡豆獨一無二的風味。然而,對於從麝香貓的糞便中取出的咖啡豆為何風味獨特,這並不是唯一的解釋。另一個可能的原因是,麝香貓總能憑直覺挑選出成熟度達顛峰的咖啡果實。   根據報導,Kopi Lowak 喝起來不像任何其他的咖啡。它略帶焦糖風味,又有種來自大地或大自然的野性氣息。目前,雖然Kopi Lowak 大部分輸入日本,不過美國也有些市場開始進口Kopi Lowak 。

      44. 第二段的This指的是什麼?(A) 麝香咖啡。(B) 藍山咖啡。(C)Kopi Lowak 的高價位。(D) 可娜的獨特風味。→見第一段最後一句。

      45. Kopi Lowak 為何這麼貴?(A) 它的咖啡豆產量極有限。→見第二段第一句。(B) 生產這種咖啡豆的咖啡樹非常稀少。(C) 這種咖啡豆需要長時間熟成。(D) 只有一些專家知道該如何生產這些咖啡豆。

      46. 第三段的大意為何?(A) 麝香貓為何喜愛咖啡豆。(B) Kopi Lowak 主要收成地點。(C) 麝香貓的消化系統中發現哪些化學物質。(D) 麝香貓如何將咖啡果實轉變為Kopi Lowak 咖啡豆。

      47. 根根據本段落,下列敘述何者為真?(A) 小麝香貓只吃咖啡果實的外層。→見第三段第三句,知牠吞進去整個果實。(B) 麝香貓就是知道咖啡果實何時成熟。→見第三段最後一句。(C) Kopi Lowak 在東南亞與印尼群島非常受歡迎。→見第三段第一句,不是popular 而是原產於此二處。(D) 可娜與藍山是最昂貴的咖啡,但品質只是普通→見第一段知此敘述為非。

第 48 至 51 題為題組   Gunter Grass was the winner of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature. His talents are revealed in

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21英文考科a variety of disciplines: He is not only a novelist, poet and playwright, but also a renowned painter and sculptor. As he himself stresses, his creations are closely related to his unique personal history. His father was a German who joined the Nazi party in World War II, while his mother was Polish. As a result, he constantly suffered contradictory feelings: as a Pole who had been victimized, and as someone guilty of harming the Poles. The torment in his heart led him to denounce the Nazis and his political activism has continued throughout his career. His commitment to the peace movement and the environmental movement as well as his unfailing quest for justice has won him praise as “the conscience of the nation.”  In the spring of 1996, he was inspired during a trip to Italy to write a poem with his watercolor brush directly on one of his paintings. Before long, a collection of his “water poems” was born. Painting and literature have become his major forms of creativity. For him, painting is a form of creation with concrete, sensual elements, while writing is a hard and abstract process. When he cannot find words to convey his thoughts, painting helps him find the words to express himself. In this way, Grass not only creates simple depictions of the objects he is fond of in life, such as melons, vegetables, fish, and mushrooms, but also uses them as symbols for mental associations of various kinds. For example, to express the complexity of reality, he sometimes places unrelated objects in the same painting, such as a bird and a housefly, or a mushroom and a nail. Grass has depicted a wide variety of natural scenes, animals and plants, and even human artifacts of the German countryside, portraying them in poems, and allowing words to make the paintings rich in literary value.

48. What caused Grass to feel confused and troubled when he was young? (A) He was the son of a Nazi and a victimized Pole. (B) He found himself fighting two opposing political parties. (C) He was trained to be an artist though he wanted to be a poet. (D) He was born with so many talents that he couldn’t choose a direction.

49. Why has Grass been praised as “the conscience of the nation”? (A) He victimized the Poles and criticized the Nazis. (B) He has been a strong advocate of peace and justice. (C) He has shown great sympathy for the Poles through his poems.(D) He joined the Nazi party and showed great loyalty to his country.

50. Why was Grass’s trip to Italy important to him?(A) He was inspired by a fine arts master in Italy.(B) He formed a new interest in painting simple objects there.(C) He developed a new form for creating his poems during the trip. (D) He found a new way to solve the conflict between the Nazis and the Poles.

