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T H Y a C T O T h l ?AyT'AnOBaHHR F e H O B O T HX ~ K ~ H o H ~ ~ ~ H o ~ o COCTORHMFI K a K Y a C T -

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~ F ~ w A E . ? r q u e T u Y e c K o r o annapma y ~ T X X rpynn o p r a ~ ~ 3 u o ~ . npn ?TOM B 3a- T I ) O H ~ T ~ I X r e H a x A O J I X H ~ ~ ~ P O H C X O A M T ~ ~ ~ r ) T a f i H b l ~ ! p a 3 ~ o ~ a n p a s n e ~ ~ ~ e M y T a - UHH, C p e A H K O T O P b R fie C e J I e K U M R V O X e T ~ b l 6 k l p a ~ b T e , KOTOPble UMeMT wan- T H B H W U e H H O C T b . ~ P O C T O B aKTMBHblx I'eHaX AOJIXHO B 0 3 H H K a T b 6 o n b u e e w C -

no V y T a w R , Ye!A B reaax, H a x o A m q M x c E B COCTORHHH p e n p e c c H 1 . r .

~ J I ~ : U M ? A AOCTOMHCTBOM P M n O T e 3 b I 0 BJIHRHHM $ Y H K W O H ~ J ~ ~ H O ~ O COCTOftHHR

r e H 0 7 H a MX M ~ T ~ ~ H J I ~ H o c T ~ R B J I P e T C R ee A O C T y n H O C T b AJIR 3 K C l l e p H ~ e ~ ~ a J l b H o f i

n p o B e p K m H a camx paa~m XMBU o p r a ~ ~ z ~ a x , A o c T a T o w i o H ~ D ~ H H ~ T X B re- H ~ T M Y ~ C K O ' A OTHO'l leHHH. Bce 3 T 0 H n 0 3 B O J I R e T H a M n P W H R T b 3 T Y r H n O T e 3 y B

K a Y e C T B F : "pa6o~eG" AJfR ~ a J I b H e f i t U u ~ H C C J I ~ A O B ~ H W ~ ~ B 0 6 n a c ~ ~ C n O H T W H O r O

v. H H m c r p o s a H H o r o x y ~ a r e ~ e s a .

14

Ecnz 6 y p y q ~ e HCCJIeIJOBaHMR I I O A T B e p A f l T C @ O ~ M ~ J I H ~ O B ~ H H ~ ~ O Bblllle F H n O - '

Te3J', ? T O , nOhlMh40 H ~ O ~ X O A M M O C T M K O H K P e T H 3 H P O B a T b MOJIeKYJI'nRpHLde M e X a H H 3 -

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B o - n e p ~ b l x , 3 T 0 6 y ~ e ~ 0 3 H a Y a T b e C T e C T B e H H 0 e P e U I e H H e C T a p O F O B O n p O -

ca o n n u m j i w sHen!HMx y c n o ~ ~ f i H a MYTBUHOHHM~~ npouecc: e c n r ? r em MYTHPY- !"T TC?! Y a q e , Yeh l M H T e H C l l B H e e OHM " p a 6 0 ~ a [ O ~ " , T O M ~ ~ a ~ ~ H t i b l f i C n e K T p K n e -

T O K AOJIKcH O T p a X l T b @ Y H K I $ ~ o H ~ J ~ ~ H O ~ COCTOflHMe HX r e H e T H Y e C K O r 0 a I I n a p a T a

n p l 4 n a H H h I X BHeWHMX YCJIOBHRX. E C T ~ C T B ~ H H O , YTO B T a K O M CJlyT?ae ~ y T a 6 H J l b -

H O C T b KJ IeTOV C J I e A y e T X a P a K T F 3 P H 3 0 B a T b H e OAHMM eAMHCTBeHH61M W C J I O M ( H a -

n p M \ 4 e p , Y ~ C T O T O ~ ~ MYTMpOBaHHFI K ~ K O P O - J I H 6 0 P e ~ a ) , a P a C n p e A e n e H H e M 3 ~ 0 f i

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JIeHkTfl 6 y n y ~ nO.l lHOCTbD O K P a T b C f l er0 3BPMCTMWOCTbKI .

