Version 7

Origin Help

OriginLab Corporation

Copyright OriginLab, Origin, and LabTalk are either registered trademarks or trademarks of OriginLab Corporation. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation. 2000 OriginLab Corporation. All rights reserved. The software (including any images, applets, photographs, animations, video, audio, music and text incorporated into the software) is owned by OriginLab Corporation or its suppliers and is protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Therefore, you must treat the software like any other copyrighted material (e.g., a book or musical recording) except that you may either (a) make one copy of the software solely for backup or archival purposes, or (b) transfer the software to a single hard disk provided you keep the original solely for backup or archival purposes. You may not copy the printed materials accompanying the software, nor print copies of any user documentation provided in online or electronic form.

Grant of License This OriginLab Corporation End-User License Agreement (License) permits you to use one copy of the OriginLab Corporation product Origin, which may include user documentation provided in online or electronic form (software), on any single computer, provided the software is in use on only one computer at any one time. If this package is a license pack, you may make and use additional copies of the software up to the number of licensed copies authorized. If you have multiple licenses for the software, then at any time you may have as many copies of the software in use as you have licenses. The software is in use on a computer when it is loaded into the temporary memory (i.e., RAM) or installed into the permanent memory (e.g., hard disk, CD-ROM, or other storage device) of that computer, except that a copy installed on a network server for the sole purpose of distribution to other computers is not in use. If the anticipated number of users of the software will exceed the number of applicable licenses, then you must have a reasonable mechanism or process in place to ensure that the number of persons using the software concurrently does not exceed the number of licenses.

OriginLab Corporation Technical Support Support hours are 8:30 A.M. to 6:00 P.M. EST. Users must have their Origin serial number and registration code ready. Users who have not yet registered with OriginLab Corporation should be prepared to register upon calling for technical support. 1-800-969-7720 (U.S. & Canada) OriginLab Corporation Tel: + 413-586-2013 One Roundhouse Plaza Fax: + 413-585-0126 Northampton, MA 01060 tech@originlab.com USA

Contents

Contents

Origin Basics 5 Topography of an Origin Project and Workspace .....................................................................5

Menus and Menu Commands......................................................................................5 Toolbars.......................................................................................................................7 Window Types ..........................................................................................................12 Project Explorer.........................................................................................................20 Results Log................................................................................................................24 Code Builder .............................................................................................................25 Script Window...........................................................................................................26

Origin Project Files..................................................................................................................26 Saving a Project.........................................................................................................27 Automatically Creating a Backup..............................................................................27 Opening a New Project .............................................................................................27 Opening an Existing Project......................................................................................28 Opening More than One Project................................................................................29 Appending Projects ...................................................................................................29

Project Windows .....................................................................................................................30 Creating a New Window ...........................................................................................30 Renaming a Window.................................................................................................31 Hiding a Window ......................................................................................................32 Deleting a Window....................................................................................................32 Refreshing a Window................................................................................................32 Duplicating a Window ..............................................................................................33 Saving a Window ......................................................................................................33 Opening a Window from a File .................................................................................34

Window Templates..................................................................................................................35

Worksheets 39 Introduction to Origin Worksheets ..........................................................................................39 Performing Basic Worksheet Operations ................................................................................39

Adding Columns .......................................................................................................39 Inserting Columns .....................................................................................................39 Deleting Columns......................................................................................................40 Moving Columns.......................................................................................................40 Changing the Column Width.....................................................................................40

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Inserting Rows...........................................................................................................41 Deleting Rows ...........................................................................................................41 Changing the Row Heading Width ...........................................................................41 Transposing the Columns and Rows .........................................................................41

Entering and Deleting Data in the Worksheet .........................................................................42 Entering Data using the Keyboard ............................................................................42 Supported Engineering Notation ...............................................................................43 Importing Data ..........................................................................................................44 Exchanging Data through the Clipboard ...................................................................44 Filling Columns with Row Numbers or Random Numbers ......................................44 Using Functions to Set Column Values or Mathematically Transform Values.........45 Assigning Incremental X Values...............................................................................47 Inserting Data within a Column ................................................................................47 A Note on Missing Values in the Worksheet ............................................................48 Deleting Data.............................................................................................................48 Exporting Data ..........................................................................................................48

Viewing Worksheet Data.........................................................................................................48 Setting the Worksheet Display Range.......................................................................49 Scrolling to a Specified Row Number.......................................................................49

Selecting Worksheet Data........................................................................................................49 Selecting the Entire Worksheet .................................................................................49 Selecting Adjacent Columns .....................................................................................50 Selecting Nonadjacent Columns................................................................................50 Selecting Rows..........................................................................................................50 Selecting Cells...........................................................................................................51

Controlling the Worksheet's Display Properties......................................................................51 Controlling the Properties of the Columns ..............................................................................54

Naming Columns and Adding Labels .......................................................................54 Designating a Column as X, Y, Z, Error, Label, or None .........................................54 Setting up a Worksheet with Multiple X Columns....................................................56 Setting up a Worksheet without X Columns .............................................................57 Working with Error Columns in the Worksheet........................................................58 Setting Up the Column Data Type and Working with Different Data Formats ........58 A Note on Controlling the Display of Numeric Data................................................63 A Note on Dates and Times in Origin .......................................................................65 Categorical Data Support ..........................................................................................67

Associating Script with a Worksheet.......................................................................................67 The Worksheet Script Dialog Box ............................................................................68

Aligning Objects with the Page Grid.......................................................................................69 Extracting Data from the Worksheet .......................................................................................69

A Note About the Row Number [i] ...........................................................................71 Saving a Worksheet as a Template ..........................................................................................71 Deleting a Worksheet from a Project.......................................................................................71

Working with Excel in Origin 73 Limitations When Working with Excel in Origin ...................................................................73

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Starting New Projects with a Workbook Window Already Open ...........................................73 Opening a Workbook in Your Project.....................................................................................73

Opening an Existing Workbook................................................................................73 Creating a New Workbook........................................................................................76

Saving a Workbook Separately from the Project.....................................................................76 How the Origin Workspace Changes When a Workbook is Active........................................76

The Menu ..................................................................................................................76 Toolbars.....................................................................................................................77 The Status Bar ...........................................................................................................77 The Shortcut Menus ..................................................................................................77

Working with Workbook Windows ........................................................................................78 Renaming the Workbook...........................................................................................78 Renaming Sheets in the Workbook ...........................................................................79 Deleting Sheets from the Workbook .........................................................................80 Creating a Matrix from the Workbook......................................................................80

