1 g Aa¨ vq wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm.wKD.Gj wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ … · 1 g Aa¨ 1 vq wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm.wKD.Gj wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm.wKD.Gj †gvt wgRvbyi ingvb

1

1 g Aa¨vq wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm.wKD.Gj

wc.GBP.wc

A¨vÛ

gvB Gm.wKD.Gj

†gvt wgRvbyi ingvb

2


wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm wKD Gj

†jLK : †gvt wgRvbyi ingvb

¯^Z¡ : †jLK

cÖKvkK : kixd nvmvb Zid`vi

Ávb‡Kvl cÖKvkbx,

38/2-K, evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100|

†dvb- 7118443, 8623251, 8112441

cÖKvkKvj :

†mwUs I †gKvc :

cÖ‛Q` :

K‡¤úvR : Kw¤úDUvi wjU¨v‡iwm nvDm

gy`ªY : †bvfv †cÖm GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ

15/we, wgicyi †ivW XvKv-1205|

†dvb t 9667919

ISBN : 978-984-8933-05-7

g~j¨ : ** UvKv gvÎ

3


DrmM©

Av¤§y wg‡mm mvwdqv †eMg

Ges

AveŸy †gvt knx`Dj¨v cv‡Uvqvix|

4


K…ZÁZv

†gvt Ry‡qj ivbv

wc.GBP.wc †cÖvMÖvgvi (mvD_ Gwkqvb AvBwmwU)

iwdKzj Bmjvg

wc.GBP.wc †cÖvMÖvgvi

abëv` t

1. †gvt kwid †nv‡mb (wknve), I‡qe cÖ‡dkbvj (mvD_ Gwkqvb AvBwmwU)

2. mvjgvb Rybv‡q`, I‡qe cÖ‡dkbvj (mvD_ Gwkqvb AvBwmwU)

3. Bgivb †nv‡mb, I‡qe cÖ‡dkbvj (mvD_ Gwkqvb AvBwmwU)

5


GB eBwUi mv‡_ wd« hv i‡q‡Q :

wd« wmwW

1. eBwUi mv‡_ GKwU wd« wmwW Av‡Q|

2. eB‡q eëüZ mKj †KvWmg~n D³ wmwW‡Z †`qv Av‡Q|

3. eB‡q eëüZ mKj cÖ‡R±mg~n D³ wmwW‡Z †`qv Av‡Q|

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mdUIq¨vi mg~n Avcbviv wmwW‡Z cv‡eb|

6


cwi‡ekK/cÖvwß ’vb

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f~wgKv

GKUz Mfxifv‡e wPš—v K‡i †`Lyb †Zv, B›Uvi‡b‡Ui c~‡e© Avgv‡ì Rxeb Kx mwZ¨B mnR wQj ?

A_P GB B›Uvi‡bU Avwef©v‡ei ì‚Y Avgv‡ì •`bw›`b Rxeb Z_v †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v, †jLvcov,

we‡bv`b, †Kbv-KvUv BZ¨vw` me wKQzB n‡q D‡V‡Q mnR †_‡K mn‡RvËi| gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨B B›Uvi‡bU

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nw‛Q| ïi‚i w`‡K GB I‡qemvBU¸‡jv †KejgvÎ wKQz WKz‡g›U aviY KiZ| A_P, w`b e`‡ji

mv‡_ mv‡_ GKw`‡K †hgb-I‡qemvBU •Zwii cwigvY e„w× cv‡‛Q, †mBmv‡_ wewfbœ ai‡Yi †cÖvMÖvwgs

j¨vs¸‡qR eënvi K‡i gvbm¤§Z Ges DbœZ Z_v WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU •Zwii Pvwn`vI evo‡Q|

Avi wc.GBP.wc n‡‛Q GKwU kw³kvjx mvf©vi-mvBW w¯¿wÞs j¨vs¸‡qR, hv w`‡q Lye mn‡RB

WvBbvwgK †Kvb I‡qemvBU •Zwi Kiv m¤¢e| Ab¨vb¨ †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR-Gi Zzjbvq kw³kvjx,

mn‡R †evaMg¨ Ges I‡cb †mvm© nIqvq Gi RbwcÖqZvI Zz‡½| ZvQvov GwU cÖvq mKj ai‡Yi

Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g (DB‡ÛvR, wjbv·, BDwb· BZ¨vw`) KvR K‡i Ges wewfbœ cÖKvi †WUv‡eR (gvB

Gm.wKD.Gj, IivKj, Bb‡dviwg·, mvB‡em, mwjW BZ¨vw`) mv‡cvU© K‡i Ges cÖvq mKj ai‡Yi

mvf©v‡ii (GcvwP,AvB.AvB.Gm BZ¨vw`) mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| we‡k¦i †ewkifvM WvBbvwgK

I‡qemvBU¸‡jv wc.GBP.wc †Z •Zwi Kiv Ges DcwiD³ myweavmg~‡ni Rb¨ I‡qe †W‡fjcvi‡ì

Kv‡Q Gi Pvwn`v µgvMZ e„w× cv‡‛Q| Ab¨w`‡K †WUv‡eR wn‡m‡e wc.GBP.wc-Gi mv‡_ gvB

Gm.wKD.Gj me©vwaK eëüZ| †WUv‡eR n‡‛Q g~jZ wKQz †cÖvMÖvg Gi mgš‡q MwVZ

mdUIq¨vi/A¨vwc‡Kkb, †hLv‡b Z_¨mg~n (†U·U, B‡gR, wfwWI BZ¨vw`) msMÖn K‡i ivLv hvq|

Avi GB Z_¨mg~n cwiPvjbv (Z_¨mg~‡n cÖ‡ek, bZzb Z_¨ ms‡hvRb, †Kvb Z_¨ gy‡Q †djv BZ¨vw`)

Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb n‡e †Kvb GKwU †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷gm (DBMS) Gi|

Avgiv Avgv‡ì eB‡Z †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷gm (DBMS) wn‡m‡e gvB Gm.wKD.Gj

eënvi K‡i †`Lve| DbœZ me wdPvi Ges Ackb mg„× gvB Gm.wKD.Gj (DBMS) Ab¨vb¨ me

†WUv‡eR mdUIq¨vi †_‡K `ª‚Z, eënv‡i mnR Ges I‡cb †mvm© nIqvi Kvi‡Y I‡qe

†W‡fjcviiv †WUv‡eR wn‡m‡e gvB Gm.wKD.Gj †KB cÖvavb¨ w`‡q _v‡Kb| GwU cÖvq mKj ai‡Yi

Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g eënvi‡hvM¨| wc.GBP.wc Ges gvB Gm.wKD.Gj GLb c¨v‡KR mdUIq¨vi

AvKv‡i cvIqv hvq|

8


†jL‡Ki K_v

gnvb Avjvn& ZvÕAvjvi A‡kl ïKwiqv, evsjv‡`‡k gvZ…fvlvq ÔÔwc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ

gvB Gm.wKD.GjÕÕ eBwU cvVK‡ì nv‡Z Zz‡j †èvi Rb¨| †`‡ki AMwYZ cvVK‡ì

Pvwn`v Avi Aby‡ivaB Avgv‡K GB eBwU †jLvi Aby‡cÖiYv hywM‡q‡Q|

eZ©gvb DbœZ we‡k¦i mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pjv, wKsev wb‡Ri GKwU Ae¯’vb •Zwi Kivi Rb¨ gvbyl AvR

†h †Kvb GKwU wel‡qi Dci `¶ n‡‛Qb| G‡¶‡Î Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvwgs‡K †cQ‡b †djvi †Kvb

my‡hvMB †bB| gvby‡qi wbZ¨-bZzb Pvwn`v, wKsev wewfbœ mgm¨v mgvav‡b wewfbœ †W¯‹Uc wKsev I‡qe

A¨vwc‡Kkb •Zwi‡Z †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi eënvi Ab¯^xKvh©| DbœZ we‡k¦i gvbyliv †Zv GLb Zv‡ì

•`bw›`b KvR-Kg©, wKsev Pvwn`v me B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡gB c~iY Ki‡Qb| cÖwZw`b Zviv Zv‡ì

Pvwn`v c~i‡Y wfwRU Ki‡Qb wewfbœ ai‡Yi I‡qemvBU| wfwRUi‡ì GmKj Pvwn`v c~i‡Y •Zwi

n‡‛Q bvbv ai‡Yi I‡qemvBU| DbœZ †_‡K Dbœ‡ZvËi †mev cÖ`v‡bi j‡¶¨ cvjv w`‡q evo‡Q

gvbm¤§Z WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU •Zwii nviI| †h¸‡jv •Zwi‡Z eëüZ n‡‛Q wewfbœ ai‡Yi

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w¯ŒwÞs j¨vs¸‡qR), hv eënvi K‡i Lye mn‡RB †h †Kvb ai‡Yi WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU •Zwi Kiv

m¤¢e| †h‡nZz, w`b w`b I‡qemvBU •Zwi Z_v I‡qe †W‡fjwcs-Gi Pvwn`v e„w× cv‡‛Q, †m‡nZz ejv

hvq, GKRb I‡qe †W‡fjcvi n‡q wbR Kg©ms¯’v‡bi GK Avkvc~Y© w`K D‡b¥vPb Kiv m¤¢e|

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†W‡fjcvi cv‡‛Qb bv| ZvQvov, GLb †Zv gvbyl PvKzwii Rb¨ Avi kn‡i kn‡i Ny‡i †eov‡‛Qb bv|

B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Kj¨v‡b AvR Zviv N‡i e‡mB cÖPzi cwigv‡Y A_© DcvR©b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡‛Q| Zviv

AvR B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡gB Zv‡ì Kg©ms¯’v‡bi c_ cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Q| wKš‘, †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi bvg

ïb‡jB A‡b‡Ki g‡b f‡qi mÂvi nq-Avm‡j KZB bv KwVb!! A_P gvby‡li KwVb KvR¸‡jv‡K

mnR Kivi R‡b¨B GB †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi eënvi| ZvB Avwg Avgvi GB eBwU‡K Ggbfv‡e Dc¯’vcb

Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ, †hb Zv mK‡ji wbKU mn‡R †evaMg¨ nq| wc.GBP.wc B n‡e Avcbvi Rxe‡bi

cÖ_g †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR-†hwU wkLvi ci Avcwb Ab¨vb¨ †c ªvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qRmg~n †hgb-wm,

wm++, i‚we, cvj©, cvB_b, WU †bU BZ¨vw` mn‡R AvqË Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †cÖvMÖvwgs‡K mK‡ji wbKU

Db¥y³ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨B Avgvi GB ¶z`ª cÖqvm| ZvB, Ab¨vb¨ j¨vs¸‡qR wkLvi c~‡e© GB eBwU c‡o