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CTORHMB P e H 0 3 O T K P O e T BO3MOXHOCTM AJIR H 3 p e H M R pma p e r y J I R T 0 p H b I X CBH-

3"fi H P f i O C P C A C T B e H H O H a XHBblX K J I e T K a X , 6e3 MX P a 3 P p e H H R $3 K&EnapHpO-

bat314.9. P f l ~ BOl?pOCOB M O J ' I ~ K ~ J I R P H O ~ ~ r e H e T H K H , C B R 3 a H H H X C p e r y n ~ ~ e R a K -

TMBHOCTH p a 3 H b I X F e H O B , .MOKHO 6 y ~ e ~ H 3 Y q a T b H a X H B Ld X O ~ % ~ K T B X ,

a l C I I O J I b 3 y B B K a Y e C T B e M a P K e P O B YaCTOTbl . IMYTMPOBaHHH P&3HbD( F e H O B , n o ~ o 6 - HO TOMY, K a K H C n O J I b 3 Y e T C f l B C n n e C K M Y T ~ ~ H J I ~ H O C T M B T O Y K e penJ lHHa l&fH AHK A.IIfl K a p T H P O B a H H R XPOMOCOM 6 a K T e p H f i . He HCKJIMrleHO, YTO H e K Q T O p b l e XHMH-

YeCKMF3 M y T a r e H L d 6 y p y T Y C H J I H B a T b M ~ T E l w t 2 H H b l f i B @ ~ K T @ J W K J J ~ ¶ I ? H ~ J ~ ~ H O P O COC-

TORHMfl P e H O M a , B b I C T Y n a R B P O n H C B O ~ O ~ ~ B ~ H O ~ O M H K p O C K O n a .

B - T P ~ T ~ M X , OYeBMAHO 3 H a Y e H l l e OnMCBHHOFO @ ~ H O M ~ H ~ ( e C 2 . n ~ OH I IOJ IyvMT

C T a T y C ~ ~ e 0 6 q H 0 ~ ~ 1 . r ) AJIR M3J'YeHMFI A H @ ~ P ~ H ~ H P O B K H K J l e T O K H T K a H e f i B OH-

T O P e H e s t ? M B MMMJWHOG C H C T e M e M, K a K O T M ~ Y a J l H r e p M a H H ABOPKHH /32( AJIR o6qefi T e O p H M B B O J I D W H .

C O B ~ ~ I L I ~ H H O RCHO, YTO @ ~ H O M ~ H 3 T O T H e H M e e T HMKaKOFO O T H O m e H H R HH

K " ~ ~ ~ T H B I I O M Y M y T a ~ e H e 3 ~ " , HH K HaCJ IeAOBaHHH) n p ~ o 6 p e ~ a e ~ m C B O ~ ~ C T B .

O A H ~ K O M n p e A c T a B n e H m o n o n ~ o f i H ~ ~ ~ B H C H M O C T H ~ y ~ a r e ~ e 3 a OT Y C J I O B M ~ ~

O ~ M T ~ H H R n p M g e T C R y C , T p H T b MeCTO n P e A C T a B J I e H H R M 06 ~ n p e , Q e J I e H ~ ~ f i " H a -

~ ~ ~ B J I ~ H H o c T H " M y T a J J H O H H O r O I IpOL@CCa , B TOM CMblCJfe , Y T O F e H b I , HHTeHCMB-

H e e p a 6 o ~ a ~ q ~ e B A a H H m YCJIOBHRx C p e A b I , Y a q e MyTHPyfOT H T e M CaMbIM

n p e g c T a B n m T co6oti donee n a 6 ~ n b ~ n R M a T e p H a J l A n R e C T e C T B e H H O r 0 0 ~ 6 o p a . H e K e J I H C T ~ ~ H J I ~ H ~ I ~ , K O H C e p B a T M B H b I e , B A a H H m YCJIOBHRX H e H C n O n b 3 y e M b J e

r e H b l .

k f 3 J I o ~ e H H y f O B b m e C H C T e M y n p e ~ c ~ a ~ J f e H r ? R M o m 0 H a 3 B a T b " @ J W W O H ~ J I ~ -

~oGr ~ o ~ q e n w e f i W a w o H H o r o npoqecca" .