Working with Workbook Data ................................................................................................80 Running Excel Macros in Origin...............................................................................80 Invoking Visual Basic Application Functions in Origin ...........................................80

Plotting Workbook Data..........................................................................................................81 How Origin Denotes Plotted Workbook Data...........................................................81 Creating a Graph from Workbook Data ....................................................................82 Adding Workbook Data to an Existing Graph Window ...........................................93

Managing Projects that Include Workbooks............................................................................97 Saving the Project with Links to External Excel Workbook Files ............................98 Saving the Project with Internal Excel Workbooks ................................................101 Opening an Origin Project that has Links to External Excel Workbooks ...............101 Opening an Origin Project that Contains Internal Excel Workbooks .....................101

Troubleshooting Problems Using Excel in Origin.................................................................102 If Excel Doesnt Close When You Exit Origin .......................................................102 If One of the Windows has a Blank Display ...........................................................102 If Excel Fails to Launch from Within Origin ..........................................................102

Matrices 103 Introduction to Matrices ........................................................................................................103 Opening a Matrix Window ....................................................................................................103 Setting the Matrix Data Properties.........................................................................................103 Setting the Matrix Dimensions and XY Coordinates ............................................................105 Setting the Matrix Values ......................................................................................................106 Viewing the Matrix Values....................................................................................................108 Customizing the Display Properties of a Matrix....................................................................108 Importing Data into a Matrix .................................................................................................108 Matrix Operations..................................................................................................................108

Transposing .............................................................................................................108 Inverting ..................................................................................................................108 Flipping and Rotating..............................................................................................108 Shrinking .................................................................................................................109

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Expanding................................................................................................................109 Smoothing ...............................................................................................................109 Integrating ...............................................................................................................109

Converting a Worksheet into a Matrix ..................................................................................109 Direct Conversion ...................................................................................................109 Expanding Columns During Conversion ................................................................110 2D Binning ..............................................................................................................110 Converting Regular XYZ Data................................................................................111 Converting Sparse XYZ Data..................................................................................112 Converting Random XYZ Data...............................................................................113

Converting a Matrix into a Worksheet ..................................................................................114 Direct Conversion ...................................................................................................114 Creating a Worksheet with XYZ Columns .............................................................114

Saving a Matrix Window.......................................................................................................114 Saving a Matrix as a Template ..............................................................................................115

Importing and Exporting Data 117 Importing ...............................................................................................................................117

Importing Data into a Graph Window.....................................................................117 Importing Data into a Worksheet Window .............................................................121 Importing Data from a Database Using ODBC.......................................................135 Pasting Data into Origin ..........................................................................................140

Exporting ...............................................................................................................................141 Exporting Worksheet Data ......................................................................................141 Creating an ASCII File for Worksheet Data ...........................................................141 Copying Worksheet Data ........................................................................................142

Exchanging Data Between Worksheets.................................................................................143 Using the Clipboard to Exchange Data ...................................................................143 Using the Script Window to Exchange Data...........................................................143

Working with Raster Graphic Images in Origin 144 Importing and Plotting Images ..............................................................................................144 Adding New Color Palettes to Origin....................................................................................146 Entering Image Data Directly into a Matrix ..........................................................................146 Image Processing Example....................................................................................................147 Plotting an Image Histogram .................................................................................................147 Viewing the Images X and Y Projections..............................................................................147 Exporting an Image ...............................................................................................................148

Plotting: The Basics 149 Plotting Terminology.............................................................................................................149

The Graph Window.................................................................................................149 The Layout Page Window.......................................................................................154 Origin Graph Templates ..........................................................................................154

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Creating a Graph when a Worksheet is Active......................................................................154 Before You Begin Plotting ..................................................................................154 Highlighting the Worksheet Data and Plotting .......................................................155 Plotting without Highlighting the Worksheet Data .................................................156

Creating a Graph when a Matrix is Active ............................................................................163 Creating (or Adding Data to) a Graph when the Graph Window is Active...........................163

Importing Data into the Graph ................................................................................163 Adding Data using the Layer n Dialog Box ............................................................164 Adding Data using the Select Columns for Plotting Dialog Box ............................167 Adding Data from the Previously Active Worksheet..............................................168 Dragging Data from the Worksheet Into the Graph ................................................168 Creating a Data Plot Using the Draw Data Tool .....................................................168 Displaying Multiple 3D Surfaces or a 3D Surface and Multiple 3D Scatter Data Plots.........................................................................................................................169

Plotting Functions..................................................................................................................170 Plotting a Function into a Graph Window...............................................................170 Plotting a Function into a Function Graph Window ...............................................172 Creating a Data Plot or Data Sets from a Plotted Function .....................................173 Changing the Function Formula..............................................................................173

Adding Error Bars to Your Graph .........................................................................................173 Adding Error Bars using the Add Error Bars Menu Command ..............................174 Adding Error Bars using the Select Columns for Plotting Dialog Box...................175 Adding an Error Bar Data Set to the Worksheet .....................................................175 How does the Data List Display an Error Bar Data Plot? .......................................175

Plotting Categorical Data.......................................................................................................176 Adding a Date/Time Stamp to Your Graph ...........................................................................178 Graph Windows and Graph Templates..................................................................................179

Plotting: Origins Built-in Graph Types 181 2D Line, Scatter, and Line + Symbol Graphs........................................................................181

2 Point Segment Graph............................................................................................182 3 Point Segment Graph............................................................................................183 Horizontal Step Graph.............................................................................................184 Line Graph...............................................................................................................185 Line Series Graph....................................................................................................186 Line+Symbol Graph ................................................................................................188 2D Scatter Graph.....................................................................................................189 Spline Connected Graph..........................................................................................190 Vertical Drop Line Graph........................................................................................191 Vertical Step Graph .................................................................................................192

2D Bar and Column Graphs ..................................................................................................193 2D Bar Graph ..........................................................................................................193 Column Graph .........................................................................................................195 Floating Bar Graph..................................................................................................196 Floating Column Graph...........................................................................................197 Stack Bar Graph ......................................................................................................198

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Stack Column Graph ...............................................................................................199 Area, Polar, and 2D Waterfall Graphs...................................................................................200

Area Graph ..............................................................................................................200 Fill Area Graph........................................................................................................201 Polar Graph .............................................................................................................202 2D Waterfall Graph.................................................................................................204