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Avwg-

†gvt wgRvbyi ingvb

facebook.com/bookbd

facebook.com/mijanurrahmanbd

9


www.bookbd.info

[email protected]

m~wPcÎ

gwWDj 1: wc.GBP.wc (PHP)

Aa¨vq c„ôv

Aa¨vq-1 t wc.GBP.wc (PHP) : 1.1: wc.GBP.wc wK? ..................................................................................10

1.2: PHP j¨vs¸‡qR wKfv‡e KvR K‡i? ........................................................10

1.3: K¨vwiqvi wn‡m‡e PHP j¨vs¸‡qR ..........................................................10 1.4: wc.GBP.wc j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri myweav ..............................................................10

1.5: j¨v¤ú (LAMP) …………………………………………………..........................10

Aa¨vq-2 t wc.GBP.wc Gbfvqib‡g›U : 2.1 wc.GBP.wc‡Z †MÖvMÖvg ivb Kiv‡bv ............................................................10

Aa¨vq-3 t †ewmK wc.GBP.wc :

3.1 : wc.GBP.wc dvBj •Zwi .......................................................................10

3.2 : cÖ_g wc.GBP.wc dvBj .......................................................................10 3.3 : B‡¤‡WW wc.GBP.wc dvBj ..................................................................10 3.4 : wc.GBP.wc GBP.wU.Gg.Gj †KvW .........................................................10

Aa¨vq-4 t Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qejm A¨vÛ †WUv UvBcm :

4.1 : f¨vwi‡qej (Variable) .....................................................................10

4.2 : f¨vwi‡qej (Variable) Declare Kivi wbqg ........................................10

4.3 : PHP f¨vwi‡qej (Variable) Declare …………………..........................10

4.4 : f¨vwi‡qej (Variable), f¨vwjD (Value) Ges AvDUcyU (Output) ..........10

4.5 : wc.GBP.wc †WUv UvBcm (PHP Data Types) .......................................10

4.6 : K¨v‡i±vi †mU (Character Sets) .......................................................10

4.7 : f¨vwi‡qej G f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb (Assign) Kiv .........................................10

4.8 : Kx-IqvW© (Keywords) ....................................................................10

10


4.9 : Kb÷¨v›U (Constants) .....................................................................10

4.10 : K‡g›U (Comments) ....................................................................10

Aa¨vq-5 t Acv‡iUim A¨vÛ G·‡cÖkbm :

5.1 : Acv‡iUi (Operator) ......................................................................10

5.2 : G·‡cÖkbm (Expression) ................................................................10

5.3 : A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUim (Arithmetic Operators) ...............................10

5.4 : A¨vmvBb‡g›U Acv‡iUim (Assignment Operators)..............................10

5.5 : Kgc¨vwiRb Acv‡iUim (Comparison Operators) ..............................10

5.6 : jwRK¨vj Acv‡iUim (Logical Operators) .........................................10

Aa¨vq-6 t wWwmkb †gwKs (Decision Making) :

6.1: KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›Um (Conditional Statements) .................................10 6.2: KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›U mg~n .....................................................................10

6.3: Bd †÷Ug¨v›U (If Statement) ............................................................10 6.4: gvwëcj Bd †÷Ug¨v›U ( Multiple If Statement) .................................10

6.5: †b‡÷W Bd (Nested If) ....................................................................10

6.6: Bd....Gjm (If....Else) .....................................................................10

6.7: Bd....Gjm Bd....Gjm (If....ElseIf....If) ………………...........................10

6.8: mywqP (Switch) ………………...............................................................10

Aa¨vq-7 t jywcs A¨vÛ wWwmkb †gwKs :

7.1: jyc (Loop) .....................................................................................10

7.2: jy‡ci cÖKvi‡f` ................................................................................10

7.3: di jyc (For Loop) .........................................................................10 7.4: †nvqvBj jyc (While Loop) ..............................................................10

7.5: Wy-†nvqvBj j yc (Do…..While) .........................................................10

7.6: di BP (Foreach) ...........................................................................10

Aa¨vq-8 t †eªK, KbwUwbD, w÷ªs A¨vÛ KbK¨v‡U‡bBkb :

8.1: †eªK (Break) wK?

.............................................................................10

8.2 Break-Gi wmbU¨v· (Syntax) ............................................................10

8.3 Break-Gi D`vniY ............................................................................10

8.4: KbwUwbD (Continue) .......................................................................10

11


8.5: Continue Gi syntax …………………………….......................................10

8.6: Continue †÷Ug¨v›U Gi D`vniY..........................................................10

8.7: w÷ªs (String) ..................................................................................10

8.8: KbK¨v‡U‡bBkb (Concatenation) ......................................................10

Aa¨vq-9 dvskb t (Functions) : 9.1: dvskb (Function) wK? .....................................................................10

9.2: dvskb (Function) wjLvi wbqg ..........................................................10

9.3: dvskb (Function) Gi wmbU¨v· (Syntax) ...........................................10 9.4: Kwjs dvskb (Calling Function).......................................................10

9.5: dvskb (Function) Gi D`vniY..........................................................10

Aa¨vq-10 A¨v‡i t (Arrays) : 10.1: A¨v‡i (Array) wK? .........................................................................10

10.2: Array ÷ªvKPvi (Structure) ............................................................10

10.3: A¨v‡i (Array) Gi cÖKvi‡f` ............................................................10

10.4: wbD‡gwiK A¨v‡i (Neomeric Arrays) …………………...........................10

10.5: A¨v‡mvwm‡qwUf A¨v‡i (Associative Arrays) ……………........................10

10.6: gvwë-WvB‡gbkbvj A¨v‡i (Multidimensional Arrays) .....................10

Aa¨vq-11 t wc.GBP.wc Date dvskb I †mkb :

11.1: wc.GBP.wc Date() dvskb .................................................................10

11.2: wc.GBP.wc †mkb wK? ........................................................................10

11.3: wc.GBP.wc †mkb ïi‚ Kivi wbqg .........................................................10

11.4: †mkb †kl Kiv.................................................................................10

Aa¨vq-12 t wc.GBP.wc dg© (BDRvi BbcyU) :

12.1: wc.GBP.wc dg© (Form) wK? ..............................................................10

12.2: $_GET f¨vwi‡qej .........................................................................10

12.3: $_POST f¨vwi‡qej ......................................................................10

12.4: $_GET f¨vwi‡qej eënvi K‡i †cÖvM ªvg †jLv .......................................10 12.5: $_POST f¨vwi‡qej eënvi K‡i †cÖvMÖvg ‡jLv .....................................10

12.6: †PKe· (Checkbox) ......................................................................10

12.7: †iwWI evUb (Radio Button) ...........................................................10

12


12.8: Wªc WvDb wj÷ A_ev Wªc WvDb †gby¨.....................................................10

12.9: †U·U e·, †iwWI evUb, †PKe· Ges Wªc WvDb †gby¨ w`‡q GKwU m¤ú~Y© cÖ‡R±...............10

12.10: B-†gBj (E-mail) ........................................................................10

12.11 B‡gR Avc‡jvW (Image Upload) ....................................................10

gwWDj 2 t gvB Gm.wKD.Gj. (MySQL)

Aa¨vq-13 gvB Gm.wKD.Gj. cÖv_wgK :

Aa¨vq-14 MySQL †K DB‡Ûv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ ‘ZKiY :

14.1: MySQL Bb÷‡jk‡bi wewfbœ ch©vqmg~n ................................................10

Aa¨vq-15 t MySQL wb‡q KvR Kiv :

15.1: MySQL Gi WvB‡i±wi ÷ªvKPvi m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv ...........................10

15.1.1: MySQL dvBj †÷v‡iR (File Storage) ...................................10

15.1.2: †WUv WvB‡i±wi (Data Directory) .............................................10

15.1.3: mysql †WUv‡eR (Database) ...................................................10

15.1.4: MÖv›U †Uwejm (Grant Tables) ...................................................10

15.1.5: BDRvi †Uwej (User Table) ....................................................10

15.1.6: wWwe †Uwej (DB Table) ..........................................................10

15.2 MySQL Gi †cÖvMÖvgmg~n eënvi Kiv ...................................................10

Aa¨vq-16 t XAMPP Gi gva¨‡g MySQL †K DB‡Ûv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ ‘ZKiY

16.1: XAMPP Bb÷‡jk‡bi wewfbœ ch©vqmg~n...............................................10

Aa¨vq-17 t XAMPP cwiwPwZ :

17.1: XAMPP †K cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv cwiPvjbv Kiv .........................................10

17.2: phpMyAdmin Gi gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z Kvh©mg~n ......................................10

Aa¨vq-18 t †WUv‡eR, †Uwej Ges Bb‡W·mg~‡ni eë ’vcbv :

18.1: †WUv‡eR eë¯’vcbv............................................................................10

18.1.1: phpMyAdmin Gi gva¨‡g †WUv‡eR •Zwi Ges gy‡Q †djv ............10

18.2: †Uwej eë¯’vcbv...............................................................................10

18.2.1: †Uwej •Zwi Kiv ....................................................................10

13


18.2.2: †Uwej gy‡Q †djv ...................................................................10

18.2.3: †Uwe‡ji cwieZ©b mvab Kiv .....................................................10

18.2.4: †Uwe‡ji ÷ªvKPvi †`Lv Ges wcÖ›U †bqv ........................................10

18.3: Bb‡W· eë¯’vcbv ............................................................................10

18.3.1: Bb‡W· UvBc .......................................................................10

18.3.2: Bb‡W· •Zwi Kiv ..................................................................10

18.3.2.1: †Uwej •Zwi Kivi mgq Bb‡W· •Zwi

Kiv......................10

18.3.2.2: eZ©gvb †Uwe‡j Bb‡W· mshy³ Kiv .............................10

18.4: Bb‡W· AcmviY Kiv

........................................................................10

Aa¨vq-19 t †Uwe‡j †WUv eë ’vcbv : 19.1: †Uwe‡j †WUv BbmvU© Kiv.....................................................................10

19.2: †Uwe‡ji †WUv eªvDR Kiv....................................................................10

19.3: †Uwe‡ji †WUv m¤úv`bv Kiv................................................................10

19.4: †Uwe‡ji †WUv BbjvBb m¤úv`bv Kiv.....................................................10

19.5: †Uwe‡ji †WUv Kwc Kiv......................................................................10

19.6: †Uwe‡ji †WUv gy‡Q †djv.....................................................................10

19.7: †Uwe‡ji †WUv¸‡jv‡K wewfbœfv‡e cÖ`k©b Kiv............................................10

19.8: w¯Œ‡b cÖ`wk©Z †iv Gi msL¨v wba©vib Kiv.................................................10

Aa¨vq-20 t SQL Tab Gi gva¨‡g †WUv‡eR eë ’vcbv:

20.1: SQL Tab Gi gva¨‡g †h mg¯ — KvR Kiv hvq.........................................10