51. Which of the following correctly characterizes Grass’s poems, according to the passage?

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(A) Most of his poems depict the cruelty of the Nazis. (B) The theme of his poems won him the Nobel Peace Prize.(C) The poems on his paintings are often not related to objects in the real world.(D) The ideas in his poems are expressed more thoroughly with the help of his paintings.

48. (A) 49. (B) 50. (C) 51. (D)

48. 能掌握文章之細節。 49. 能掌握文章之細節。50. 能掌握文章之細節。 51. 能掌握對選文的理解與判斷。   鈞特‧葛拉斯是1999年諾貝爾獎得主。他的才華展現在許多領域:他不但是個小說家、詩人、劇作家,也是位著名的畫家與雕塑家。如同他本人所強調的,他的作品與他獨特的成長史密切相關。他父親是二次大戰時加入納粹的德國人,而他母親則是波蘭人。因此,他總是苦於矛盾的情感:身為一個曾遭受迫害的波蘭人,又是個因傷害波蘭人而有罪惡感的人。他心裡的煎熬使得他譴責納粹,他也一直積極從事政治活動。他對和平運動與環保運動的使命感以及他對正義無盡的追尋,為他贏得「德國的良心」的美名。  1996春,葛拉斯因為義大利之旅的啟發,用他的水彩筆直接在畫作上寫下了一首詩。不久,他的「水彩詩集」就誕生了。繪畫與文學一直以來都是他主要的創作形式。對他而言,繪畫是一種需要具體感官要素創作的形式,而寫作則是一種艱難又抽象的過程。當他無法以言語表達思緒時,繪畫能夠幫助他找到適當而足以表達他自己的語彙。以這種方式,葛拉斯不但描繪出他生命中愛好的物件,像是哈密瓜、蔬菜、魚、蘑菇,也使用它們作為各種心理聯想的象徵。例如,為了表達現實的複雜,他有時會將無關的物品置放在同一幅畫中,像是鳥與蒼蠅、蘑菇與鐵釘。葛拉斯描繪各式各樣的自然景色、動植物、甚至德國鄉間的手工藝品,在詩中描繪它們,並讓文字使得畫作富含文學價值。

      48. 何事讓少年葛拉斯感到困擾?(A) 他是德國納粹與波蘭受害者的兒子。→見第一段敘述his father和his mother 之處。(B) 他發現自己與兩個敵對政黨相抗衡。(C) 雖然他想當詩人,卻要接受成為畫家的訓練。(D) 他有太多種天賦以致於他無法選擇一個特定方向。

      49. 葛拉斯為何被譽為「德國的良心」?(A) 他迫害波蘭人並批評納粹。(B) 他一直努力提倡和平與正義。→見第一段最後一句。(C) 透過他的詩作,葛拉斯持續表達對波蘭人的同情。(D) 他曾加入納粹並對他的國家顯示相當的忠誠。

      50. 葛拉斯的義大利之旅對他而言為何意義重大?

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23英文考科(A) 他得到一位義大利藝術大師的啟發。(B) 他在那裡培養了對描繪簡樸事物的興趣。(C) 他在旅途中發展出寫詩的新手法。→見第二段第一句。(D) 他發現解決納粹與波蘭衝突的新方式。

      51. 根據本文,下列何者正確地描述了葛拉斯詩作的特色?(A) 他大部分的詩作都在描寫納粹的殘酷。(B) 他詩作的主題為他贏得了諾貝爾獎。(C) 他畫作上的詩通常跟現實生活無關。(D) 他詩中的概念藉著畫作能夠更完整地傳達。→從 “When he cannot find words to convey his thoughts, painting helps him find the words to express himself.” ,選(D) 為答案。

1. 第一篇敘述鑄造總統紀念幣的資訊,全文簡易,沒有特殊的冷僻字,即使出現release、issue,而且考生可能熟知的是另一個字意,但由上下文可推論出在此指「發行硬幣等」。至於nonconsecutive terms 與deceased 並不影響閱讀。考生絕對要把握住這四題的分數。