Pie Charts...............................................................................................................................206 Smith Charts ..........................................................................................................................207 Vector Graphs........................................................................................................................209

X, Y, Angle, Magnitude Vector Graph ...................................................................209 X, Y, X, Y Vector Graph ........................................................................................210

High-Low-Close Charts.........................................................................................................211 Ternary Graphs ......................................................................................................................212 Multiple Layer Graphs...........................................................................................................214

4 Panel Graph ..........................................................................................................214 9 Panel Graph ..........................................................................................................215 Double Y Axis Graph..............................................................................................216 Horizontal 2 Panel Graph ........................................................................................217 Stack Graph .............................................................................................................218 Vertical 2 Panel Graph ............................................................................................219

Indexed Size (Bubble) and Color Mapped Graphs................................................................220 Color Mapped Graph...............................................................................................220 Indexed Size (Bubble) and Color Map Graph.........................................................221 Indexed Size (Bubble) Graph ..................................................................................222

3D XYY Graphs ....................................................................................................................223 3D Bar Graph ..........................................................................................................223 Ribbon Graph ..........................................................................................................224 Wall Graph ..............................................................................................................225 3D Waterfall Graph.................................................................................................226

3D XYZ Graphs ....................................................................................................................227 3D Scatter Graph.....................................................................................................227 Trajectory Graph .....................................................................................................228

3D Surfaces ...........................................................................................................................229 Bars..........................................................................................................................229 Color Fill Surface ....................................................................................................230 Color Map Surface ..................................................................................................231 Wire Frame Surface.................................................................................................232 Wire Surface............................................................................................................233 X Constant with Base Surface.................................................................................234 Y Constant with Base Surface.................................................................................235

Contour Graphs .....................................................................................................................236 Black and White Lines with Labels Contour ..........................................................236 Color Fill Contour ...................................................................................................237 Gray Scale Map Contour .........................................................................................238

Plotting: Graph Layers 239

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Understanding Layers............................................................................................................239 Defining the Layer...................................................................................................239 Reasons for Adding Another Layer to a Graph.......................................................239 Defining the Active Layer .......................................................................................239 Terminology: Parent Layer vs. Child Layer ...........................................................240

Controlling the Display of Elements Associated with a Layer ..............................................241 Displaying a Layer Background Color and Adding a Border .................................242 Displaying the Layer Frame ....................................................................................243 Changing the Size of a Layer ..................................................................................243 Controlling the Display and Scaling of the Objects in a Layer ...............................246 Increasing the Redraw Speed in a Layer .................................................................247 Controlling the 3D Axis Length, Rotation, and Perspective in a Layer ..................247 Controlling the Display of the 3D Planes in a Layer...............................................250 Viewing a 3D Graph with a Perspective or Orthographic Projection .....................251 Hiding Data in the 3D XY Plane.............................................................................252

Adding New Layers to the Graph..........................................................................................254 Adding a New Set of Axes with a Scale Independent of the First Layer ................254 Adding a New Set of Axes with a Scale which is Linked to the First Layer ..........254 Converting a Single Layer Graph into Multiple Layers ..........................................255 Copying Graphs Between Pages .............................................................................255 Adding an Inset Graph ............................................................................................256 Adding Layers During Layer Arrangement ............................................................257 Adding Layers by Merging Pages ...........................................................................257 Using LabTalk to Add a Layer................................................................................257

Deleting Layers......................................................................................................................257 Hiding Layers ........................................................................................................................258 Linking Layers and Axes.......................................................................................................258

Linking Layers to Control the Child Layer Position and Size.................................258 Linking the Axes Between Layers ..........................................................................260 Creating a Custom Link Between Temperature Scales ...........................................262

Merging Existing Graph Windows........................................................................................263 Merging ...................................................................................................................263 How Merging Affects Linked Layers......................................................................264

Converting a Multiple Layer Graph Window into Multiple Graph Windows.......................264 Arranging Layers on the Page ...............................................................................................265

Using the Add & Arrange Layers Menu Command................................................265 Exchanging Layer Positions with the Layer Tool ...................................................265 Overlaying Layers with the Layer Tool ..................................................................266 Arranging Layers with the Layer Tool....................................................................266 Arranging Layers using the Layer's Plot Details Dialog Box .................................266 Manually Positioning Layers on the Page ...............................................................267

The Layer Tool ......................................................................................................................267

Plotting: The Axes 271 General Tips on Editing the Axes..........................................................................................271 Axes and Axes Titles .............................................................................................................273

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Turning On and Off the Display of the Axes and Tick Labels................................273 Changing the Axis Scale and Increment .................................................................275 Changing the Length of the Axis ............................................................................276 Changing the Axis Scale Type ................................................................................276 Controlling the Axis Rescale Mode ........................................................................277 Adding, Deleting, and Formatting an Axis Break in a 2D Graph ...........................278 Adding a Grid..........................................................................................................279 Adding, Editing, and Positioning an Axis Title ......................................................279 Adjusting the Axis Position.....................................................................................280 Exchanging the X and Y Axes in a 2D Graph Layer ..............................................281 Linking Axes in Different Layers ...........................................................................281

Ticks and Tick Labels............................................................................................................281 Customizing Ticks...................................................................................................281 Customizing Tick Labels.........................................................................................282 Advanced Control over Tick Labels .......................................................................282

Reference Section: The Axis Dialog Box.............................................................................282 The Scale Tab..........................................................................................................283 The Title & Format Tab ..........................................................................................287 The Grid Lines Tab .................................................................................................289 The Break Tab.........................................................................................................291 The Tick Labels Tab................................................................................................293 The Minor Tick Labels Tab.....................................................................................297 The Custom Tick Labels Tab ..................................................................................299

Creating a Time Series Graph................................................................................................301

Plotting: Customizing the Graph 303 Data Plots: General Tips.......................................................................................................303

Making a Data Plot Active ......................................................................................303 Selecting the Data Plot You Want to Edit ...............................................................303 Switching Between Graph Types ............................................................................305 Controlling the Display Properties of a Group of Data Plots ..................................306 Controlling the Display Properties of a Data Point .................................................308 Customizing the Colors in Your Data Plot..............................................................309 Using Data Sets as a Plotting Enhancement............................................................314 Clipping the Data Plot to the Frame ........................................................................318 Hiding Data Plots ....................................................................................................318 Setting the Data Plot's Display Range .....................................................................318 Rescaling the Axes to Display Data that Extends Beyond the Current Axes Range.......................................................................................................................320 Connecting Lines Across Missing Data ..................................................................320 Displaying Every nth Data Point ..............................................................................321 Moving a Data Point................................................................................................321 Deleting a Data Point ..............................................................................................321 Displaying the Data Plot's Worksheet Data.............................................................321