20.2: †WUv‡eR eë¯’vcbv ..........................................................................10

20.2.1: †WUv‡eR •Zwi Kiv...............................................................10

20.2.2: †WUv‡eR gy‡Q †djv .............................................................10

20.2.3: †WUv‡eR eënv‡ii Rb¨ wbe©vPb Kiv ........................................10

20.3: †Uwej eë¯’vcbv...............................................................................10

20.3.1: †Uwej •Zwi Kiv..................................................................10

20.3.2: †Uwe‡ji †Kvb Dcv`vb cwieZ©b Kiv.........................................10

20.3.3: †Uwe‡j bZzb Kjvg hy³ Kiv...................................................10

20.3.4: †Uwe‡ji Kjvg gy‡Q

†djv.......................................................10

14


20.3.5: †Uwe‡ji †Kvb Kjvg cwieZ©b Kiv...........................................10

20.3.6: †Uwe‡ji bvg cwieZ©b Kiv ....................................................10

20.3.7: †Uwej gy‡Q †djv ................................................................10

20.3.8: †Uwej‡K Z_¨ k~b¨ K‡i †djv ................................................10

20.3.9: Bb‡W· Acmvib Kiv ..........................................................10

20.4: †WUv g¨vwbcy‡jkb ............................................................................10

20.4.1: †iKW© BbmvU© Kiv ...............................................................10

20.4.2: †iKW© Avc‡WU Kiv..............................................................10

20.4.3: †iKW© gy‡Q †djv .................................................................10

20.5: †WUv cybi‚×vi..................................................................................10

20.5.1: mKj Kjvgmn †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Kiv ...................................10

20.5.2: wbe©vwPZ Kjvgmn †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Kiv................................10

20.5.3: wbe©vwPZ Kjvgmn †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Kiv (cÖ_g 12wU) ..............10

20.5.4: kZ©mv‡c‡¶ †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Kiv ......................................10

20.5.5: †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ cÖ`k©‡bi mgq µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡bv .........................10

20.5.6: Abyi‚c Z_¨ ev` w`‡q Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Kiv......................................10

20.5.7: mgwóMZfv‡e †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Kiv ....................................10

20.5.8: `yBwU †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ mshy³ AvKv‡i cÖ`k©b Kiv

............................10

20.5.8.1: Union Gi mvnv‡h¨ ...............................................10

20.5.8.2: All/Any Gi mvnv‡h¨.............................................10

20.5.8.3: IN Gi mvnv‡h¨.....................................................10

20.5.8.4: Qualifiers/Aliases Gi mvnv‡h¨.............................10

20.5.8.5: Sub Queries-Gi mvnv‡h¨......................................10

20.5.8.6: Correlated Sub Queries-Gi mvnv‡h¨....................10

20.5.8.7: Comparison using Row Sub Queries Gi mvnv‡h¨...............10

20.5.8.8: INNER JOIN-Gi mvnv‡h¨ ..................................10

20.5.8.9: LEFT JOIN-Gi mvnv‡h¨......................................10

20.5.8.10: RIGHT JOIN Gi mvnv‡h¨..................................10

Aa¨vq-21 t MySQL n‡Z Ab¨ †Kvb gva¨‡g †WUv G·‡cvU© Kiv :

21.1: Export Tab Gi eënvi...................................................................10

Aa¨vq-22 t XAMPP-Gi Ab¨vb¨ Tab ¸‡jvi cwiwPwZ :

15


22.1: SQL Tab-Gi eënvi......................................................................10

22.2: Search Tab-Gi eënvi...................................................................10

22.3: Processes Tab-Gi eënv................................................................10

22.4: Charsets Tab-Gi eënvi................................................................10

22.5: Engines Tab-Gi eënvi.................................................................10

22.6: Privileges Tab Gi eënvi..............................................................10

22.6.1: Global Privileges...........................................................10

22.6.2: Database-Specific Privileges.........................................10

22.6.3: Password for Privileges.................................................10

22.6.4: Change Login Information / Copy User.......................10

22.6.5: Add a New User............................................................10

22.7 More Tab-Gi eënvi......................................................................10

22.7.1: Synchronize...................................................................10

22.7.2: Settings..........................................................................10

22.7.2.1: Manage Your Settings......................................10

22.7.2.2: Features............................................................10

22.7.2.2.1: General................................................10

22.7.2.2.2: Text fields...........................................10

22.7.2.2.3: Page titles............................................10

22.7.2.2.4: Warnings.............................................10

22.7.2.3: SQL Queries....................................................10

22.7.2.3.1: SQL queries........................................10

22.7.2.3.2: SQL Query box...................................10

22.7.2.4: Navigation frame.............................................10

22.7.2.4.1: Navigation frame................................10

22.7.2.4.2: Databases............................................10

22.7.2.4.3: Tables.................................................10

22.7.2.5: Main Frame......................................................10

22.7.2.5.1: Startup.................................................10

22.7.2.5.2: Browse mode......................................10

22.7.2.5.3: Edit mode............................................10

22.7.2.5.4: Tabs....................................................10

16


22.7.2.6: Import...............................................................10

22.7.2.6.1: Import defaults....................................10

22.7.2.6.2: SQL.....................................................10

22.7.2.6.3: CSV....................................................10

22.7.2.6.4: Open Document .................................10

22.7.2.7: Export..............................................................10

22.7.2.7.1: Export defaults....................................10

22.7.2.7.2: SQL.....................................................10

22.7.2.7.3: CodeGen.............................................10

22.7.2.7.4: CSV....................................................10

22.7.2.7.5: LateX..................................................10

22.7.2.7.6: Microsoft Office.................................10

22.7.2.7.7: Open Document..................................10

22.7.2.7.8: Texy! text ...........................................10

Aa¨vq-23 t MySQL wi‡jkbvj †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g :

23.1:†WUv‡e‡Rm Ges †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g..........................................10

23.1.1: †WUv‡e‡Rm ........................................................................10

23.1.1.1: †WUv‡eR wK ?........................................................10

23.1.1.2: †WUv‡e‡Ri g‡Wjmg~n..............................................10

23.1.1.2.1: Hierarchical g‡Wj.................................10

23.1.1.2.2: Network g‡Wj......................................10

23.1.1.2.3: Relational g‡Wj....................................10

23.1.2: †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷gm................................................10

23.1.3: GKwU wi‡jkbvj †WUv‡eR •Zwi Kiv.........................................10

23.1.3.1: †WUv bigvjvB‡Rkb................................................10

23.1.3.1.1: cÖ_g bigvj dig.........................................10

23.1.3.1.2: wØZxq bigvj dig.......................................10

23.1.3.1.3: Z…Zxq bigvj dig.......................................10

23.1.3.2: wi‡jkbwkc...........................................................10

23.1.3.2.1: Iqvb-Uz-Iqvb wi‡jkbwkc..............................10

23.1.3.2.2: Iqvb-Uz-†gwb wi‡jkbwkc...............................10

23.1.3.2.3: †gwb-Uz-†gwb wi‡jkbwkc...............................10

17


gwWDj 3 t wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm.wKD.Gj cÖ‡R±

Aa¨vq-24 cÖ‡R± 1 t BDRvi BbcyU Gi wewfbœ Ackb Gi

eënvi (all inputs/insert,update,delete) :.............................................10

.

Aa¨vq-25 cÖ‡R± 2 t textarea Gi eënvi : ...............................................10

Aa¨vq-26 cÖ‡R± 3 t textfield Gi eënvi : ................................................10

Aa¨vq-27 cÖ‡R± 4 t radio button Gi eënvi : ......................................10

Aa¨vq-28 cÖ‡R± 5 t list menu Gi eënvi : ..............................................10

Aa¨vq-29 cÖ‡R± 6 t Function Gi eënvi : ..............................................10

Aa¨vq-30 cÖ‡R± 7 t wewfbœ jy‡ci eënvi (all loops) : ................................10

Aa¨vq-31 cÖ‡R± 8 t explore : ..................................................................10

Aa¨vq-32 cÖ‡R± 9 t print : .......................................................................10

Aa¨vq-33 cÖ‡R± 10 t doc dvBj •Zwi : ........................................................10

Aa¨vq-34 cÖ‡R± 11 t BDRvi login Kivi Rb¨ : ..........................................10

Aa¨vq-35 cÖ‡R± 12 t File read or write Kivi c×wZ : ...........................10

18


Aa¨vq-36 cÖ‡R± 13 t E-mail : ..................................................................10

gwWDj 1:

wc.GBP.wc (PHP)

19


wc.GBP.wc (PHP)

1.1 wc.GBP.wc wK ?

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(Software) PHP w`‡q Lye mn‡R •Zwi Kiv hvq Ges GwU LyeB User friendly.

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PHP gv‡b n‡‛Q Hypertext Preprocessor.GwU HTML embedded scripting

Language, hv WvBbvwgK I‡qe †cBR •Zwi Ki‡Z eënvi Kiv nq| GB j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri

1g

Aa¨vq

20


†ewki fvM syntax C, Java Ges Perl j¨vs¸‡qR †_‡K Avmv, Z‡e PHP Gi wbR¯^

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cv‡i| HTML †cB‡R PHP †KvW‡K PHP U¨vM Gi gva¨‡g mshy³ Kiv nq|

1.2 PHP j¨vs¸‡qR wKfv‡e KvR K‡i

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Kw¤úDUvi evbv‡Z n‡e| Kw¤úDUvi‡K mvf©vi wn‡m‡e •Zwi Kiv A‡bK mnR-GRb¨ Avcbvi

Kw¤úDUv‡i Apache bvgK I‡qe mvf©vi mdUIq¨vi wU Bb÷j _vK‡Z n‡e| Gici PHP

j¨vs¸‡qR‡K Avcwb Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i ivb Kiv‡Z cvi‡eb| wfwRUi hLb GKwU †cBR I‡cb

K‡i, ZLb mvf©vi PHP †KvW‡K cÖ‡mm K‡i Ges †m Abyhvqx AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e eªvDRv‡i HTML

Øviv wjwLZ K‡›U›Umg~n cÖ`wk©Z nq|

HTML G wjLv †Kvb †cBR hLb †Kvb BDRvi Zvi Kw¤úDUv‡i Save/Download K‡ib,

ZLb †m H †c‡R eëüZ HTML †KvWmg~nI †`L‡Z cvb| HTML †KvW¸‡jv eªvDRv‡i

Interpret K‡i| wKš‘ PHP KvR K‡i Ab¨fv‡e| PHP w`‡q †jLv †Kvb †c‡Ri †KvWmg~n

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21


wPÎ (1.2.1): PHP KvR Kivi GKwU cÖwµqv|

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wPÎ (1.2.2): K¬v‡q›U mvfv©i wi‡jkb|