2. 第二篇內文比第一篇稍微難些,不過每段的主旨明確,考生可快速理解全文。從閱讀中,可輕易找到第40 、43 題的答案(占2/4 )。第41題測試第二至第四段的細節,涵蓋內文廣,需花時間找答案,自然難度略高。至於第42題,則要理解第三段內文,加上認識skeptical 方能作答。雖然文中出現一些字詞(見下面附表一),選項中也出現難字(見下面附表二),嚴格說來,除了detail (v.)、literacy、skeptical 之外,應該是考生準備指考時曾背過的單字,不會構成閱讀上的障礙。

附表一(底線表示屬衍生詞類)decline give away detail (v.) reservations reinforce

附表二(底線表示難字)recession approval literacy incentive skeptical

3. 第三篇談到一種高價位的咖啡豆,因咖啡普遍,加上敘述咖啡豆的趣事,因此考生應該會感到輕鬆。第44題與第45題的答案清楚可見(占2/4 ),第46題測試第三段內文,要花時間去閱讀,但句構簡單,縱然考生不熟悉civet droppings ,但隨後出現其英解 “the body waste of the palm civet”,閱讀能力好的的考生可從閱讀中去體會某些字詞的意義。第47題選項與第三段有關,既然暸解第46題,第47題的答案也浮現,不必花太多時間了。所以第三篇相當簡易。

附表(粗體字表難,加底線字表可略過之字,→後接說明)constitute→ 接 下 palm civet→由 droppings→ 由 digest→ 常 考 native

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文 全 球 產 量 為受 詞

選 文 中 推 論為 動物

選 文 中 推 論為 排泄物

字 , 也 可 由選 文 猜 字 義

→ 常 考 字

intact→ 常 考 字, 也 可 由 選 文猜 字 義

transformation→

下 行 出 現changes

chemical→ 常考 字

retrieve→ 由from civet

droppings推 敲

unfailing→ 知 instinct

即 可 略 過 此 字

instinct→指 考 詞彙

caramel→ 知與 後 面 flavor

有 關 即 可

undertone→ 知 與 後面 flavor有 關 即 可

gamey→ 知 與後 面 flavor有關 即 可

stock→ 知 與美 國 市 場 相關 即 可

4. 第四篇文章出現典型的指考詞彙(見下面附表),因為談到一位詩人兼畫家,談到藝術,有些考生便心生壓力,加上是最後一篇閱讀,或許時間不夠,因此會匆忙慌張地掃描,便錯失分數。其實,只要有時間看完這種文體,測試的都是容易找到的細節。尤其是閱讀第一段,第48題與第49題便迎刃而解了。而且只要閱讀第二段第一與第二句,第50題答案即顯現。

附表(底線表示屬衍生語意)discipline (知識的領域) contradictory (矛盾的) torment (折磨

)quest (追求)

concrete(具體的) sensual (感官的) abstract (抽象的) depiction (描繪)

complexity (複雜性) reality (真實) advocate(提倡) characterize

(描述…之特色)

冷僻字(不必費神於其上):victimize (迫害)→暸解victim 為受害者,聯想 -ize 為動詞字尾,試猜字義。activism (積極;活躍)→暸解act 為行動,聯想-ism 為名詞字尾,試猜字義。

5. 四篇選文中,前三篇均含趣味性,或與考生的生活層面重疊,就題材來說不難。加上選文用字不難,尤其是第一與第三篇,非常容易得分。第二篇稍有難度,但仍有2/4 可輕易找到答案。即使第四篇考生感到稍微陌生,同樣2/4 為極簡單的題目。整體說來,這份閱讀測驗絕非艱深難懂,卻可測出考生的能力,可說相當有鑑別度。

6. 教師最好不要讓學生好高鶩遠,囫圇吞棗地掃瞄一堆文章。記得要訓練學生從閱讀中學習疑難之字,訓練其快速閱讀,找出各段主旨。更重要的,培養學生的耐心,平日就要完整地看完一篇文章,再耐心思考其中涵義。

一、中譯英(8 分)說明:1. 將下列兩句中文句子譯成正確、通順、達意的英文,並將答案寫在「答案卷」。

2. 請依序作答,並標明題號。每題4 分,共8 分。

第貳部分 非選擇題(佔 28分)

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1. 近二十年來我國的出生率快速下滑。 2. 這可能導致我們未來人力資源的嚴重不足。

1. In recent twenty years, our country’s birth rate has declined rapidly/drastically.

2. It may contribute to/lead to/result in a serious shortage of our human resources in the future.

能運用適當的詞彙或句型造出正確的句子。 1. Words:

       decline v.  衰退 drastically  adv.  急遽地        contribute to  (v.)  造成 result in  (v.)  造成        shortage  n.  短缺 resources n. pl.  資源      2. Sentence Patterns:

S+have/has p.p. +... +in recent years.