Data Plots: Customizing Specific Elements .........................................................................322 Symbols ...................................................................................................................322

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Lines ........................................................................................................................329 Fill Patterns .............................................................................................................334 Column, Bar, and Box Spacing ...............................................................................335 Pie Slices .................................................................................................................337 Vectors ....................................................................................................................340 Contours ..................................................................................................................343 3D Surfaces .............................................................................................................350 Error Bars ................................................................................................................354 Data Labels..............................................................................................................355

Legends and Color Scales......................................................................................................357 Creating and Updating a Legend.............................................................................358 Changing the Legend Text ......................................................................................358 Displaying Data Plots from Different Layers in One Legend .................................360 Adding an Individual Data Point to the Legend......................................................361 How to Have Complete Control Over the Legend Display.....................................362 Setting the Active Data Plot using the Legend........................................................363 Controlling the Width of the Data Plot Type Icons in the Legend..........................363 Displaying and Editing Color Scales.......................................................................363

Text Labels ............................................................................................................................365 Creating and Editing Text Labels............................................................................365 Supported Escape Sequences ..................................................................................370 Resolving Math Expressions in Text Labels ...........................................................373 Linking Text Labels to Data and Variables.............................................................373

Lines, Arrows, and Other Annotations ..................................................................................374 Drawing Lines and Arrows .....................................................................................374 Drawing Boxes, Circles, Polygons, and Regions ....................................................376 Editing Objects ........................................................................................................376 Grouping Objects ....................................................................................................380 Aligning Objects .....................................................................................................380 Moving Objects to the Front or the Back ................................................................381 Hiding Objects.........................................................................................................381 Associating LabTalk Script with an Object.............................................................381 Adding a Scale Object to Your Graph.....................................................................385 Pasting Graphics from the Clipboard ......................................................................386

Exchanging Graphics Between Graph Windows ..................................................................386 Copying the Entire Page of the Active Graph Window (as an Active Layer) to another Graph Window ...........................................................................................386 Copying the Entire Page of the Active Graph Window (as an Object) to another Graph Window ........................................................................................................387 Copying Labels via the Clipboard...........................................................................387

Plotting: Customizing the Page Display 389 Setting the Page Orientation ..................................................................................................389 Available Page Viewing Modes: Speed vs. Accuracy..........................................................389

How Origin Generates Screen Images ....................................................................389 Print View ...............................................................................................................390

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Page View ...............................................................................................................390 Window View .........................................................................................................390 Draft View...............................................................................................................391 Full Screen...............................................................................................................391 The Miscellaneous Tab of the Page's Plot Details Dialog Box ...............................391

Other Ways to Increase Redraw Speed .................................................................................393 Controlling the Graph Window Redraw Conditions ...............................................394 Hiding Labels, Data, and Layers .............................................................................394

Setting the Dimensions of the Graph Page ............................................................................395 Setting the Page Color and Other Page Display Preferences.................................................397 Controlling the Display of Graph Legends on the Page ........................................................399 Changing the View of the Page .............................................................................................400

Zooming In and Out ................................................................................................400 Displaying the Whole Page .....................................................................................401

Duplicating the Page Layout in all Your Graph Windows....................................................401

Creating Your Graphic Presentation 403 Introduction to Creating Presentations ..................................................................................403 Using the Layout Page Window............................................................................................404

Opening a Layout Page Window.............................................................................404 Adding a Graph or Worksheet Picture to the Layout Page Window ......................404 Working with Pictures in the Layout Page Window...............................................404 Enhancing the Redraw Speed in a Layout Page Window .......................................407

Sharing Your Origin Graph with Another Application .........................................................408 Should I Insert My Graph or Create a Link to My Graph? .....................................408 Controlling the Size of your Linked or Inserted Graph...........................................409 Inserting Your Graph into Another Application .....................................................409 Editing an Inserted Graph in the Destination Application ......................................411 Creating a Link to Your Graph in Another Application..........................................411 Editing a Linked Graph in the Destination Application ..........................................412

Exporting Your Graph or Layout Page..................................................................................412 Exporting Your Graph or Layout Page Using the Clipboard ..................................412 Exporting Your Graph or Layout Page to an Image File ........................................413 Which Export Format Should I Choose? ................................................................414 Controlling the Size of the Exported Image ............................................................416

Inserting Origin Data Plot Symbols and Lines in Other Applications...................................417 A Note on Making 35 mm Slides ..........................................................................................417

Printing 419 Checking Your Display Options Before Printing ..................................................................419 Previewing Before Printing ...................................................................................................419

Print Preview Mode.................................................................................................419 A Note About Displaying and Printing Fonts........................................................................420 Printing to the Printer ............................................................................................................420 Printing to a PostScript File...................................................................................................425

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Printing Your PostScript File ..................................................................................425 How PostScript Files Differ from Encapsulated PostScript Files ...........................426

Troubleshooting Printing Problems.......................................................................................426

Data Analysis 429 Selecting the Active Data Plot for Analysis ..........................................................................429 The Results Log.....................................................................................................................429 Data Exploration Tools..........................................................................................................430

The Data Display Tool ............................................................................................430 The Data Selector Tool............................................................................................432 The Data Reader Tool .............................................................................................433 The Screen Reader Tool ..........................................................................................435 The Enlarger Tool and Undo Enlarge .....................................................................435 Zoom In and Zoom Out...........................................................................................437 Region of Interest (Image Data) ..............................................................................437

Masking Data from Analysis .................................................................................................438 Simple Math ..........................................................................................................................439

Performing Math Operations...................................................................................439 Performing Calculations on Data Sets Using LabTalk............................................440 Subtracting Reference Data.....................................................................................445 Subtracting a Straight Line......................................................................................446 Translating Vertically or Horizontally ....................................................................446 Averaging Multiple Curves .....................................................................................446 Interpolating and Extrapolating...............................................................................447 Differentiating .........................................................................................................447 Differentiating using Savitzky-Golay Smoothing ...................................................448 Integrating ...............................................................................................................448

