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2015/1/19
( )
1 -----------------------------------------P.2
2 --------------------------------------P.8
3 --------------------------------------------P.21
4 -----------------------------------------------P.27
5 -----------------------------------------------P.28
6 -----------------------------------------------------P.30
7 --------------------------------------------P.32
1010614()(PM10)(O3)(SO2)(NO2)(CO)2012PM1062.829.1168 3114PM10PM2.5PM
1.
(1)
:PM10PM2.5(p6-40)
:()PM10 3PM2.5 (3) (1-11-1)(1-21-2)PM2.5
1-1 (p.6-30)
1-1 PM2.5 (p.6-35)
1-2 PM2.5 ()
1-2 PM10 (p.7-19)
1-2 PM2.5 (p.6-40)
(2)
: (p.7-41) (p.8-1)
: PMPM2.5(PM2.5)
2.
(1)
:(1-3)
1-3 app()
(2)
:1-4
1-4
-
: ()
:
()
NOAA 8 K 9 DEL 10 ABG 11 I 7 K 6.2.4-9
()
6.2.4-12ERL
()
6.22~ 7.49 mg/kgND14.3~ 15.7 mg/kg77.4~ 92.6 mg/kg8.18~ 11.3 mg/kg22.6~ 23.9 mg/kg19.0~ 22.4 mg/kgERL
()
(6.2.4-11)
()
()
(6.2.4-17~ 6.2.4-18)
:
1
1.3
2.()
3.200
4.()()
2
1.
2.()
3.
4.
5. :
6.
7.()
:
7.3.1
1
()
(BMPs)EL.+7.45 m()(EL.+0.76 m)EL.+2.06 m
()
(1)
1000.2 CMD20 CMD
(2)
100.5 CMD5 CMD30 mg/L
()
2525EL.+7.45 m()(EL.+0.76 m)EL.+2.06 m
()
/588 CMD-BOD20 mg/LCOD60mg/LSS20 mg/L
7.3.2
()
(500)(1,800)100~ 102-4-ND~ 0.0106 mg/L-ND~ 0.0335 mg/L-ND~ 0.0478 mg/L--()
:
ERLERMERM60~90%
:
: ()
:
:
()
()
()
()
()
()
:
LMELME
19
-:
Bioconcentration
BioaccumulationLloyd, 1992
(Biomagnification)Watras and Bloom, 1992
Spacie and Hamelink, 1985
: Onondaga LakeMethyl mercury32 g/kg wet wt260 g/kg wet wt680 g/kg wet wtBecker and Bigham, 1995
:
HgCl2, 2009
:
(1000003339 )(10.56 )(8.39 )
(1023331543 )
:
( : )
:
( Burke et al, 1988, 1995, 1997, 2003 )
:
:
Tidal wetlands123,000Beatlay, 1994Mobil BayMobile Bay Estuary Program, 2000
:
30
Mander et al. (2008) SSF1.5~2.2 kg C/m2/year(1,500~2,200 g C/m2/year)10Picek et al. (2007)SSF748 m20.35 g C/m2/d(127.8 g C/m2/year)
:1.5-2.2 kg CO2e / m2 / year * 427600 m2 = 641-941 ton CO2e / year
:
90625
free water surface systemvegetated submerged bed systemChevron RichmondAmoco MandanKnight et al., 1999(DuPont Chemical Co.)(Victoria Plant)(21)
1971marshfenpeat land19991997
Mitsch and Gosselink1993 1000 mg/L 1000 mg/L saltwater wetlandsfreshwater wetlandssalt marshforested saltwater or mangrovefreshwater marshfreshwater swampKadlec1996
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceUSFWS (Cowardin et al.1979
Mitsch and Gosselink 19933.5 %50 % 2pH
Hammer1989
BODCODS.S
Natural Wetland Constructed Wetland 1 Kadlec1996Free Water Surface SystemFWSSubsurface Flow SystemSFS
1.Free Water Surface SystemFWS
constructed surface flowSFwetlands
2.Subsurface Flow SystemSFS
constructed subsurface-flowSSFwetlands
2000
1.
CO2
2. ()
3. ()
4. ( 22 )( 11 )
5.
6.
7. (Eco- Industrial Parks, EIPs)
-:
2,500480120
12
(1)20 50
(2)5 555
(3)5 0.58 4.515 6
:
1. p8-8
2. p8-8
3. p7-66
12
23-10.3m
3-1100.06101.06
3-23-3
3-2
3-3
3
3-43-170~90%20%
f-CaO [Ca(OH)2]100-300%MgO [Mg(OH)2]77%
f-CaOf-MgO
3-220113-3
3-4
3-1(%)
SiO2
33.4
10.9
22.1
CaO
41
42.9
64.6
Al2O3
14.5
1.5
5.4
FeO
0.4
20.7
3.1
MgO
6
7.2
1.4
S
1
0.09
2.0
MnO
0.7
5.2
--
TiO2
1.5
1.4
--
3-22007
3-32011
96 1 57 3-533-6010121520%14
3-5
3-6
1.
2.
11QA
1
20131
2 -
(201486Pollution triples mercury levels in ocean surface waters, study finds)()
3
4
()
5
2014
1021
1216
1230
2015
1 6
113
~ -
~ -
-
~ -
()
(1)