22


wPÎ (1.2.3 ): PHP Interpreter Gi dvBj‡K cÖ‡mm Kivi c×wZ|

BDRvi hLb †Kvb eªvDRv‡ii gva¨‡g mvfv©i‡K †Kvb †cB‡Ri Rb¨ Request K‡i, Avi hw` H

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H Request wU PHP Interpreter Gi Kv‡Q P‡j hvq, †hwU Dc‡ii wP‡Î j¶¨ K‡i‡Qb| PHP

Interpreter ZLb File System-Gi mv‡_ Communicate K‡i H dvBjwUi Rb¨ (mKj

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mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM (Communicate) K‡i| cieZx©‡Z PHP †cBRwU‡K Web Server G

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1.3 K¨vwiqvi wn‡m‡e PHP j¨vs¸‡qR

eZ©gvb we‡k¦ Web Development Gi Rb¨ AZ¨š— RbwcÖq GKwU j¨vs¸‡qR n‡‛Q PHP.

mviv we‡k¦ Gi i‡q‡Q e¨vcK Re Pvwn`v Ges A‡bK †ewk AvKl©Yxq †eZb| AbjvB‡bI i‡q‡Q-Gi

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Av‡qi c_‡K AviI mnR fv‡e †bqvi Rb¨ †jL‡Ki ÔÔB›Uvi‡b‡U AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb (fvm©b-1)ÕÕ I

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j¨vs¸‡q‡R A‡bK fv‡jv nq, Zvn‡j Ab¨vb¨ j¨vs¸‡qR ¸‡jv eySv Zvi Rb¨ A‡bK mnR n‡q hvq|

PHP w`‡q †WUv‡eR (MySQL, MsSQL, Oracle BZ¨vw`) mshy³ †h †Kvb Application

•Zwi Kiv m¤¢e| PHP †cÖvMÖvgvi Zv‡ì AwfÁZvi gva¨‡g Lye mn‡R Software Engineer

n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi wKQz wKQz dvg© PHP †cÖvMÖvgvi‡ì‡K ïi‚ †_‡KB Software Engineer

wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM w`‡q _v‡K|

PHP †K K¨vwiqvi wn‡m‡e Choose Kivi 10 wU KviY wb‡gœ eY©bv Kiv nj

23


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4. A‡bK¸‡jv dedicate mvBU i‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b eY©bv mn A‡bK PHP †KvW i‡q‡Q-

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Ges wefbœ mgm¨v mgvavb mnR n‡q G‡m‡Q|

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Ki‡Z nq| Avi PHP w`‡q •Zwi Kiv mdUIq¨vi¸‡jv Lye mn‡RB cwieZ©b Kiv

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wc.GBP.wc GKwU Accessible Language.

GwU webvg~‡j¨ cvIqv hvq|

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wc.GBP.wc Gi gva¨‡g A‡bK `ª‚Z A¨vwc‡Kkb •Zwi Kiv hvq|

24


GwU‡K me ai‡bi Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g G ivb (execute) Kiv hvq|

PHP j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri Syntax ¸‡jv wkLv A‡bK mnR|

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PHP Gi gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ web based tools G access Kiv mnR|

PHP Avcbvi wm‡÷g‡K slow Ki‡e bv|

GwU Lye ªyZ †jvW nq|

GwU Ab¨vb¨ j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri mv‡_ Lye fv‡jv fv‡e KvR K‡i|

PHP Ae‡R± Awi‡q‡›UW †cÖvMÖvwgs mv‡c©vU K‡i|

HTML dvB‡j PHP †K Aš—f©y³ Kiv hvq|

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GwU Pvjbv KivI A‡bK mnR|

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Web Application •Zwi Kivi Rb¨ PHP eënvi Kiv nq|

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Kiv nq|

GwU LyeB User friendly Ges mn‡R eySv hvq|

GwU GKwU Secured j¨vs¸‡qR|

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efficiency Ges speed A‡bK fv‡jv|

GwU Apache Ges IIS Dfq I‡qe mvf©vi mv‡cv©U K‡i|

PHP Gi dedugger engine Øviv Lye mn‡R error wW‡U± Kiv hvq|

†ewki fvM mdUIq¨vi †Kv¤úvwb PHP j¨vs¸‡qR Preferred K‡i|

PHP cÖvq me ai‡bi †WUv‡eR‡K g¨v‡bR Ki‡Z cv‡i|

1.5 : j¨v¤ú (LAMP)

LAMP Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡‛Q Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP. GwU GKwU I‡cb

†mvm© mdUIq¨vi|

25


26


wc.GBP.wc Gbfvqib‡g›U

(PHP Environment)

2.1: wc.GBP.wc‡Z †cÖvMÖvg ivb Kiv‡bv

GB Aa¨v‡q Avgiv †`L‡ev, wKfv‡e wc.GBP.wc †cÖvMÖvg ivb Ki‡Z nq| cÖ_‡g Avcbvi

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ivb Kivi Rb¨ mdIq¨viwUi AvBK‡bi Ici gvDm c‡q›Uvi wb‡q Wvb evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z

n‡e,Zvici open G wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e hv wb‡Pi wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nj :

wPÎ (2.1): XAMPP mdUIq¨vi open Kivi c×wZ|

2q

Aa¨vq

27


XAMPP mdUIq¨vi open Kivi ci wb‡Pi wP‡Îi b¨vq AvDUcyU Avm‡e|

wPÎ (2.2) :XAMPP mdUIq¨vi open Kivi ci|

Dc‡ii wPÎ †_‡K Apache Ges MySql Gi cv‡k _vKv Start Gi Dci wK¬K K‡i Apache

Ges MySql †K Start Ki‡Z n‡e| hv wb‡Pi wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv nj|

wPÎ (2.3) : Apache Ges MySql †K Start Kivi ci|

28


GLb Computer †_‡K C WªvB‡f †h‡Z n‡e, †mLvb †_‡K XAMPP bvgK †dvìviwU I‡cb

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XAMPP †dvìviwU I‡cb Kivi ci wb‡Pi wP‡Îi gZ AvDUcyU Avm‡e|

wPÎ (2.5) : XAMPP †dvìviwU I‡cb Kivi ci|

29


GLvb †_‡K htdocs †dvìviwU open Ki‡Z n‡e, hv wb‡Pi wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nj :

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wPÎ (2.7) : htdocs open Kivi ci|

30


GLvb †_‡K †W¯‹U‡ci Lvwj RvqvMvq gvDm c‡q›Uvi wb‡q Wvb evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici

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wPÎ (2.8) :Text Document •Zwi Kiv|

Text Document •Zwi nIqvi ci wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e|

wPÎ (2.9) : Text Document •Zwi nIqvi ci|

31


Dc‡ii wP‡Î †`Lv hv‡‛Q “New Text Document” bv‡g GKwU Text Document •Zwi

n‡q‡Q| GLb GB Text Document †K I‡cb Ki‡Z n‡e hv wb‡Pi wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nj :

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New Text Document †K I‡cb Kivi ci wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e|

wPÎ (2.11) : New Text Document †K I‡cb Kivi ci|

32


Dc‡ii New Text Document bv‡g †h Notepad †`Lv hv‡‛Q, GLv‡b Avgiv Avgv‡ì

dvB‡ji †KvW ¸‡jv UvBc Kie| †KvW¸‡jv UvBc Kivi Av‡M Avgiv Av‡M GwU‡K †mf K‡i wbe|

†mf Kivi Rb¨ File †gby¨‡Z †h‡Z n‡e, †mLvb †_‡K Save As G wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e, hv wb‡Pi

wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv nj :

wPÎ (2.12) : File †gby¨ †_‡K Save As G wK¬K Kiv|

Save AS G wK¬K Kivi ci wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e|

wPÎ (2.13) : Save AS G wK¬K Kivi ci|

33


GLv‡b File name Gi N‡i dvBjwU Avgiv †h bv‡g †mf Ki‡Z PvB †m bvg wjLe (bvg Gi †k‡l

Aek¨B .php wjL‡Z n‡e) Ges Save as type Gi N‡i Aek¨B All Files wm‡j± K‡i w`‡Z

n‡e, me‡k‡l Save evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| hv wb‡Pi wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv nj :

wPÎ (2.14) : File Gi bvg c~iY K‡i Save evU‡b wK¬K Kiv|

†mf evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e|

wPÎ (2.15) : bvg c~iY K‡i File †K save Kivi ci|

34


GLb Avgiv GLv‡b GB dvB‡ji †KvW¸‡jv UvBc Kie| hv wb‡Pi wP‡Î †Ìqv nj :

wPÎ (2.16) : Notepad (index.php) G wc.GBP.wc †KvW UvBc Kiv|

†KvW¸‡jv UvBc Kivi ci †h †Kvb GKwU eªvDRvi (Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer

etc.) open K‡i address Gi N‡i localhost/index.php (†h bv‡g dvBj †mf Ki‡eb-

localhost/ Gi c‡i †m dvB‡ji bvg wjL‡Z n‡e) wj‡L enter press K‡i ivb Ki‡Z n‡e| hv

wb‡Pi wP‡Î †Ìqv nj :

wPÎ (2.17) : eªvDRv‡i File Gi bvg (location mn) wj‡L Enter press Kiv|

Enter Press Kivi ci wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e :

wPÎ (2.18) : AvDUcyU

35


†ewmK wc.GBP.wc

Avgiv Rvwb, PHP n‡‛Q mvf©vi mvBW w¯ŒwÞs j¨vs¸‡qR| A_©vr PHP I‡qe mvf©vi Øviv B›Uvi‡cÖU

(interpret) nq, Zvici GwU‡K eªvDRv‡i cvVv‡bv nq| PHP ivb Kivi c~‡e© Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i

A¨vcvwP A_ev AvBAvBGm I‡qe mvf©vi, wc.GBP.wc Ges gvB Gm.wKD.Gj Bb÷j _vK‡Z n‡e|

A_ev, Avcwb wc.GBP.wc Ges gvB Gm.wKD.Gj mv‡cv‡U ©W †Kvb mvf©v‡iI ivL‡Z cv‡ib|

3.1: wc.GBP.wc dvBj •Zwi

wc.GBP.wc †KvW wjLvi Rb¨ Avcbvi GKwU †U·U GwWUi ìKvi, †hgb-DB‡ÛvR

†bvUc¨vW| GQvov, Avcwb wewfbœ ai‡bi IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

Software †hgb:-(Macromedia Dreamweaver, Adobe Dreamweaver BZ¨vw`) I

eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Z‡e GLv‡b Avcbv‡ì‡K †bvUc¨v‡W †KvW wj‡L †`Lv‡ev| Pj yb ïi‚ Kiv

hvK| cÖ_‡g Avcwb Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii †hLv‡b XAMPP (GQvovI Avcwb Ab¨vb¨ mdUIq¨vi