Statistics.................................................................................................................................449 Descriptive Statistics ...............................................................................................449 Creating Box Charts ................................................................................................452 Creating QC Charts .................................................................................................455 Creating Histograms................................................................................................457 One Sample t-Tests .................................................................................................457 Two Sample t-Tests.................................................................................................461 One-Way ANOVA..................................................................................................467 Two-way ANOVA ..................................................................................................471 Survival Analysis ....................................................................................................477

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) ...............................................................................................482 Using the FFT Tool .................................................................................................486 Performing a Backward FFT...................................................................................489 FFT Mathematical Descriptions ..............................................................................490 Correlation using the FFT .......................................................................................492 Convolution using the FFT......................................................................................492 Deconvolution using the FFT..................................................................................493

Data Smoothing and Filtering................................................................................................494 Smoothing using Savitzky-Golay Filtering .............................................................494

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Smoothing using Adjacent Averaging ....................................................................494 FFT Filter Smoothing..............................................................................................495 Using the Smoothing Tool ......................................................................................495 Digital Filtering .......................................................................................................497

Baseline and Peak Analysis ...................................................................................................500 The Pick Peaks Tool................................................................................................500 The Baseline Tool ...................................................................................................502

Other Data Utilities................................................................................................................506 Sorting Data.............................................................................................................506 Normalizing Data ....................................................................................................507

Curve Fitting 509 Before You Begin..................................................................................................................509 Linear Fitting From the Menu ...............................................................................................510

Linear Regression....................................................................................................510 Polynomial Regression............................................................................................511 Multiple Regression ................................................................................................512

Linear Fitting Using the Tools...............................................................................................512 The Linear Fit Tool .................................................................................................512 The Polynomial Fit Tool .........................................................................................516

A Note on Linear Fitting Theory ...........................................................................................520 Theory of Linear Regression...................................................................................520 Theory of Polynomial Regression ...........................................................................523 Theory of Multiple Regression................................................................................524

Nonlinear Curve Fitting from the Menu ................................................................................525 First Order Exponential Decay................................................................................525 Second Order Exponential Decay ...........................................................................525 Third Order Exponential Decay ..............................................................................525 Exponential Growth ................................................................................................526 Gaussian ..................................................................................................................526 Lorentzian................................................................................................................526 Sigmoidal ................................................................................................................527 Fitting a Data Plot with Multiple Peaks...................................................................531

The Fit Comparison Tool.......................................................................................................532 The NLSF Wizard .................................................................................................................533

Creating a Custom Wizard ......................................................................................534 The Nonlinear Least Squares Fitter .......................................................................................536

Entering the Nonlinear Least Squares Curve Fitting Session..................................537 Using the Fitter in the Basic Mode: Examples .......................................................538 The Dialog Boxes of the Basic Mode......................................................................539 Using the Fitter in the Advanced Mode ..................................................................543 Before you Start: The Chi-Square Minimization ...................................................547 Selecting an Existing Fitting Function ....................................................................549 User-Defined Fitting Functions...............................................................................550 Selecting the Data Sets ............................................................................................568 Starting the Fitting...................................................................................................570

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The Fitting Results ..................................................................................................573 Controlling the Fitting Procedure............................................................................577 Setting the Parameter Constraints ...........................................................................579 Simulation of Data...................................................................................................581 Running Scripts at Specified Triggers.....................................................................583 Fitting Multiple Peaks with Replicas of the Function .............................................588 Initializing the Fitter ................................................................................................590

Using the Fitter with the Network Version of Origin............................................................590 Fitting Strategies....................................................................................................................591

Do I need NLSF? ....................................................................................................591 Using the Built-in Functions ...................................................................................591 Parameter Initialization ...........................................................................................591 When the Fitting Procedure Does Not Converge ....................................................592

Setting Your Preferences 595 Starting Origin with a Specific File .......................................................................................595 Adjusting How Origin Starts by Modifying the Command Line ..........................................595

Using a Different Initialization File When Starting Origin .....................................596 Specifying a Menu Level When Starting Origin .....................................................596 Adding a New or Additional Configuration File.....................................................597 Directing Origin to Start by Opening a Worksheet Based on a Specific Template.597 Network Switches ...................................................................................................597 Directing Origin to Start by Opening a Specific File ..............................................598 The Origin Start Up Sequence.................................................................................598

Controlling the Default Window Type when You Open a New Project ...............................600 Setting Your Preferences with the Options Dialog Box ........................................................600

Opening the Options Dialog Box ............................................................................600 Saving the Settings in the Options Dialog Box for Future Origin Sessions............601 Reference Section: The Options Dialog Box .........................................................601

Customizing the Color Palette ...............................................................................................623 Creating Custom Colors from the Color Buttons ..................................................................625 Customizing Templates .........................................................................................................625

Creating a Custom Template ...................................................................................625 Creating a Window Based on a Custom Template..................................................626 Attributes Saved with a Worksheet Template .........................................................627 Attributes Saved with a Graph Template ................................................................627 Attributes Saved with a Matrix Template................................................................628

Customizing Toolbars............................................................................................................629 The Customize Toolbar Dialog Box........................................................................629 Creating a Button that Performs a Custom Task .....................................................631 Creating a Group of Buttons that Perform Custom Tasks.......................................633 Modifying Custom Button Groups..........................................................................634 Exchanging Tools by Exporting Button Groups .....................................................634

Sharing Origin Files 639

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Introduction ...........................................................................................................................639 Packing Files..........................................................................................................................639 Un-packing Files....................................................................................................................640

Index 641

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Index

Index printing 425 printing to 417, 425 .PSD files exporting 413

.TGA files . exporting 413

.AI files .TIF files exporting 413, 606 exporting 413

.BMP files .WMF files exporting 413 exporting 414, 606

.CGM files .XPM files exporting 413, 606 exporting 414

.DXF files .XWD files exporting 413, 606 exporting 414

.EMF files exporting 413, 606 @ .EPS files exporting 413, 606 @letter variable

.INI files legend 359 starting Origin 589, 590

.JPG files 2 exporting 413 2 digit year .OGG files

date value 65 inserting in destination 2 point segment graph 182 OLE 2 410 2000 year compliance 65, 301 linking graphs in other programs 2D binning OLE 2 412

worksheet to matrix conversion 110 .OGM files 2D graphs opening matrix templates 103