10. npeoapaxencvasr O.B., Kapnoe B.n. Haropcran T.B.. tinp3aaeroe

1. h e m B.B., ~ M K H H B.A. Koeanerra AA. CMUPHOB n H . <19e7> Pe-

rynmlnR 3t30re- EiJJeHMHOM 3KCnPeccnH renos AUE2 n ADEl, r o n w

PW CTPWTYPY n e w ue~uen-me nwnnoeoro bnocnnre= Y npoxxen

Seccharomyces c e r e v i s i a e . GHonon~laepH n r n e r r a , 38B-326.

2. 3axaP- HA, Komn CA. KomHa T.H., Cwnopoea HR (1-4) C6op

HHK ~ A H K no r e n e m r e nPoxxe*caxapo~~ueToe. n: Hayxa.

3. nnbnna B.n. KOP~~OAHH B.H (1987) Lloraaarenbcreo peananocw

JIHVeHHR Y I C - I V m B03HHKHOBeHHR WBeWOB Y ranJlOUAHbuc APoXXeR npn

y ~ e n b n w ~ n n conepxannn anennna e cpene. r e ~ e w r a , 23,630-636.

4. nnbuma B.n. Koporonnn B.H. @aAcn q(1985) Bnn~nne COnepmHUR

anennHa B nn-rarenbnoh c w n e Ha v a c m n e o a n n r n o ~ e n ~ n peeepcoe y

rannonnnaa n~oacxed. Tenewra721,I643-1649.

5. nnblma B.n, Koporonyn 8.n. m n c n r(. <1987)3aencw~acrb v a c r o m

odPa30BaHHR PeBeFCOB - 3 H U TUnOB Y a Y K C O m M c no aAeHHHy

~1p0-n OT conepxanwn anennna e cpene. renemra,Z3,63'7-bre.

6. K e ~ t n c W.51 (1939) Bnnwnne rennepa-ryphl nnxe (.lo Ha ~ y r a u n o n n m

npouecc n nero-mpte coodpaxennn o npnvnnax cnonrannoro ~ y r a u n o t t

noro npouecca. Cbrnanbl AH CCB,24,388-390.

7. Keptnc W.51 (1940) O n 3 ~ o n o r n v e c ~ n e W ~ M ~ H ~ H H R e r n e r r e r a r npnrnna Myraunonnoro npouecca. Ycnexn coep. bnon., 12,143- 159.

8. K O ~ ~ ~ O A U H B.H. A6e-m~ H.O., Ljpwurorra X., Lkrannonannn H A ,

Koporonnna B.n, t i n x o ~ u e ~ o e a H., Cumnnn H.B., Oancn q.

'ienypHoH AH <1PB8) Cnonnnwtm ~ y r a r e n e s n ycnoenn r y n b w e n m

-nun rneTor. npenpnnr ~ 5 5 1 , Pl9-88-351, Ay6na.

tHanpasneno e cdopnnr: "Cw-mrenea, 3aonlo~nn. bnocuepa", Haywa).

8a. Koporonnna B.n. Konmaan HA, mDdnmrra K.A. Koporonnn R n ,

@ancn q (1988) OLleHra ernana neoHnmc ~ y r a n - m e e perncTpnpyel.edr

CnetTp peeepcoe, eunnnramqnx Y a y X c o m b M n~oacueH. Coodnpnne C+5M. Pl9-88-835, W n a .

86. K O ~ ~ ~ O A H H ~ B.n. K O ~ ~ ~ O A H H B.H, WHCU '(. (1988) M n a m a Bblsi~-

new- norycnboc n cvnpeccopnaa ~ s e p c o e npn n~rycsaunn ayxc-aa

no aAeHHHY LIp0XXMf Ha CeneKTHBHOH C p e A e . C o o b n p ~ ~ e OWM, P19-88-766. Ltybna

9. JkxSameb W E (1947) ~ ~ n ~ m r n v e c t a n (napaner m v e c r a n ) run==

MyraunonHoro npouecca. k m m n e m r p a n c r o r o -la, Flo. 8.

