1 БАЗЫ ДАННЫХ. 2 ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQL ВЫБОРКА - SELECT SELECT [предикат] { * | таблица.* | [таблица.]поле_1 [AS псевдоним_1]

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БАЗЫ ДАННЫХБАЗЫ ДАННЫХ

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLВЫБОРКА - ВЫБОРКА - SELECTSELECT

SELECT [предикат] { * | таблица.* | [таблица.]поле_1 SELECT [предикат] { * | таблица.* | [таблица.]поле_1 [AS псевдоним_[AS псевдоним_11] [, [таблица.]поле_2 [AS псевдоним_2] [, ...]]}] [, [таблица.]поле_2 [AS псевдоним_2] [, ...]]}FROM выражение [, ...] [IN внешняяБазаДанных]FROM выражение [, ...] [IN внешняяБазаДанных][WHERE... ][WHERE... ][GROUP BY... ][GROUP BY... ][HAVING... ][HAVING... ][ORDER BY... ][ORDER BY... ][WITH OWNERACCESS OPTION][WITH OWNERACCESS OPTION]

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLПРОСТЕЙШИЙ ВАРИАНТ ПРОСТЕЙШИЙ ВАРИАНТ SELECT’SELECT’аа

SELECT column_name FROM table_nameSELECT column_name FROM table_name;;

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PersonsLastName FirstName Address City

Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes

Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 SandnesPettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger

SELECT LastName, FirstName FROM Persons;

LastName FirstNameHansen OlaSvendson TovePettersen Kari

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SELECT * FROM Persons;




LastName FirstName Address CityHansen Ola Timoteivn 10 SandnesSvendson Tove Borgvn 23 SandnesPettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLАЛИАСЫАЛИАСЫ

SELECT column AS column_alias FROM table;

SELECT column FROM table AS table_alias;

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SELECT LastName ASAS Family, FirstName ASAS Name FROM Persons;

Family NameHansen OlaSvendson TovePettersen Kari

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SELECT LastName, FirstName FROM Persons ASAS Employees

LastName FirstNameHansen OlaSvendson TovePettersen Kari

Employees

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLSELECT SELECT без повторовбез повторов

SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s) FROM table_name;

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLSELECT SELECT без повторовбез повторов

"Orders"Company OrderNumberSega 3412W3Schools 2312Trio 4678W3Schools 6798

SELECT CompanyFROM Orders;

CompanySegaW3SchoolsTrioW3Schools

SELECT DISTINCTDISTINCT Company FROM Orders; Company

SegaW3SchoolsTrio

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLSELECT SELECT с условиемс условием

SELECT column FROM table WHERE column operator value;

= Равно<> Не равно> Больше чем< Меньше чем>= Больше или равно<= Меньше или равноBETWEEN МеждуLIKE Похоже на

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SELECT * FROM Persons WHEREWHERE City='Sandnes‘;

"Persons"LastName FirstName Address City YearHansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes 1951Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes 1978Svendson Stale Kaivn 18 Sandnes 1980Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger 1960

LastName FirstName Address City YearHansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes 1951Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes 1978Svendson Stale Kaivn 18 Sandnes 1980

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SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName=''Tove'';

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName=Tove;

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE Year>1965;

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE Year>'1965';

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLSELECT SELECT с условиемс условием LIKE LIKE

SELECT column FROM table WHERE column LIKE pattern;

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Store_Informationstore_name Sales Date

LOS ANGELES $1500 Jan-05-1999

SAN DIEGO $250 Jan-07-1999

SAN FRANCISCO $300 Jan-08-1999

BOSTON $700 Jan-08-1999

SELECT * FROM Store_Information WHERE store_name LIKELIKE '%AN%%AN%‘;

store_name Sales DateLOS ANANGELES $1500 Jan-05-1999

SANAN FRANANCISCO $300 Jan-08-1999

SANAN DIEGO $250 Jan-07-1999

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SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE 'O%%';

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE '%a';

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE '%la%';

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE ‘*la*';

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE '%la__ _ _a';

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLBETWEENBETWEEN

SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2;

ЗАВИСИТ ОТ КОНКРЕТНОЙ ЗАВИСИТ ОТ КОНКРЕТНОЙ СУБД!СУБД!

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LastName FirstName Address City


Nordmann Anna Neset 18 SandnesPettersen Kari Storgt 20 StavangerSvendson Tove Borgvn 23 SandnesSELECT * FROM Persons

WHERE LastName BETWEENBETWEEN 'Hansen' ANDAND 'Pettersen';



Nordmann Anna Neset 18 Sandnes

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Nordmann Anna Neset 18 SandnesPettersen Kari Storgt 20 StavangerSvendson Tove Borgvn 23 SandnesSELECT * FROM Persons

WHERE LastName NOTNOT BETWEEN 'Hansen' AND 'Pettersen';

LastName FirstName Address CityPettersen Kari Storgt 20 StavangerSvendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLORDER BYORDER BY

OrdersCompany OrderNumberSega 3412ABC Shop 5678W3Schools 2312W3Schools 6798

SELECT Company, OrderNumberFROM Orders ORDER BYORDER BY Company;

Company OrderNumberABC Shop 5678Sega 3412W3Schools 6798W3Schools 2312

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SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders ORDER BYORDER BY Company,

OrderNumber;



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SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders ORDER BY Company DESCDESC;


Company OrderNumberW3Schools 6798W3Schools 2312Sega 3412ABC Shop 5678

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SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders ORDER BY Company DESCDESC,

OrderNumber ASCASC;