2 panel 217 .OPJ files See also Project 2 point segment 182 exchanging 3 point segment 183 font substitution 426 4 panel 214 graph orientation 427 9 panel 215 labels resizing 426 area 200 linking graphs in other programs bar 193, 334, 336 OLE 2 411 box chart 334, 336, 452 .OTM files bubble 222, 315 opening matrix files 103 clipping data outside XY axis range 247 .OTW files color mapped 220, 311, 344, 346 opening worksheet templates 39, 71

color scale 364 .PCX files column 195, 334, 336 exporting 413 double Y axis 216 .PDF files fill area 201, 333, 334, 336 exporting 413, 606 floating bar 196 .PNG files floating column 197 exporting 413 high-low-close 211 .PS files

Index 641

Index

histogram with probabilities 457 displaying outline of front planes 251 histograms 334, 336, 457 layer redraw speed horizontal step 184 graphic image caching 245, 247 indexed size 222, 315 speed mode 245, 247 indexed size and color mapped 221 multiple data plots in layer 169 layer redraw speed page redraw speed

graphic image caching 245, 247 hiding data plots 395 speed mode 245, 247 hiding labels 395

line 185, 329 hiding layers 395 line series 186 redraw conditions 392, 394, 613 line+symbol 188, 325, 329 viewing mode 390, 391 page redraw speed pie 206, 339

hiding data plots 395 plotting matrix data 163 hiding labels 395 ribbon 224 hiding layers 395 rotating 248 redraw conditions 392, 394, 613 tick labels 249 viewing mode 390, 391 scatter 227, 329

pie 206, 334, 336, 339 projections 329 polar 202, 334, 336 setting axis length 248 QC chart 455 tilting 248 scatter 189, 325 trajectory 228, 329 Smith Chart 207 projections 329 spline connected 190 wall 225, 334, 336 stack 218 waterfall 226, 334, 336 stack bar 198 wire frame surface 232, 350, 352 stack column 199 wire surface 233, 350, 352 ternary 212 X constant with base surface 234, 350, 352 toolbar 9 Y constant with base surface 235, 350, 352 vector 209, 210, 342 3D Rotation toolbar 248 vertical 2 panel 219 vertical drop line 191 4 vertical step 192

4 digit year waterfall 204 date value 65

4 panel graph 214 3 3 point segment graph 183 9 3D Bars tab

9 panel graph 215 Plot Details dialog box 353 3D graphs

bar 223, 229, 334, 336, 353 A changing perspective 249, 251

AC component clipping data outside XY axis range 252 fast Fourier transform 488 color fill surface 230, 350, 352

Active color map surface 231, 344, 346, 350, 352 data plot column 223, 229

selecting 303, 363 displaying back planes 251

Index 642

Index

Adding Results Log 24, 429 data plot to layer 164, 167, 168 smoothing data layers to graph 254 adjacent averaging 495

Adjacent averaging FFT filter 495 smoothing data 495 Savitzky-Golay 494

Adobe Illustrator sorting data 506 graphic export file format 413, 606 statistics on data 449

Adobe PhotShop box chart 452 graphic export file format 413 histogram 457

After Fitting dialog box 582 histogram with probabilities 457 AI files One-Way ANOVA 467

exporting 413, 606 QC chart 455 Aligning survival analysis 477

axis tick labels 300 t-Test 457, 461 Alphanumeric symbols Two-Way ANOVA 472

box around 324, 326 subtract reference data 446 displaying in data plot 323, 326 subtract straight line 446

Amplitude normalization translating data 446 fast Fourier transform 488 Analysis of variance 467, 472

Analysis Angular range averaging data 447 setting for polar graph 203 calculations on data sets 440 Angular units data coordinates 433 global setting 597

Annotations See also Text label data frequency count 450 differentiating data 448 aligning 380

Savitzky-Golay 448 aligning to grid 381 extrapolating data 440, 447 arrows 374 fast Fourier transform 482 aligning 375 filtering data arrowhead 374

band block filter 499 circles 376 band pass filter 499 copying to the Clipboard 387 high pass filter 498 grouping 380 low pass filter 498 hiding 381 threshold filter 500 lines 374

finding peaks 500, 502 aligning 375 integrating data 448 horizontal 375

Baseline tool 502 vertical 375 interpolating data 440, 447 moving front or back 381 linear regression 510, 512 pasting from Clipboard 386 masking data 438 rectangles 376 math operations 439 text label 365 multiple regression 512 ANSI character set 365, 372 normality test 450 Apparent fit normalizing data 507 linear regression 513 polynomial regression 511, 516 Appending range of data 432 projects 29 results of Application development

Index 643

Index

distributing your application 623 adding a break 278, 292 Area graphs connecting data across 278, 398

2D waterfall 204 removing 278, 292 3D waterfall 226 adding independent axes 254, 268 area 200 adding linked axes 254, 268 fill area 201 changing 3D perspective 249, 251 fill area graph 333 changing increment 275

Arranging layers in graph 257, 265, 266, 267 changing position 280, 288 Arrow tool 374 changing rescale mode 277, 285 Arrowheads changing scale type 276, 284

annotations 374 linear 284 vector graph 342 ln logarithmic 284

Arrows log2 284 adding to graph 374 logarithmic 284 adjusting the arrowheads 374 logit 284 aligning in graph 375 offset reciprocal 276, 284 Bezier curve 375 probability 284 curved 375 probit 284

ASCII character display reciprocal 284 text label 371 clipping data outside XY axis range 243, 247, 252

ASCII Export Into dialog box 141 clipping data outside Z axis range 352 ASCII file color 288

default path 598 display control 247 drag-and-drop import 120, 134, 164 displaying 288 exporting data 141 displaying 3D back planes 251

range 142 displaying 3D front planes outline 251 significant digits 141 displaying frame around layer 243

importing into graph window 117, 118 displaying opposite line 290 file header 117 displaying right Y 273

importing into matrix window 108 tick labels 274 importing into worksheet window 121, 125 displaying scale using scale object 131, 385

file header 124 displaying top X 273 file structure 123 tick labels 274 range 126 displaying X value 131

importing multiple into worksheet window 128 exchanging X and Y 281 ASCII Import Options for Worksheet dialog box 123 grid lines 279, 290 Associate Excel Worksheet dialog box 79 on top of data 279 AutoCAD Drawing Interchange polar graph 203

graphic export file format 413, 606 hiding 274, 288 AutoExec macro linking layers 258, 261

Origin start up sequence 593 custom 262 Automatic color positioning with grid 280

for data plot 309 rescaling to show all data 320 Automation rotating 3D 248

drag-and-drop data 121, 135, 164 tick labels 249 Averaging data 447 scale 275, 276 Axis Axis Zoom In and Out 276