†hgb:-WAMP) mdUIq¨viwU Bb÷j K‡i‡Qb, †mLv‡b P‡j hvb| GwU mvaviYZ evB wWdë C

WªvB‡f (System Drive) Bb÷j nq|

wPÎ (3.1.1) : XAMPP †dvìviwUi physical Ae¯’vb|

3q

Aa¨vq

36


GLb Avcwb XAMPP †dvìv‡ii wfZi htdocs bvgK GKwU †dvìvi †`L‡Z cv‡eb, Gevi

htdocs †dvìv‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‚b| GLb htdocs Gi wfZi GKwU Text Document dvBj •Zwi

Ki‚b|

wPÎ (3.1.2) : ivBU evUb wK¬K K‡i bZzb GKwU Text Document •Zwi Kiv|

Gevi dvBjwU I‡cb K‡i dvBjwUi dvBj Ackb †_‡K Save as G wK¬K Ki‚b| †mLv‡b File

Name G dvBjwUi †h †Kvb GKwU bvg w`b, †hgb Avwg GLv‡b dvBjwUi bvg w`‡qwQ

hello.php| GLv‡b g‡b ivL‡eb, dvB‡ji bvg Aek¨B (.php) extension mn wjL‡Z n‡e,

KviY GwU PHP dvBj wjLvi wbqg (Syntax I ej‡Z cv‡ib) Ges wb‡P Save as Type G

All Files wm‡j± K‡i w`‡eb|

37


wPÎ (3.1.3) : hello.php dvBj bvgKib|

wPÎ (3.1.4) hello.php dvBj|

Dc‡i j¶¨ Ki‚b, hello.php bvgK GKwU dvBj •Zwi n‡q‡Q|

38


3.2: cÖ_g wc.GBP.wc dvBj

GZ¶Y Avcbv‡ì †`Lvjvg wKfv‡e GKwU php dvBj •Zwi Ki‡Z nq| GLb †`Lv‡ev,

wKfv‡e H wc.GBP.wc dvBjwU‡Z †KvW wjL‡Z n‡e| wc.GBP.wc dvBj Gi mg¯ — †KvW php

syntax Gi wfZi wjL‡Z nq| wcGBPwc dvBj wKfv‡e ïi‚ Ges †kl Ki‡Z nq Zvi syntax

wb‡P †Ìqv nj :

<?php

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs-1 (p1.php) wc.GBP.wc dvBj ïi‚ Ges †kl Kivi syntax.

wc.GBP.wc Aek¨B php w¯ŒÞ Gi g‡a¨ wjL‡Z n‡e| php script ïi‚ nq <?php Ges †kl nq

?> w`‡q |

wPÎ (3.2.1) : php open and close script.

39


GLb Avgiv GB script Gi g‡a¨ †KvW wjL‡ev|

wPÎ (3.2.2) : wc.GBP.wc †KvW|

Dc‡ii dvBjwU‡Z j¶¨ Ki‡j †`L‡eb †h, Avgiv Avgv‡ì wc.GBP.wc w¯ŒÞ Gi g‡a¨ echo

"Welcome Bangladesh"; wj‡LwQ| GLb Avgiv GB dvBjwU ivb Kiv‡Z Pvw‛Q | Z‡e php

dvBj ivb Kivi c~‡e© Aek¨B g‡b ivL‡eb, Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i Apache mvf©vi †hb Pvjy Ae¯’vq

_v‡K| Pjyb GLb †`wL, wKfv‡e dvBjwU‡K ivb Ki‡Z nq| cÖ_‡g Avgiv †h †Kvb GKwU eªvDRvi

I‡cb Ki‡ev Ges eªvDRv‡ii BDAviGj (URL) e· G wjL‡ev http://localhost/hello.php

Ges wjLvi ci Kx-†evW© †_‡K G›Uvi (Enter) press Ki‡ev|

wPÎ (3.2.3) : hello.php dvBj-Gi AvDUcyU|

GLv‡b AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e Welcome Bangladesh †`Lv‡‛Q|

40


3.3: B‡¤‡WW wc.GBP.wc dvBj

Avgiv GLb †`L‡ev, wKfv‡e GBP.wU.Gg.Gj dvB‡ji wfZi wc.GBP.wc †KvW wjL‡Z nq|

Z‡e Aek¨B g‡b ivL‡eb, GLv‡bI Avcbvi dvBjwUi G·‡Ubkb (.php) n‡e| Avev‡iv GKwU

dvBj I‡cb Kijvg Ges dvBjwUi bvg w`w‛Q bd.php Ges Save as type †_‡K All Files

wm‡j± Kijvg|

wPÎ (3.3.1) : bd.php w`‡q dvBj Gi bvgKib|

wb‡gœi †KvW ¸‡jv bd.php dvBj G wjLyb| GB †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g Avgiv †`L‡ev, wKfv‡e php

Gi gva¨‡g wKQz †jLv ev †U·U AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e eªvDRv‡i ‡`Lv hvq|

41


<html>

<head>

</head>

<body>

<?php

echo "Welcome Bangladesh";

?>

</body>

</html>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 2 (p2.php) PHP Gi gva¨‡g wKQz †jLv ev †U·U‡K AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨

Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z Avgiv php w¯ŒÞ‡K HTML Gi Body Section Gi †fZi †i‡LwQ|

wPÎ 3.3.2: bd.php dvBj|

GLb c~‡e©i g‡ZvB Avgiv GB dvBjwU ivb Ki‡ev| Avev‡iv Avcwb eªvDRv‡i P‡j hvb, †mLv‡b

wjLyb http://localhost/bd.php Ges G›Uvi w`b|

42


3.4: wc.GBP.wc GBP.wU.Gg. Gj †KvW

GLv‡b Avgiv php w¯ŒÞ‡K HTML Gi Body Section Gi †fZi †i‡LwQ|

<html>

<head>

<title>My First PHP Page</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

echo "Hello World! ";

echo "Hello Bangladesh! ";

echo "Hello Dhaka! ";

?>

</body>

</html>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 3 (p3.php) HTML Gi body U¨vM Gi wfZi <?php ?> eënvi K‡i Zvi

wfZi PHP †KvW wjLv|

GLv‡b HTML Gi body U¨vM Gi wfZi Avgiv <?php ?> eënvi K‡i Zvi wfZi php

†KvW wj‡LwQ

echo "Hello World! ";

echo "Hello Bangladesh! ";

echo "Hello Dhaka! ";

GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU ivb Ki‡j wb‡gœi g‡Zv AvDUcyU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|

Hello Bangladesh!

Hello Tiger!

Hello Dhaka!

Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU ivb Ki‡j GiKg AvDUcyU Avm‡e|

Z‡e g‡b ivL‡eb, php †Z †Kvb GK jvBb †KvW A_©vr statement †jLv †k‡l †mwg‡Kvjb (;)

eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e Avi Wvej †Kv‡Ukb Gi wfZi hv _vK‡e †mwU AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|

†hgb Dc‡ii †Kv‡W j¶¨ Ki‡j †`L‡eb †h, Wvej †Kv‡Ukb ("") Gi wfZi Hello

Bangladesh! wjLv wQj Ges †mwU AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡‛Q|

43


GLb Avcbv‡ì‡K Av‡iKwU †cÖvMÖvg †`Lv‡ev| wb‡gœi †KvW¸‡jv Avcwb GKwU dvB‡j wj‡L c~‡e©i

g‡Zv †mf K‡i ivb K‡i †`Lyb| wb‡gœi †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g PHP Ges HTML Dfq †Kv‡Wi

AvDUcyU GKmv‡_ †`Lv‡e|

<html>

<head>

<title> My First PHP Page </title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

echo "Hello Bangladesh ";

?>

<h1> Our Dhaka </h1>

<?php

echo "Welcome Bangladesh ";

?>

</body>

</html>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 4 (p4.php) PHP Ges HTML Dfq †Kv‡Wi AvDUcyU GKmv‡_ †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨

†cÖvMÖvg|

GB †cªvMÖvgwU ivb Ki‡j AvDUcy‡U †`Lv‡e

Hello Bangladesh

Our Dhaka

Welcome Bangladesh

†cÖvMÖv‡gi AvDUcyU|

A_©vr, GLv‡b Avgiv †`L‡Z cvw‛Q PHP Ges HTML Dfq †Kv‡Wi AvDUcyU GKmv‡_

†`Lv‡‛Q|

44


KbmU¨v›U f¨vwi‡qej A¨vÛ †WUv UvBcm

(Constant variable and data types)

4.1: f¨vwi‡qej

f¨vwi‡qej eënvi Kiv nq f¨vwjD (value) store K‡i ivLvi Rb¨| f¨vwjD ej‡Z GLv‡b

†U·U, bv¤vi, w÷ªs BZ¨vw` eySvq| f¨vwi‡qej (variable) n‡‛Q GKwU Kb‡UBbvi Gi g‡Zv, †hwU

†Kvb wKQy Kb‡UBb A_ev aviY K‡i| Avgiv GLv‡b Kb‡UBbvi-†hwU‡K aviY K‡i, †mwU‡K

value ejwQ Avi Kb‡UBbvi‡K ejwQ f¨vwi‡qej| ai‚Y, GKwU cv‡Î wKQy Av‡cj i‡q‡Q, GLv‡b

cvÎwU n‡‛Q f¨vwi‡qej Avi cv‡Îi g‡a¨ †h Av‡cj ¸‡jv i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv n‡‛Q f¨vwjD (Value)|

A_©vr Av‡cj‡K GLv‡b ejv hvq, cv‡Îi gvb A_©vr f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvb| GKwU †cÖvMÖv‡g

f¨vwi‡qej evi evi eënvi Kiv hvq (A_©vr reuse Kiv hvq)| f¨vwi‡qej †cÖvMÖv‡g eënvi Kiv

nq ‡Kvb GKwU f¨vwjD‡K Represent Kivi Rb¨| †cÖvMÖv‡g f¨vwi‡qej eënvi Gi Kvi‡Y †Kvb

f¨vwjD‡K evi evi wjLvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| G‡Z K‡i ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi mvBR K‡g Av‡m| †Kvb GKwU

†cÖvMÖv‡gi hLb, †hLv‡b cÖ‡qvRb †mLv‡b Variable †K Kj (call) Kiv nq| f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi

Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨KwU j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri wbR¯^ i‚jm i‡q‡Q| †hgb wm, wm++, Rvfv, WU‡bU Ges

wcGBPwc †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR| cÖ‡Z¨K j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri f¨vwi‡qej Declare Kivi wbqg wfbœ, Z‡e

Avmj Concept Ges KvR GKB| wb‡gœ K‡qKwU f¨vwi‡qej Gi D`vniY †Ìqv nj:

$Variable_Name=Value;

f¨vwi‡qej Gi bvg f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvb

GB f¨vwi‡qej Gi bvg Avcwb †h‡Kvb wKQy wjL‡Z cv‡ib Ges †mwU‡Z †h †Kvb gvb (value) I

ivL‡Z cv‡ib|

$bd=5;