二、英文作文(佔20 分)說明:1. 依提示在「答案卷」上寫一篇英文作文。

2. 文長至少120 個單詞(words) 。

提示:在你的記憶中,哪一種氣味(smell )最讓你難忘?請寫一篇英文作文,文長至少120 字,文分兩段,第一段描述你在何種情境中聞到這種氣味,以及你初聞這種氣味時的感受,第二段描述這個氣味至今仍令你難忘的理由。

能根據提示寫出簡要的故事或說明。【參考範例】

An Unforgettable Smell   I was eight that summer. My mother took me to my aunt’s at Tung-kong. It was the Chung-yuan festival, so my aunt was busy preparing offerings. Suddenly I noticed a delicious smell coming from the kitchen. My cousin said his mom was deep-frying pork balls. He added it was an essential offering on the occasion. On our way to take the bus, I asked my mother if we could convert to Daoism and begin to hold a “bai-bai” service. Mom smiled, but did not say anything. The next day, as I returned home from the basketball court, a tempting smell of fried pork balls floated from the kitchen. Rushing into the kitchen, I saw a dish piled high up with deep-fried pork balls!   The pleasant smell of deep-fried pork balls still stays in memory. They tasted unique, of course.

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Another reason is that I deeply felt that Mom understood me—a little girl with her mouth watering at the sight of deep-fried pork balls. Any time deep-fried pork balls would remind me not only of the unforgettable smell but also the sweat on my mother’s forehead and the loving gleam in her eyes. (193 字)

1. smell,真是抽象的東西,要選出最難忘的氣味,已讓考生皺眉頭了,再加上要描述抽象的初次感受,相信考生頓時會感到詞窮,似乎除了delicious 之外,找不到別的形容詞了。

2. 不過,努力寫出第一段之後,會發現第二段要求描述難忘的理由,難度更高。因為在緊張的考場中,又有時間壓力,實在擠不出多少浪漫的情懷,因此許多考生便草草提一點,進而結束作文,這樣可能難以獲得高分。

3. 指導學生先做簡短的問答,就是(1) 選什麼氣味,(2) 什麼感受,(3) 為何難忘。 4. 鼓勵學生最好(2) 與(3) 各有兩個論點,才不會內容太空洞。 5. 訓練學生寫作之後,試著根據內容畫出網絡圖,如此可以檢驗自己是否偏離主題。 6. 多幾次這樣的寫作與畫圖訓練,相信學生的作文會符合完整的架構,日久將不再視作文為

頭疼之事。【網絡圖參考】

Theme: An Unforgettable Smell

Event 1:My aunt deep-fried pork balls.

Event 2:Mom deep-fried pork balls.

Place: In Aunt’s kitchen, at Tung-kong.Time: On the Chung-yuan festival. Smell: Delicious, tempting.

Place: In our kitchen.Time: On the day after the festival. Smell: Pleasant.

Reasons for the smell being unforgettable: (a) The deep-fried pork balls tasted unique. (b) Mom understood me. (c) Mom’s sweaty forehead and gleaming eyes were impressive.

Details

Conclusion

CAUSE EFFECT

Details

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總   結  此次指考試題不難,卻具有鑑別度。加上多篇選文題材生動有趣,並不影響考生作答,因此總結說,這是一份好的試題。  考試結果揭曉時,總不免會有幾家歡樂幾家愁。老師們也許對自己學生的表現,感到高興,或者感到失望,可是請大家要肯定自己的付出。隨著時間的變遷,倘若與五年或十年前的試題相比,將發現原來某些詞彙或題材也有其流行。讓我們把握基本正確的教材教法之餘,也做某方面的求新求變吧!