Index 644

Index

cumulative Y scale 337 scale object 131 displaying scale using scale object 131, 385 X value indicator object 131 displaying X value 131 Enlarger tool 275, 435 B

selecting in Axis dialog box Back planes Scale list box 272, 283

displaying in 3D 251 setting 3D length 248 Background tab setting the length of 244, 276

Plot Details dialog box 242 thickness 288 Backslash character tick

in text labels 372 customizing 281 Backup file first major 286

creating 27, 615 increment 285 Backward Fast Fourier transform 486, 490 length 282, 288 Band block minor increment 286

filter 499 minor labels 298 Band pass number on axis 286

filter 499 tick label 282, 294 Bar graphs adding special 300

3D bar 223, 229, 353 aligning 300 bar 193 decimal places 296 change into column graph 281 divide by factor 296 customizing patterns 334 format 296 customizing spacing 336 prefix or suffix 296 floating bar graph 196 rotating 300 stack bar graph 198 time series 301 stacking 337 type 294

Bars (3D) tab tilting 3D 248 Plot Details dialog box 353 title 279, 288

Bars (graphs) See Columns (graphs) moving from default position 280 Baseline Axis dialog box

tool 502 Break tab 291 Batch importing Custom Tick Labels tab 299

ASCII files Grid Lines tab 289 graph 118 Minor Tick Labels tab 297 worksheet 128 opening 271

Batch printing Scale list box 272, 283 Excel workbooks Scale tab 283

Project Explorer 420 selecting an axis 272, 283 functions 421 Tick Labels tab 293

Project Explorer 420 Title & Format tab 287 graphs 421 Axis tab

Project Explorer 420 Options dialog box 599 layout pages 421 Plot Details dialog box 248

Project Explorer 420 Axon file worksheets importing 130

Project Explorer 420 plotting 131

Index 645

Index

Bezier line Axis dialog box 291 connection in data plot 332 B-spline line

Binning connection in data plot 331 2D Bubble and color mapped graph 221

worksheet to matrix conversion 110 Bubble graph 222, 315 customizing for box chart 454 Buffering

Bisection search layer redraw speed 245, 247 reading data points 435, 613 Built-in functions

Bitmap buffering using with NLSF 586 layer redraw speed 245, 247

Bitmaps C displaying as data plot symbols 322, 326, 603

Caching graphic images graphic export file format 413 layer redraw speed 245, 247 pasting from Clipboard 386

Categorical data 67, 176 Blackman window function CGM files fast Fourier transform 488, 492

exporting 413, 606 BMP files Character map 365 exporting 413 Character set 365, 372 Bold Charting See Plotting text label 371 Child layer 240, 254 Boltzmann 522 Chi-square Bonferroni

calculating One-Way ANOVA 467 nonlinear least squares fitter 538, 567 Two-Way ANOVA 472

definition 532, 544, 565 Border local minimum displaying around axes 290

nonlinear least squares fitter 587 displaying around layer 243 minimizing for fill 334

nonlinear least squares fitter 542, 587, 588 pie tolerance between iterations removing 338

nonlinear least squares fitter 572 Box Circle around data plot symbols 324, 326

adding object to graph 376 displaying around axes 290 Circle tool 376 Box chart 452 Circular grid customizing binning 454

polar graph 203 customizing box 453 Clearing customizing data 454

data in worksheet 48 customizing patterns 334 Clipboard customizing spacing 336

copying data customizing whiskers 453 signigicant digits 141 interpolating for percentiles

copying data between worksheets 143 global setting 603 copying data from worksheet 142 overlaying distribution curve 454 copying graphs as objects 387 Box tab copying graphs between pages 387 Plot Details dialog box 453 copying labels between graph windows 387 Boxes (graphs) See Columns (graphs) exporting graphs 412 Break tab

Index 646

Index

page size 606 selecting automatic 309 resolution 607 symbol edge color in legend 362 speed mode 392 symbol fill color in legend 363

exporting layout pages 412 text label 371 pasting data into worksheet 140 worksheet background 53

linking 140 Column graphs transpose 140 3D column 223, 229

Clipping change into bar graph 281 color map surface graph 3D 352 column 195 data to frame 243, 247, 252, 318 customizing patterns 334 setting margins for data plots 247 customizing spacing 336

Code Builder floating column graph 197 programming 25 stack column graph 199

Color fill surface graph 3D 230, 350, 352 Column toolbar Color images moving worksheet columns 40

importing 144 Columns (graphs) plotting 145 bar thickness 337 viewing with custom palettes 146 fill patterns 334

Color map surface graph 3D 231, 344, 346, 350, 352 gap between 336 displaying contour projections 352 log scale controls Z clipping 352 global setting 602

Color Map tab overlap 337 Plot Details dialog box 344 show zero value

Color mapped and indexed size graph 221 global setting 602 Color mapped graph 220, 311, 341, 344, 346 stacking 337

color scale 364 Columns (matrix) Color palette heading height 53

Columns (worksheets) See also Data, Data set customizing 617 Color Palette dialog box 618 adding 39 Color scale See also Legend assigning incremental X values 47

display in graph 363 associations in worksheets 55, 59, 154 Color Scale Control dialog box 364 calculations on using LabTalk 440 Colors categorical data 67

axis 288 changing data color mapping data plot 311, 344, 346 running script 68

color scale 364 changing the width 40, 63 vectors 341 copying data 44

creating a custom color 310 copying data between 143 customizing color palette 617 data frequency count 450 customizing in data plot 309 date 60, 65 direct RGB in data plot 311 day of week 60, 65 displaying in layer 242 deleting 40 displaying in page 398 deleting data 48 incrementing in data plot 310 deleting data point 321 indexing in data plot 311 displaying as tick labels 295 line color in legend 362 displaying column labels 52 matrix background 53 displaying column names 52

Index 647

Index

displaying default X values 58 selecting for vector angle 315 editing a cell value 43 selecting for vector magnitude 315 exporting data 48 selecting nonadjacent 50