4_©

Aa¨vq

45


GLv‡b bd n‡‛Q f¨vwi‡qej Ges 5 n‡‛Q D³ bd f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvb| g‡b ivL‡eb, f¨vwi‡qej

†jLvi c~‡e© Aek¨B Wjvi mvBb ($) eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g txt Ges number bv‡gi `ywU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges G‡ì f¨vwjD

wn‡m‡e h_vµ‡g Bangladesh Ges 16 †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| GLb GB f¨vwi‡qej `ywU‡K Kj Kivi

Rb¨ Avgiv echo $txt; Ges echo $number; wj‡LwQ| Ges AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e D³ f¨vwi‡qej

`ywUi gvb h_vµ‡g Bangladesh16 †`L‡Z cv‡ev|

<?php

$txt = "Bangladesh";

$number = 16;

echo $txt;

echo $number;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 5 (p5.php) f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qv‡ii gva¨‡g f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb Kiv I AvDUcyU

†`Lv‡bv|

GKwU †bvUc¨vW I‡cb K‡i Dc‡ii †KvW ¸‡jv wjLyb Ges †mwU‡K †h‡Kvb bvg w`‡q WU (.php)

extension mn †mf Ki‚b| †hwU c~‡e© K‡qKevi †`Lv‡b n‡q‡Q| ZviciI AviI GKevi ‡`Lv‡bv

n‡jv| Avcwb Kw¤úDUv‡ii C WªvB‡f XAMPP †dvìviwU Luy‡R †ei Ki‚Y Ges †mLvb †_‡K

htdocs †dvìv‡ii wfZi P‡j hvb| g‡b ivL‡eb, Avcwb hw` XAMPP mdUIq¨viwU Ab¨ †Kvb

WªvB‡f Bb÷j K‡i _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j wKš‘ C WªvB‡f wM‡q cv‡eb bv| eis, †h WªvB‡f Bb÷j

K‡i‡Qb †mLv‡b †h‡Z n‡e| GLb htdocs †dvìv‡ii wfZi gvD‡mi ivBU evUb wK¬K K‡i GKwU

Text Document (†U·U WKz‡g›U ) dvBj I‡cb Ki‚b Ges dvBjwU‡Z Wvej wK¬K K‡i

dvBjwUi dvBj Ack‡b wM‡q Save as (†mf GR) G wK¬K K‡i GwU‡K var.php bv‡g †mf

Ki‚b Ges Save as type †_‡K Aek¨B All Files wm‡j± K‡i w`‡eb|

46


wPÎ (4.1.1) : var.php dvBj|

GLb dvB‡j Dc‡ii †KvW¸‡jv (p5.php) UvBc Ki‚b|

wPÎ (4.1.2) : var.php dvB‡j php †KvW|

GLb eªvDRv‡i wM‡q localhost/var.php wj‡L G›Uvi w`b, AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e Bangladesh16

†`L‡Z cv‡eb|

47


4.2: f¨vwi‡qej Declare Kivi wbqg

PHP f¨vwi‡qej Aek¨B letter A_ev underscore (“_”) w`‡q ïi‚ Ki‡Z n‡e |

f¨vwi‡qej †bBg ïaygvÎ Avjdv wbD‡gwiK (Alpha numeric) K¨v‡i±vim Ges

Underscore (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _) Kb‡UBb (Contain) Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

f¨vwi‡qej Gi bv‡g space eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| hw` f¨vwi‡qej Gi bvg G‡Ki AwaK

k‡ãi nq, ZLb uderscore (“_”) A_ev nvB‡db (“-”) eënvi K‡i †m¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v

Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

f¨vwi‡qej Gi bv‡g Capitalization I eënvi Kiv hv‡e|

f¨vwi‡qej Gi bv‡gi ïi‚‡Z Aek¨B dollar ($) mvBb _vK‡Z n‡e|

f¨vwi‡qej Gi bv‡gi cÖ_g A¶iwU bv¤vi n‡Z cvi‡e bv, †mwU Aek¨B Letter A_ev

Underscore w`‡q ïi‚ n‡Z n‡e|

PHP f¨vwi‡qej Case-sensitive A_©vr php syntax †g‡b variable declare bv Ki‡j

Gii (error) †`Lv‡e, Avcbvi †cÖvMÖvg ivb Ki‡e bv|

4.3: PHP f¨vwi‡qej Declare

GLb Avgiv php f¨vwi‡qej Gi wbqg¸‡jv †g‡b f¨vwi‡qej •Zwi (Declare) Ki‡ev : $txt GwU ïi‚ n‡q‡Q $ mvBb w`‡q Ges cÖ_g Letter n‡‛Q (a-z) Gi g‡a¨| myZivs, GwU GKwU

f¨vwjW f¨vwi‡qej|

$Txt

GwU $ mvBb w`‡q ïi‚ n‡q‡Q Ges cÖ_g A¶i A †_‡K Z Gi g‡a¨| GLv‡b f¨vwi‡qej

Captial letter w`‡q ïi‚ n‡q‡Q| myZivs GwUI GKwU f¨vwjW f¨vwi‡qej|

$_txt

GwUI $ mvBb w`‡q ïi‚ n‡q‡Q Ges f¨vwi‡qej Gi bv‡gi cÖ_‡g Underscore Av‡Q, myZivs

GwUI GKwU f¨vwjW f¨vwi‡qej|

$5txt

GwU $ mvBb w`‡q ïi‚ n‡q‡Q wVKB, Z‡e GwU f¨vwjW f¨vwi‡qej bv| KviY, Gi cÖ_g †jUvi

n‡‛Q bv¤vi Avi kZ© n‡‛Q cÖ_g †jUvi bv¤vi nIqv hv‡e bv|

$bd5

48


GwU GKwU f¨vwjW f¨vwi‡qej| KviY, GLv‡b bv¤vi 5 eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q wVKB, Z‡e Zv

f¨vwi‡qej Gi bv‡gi ïi‚‡Z bv| A_©vr, bv¤vi-f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvSLv‡b Ges †k‡l _vK‡Z

cv‡i|

wb‡gœ wKQy f¨vwjW f¨vwi‡qej †jLv nj : $V

$car

$dhaka

$position

$num

$num5

$num56

$num5bd

$_num

$num_

$num_56

$dhaka_bd

$March_Salary

$March12

$salaryEmployee

$add_two_number

$addTwoNumber

$addtwonumber

$employee_name

$studentName

$studentaddress

$Student

$a

$A

$aa

$ab

$b

$b_a

$a6

$xyz

49


$x

$aR

$x100

$m12265

Avgiv GLb Dc‡ii g‡Zv K‡i f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Ki‡Z cvi‡ev| ïay wbqg ¸‡jv †g‡b †h

†Kvb bv‡g variable wWdvBb Kiv hvq|

$num=56; f¨vwi‡qej wjLv †k‡l Aek¨B †mwg‡Kvjb w`‡Z n‡e|

GB Equal(=) mvBb Gi gv‡b n‡‛Q, 56 value wU num f¨vwi‡qej G assign K‡i †Ìqv

nj|

$name= "Rony ";

Rony bvgwU name f¨vwi‡qej G ivLv nj| GB f¨vwjDwU GKwU w÷ªs, hvi Rb¨ GwU‡K

Wvej †Kv‡Ukb (" ") Gi wfZi †jLv n‡q‡Q|

$sign= 'a '; GLv‡b a n‡‛Q GKwU character, hvi Rb¨ GwU‡K single quotation (' ') Gi wfZi ivLv

n‡q‡Q|

$nm=20;

GLv‡b nm f¨vwi‡qej G f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e 20 ivLv n‡q‡Q Ges GwU GKwU number nIqvq

†Kvb †Kv‡Ukb (quotation) eënvi Kiv nqwb|

GLb Avgiv AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e eªvDRv‡i D³ f¨vwi‡qej ¸‡jv‡Z A¨vmvBb Kiv f¨vwjD †`L‡Z

cve, f¨vwi‡qej Gi bvg bv|

GLb Avgiv †`L‡ev †h¸‡jv f¨vwi‡qej bv :

$5n

GLv‡b f¨vwi‡qej wU $ mvBb w`‡q ïi‚ n‡q‡Q wVK Av‡Q, wKš‘ cÖ_g †jUvi bv¤vi nIqv‡Z

GwU f¨vwi‡qej bv|

$employee salary

GLv‡b †¯úm (space) eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, GRb¨ GwU f¨vwi‡qej bv|

$emp$ Wjvi mvBb ïaygvÎ f¨vwi‡qej Gi ïi‚‡Z eënvi Kiv hv‡e, c‡i †Kv_vI bv| GRb¨ GwU

f¨vwi‡qej bv|

50


$emp@n

GLv‡b @ mvBb eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hwU f¨vwi‡qe‡j eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| GRb¨ GwUI PHP

f¨vwi‡qej bv|

f¨vwi‡qej bv Ggb wKQy D`vniY :

$56a

$--ab

$ab@

$@ab

$name!

$ name

var

var$

bd#

*bd

$student*name

$bd-dhaka (This is hypen)

$bd%

$dhaka\

4.4: f¨vwi‡qej (Variable), f¨vwjD (Value) Ges AvDUcyU (Output)

GLb Avgiv †`L‡ev, wKfv‡e variable G value ivL‡Z nq Ges Zv AvDUcy‡U †`Lv‡Z nq|

$bd= 576; †mwg‡Kvjb w`‡q †kl Ki‡Z nq|

f¨vwi‡qej f¨vwjD

BKzqvj (=) mvBb

Zvn‡j ejv hvq, BKzqvj mvBb Gi c~‡e© (ev‡g) †hwU _vK‡e †mwU n‡‛Q variable Ges c‡i

(Wv‡b) †hwU _vK‡e †mwU n‡‛Q value| value me mgq f¨vwi‡qej G Assign (P‡j Av‡m)

nq|

GLb Avwg hw` AvDUcy‡U 576 †`L‡Z PvB, Zvn‡j echo 576; wjL‡j Zv †`Lv‡e|

51


<?php

echo 576;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 6 (p6.php) AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e 576 †`Lvi Rb¨|

Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z j¶¨ Ki‚Y, Avcwb B‡Kv (echo) Gi c‡i hv wjL‡eb (576 msL¨v nIqvq

†Kv‡Ukb eënvi Kiv nqwb) ZvB †kv Ki‡e| wKš‘ Avwg GLb Pvw‛Q, value wU‡K mivmwi B‡Kv‡Z

bv wj‡L †Kvb GKwU f¨vwi‡qej Gi gva¨‡g Kj Ki‡Z| GRb¨ cÖ_‡g value wU‡K †Kvb

f¨vwi‡qej G ivL‡Z (Assign) n‡e| Pjyb, GLb 576 f¨vwjDwU‡K †h †Kvb GKwU f¨vwi‡qej

G ivwL|

$num= 576;

f¨vwi‡qej Ges me‡k‡l GKwU †mwg‡Kvjb _vK‡e|

echo $num;