10-29.

K ynSIpHafl bHOnOrHR, 18,8-2"'.

11. xpome-mpucoe H.H. (1973) - B KH.: K O H @ ~ ~ ~ H ~ M F I no r e n e w r e

npul.lbwneHHHx ~u~poopraHw3mB. Ilaxra~30P. Tea. AOKnaAOB. n, Hawa, c. 35.

12. %nypHoil A.M. tiwxoea-Uenoea H. (1988) 3a~o~oMePHocw Bhmanenwn

~ H T U B Ha ceneriusnblx cpenax. r e n e m r a , 24d572-1578.

1 ? . Andreadis A. , 1-lcta ' ( . - P . . t-le,-nlc(d,>o,~ H. , bohlhal.4 b.. Bch~mrn r l F'.

r 1'784 'b , t2.5.: t I..ti.IJ~?. F'cp,-i,si; i i , t , , . q f ,r*F:l.lA l i . ,c.l= La;. l e u c l l i e a~nd p i -1-~

n1d.n.y ~ t , - t . i i t u i c- c, f t h ~ gene prrtduc! . 1. & l o 1 . Chin,., 259,8059-8062.

I '+. Lt;<l:d;i ... '..'.!.!. . 5 i l $ ~ n a t c t 1 e n l o ::.!!. . [;r.rnn q i r v 6.F'. r lL?793 B ~ ~ b r i ~ t c l e o -

come F ~ I ti-:.lc=-: i i .s i t ta~ t11;ig h i q t ~ inrtt.~ 1 I t y gi-oup p ic4te ins HMG-E and

t-II.11 LC on l g ~ i i a t e t 1ic.m t $ i d r ~ = . ! . > i p t r r~~td.1 1: .:,.:t l,,e PI-cqtein. I - luclelc

++<. pt.. ., ~:, j 5 2 ' ; 15+il.

15" LII:~, $ts~:t-sel:i t i . , l : '~+.tri,zl, \ . I . . l i O t ~ ~ - ~ v G. i l r ? 5 1 ) 2~1)- E ~ . . ~ t s t . e t i ~ ~ ~ i q d e ~

t : ~ d e ~ . . 1.11: de S ~ C I e~ F.? . !ed:I G ~ ? i ~ c . t ~ c . cLsrlsequi.l-ice5 c- f r t u c l e o t i d e

la, : :9~5i I ~ , , L < ~ , I ~ ~ , , C C . r i ~ , - , ~ , ~ , , 1.1 CSS, r,Iek.& Y C , , 1 . . p. z + ~ : , - - ~ l ~ ~ l .

1'7. l ; l us le~ 5 . . Moce.,~tsk y M., Vy@ctic.slqvc~v L. (lV'731 M u t a t i o n s as

[~r.~=+l l . tLtr iop11cat ics~- i t?,-i-cs, 5 l r l t n i t r i i d qtcswliiq uinder- c c s ~ ~ d i t i c - n s

i $ t - trsrtn!ine d r - f i c ~ e r t c y . M u t a t ~ c s \ i h'es., 19,281-293.

1,s. Flrock:. FI .D. r l':e?l Di f l e r -en i . 131 mu t & t i i - r i c a t the D - y a l a c t o s ~ d a s e

q t ' l ~e ot L~<:.~VIII IL~II? ~_c.11-. Ila.tt.=tt.i~s~~ k:-:t-';., 1 1 , l t i l ~ l D b .