ASCII file 141 setting data type 60 Clipboard 142 setting default X values 58

extracting data 69 setting display format 61 filling with a function 45, 46 date 62, 65 filling with normal random numbers 45 day of week 63, 65 filling with row numbers 45 month 63, 65 filling with uniform random numbers 45 numeric 61, 64 heading time 62, 65

tick label 295 setting plotting designations 55, 59 heading height 53 disregard 56 importing data 44 error 56

running script 68 label 56 inserting 40 multiple X 56 inserting data 47 X 56 labeling 54, 63 Y 56

from import header 125, 126 Z 56 math operations 439 setting the display range 49 maximum points from import file 125

layer redraw speed 245, 247 sorting data 506 missing values 48 statistics 449 month 60, 65 interpolating for percentiles 603 moving 40 supported engineering notation 43, 61 naming 54, 59 text 60

from import header 125 text and numeric 60 normality test 450 Origin 4.1 issues 60, 614 normalizing data 507 time 60, 65 numeric 60 transposing with rows 41, 613 pasting data into 140 typing data 42

linking 140 Command line transposing 140 starting Origin with a specific sequence 589

plotting adjacent 56 Compliance plotting as labels 355, 356 year 2000 65, 301

ANSI character set 365, 372 Computer Graphics Metafile plotting nonadjacent 56, 159, 160, 162, 167 graphic export file format 413, 606 plotting when no X data 57, 156 Confidence bands selecting adjacent 50 linear regression 515 selecting all in worksheet 49 nonlinear least squares fitter 569 selecting for color indexing 311 polynomial regression 519 selecting for color mapping 311, 344, 346 Confidence level

color scale 364 linear regression 513, 517 selecting for RGB colors 311 nonlinear least squares fitter 569 selecting for symbol interior 315 Configuration file selecting for symbol shape 315, 316 starting Origin 590, 591 selecting for symbol size 315 Constants

Index 648

Index

defining Data Display tool 430 nonlinear least squares fitter 580 Coordinates of data point 433

Constraints Copying imposing on parameters data from worksheet 44

nonlinear least squares fitter 575, 579, 588 graphs Contour graphs export 412

black and white with labels 236 OLE 2 409 color fill 237 speed mode 392 contour labels 348, 349, 356 layers between pages 255 contour levels 344, 346 layout pages contour lines 347 export 412 gray scale map 238 Correlation layer redraw speed fast Fourier transform 492

graphic image caching 245, 247 Cox Proportional Hazards Model speed mode 245, 247 survival analysis 477

page redraw speed Criteria hiding data plots 395 extracting data from worksheet 69 hiding labels 395 Crop marks hiding layers 395 printing graph 396, 421 redraw conditions 392, 394, 613 CTRL column selection viewing mode 390, 391 in worksheet 50, 56

plotting matrix data 163 Cube Contour Labels dialog box displaying front outlines in 3D 251

Curve See Data plot Plot Details dialog box 348 Curve fitter See Nonlinear least squares fitter Contour Lines dialog box

Plot Details dialog box 347 Curved Arrow tool 375 Contour projections Custom color

displaying with color map surface graph 352 for data plot 310 Contours tab Custom Tick Labels tab

Plot Details dialog box 344 Axis dialog box 299 Control Parameters dialog box 572 Converting D

Excel workbook to matrix Danielson-Lanczos lemma 491 direct 80, 110 Data See also Worksheet, Data set, Columns

(worksheets), Data file matrix to worksheet

direct 114 analysis XYZ columns 114

averaging 447 worksheet to matrix differentiating 448 2D binning 110 extrapolating 440, 447 direct 110 fast Fourier transform 482 expand 110 frequency count 450 random XYZ data 113 integrating 448, 502 regular XYZ data 111 interpolating 440, 447 sparse XYZ data 112 linear regression 510, 512 Convolution masking 438 fast Fourier transform 492 multiple regression 512 Coordinate

Index 649

Index

normality test 450 selecting worksheet cells 51 normalizing 507 selecting worksheet rows 50 polynomial regression 511, 516 setting as categorical 67 Results Log 429 setting default separator 596 smoothing 494, 495 setting matrix display format 104 sorting 506 setting the worksheet display range 49 statistics 449, 452, 455, 457, 461, 467, 472, 477 setting values with a function 45, 46 subtraction 446 matrix 106 translating 446 setting worksheet column data type 60

assigning incremental X values 47 setting worksheet column display format 61 copying in worksheet 44 date 62, 65 deleting in worksheet 48 day of week 63, 65 displaying as tick labels 295 month 63, 65 dragging into graph 168 numeric 61, 64 editing a cell value 43 time 62, 65 exporting from worksheet 48 sparse XYZ extracting from worksheet 69 converting to matrix 112 filling column with normal random numbers 45 supported engineering notation 43, 61 filling column with row numbers 45 time series axis 285, 301 filling column with uniform random numbers 45 typing in worksheet 42 filtering Data Display

band block 499 tool 430 band pass 499 Data Display Format dialog box 432 high pass 498 Data file low pass 498 ASCII threshold 500 exporting 141

importing in worksheet 44 exporting range 142 ODBC 135 file header 117, 124 running script 68 file structure 123

inserting in a column 47 importing into graph window 117, 118 linking to a text label 373 importing into matrix window 108 making changes in worksheet importing into worksheet window 121, 125, 128

running script 68 importing range into worksheet window 126 masking from analysis 438 Axon math operations 439, 440 importing into worksheet window 130 maximum points dBASE

layer redraw speed 245, 247 importing into worksheet window 129 missing values in worksheet 48 DIF peak analysis 500, 502 importing into worksheet window 129 plotting error bars 174 Kaleidagraph random XYZ importing into worksheet window 130

converting to matrix 113 LabTech regular XYZ importing into worksheet window 129

converting to matrix 111 Lotus selecting adjacent worksheet columns 50, 56 importing into worksheet window 129 selecting all in worksheet 49 Mathematica selecting nonadjacent worksheet columns 50, 56 importing into worksheet window 130

Index 650

Index

MiniTab creating importing into worksheet window 132, 134 from selected worksheet data 155

SigmaPlot without highlighting worksheet data 156 importing into worksheet window 132, 134 creating a custom color 310

Sound customizing a data point 308 importing into worksheet window 130 customizing colors 309, 325

Data Import Options for Worksheet dialog box 125 data labels 355, 356 Data labels 355 ANSI character set 365, 372

ANSI character set 365, 372 defining 152 format 356 deleting 166

Data list deleting a data point 321 active data plot 153 differentiating 448 definition 153 Savitzky-Golay 448 error bar data plot 175 display every nth 321, 327 Excel workbook data 82 display over axes 247

Data plot displaying a range 167 3D bars 353 displaying coordinates 430 3D grids