Space _vK‡e

GwU AvDUcy‡Ui Rb¨ wjL‡Z nq

wPÎ : (4.4.1) f¨vwi‡qej wcÖ›U Kiv|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g G $num f¨vwi‡qejwU wW‡K¬qvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Gi gvb †Ìqv n‡q‡Q 576|

GLv‡b echo $num †jLv n‡q‡Q, Ges †h‡nZz $num-Gi gvb (value) n‡‛Q 576 ZvB

AvDUcy‡U 576 †`Lv‡e|

<?php

$num=576;

echo $num;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 7 (p7.php)

f¨vwjD mn f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi K‡i f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gvb AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv|

Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU ivb Ki‡j †`L‡eb AvDUcy‡U $num †`Lv‡‛Q bv, †`Lv‡e Gi gvb, A_©vr 576|

52


wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g name bv‡gi GKwU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, Ges Gi gvb wn‡m‡e GKwU

string A_©vr jasika †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, †h‡nZz GLv‡b echo $name wjLv n‡q‡Q, Ges †h‡nZz

$name Gi gvb jasika ZvB AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e jasika †`Lv‡e|

<?php

$name="jasika";

echo $name;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 8 (p8.php) f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e w÷ª eënvi Kiv|

f¨vwjD‡K Wvej †Kv‡Ukb w`‡q wjLv gv‡b n‡‛Q, GwU GKwU w÷ªs hv cieZx©‡Z Av‡jvPbv Kiv

n‡e|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g wKfv‡e GKwU K¨vi‡±vi‡K AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e wWm‡c Kiv hvq , Zv †`Lv‡bv

nj|

<?php

$n='b';

echo $n;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 9 (p9.php) f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e K¨v‡i±vi eënvi Kiv|

GLv‡b $n n‡‛Q GKwU f¨vwi‡qej Ges 'b' (f¨vwjD GKwU gvÎ K¨v‡i±vi nIqvq wms‡Mj

†Kv‡Ukb Gi g‡a¨ wjLv n‡q‡Q|) n‡‛Q GKwU K¨v‡i±vi| D³ †cÖvMÖv‡g AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e wWm‡c

n‡e b|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMªv‡g name bv‡gi GKwU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, Ges Gi gvb wn‡m‡e GKwU

string A_©vr ronay ahmed †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, †h‡nZz GLv‡b echo $name †jLv n‡q‡Q, Ges

†h‡nZz $name Gi gvb ronay ahmed ZvB AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e ronay ahmed †`Lv‡e|

<?php

$name="ronay ahmed";

echo $name;

?>


53


wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g Avjv`v fv‡e `yBwU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi K‡i Zv‡ì f¨wjD A¨vmvBb Kiv n‡q‡Q

Ges f¨vwjD AvDUcyU Kivi Rb¨ echo eënvi K‡i D³ f¨vwi‡qej `ywU‡K Kj Kiv n‡q‡Q|

<?php


echo $name;

$m="South Asian ICT";

echo $m;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 11 (p11.php) `yBwU f¨vwi‡qej Avjv`vfv‡e wW‡K¬qvi K‡i f¨vwi‡qej ¸‡jvi f¨vwjD

AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv|

<?php


echo $name;


echo $m;

$mm="South Asian ICT Gulshan Dhaka";

echo $mm;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 12 (p12.php) wZbwU f¨vwi‡qej Avjv`vfv‡e wW‡K¬qvi K‡i f¨vwi‡qej ¸‡jvi

f¨vwjD AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g GKB †fwi‡qe‡ji gvb‡K GKvwaK evi AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡‛Q|

<?php


echo $name;


echo $m;

$mm="South Asian ICT Gulshan Dhaka";

echo $mm;

echo $m;

echo $m;

echo $m;

?>

54


†cÖvMÖvg bs 13 (p13.php) GKB f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gvb‡K GKvwaK evi AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g num bv‡gi GKwU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Gi f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e 45

†Ìqv n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz echo num †jLv n‡q‡Q, Ges †h‡nZz num Gi gvb 14 ZvB AvDUcyU

wn‡m‡e 45 †`Lv‡e|

<?php

$num=45;

echo $num;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 14 (p14.php) f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD 45 w`‡q Zvi AvDUcyU †`Lv‡bv|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv‡Z (†cÖvMÖvg bs 15 †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg bs 20) f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD AvDUcy‡U

†`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ echo Gi gva¨‡g Kj Kiv n‡‛Q, Avevi f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi bv K‡i echo

gva¨‡g mivmwi AvDUcyU †`Lv‡bv n‡‛Q|

<?php

$num=45;

echo $num;

echo "Bangladesh";

$country="Bangladesh";

echo $country;

?>


<?php

$num=45;

echo $num;

echo "Bangladesh";

$country="Bangladesh";

echo $country;

$add=456123;

echo $add;

?>


<?php

$num=45;

$add=456123;

55


echo $add;

echo $num;

$num=45;

echo $num;

?>


<?php

$integer_var = 3;

echo $integer_var;

?>


<?php

$integer_var = 3;

$str_var = "apples";

echo $integer_var." ".$str_var;

?>


<?php

$city = "New York";

$var_container = "city"; //$var_container will store the variable $city

echo "CONTAINER's var: " .$var_container;

echo " ";

echo "CONTAINER's value: " . $$var_container;

echo " ";

echo "VAR city: " .$city;

?>


56


4.5: wc.GBP.wc †WUv UvBcm (PHP Data Types)

†ewki fvM †cÖvMÖvwgs G †WUv UvBc wj‡L w`‡Z nq| wKš‘ PHP †cÖvMÖvwgs G †Kvb †WUv UvBc

wjL‡Z nq bv| †hgb wm †cÖvMÖvwgs G hw` †Kvb number wjwL, Zvn‡j wjL‡Z nq

int a= 7;

†WUv UvBc

f¨vwjD

f¨vwi‡qej

wKš‘ PHP †Z Zv jv‡M bv †hgb $a=7;

GLv‡b †Kvb †WUv UvBc †bB|

PHP †Z GKwU f¨vwi‡qej G †h †Kvb ai‡Yi f¨vwjD ivLv hvq, wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ j¨vs¸‡q‡R †mUv

hvq bv| PHP †Z †WUv UvBcUv A‡Uv‡gwUK¨vwj f¨vwi‡qej G set nq, A_©vr Avcwb †h UvB‡ci

†WUv (gvb) f¨vwi‡qej G ivL‡eb, f¨vwi‡qej †mB UvB‡ci n‡q hv‡e|

†hgb:

$a= 75; A‡Uv‡gwUK¨vwj Bw›URvi (integer) UvBc n‡q hv‡e|

$bd=75.6; GwU A‡Uv‡gwUK¨vwj †d¬vU (float) UvBc n‡q hv‡e|

$n= "Mijan"; GwU w÷ªs (string) UvBc n‡q hv‡e|

$ch= 'p'; GwU K¨v‡i±vi (character) UvBc n‡q hv‡e|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g wewfbœ †WUv UvBc eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

<?php

$myAge = 16; // a PHP Integer - always available

$yourAge = 15.5; // a PHP Float - always available

$hasHair = true; // a PHP Boolean - always available

$greeting = "Hello World!"; // a PHP String - always available

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 21 (p21.php) wewfbœ †WUv UvBc eënvi K‡i †cÖvMÖvg †jLv|

57


4.6 : K¨v‡i±vi †mU (Character Sets)

Character n‡‛Q-†hwU Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii ¯Œxb (screen) G †`Lv hvq| †hgb bv¤^vi, †jUvi

A_ev wm¤j (symbol)| K¨v‡i±vi †mU eënvi Kiv nq IqvW© (word), bv¤^vi (number) Ges

G·‡cÖkb (Expression) •Zwi Ki‡Z Ges GwU wbf©i K‡iB †Kvb †cÖvMÖvg ivb Ki‡e|

Character set †K PviwU MÖ‚‡c wef³ Kiv hvq|

1. †jUvi (Letters)

2. wWwRU (Digits)

3. †¯úkvj K¨v‡i±vi (Special Characters ) I

4. †nvqvBU †¯úm (White Spaces)

4.7: f¨vwi‡qej G f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb (Assign) Kiv

myweavi Rb¨ f¨vwjD‡K f¨vwi‡qej G †÷vi K‡i ivLv nq| A¨vmvBb‡g›U Acv‡iUi Gi mvnv‡h¨

f¨vwi‡qe‡j f¨vwjD‡K †÷vi Kiv nq|

[ Assign Operator " =" ] "= " n‡‛Q A¨vmvBb‡g›U Acv‡iUi|

Variable_Name=constant;

GwU ‡h †Kvb bvg n‡Z cv‡i| GwU †h †Kvb gvb ev f¨vwjD n‡Z cv‡i|

$product= "apple";

GLv‡b product f¨vwi‡qe‡j apple †K f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e A¨vmvBb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

$price= 70.5;

price f¨vwi‡qe‡j 70.5 `vgwU ivLv n‡q‡Q|

GKB f¨vwi‡qej bv‡g GKvwaK f¨vwjD ivLv hvq, Z‡e †kl f¨vwjDwU me mgq cvIqv hv‡e|

$a= 5;

$a=6;

$a=10;

58


GLb hw` Avcwb Rvb‡Z Pvb, a Gi gvb KZ? Zv n‡j DËi n‡e 10. KviY GKB f¨vwi‡qej

bv‡g GKvwaK gvb ivL‡j †kl gvbUvB cvIqv hv‡e|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g a f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e hello A¨vmvBb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

<?php

$a = "hello";

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 22 (p22.php) f¨vwi‡qe‡j f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb Kiv|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g p Ges number bv‡gi `yBwU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi K‡i G‡ì f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb

Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ †h‡nZz GLv‡b ïaygvÎ echo $number †jLv n‡q‡Q-ZvB GLv‡b ïaygvÎ

number f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡e|

<?php

$p=10;

$number=12;

echo $number;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 23 (p23.php) GKvwaK f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD wW‡K¬qvi K‡i ïaygvÎ GKwU

f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv|

GLb Avgiv †`L‡ev, GKwU f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvb wKfv‡e Ab¨ f¨vwi‡qej G ivL‡Z A_ev

A¨vmvBb Ki‡Z nq|

$p=10; GLv‡b p Gi gvb n‡‛Q 10.