19. Cair i - is J . . Uve~~baugh J., M ~ l l e r 5 . (lYBti! The c ~ r i y i n oF

. mutdrlt5. tl;rtu1-e,3:35,i.+r-i4?. . . .. c'v. i ' lav i11e1- L . . , L u x - a t 1 M., S1c~nin1sl.1 F ' . F ' . (1V.60) Sur l a conver- -

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Y O P O ~ O ~ H H B . H . r f i c . P19-89-216 K BOnpOCy 0 3aBHCfiMOCTM '4aCTOTY CnOHTaHHOrO MyTHpOBaHHR O T @YHKUHOHanbHOrO COCTORHHR reHOB

Hayqanocb cnoHTannoe MyTnpoeaHue H e ~ o ~ o p u x renos y rannonnnux UITaHMOB ~ p ~ X X e k - ~ a x a p ~ ~ ~ u e ~ o s , a y ~ c o ~ p o ~ ~ u x no aaernry n n e h q n ~ y . Ycranosneno. TO

npu YMeHbueHnn CoaepYa~uR B cpeae aaeunua (OT 500 ao 1 ~ r / n ) nnn nefiunna ~ O T 300 AO 0,3 ~ r / n ) , OaHospe~enHo c nepexoaoM O T penpeccnn K Aepenpeccnn CHCTeM ~ H O C H H T ~ ~ ~ 3THX M ~ T ~ ~ O ~ H T O B UaCTOTa MYTHPOBaHHR reHOB ade2 n , COOT-

seTcTBenH0,leuZ noeuwaeTcn Ha nonTopa - sea nopnnKa. '-!acToTa MyTHpOBaHUR reHOB-CynpeCCOpOB H3MeHReTCR nPH 3TOM OTHOCHTenbHO Mano /B HeCKOnbKO pa3/, a reHa l y s l soo6qe tie MeHneTcn. Yc~anoeneno TaKme /na npnMepe rena l eu2 / , W T O ~ ~ C T O T ~ MyTupoBannn onpenenneTcn cocTaeoM n n ~ a ~ e n b n o h cpeau BO epeMn S- maw wreroqnoro uuKna n He ~ ~ B H C H T OT y c n o ~ n f i KynbTnBnpoBannn B npencnnTeru- r e c ~ n f i nepuoa. 06cywqae~cn r n n o ~ e s a , cornacno K O T O P O ~ ~ pepenpeccnpoBannue renv M Y ~ H P Y D T 3 w a u u ~ e n b ~ o qaqe, u e ~ r e ~ u , naxoanqnecn B penpeccupoeannoM COCTORHHH.

P y K o n i l C b n0CT)'IlHna B H ~ ~ ~ T ~ ~ ? ~ C K I . I ' ? O T z e J

3 anpena I983 rcaa.

- Korogodin V.I. e t a l . P19-89-216 On t h e Dependence o f Spontaneous M u t a t i o n Rates on t h e Func t i ona l S t a t e o f Genes

Spontaneous mu ta t i on o f some genes was s t u d i e d i n h a p l o i d adenine and l euc ine auxo t roph i c yeast Saccharomyces. I t i s shown t h a t a decrease o f t h e amount o f adei-line ( f r om 500 t o 1 mg/ l ) o r l e u c i n e ( f r om 300 t o 0.3 mg/ l ) i n

bthe medium r e s u l t s , s imul taneous ly w i t h t he t r a n s i t i o n f rom rep ress ion t o derepress ion o f t he system o f b i o s y n t h e s i s o f these metabolites, i n an i n - crease i n t h e m u t a t i o n r a t e o f gene ade2 and leu2, resp., by 1.5-2 o r d e r s o f magnitude. At t he same t ime the m u t a t i o n r a t e o f suppressor genes v a r i e s r e l a t i v e l y l i t t l e (up t o 5 - f o l d ) , and t h a t o f gene l y s l does no t change a t a l l . I t i s a l s o demonstrated (on gene leu2) t h a t t he mu ta t i on r a t e i s d e t e r - mined by t h e compos i t ion o f t he n u t r i e n t medium i n t he t ime o f t he s-phase o f t he c e l l c y c l e and i t does no t depend on the c u l t i v a t i o n c o n d i t l o n s du- r i n g t h e p r e s y n t h e t i c per iod . We d i s c u s s the hypothes is t h a t derepressed genes muta te w i t h a s i g n i f i c a n t l y h i g h e r r a t e than the genes i n t he repre- ssed s t a t e .

The i n v e s t i g a t i o n has been performed a t t h e Labora tory o f Nuc lear Problems, JINR.

Repr int o f the Joint Institute f o r Nuclau Reearch. Dubm 1989