Company OrderNumberW3Schools 2312W3Schools 6798Sega 3412ABC Shop 5678


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SELECT store_name, SalesSales, Date FROM Store_Information ORDER BY 22 DESC

ПО ПО ВТОРОМУ ВТОРОМУ СТОЛБЦУСТОЛБЦУ

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLAND & OR AND & OR



Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 SandnesSvendson Stephen Kaivn 18 Sandnes

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName='Tove' ANDAND LastName='Svendson';

LastName FirstName Address CitySvendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes

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Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 SandnesSvendson Stephen Kaivn 18 Sandnes

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE firstname='Tove' OROR lastname='Svendson' ;

LastName FirstName Address CitySvendson Tove Borgvn 23 SandnesSvendson Stephen Kaivn 18 Sandnes

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Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 SandnesSvendson Stephen Kaivn 18 SandnesSELECT * FROM Persons

WHERE ((FirstName='Tove' OROR FirstName='Stephen')) ANDAND LastName='Svendson' ;

LastName FirstName Address CitySvendson Tove Borgvn 23 SandnesSvendson Stephen Kaivn 18 Sandnes

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Store_Informationstore_name Sales Date

Los Angeles $1500 Jan-05-1999 San Diego $250 Jan-07-1999 San Francisco $300 Jan-08-1999 Boston $700 Jan-08-1999

SELECT store_name FROM Store_Information WHERE Sales > 1000 OR (Sales < 500 AND Sales > 275);

store_nameLos AngelesSan Francisco

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLФУНКЦИИ ФУНКЦИИ

SELECT function(column) FROM table;

•AVG – среднее значение в столбце•COUNT – число значений в столбце•MAX – самое большое значение в столбце•MIN – самое малое значение в столбце•SUM – сумма значений по столбцу

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLAVGAVG

PersonsName Age

Hansen, Ola 34Svendson, Tove 45Pettersen, Kari 19

SELECT AVGAVG(Age) FROM Persons 32.67

SELECT AVGAVG(Age) FROM Persons WHERE Age>20 39.5

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLCOUNTCOUNT

Store_Informationstore_name Sales DateLos Angeles $1500 Jan-05-1999 San Diego $250 Jan-07-1999 Los Angeles $300 Jan-08-1999 Boston $700 Jan-08-1999

SELECT COUNTCOUNT(store_name) FROM Store_Information;

Count(store_name)

4

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLCOUNTCOUNT


SELECT COUNTCOUNT(DISTINCTDISTINCT store_name) FROM Store_Information;

Count(store_name)

3

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLMAXMAX

SELECT MAXMAX(Age) FROM Persons Persons

Name AgeHansen, Ola 34Svendson, Tove 45Pettersen, Kari 19

45

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLMINMIN

PersonsName Age

Hansen, Ola 34Svendson, Tove 45Pettersen, Kari 19

SELECT MIN(Age) FROM Persons 19

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLSUMSUM


SELECT SUMSUM(Sales) FROM Store_Information;$1500 + $250 + $300 + $700 = $2750

SUM(Sales)$2750

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Некоторые функцииНекоторые функции MS Access MS Access

Функция ОписаниеAVG(column) Returns the average value of a columnCOUNT(column) Returns the number of rows (without a NULL value) of a

columnCOUNT(*) Returns the number of selected rowsFIRST(column) Returns the value of the first record in the specified fieldLAST(column) Returns the value of the last record in the specified fieldMAX(column) Returns the highest value of a columnMIN(column) Returns the lowest value of a columnSTDEV(column) STDEVP(column)

SUM(column) Returns the total sum of a columnVAR(column) VARP(column)

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Некоторые функции MS Access Некоторые функции MS Access

Функция Описание

UCASE(c) Converts a field to upper case

LCASE(c) Converts a field to lower case

MID(c,start[,end]) Extract characters from a text field

LEN(c) Returns the length of a text field

INSTR(c) Returns the numeric position of a named character within a text field

LEFT(c,number_of_char) Return the left part of a text field requested

RIGHT(c,number_of_char) Return the right part of a text field requested

ROUND(c,decimals) Rounds a numeric field to the number of decimals specified

MOD(x,y) Returns the remainder of a division operation

NOW() Returns the current system date

FORMAT(c,format) Changes the way a field is displayed

DATEDIFF(d,date1,date2) Used to perform date calculations

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Некоторые функции Некоторые функции MSMS SQL Server SQL Server

Функция ОписаниеAVG(column) Returns the average value of a column

BINARY_CHECKSUM

CHECKSUM

CHECKSUM_AGG

COUNT(column) Returns the number of rows (without a NULL value) of a column

COUNT(*) Returns the number of selected rows

COUNT(DISTINCT column) Returns the number of distinct results

FIRST(column) Returns the value of the first record in the specified field(not supported in SQLServer2K)

LAST(column) Returns the value of the last record in the specified field(not supported in SQLServer2K)

MAX(column) Returns the highest value of a column

MIN(column) Returns the lowest value of a column

STDEV(column)

STDEVP(column)

SUM(column) Returns the total sum of a column

VAR(column)

VARP(column)

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ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQLSQLSELECT INSELECT IN

SELECT column_name FROM table_nameWHERE column_name IN (value1,value2,..);

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE LastName ININ ('Hansen','Pettersen');



Nordmann Anna Neset 18 Sandnes

Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger

Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 SandnesLastName FirstName Address City


Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger

Documents

1 БАЗЫ ДАННЫХ. 2 ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ SQL ВЫБОРКА - SELECT SELECT [предикат] { * | таблица.* | [таблица.]поле_1 [AS псевдоним_1]