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Ethanolamines01/02S2

August 2002

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U:\2002Q3\PERP\0002\4049\production\4049-i-ap.doc PERP 01/02S2, Ethanolamines

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I SUMMARY 1

A. INTRODUCTION 1

B. CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGY 2

1. Chemistry 2

2. Scientific Design Process 2

3. Davy (Kvaerner) Process 3

C. NIPPON SHOKUBAI CATALYTIC, ANHYDROUS PROCESS 4

D. ECONOMICS 5

E. END-USES 7

F. SUPPLY AND DEMAND 8

1. United States 8

2. Western Europe 9

3. Japan 11

II INTRODUCTION 12

III CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGY 14

A. SCIENTIFIC DESIGN PROCESS 14

1.

Chemistry 14

2. Background 14

3. Process Description 15

B. DAVY (KVAERNER) PROCESS 21

1. Chemistry 21

2. Background 21

3. Process Description 21

C. SELECTED RECENT PATENTS 24

IV CATALYTIC, ANHYDROUS PROCESS 26

A. INTRODUCTION 26 B. PROCESS DESCRIPTION 26

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TABLE OF CONTENTS(Continued)

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V ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 29

A. BASIS 29

1. Pricing 29

2. Investment Basis 30

3. Cost of Production Basis 30

B. CONVENTIONAL UNCATALYZED, AQUEOUS AMMONIA PROCESS 31

C. CATALYZED, ANHYDROUS AMMONIA PROCESS 38

D. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 42 1. Feedstock Prices 42

2. Investment Variation 45

3. Capacity Effect 46

VI COMMERCIAL ANALYSIS 47

A. APPLICATIONS 47

1. Introduction 47

2. Physical Properties 47

3. End-Uses 49 (a) Gas Sweetening 49

(b) Detergents, Specialty Cleaners, and Personal Care Products 51

(c) Textiles 52

(d) Metalworking 52

(e) Intermediates for Agricultural Actives Production 52

(f) Other 53

4. Health and Safety 53

B. SUPPLY AND DEMAND 55

1. United States 55 (a) Supply 55

(b) Demand 56

2. Western Europe 56

(a) Supply 56

(b) Demand 57

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TABLE OF CONTENTS(Continued)

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3. Japan 57

(a) Supply 57

(b) Demand 58

4. Other Regions 58

REFERENCES 59

APPENDIX I 60

APPENDIX II 64

PERP TITLE INDEX 69

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TABLES

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Table I.F.1 U.S. Ethanolamines Capacity by Producer, 2001 8Table I.F.2 U.S. Ethanolamines Demand 9Table I.F.3 West European Ethanolamines Capacity by Producer, 2001 10Table I.F.4 West European Ethanolamines Demand 10Table I.F.5 Japanese Ethanolamines Capacity by Producer, 2001 11Table I.F.6 Japanese Ethanolamines Demand 11

Table III.A.1 Typical Ethanolamines Feedstock Specifications for Scientific

Design Process 17Table III.A.2 Typical Ethanolamines Product Specifications from Scientific

Design Process 19Table III.A.3 Storage Considerations for Ethanolamines 20Table III.B.1 Typical Ethanolamine Qualities Davy Process 23

Table V.A.1 Prices of Economic Inputs 29Table V.B.1 Cost of Production Estimate for: Ethanolamines Light Distribution

Process: Aqueous Ammonia, Non-Catalytic 32Table V.B.2 Cost of Production Estimate for: Ethanolamines

Medium DistributionProcess: Aqueous Ammonia, Non-Catalytic 33

Table V.B.3 Cost of Production Estimate for: Ethanolamines Heavy DistributionProcess: Aqueous Ammonia, Non-Catalytic 34

Table V.B.4 Summary of Costs by Product Distribution 35Table V.C.1 Cost of Production Estimate for: Ethanolamines Heavy Distribution

Process: Anhydrous Ammonia, La-Exch. Zeolite Catalyst, 80 wt%Sel. to DEA 39

Table V.C.2 Cost of Production Estimate for: Ethanolamines Heavy DistributionProcess: Anhydrous Ammonia, La-Exch. Zeolite Catalyst, 90 wt%Sel. to DEA 40

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TABLES(Continued)

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Table VI.A.1 Typical Properties of Dow Ethanolamines 48Table VI.B.1 U.S. Ethanolamines Capacity by Producer, 2001 55Table VI.B.2 U.S. Ethanolamines Demand 56Table VI.B.3 West European Ethanolamines Capacity by Producer, 2001 56Table VI.B.4 West European Ethanolamines Demand 57Table VI.B.5 Japanese Ethanolamines Capacity by Producer, 2001 57Table VI.B.6 Japanese Ethanolamines Demand 58

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FIGURES

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Figure I.D.1 Comparison of Ethanolamines Economics 6Figure I.E.1 Ethanolamine End-Use Pattern, 2001 8

Figure III.A.1 Ethanolamines via Scientific Design Process 16Figure III.B.1 Davy Ethanolamines Schematic Flow Diagram 22

Figure IV.B.1 Ethanolamines via Conceptual Nippon Shokubai Process 27Figure V.B.1 Ethanolamines Technology Cost Comparison 37Figure V.C.1 Comparison of Ethanolamines Economics 41Figure V.D.1 Price Effects on Ethanolamines Cost: Uncatalyzed, Aqueous

Light Distribution 42Figure V.D.2 Price Effects on Ethanolamines Cost: Uncatalyzed, Aqueous

Heavy Distribution 43Figure V.D.3 Price Effects on Ethanolamines Cost: Catalyzed, Anhydrous,

90% DEA 44Figure V.D.4 Investment Effect on Ethanolamines Cost 45Figure V.D.5 Capacity Effect on Ethanolamines Cost 46

Figure VI.A.1 Ethanolamine End-Use Pattern, 2001 50

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