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Environmental Issues and Energy

-- for sustainable development

United Nations University

Itaru YASUI

http://www.yasuienv.net/本日の発表資料が必要でしたら、アクセスして下さい。

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UNU Mission & Roles "to contribute, through research and

capacity building, to efforts to resolve the pressing global problems that are the concern of the United Nations, its Peoples and Member States"

An international community of scholars A bridge between the United Nations and

the international academic community A think-tank for the United Nations

system A builder of capacities, particularly in

developing countries

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YlabCREST ESD Programs

UNU’s Environment and sustainable Development (ESD) Programme focuses on the interactions between human activities and the natural environment, and their implications for sustainable human development.

Based on an appraisal of current challenges and the targets set forth by the global community through the WSSD and Action Plan, etc., ESD has defined four broad thematic areas to concentrate future research as Sustainable Urbanization Management of Fragile Ecosystems Solutions to Water Crises Environmental Governance and Information Programme Development based on Holistic View of En

vironmental Transitions

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WSSD Plan of Implementation

Poverty eradication Changing unsustainable patterns of consumpti

on and production Protection and managing the natural resource

base of economic and social development Sustainable development in a globalizing worl

d Health and sustainable development

in Johannesburg 2002

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Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production

All countries should promote sustainable consumption and production patterns, with the developed countries taking the lead……

Encourage and promote the development of a 10 -year framework of programmes…….

Develop production and consumption policies to improve the products and services provided, while reducing environmental and health impacts, using, where appropriate, science-based approaches, such as life-cycle analysis…..

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Enhance corporate environmental and social responsibility and accountability…….

Prevent and minimize waste and maximize reuse, recycling and use of environmentally friendly alternative materials…….

Promote an integrated approach to policy -making at the national, regional and local levels for transport services and systems……

Sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and of hazardous wastes……..

Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production

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Definition of “Sustainability” Two Kinds of Definition

Corporate Social Responsibility Type UN Brundtland Type

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YlabCREST Sustainability

Triple Bottom Line

Environmental Aspects

SocialAspects

EconomicAspects

Start Point

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YlabCREST Transition from Non Sustainable to

Sustainable

Environmental Aspects

SocialAspects

EconomicAspects

Environmental Aspects

SocialAspects

EconomicAspects

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"Sustainable Development is Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is not a fixed state of harmony, but rather a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development, and institutional change are made consistent with future as well as present needs." (Brundtland Report 1987)

Brundtland Type

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Fairness&　 Justice

Green & Sustainability; Different Views

Human Equity

EconomicAspects

SocialAspects Resource

Consumption

EcologicalImpact

ResourceFactor

Eco-SystemFactor

Limitationof Earth

Human HealthOvercome

Poverty

Case for Japan

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YlabCRESTFossil Fuel to Renewable

Energy Biomass Solar Heat Energy Solar Cells Wind Sea Wave Power Generation by Temperature

Difference ーーーーーーーーーー Geothermal

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UNU Activities for Energy Geothermal at UNU/GTP

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Key Issue:Increase Energy Efficiencies/Decoupling

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YlabCREST Transformation of

Environmental Issues Environmental Issues change very

quickly in all countries and on the Earth What kind of Explanation for the

Changes? Developed Countries：Which Direction

to move? Developing Countries：What is the

interpretation? How is it possible to apply to own countries?

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1970 　　　　　　　　　　　 2000 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2050

Dioxin & POPs

Air Pollution

Water & Sea Pollution

Resource & Energy Consumption

Soil & Sediment Pollution

Depletion of Ozone Layer

Environmental Problems and Time Constants in Japan

Global Warming

EDC Problem

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GDP per capita 　ｖｓ．　 SOx Concentration

Environmental Kuznets Curve after Prof. SIMON KUZNETS

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YlabCREST CO2 Emission Efficiency to GDP

China Malaysia USA UKGermany

JapanCambodia

SwitzerlandData based on CO2 Emission in 1996 and GDP/person in 1997

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Factors Temp. Size

CO2 Emission/person vs. log GDP/capita

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En

viro

nm

en

t Lo

ad

Economical Scale, such as GDP

A Trend Model for Environment Load in Japan

Pollution, General

Now

TargetEnergy Consumption, CO2 Emission

ValueValue

1970

Japanese Model

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1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080

Total CO2 Emission(Global)

JAPAN

Now

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Quan

tity

Development

Decoupling and Stage of Development

Material/Energy

Carbon Dioxide

Destructive Use Ecosystem:stage 2

Casualties by Natural DisasterDamage

By Pollution1

2

3

4Thematic Area

Destructive Use Ecosystem:stage 1

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Quan

tity

Development

Decoupling and Stage of Development

1

Thematic Area　 1

SpaceBio-Resource

Resource/EnergyWater

EcosystemHuman

Stable SocietyIncentive/EffortOptimum Tech

Destructive Use Ecosystem:stage 1 Education

InformationCapacity Building

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Quan

tity

Development

Decoupling and Stage of Development

Casualties by Natural DisasterDamage

By Pollution

2

ResourceEnergyWater

TechnologyLegal Framework

Social Stock

Thematic Area　 2

EducationInformation

Technology TransferCapacity Building

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Quan

tity

Development

Decoupling and Stage of Development

Destructive Use Ecosystem:Stage 2

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ScienceLegal Framework Value Judgment

EducationInformation

Thematic Area　 3

Energy

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Quan

tity

Development

Decoupling and Stage of Development

Material/Energy

Carbon Dioxide

4

EducationInformation

Life StyleForesight

IntelligenceTax/Incentives

High TechCraftsmanship

Tradition

Thematic Area　 4

?

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Quan

tity

Development

Decoupling and Stage of Development

Material/Energy

Carbon Dioxide

Destructive Use Ecosystem:Stage 2

Casualties by Natural DisasterDamage

By Pollution1

2

3

4Thematic Area

Destructive Use Ecosystem:stage 1

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GDP vs. Life Expectancy

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YlabCREST GDP vs. Life Expectancy

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Studies in the Future @UNU Keywords

Environment and Development Dissemination & Eco-Restructuring Risks and MF&EC in Developing Countries Economics and MF&EC in Developing and

Developed Countries　 Risk Reduction & Economic Growth Timeline Analysis

MF&EC:Material Flow & Energy Consumption (including “Stock” or “Infrastructures” )

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Risk Reduction Economy Growth

MF&EC:Material Flow & Energy Consumption (including “Stock” or “Infrastructures” )

Risk Reduction Economy Growth

MF&EC:Material Flow & Energy Consumption (including “Stock” or “Infrastructures” )

TimeLine Analysis

Risk Reduction Economy Growth

MF&EC:Material Flow & Energy Consumption (including “Stock” or “Infrastructures” )

Risk Reduction Economy Growth

MF&EC:Material Flow & Energy Consumption (including “Stock” or “Infrastructures” )

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YlabCREST A Scenario for Oil

Production

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YlabCREST Newly Found and

Production of Oil

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Long Term Trend of Oil Consumption

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CO2 Emission/person vs. log GDP/capita

World Ave.

Target Area

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WSSD Plan of Implementation

Poverty eradication Changing unsustainable patterns of consumpti

on and production Protection and managing the natural resource

base of economic and social development Sustainable development in a globalizing worl

d Health and sustainable development

in Johannesburg 2002