$number=$p; GLv‡b number f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvb wKš‘ $p bq, Gi gvb n‡‛Q 10. A_©vr

$p f¨vwi‡qej Gi f¨vwjDwU number f¨vwi‡qe‡j Assign n‡e|

<?php

$p=10;

$number=$p;

echo $number;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 24 (p24.php) GKwU f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gvb Ab¨ f¨vwi‡qe‡j ivLv A_ev A¨vmvBb Kiv|

<?php

$p=10;

$number=$p;

echo $number;

59


$p=$number;

echo $p;

$p=542;

echo $p;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 25 (p25.php) GKwU f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gvb Ab¨ f¨vwi‡qe‡j ivLv A_ev A¨vmvBb Kiv|

<?php

$p=10;

$number=$p;

echo $number;

$p=$number;

echo $p;

$p=542;

echo $p;

$number=$p;

echo $number;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 26 (26.php) GKwU f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gvb Ab¨ f¨vwi‡qe‡j ivLv A_ev A¨vmvBb Kiv|

4.8: Kx-IqvW© (Keywords)

Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvwgs G Kx-IqvW © n‡‛Q GK ai‡bi word A_ev identifier †hwU †cÖvMÖvwgs

j¨vs¸‡q‡R †Kvb wbw`©ó Meaning eySvq| Kx-IqvW©© †K wiRvf© IqvW©I ejv nq| Kx-IqvW© ¸‡jv

f¨vwi‡qej A_ev dvskb Gi bvg wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| Kx-IqvW© †hgb: if, else

BZ¨vw`| Kx-IqvW© n‡‛Q Ggb wKQy kã †h¸‡jv Avcwb Avcbvi B‡‛Qg‡Zv †cÖvMÖvwgs G eënvi

Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| KviY, cÖ‡Z¨KwU †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri wbw`©ó wKQy Kx-IqvW© Av‡Q, †h¸‡jv‡K

j¨vs¸‡q‡R wWdvBb K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q ‡h, H Kx-IqvW©mg~‡ni Gi KvR wK| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kx-IqvW©

Gi wbw`©ó wKQy KvR Av‡Q|

wb‡gœ KZ¸‡jv Kx-IqvW© Gi bvg †Ìqv nj

PHP Keywords :

abstract

and

http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.abstract.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.operators.logical.php

60


array()

as

break

case

catch

class

clone

const

continue

declare

default

do

else

elseif

enddeclare

endfor

endforeach

endif

endswitch

endwhile

extends

final

for

foreach

function

global

goto

if

implements

interface

instanceof

namespace

new

or

http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.array.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.foreach.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.break.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.switch.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.exceptions.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/keyword.class.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.cloning.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.constants.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.continue.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.declare.php


http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.do.while.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.else.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.elseif.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.declare.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.alternative-syntax.php






http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.final.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.for.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.foreach.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.user-defined.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.variables.scope.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.goto.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.if.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.interfaces.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.interfaces.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.operators.type.php

http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.namespaces.php



61


private

protected

public

static

switch

throw

try

use

var

while

xor

c-27 wc.GBP.wc Kx-IqvW©m|

4.9: Kb÷¨v›U (Constants)

Constant n‡‛Q AvB‡Ww›Udvqvi, †hwUi f¨vwjD †cÖvMÖvg PjvKvjxb mg‡q cwieZ©b Kiv hv‡e bv|

f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvb †h †Kvb mgq cwieZ©b Kiv hvq, wKš‘ constant Gi gvb GKeviB assign

Kiv hvq Ges cieZx©‡Z PvB‡jI Avi cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv| †hgb Mathematics G cvB Gi

gvb memgq 3.14 Ges Gi gvb cwieZ©b nq bv| myZivs, PvB‡j GB gvbwU‡K constant Gi

mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv hvq| Constant †h †Kvb UvB‡ci value n‡Z cv‡i| Constant •Zwi Ki‡Z

nq define() dvskb eënvi K‡i| define() dvskb `ywU Avi¸‡g›U †bq, cÖ_gwU n‡‛Q

constant Ges c‡iiwU n‡‛Q value. Constant bvg case sensitive. Constant bv‡gi

me¸‡jv †jUvi Avcvi †Km n‡e| wb‡gœ Constant wW‡K¬qvi K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡jv

define ("MESSAGE", "welcomeBD");

define dvskb| constant G †h gvbwU ivL‡Z PvB|

constant Gi bvg, †h †Kvb GKwU bvg n‡Z cv‡i Z‡e Aek¨B Uppercase n‡Z n‡e|

GLb hw` cÖkœ Kiv nq, MESSAGE constant Gi f¨vwjD/gvb wK? Z‡e, DËi n‡e

welcome BD

http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.visibility.php



http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.variables.scope.php




http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.namespaces.php


http://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.while.php


62


define("VAL",20);

Constant Value of VAL

define("B",33);

echo B;

GLv‡b AvDUcy‡U Avm‡e 33, KviY B Gi gvb n‡‛Q 33

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g MESSAGE Ges M bv‡g `yBwU Constant f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv

n‡q‡Q Ges G‡ì f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e Welcome to my World Ges 20 †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ges

GLv‡b †h‡nZz echo MESSAGE Ges echo M †jLv n‡q‡Q, ZvB AvDUcy‡U

Welcome to my World Ges 20 (Welcome to my World20) Avm‡e|

<?php

define("MESSAGE", "Welcome to my World");

echo MESSAGE;

define("M", 20);

echo M;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 28 (p28.php) Constant f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gva¨‡g f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb K‡i G‡ì

AvDUcyU ‡`Lv‡bv|

wb‡P MY_CONSTANT bv‡g GKwU Constant f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi K‡i Gi gvb 36

†Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Avevi Gi mv‡_ if…..else conditional statement hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wb‡Pi

†cÖvMÖv‡g constant f¨vwi‡qe‡j hw` MY_CONSTANT wWdvBb Kiv nq, Z‡e AvDUcyU

Avm‡e Constant is defined Ab¨_vq AvDUcyU Avm‡e Constant is not defined

<?php

define ("MY_CONSTANT", 36);

if (defined("MY_CONSTANT"))

{

echo "Constant is defined";

}

else

63


{

echo "Constant is not defined";

}

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 29 (p29.php) Constant f¨vwi‡qe‡ji mv‡_ if…..else KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›U hy³

K‡i †cÖvMÖvg wjLv|

<?php

// define your site name, since it does NOT change

// anywhere within your script.

define( 'SITE_NAME', 'Learning Journal' );

// define the current year, possibly to use in your copyright

// statement or for 'date' calculations

define( 'THIS_YEAR', date('Y') );

// even use existing constants to create other constants!

// e.g. adding the trademark symbol to your site name...

define( 'SITE_NAME_T', SITE_NAME.'™' );

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 30 (p30.php) Constant f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g String, Integer, Boolean Ges Float UvB‡ci Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi

K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

<?php

// String

define( 'AUTHOR', 'J de Silva' );

// Integer

define( 'COLUMNS', 3 );

// Boolean

define( 'SHOW_MENU', FALSE );

// Float

define( 'DISCOUNT_50', 0.5 );

64


?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 31 (p31.php) wewfbœ †WUv UvB‡ci Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv|

<?php

//define a constant

define("GREETING","Hello you! How are you today?");

echo constant("GREETING");

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 32 (p32.php) Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi K‡i Gi f¨vwjD AvDUcy‡U ‡`Lv‡bv|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g MY_CONSTANT bv‡g Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Gi

f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e The constant value †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|

<?php

define("MY_CONSTANT", "The constant value")

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 33 (p33.php) Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gva¨‡g f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb Kiv|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD Hello world †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ges Gi AvDUcyU

echo CONSTANT Gi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avevi echo Constant †jLvq Gi

AvDUcyU Avm‡e wVKB, Z‡e D³ CONSTANT f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gvb bv| †Kbbv, Av‡MB ejv

n‡q‡Q, GwU †Km-†mbwmwUf (UpperCase)| A_v©r, GB †cÖvMÖv‡gi AvDUcyU Avm‡e Hello

world.Constant

<?php

define("CONSTANT", "Hello world.");

echo CONSTANT; // outputs "Hello world."

echo Constant; //outputs "Constant" and issues a notice.

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 34 (p34.php) Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qej wWdvBb Kiv|

4.10: K‡g›U (Comments)

K‡g›U n‡‛Q GKwU jvBb †hwU †cÖvMÖv‡gi Ask, wKš‘ †cÖvMÖvg execute Kivi mgq H jvBbwU‡K

wiW Kiv nq bv| K‡g›U Gi gva¨‡g mvaviYZ †KvW wi‡j‡UW †Kvb Bbdi‡gkb †Ìqv _v‡K, †hb

Abïv †KvW †`‡L Zv mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i|

65


wms‡Mj jvBb K‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ (//) eënvi Kiv nq| //echo "Beautiful"; GwU n‡‛Q

K‡g›U jvBb| D³ †cÖvMÖv‡g AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e Beautiful †`Lv‡e bv, KviY GwU K‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨|

Avgiv PvB‡j G‡Ki AwaK jvBb‡K K‡g‡›Ui gva¨‡g execution eÜ ivL‡Z cvwi|

GKvwaK jvBb‡K K‡g›U Gi AvIZvq Avbvi Rb¨ ïi‚‡Z front slash (/ ) Ges ÷vi (*) mvBb

eënvi Ki‡Z nq|

/* echo “Dhaka”;

$p=6;

echo $p;

*/ K‡g›U‡K †kl Ki‡Z nq ÷vi (*) Ges front slash (/ ) w`‡q|

Dc‡ii †cÖvMªv‡g K‡g‡›Ui wfZ‡i hv i‡q‡Q, Zv AvDUcy‡U wKQy Avm‡ebv| A_©vr G¸‡jv †Kvb

KvRI Ki‡e bv|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g echo "hello" Ges echo "there" †jLvq AvDUcyU Avm‡e hello there|

GLv‡b //this is a commnet n‡‛Q GKwU K‡g›U, ZvB GwU AvDUcy‡U Avm‡e bv|

<?php

echo "hello";

//this is a comment

echo " there";

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 35 (p35.php) K‡g›U eënvi K‡i †cÖvMÖvg †jLv|

<?php

echo "hello";

/*

Using this method

you can create a larger block of text

and it will all be commented out

*/

echo "there";

?>

66


†cÖvMÖvg bs 36 (p36.php): K‡g›U eënvi K‡i †cÖvMÖvg †jLv|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡gi †Kvb AvDUcyU Avm‡ebv, KviY GLv‡b //echo “hello”; †jLv n‡q‡Q Ges

GwU‡K wjLv n‡q‡Q K‡g›U wn‡m‡e, Avi †h‡nZz K‡g›U wn‡m‡e hv wjLv nq Zvi AvDUcyU wWm‡c

nq bv, ZvB G †cÖvMÖv‡giI †Kvb AvDUcyU Avm‡e bv|

<?php

//echo "hello";

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 37 (p37.php) ïaygvÎ K‡g›U eënvi Kiv|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g //echo "hello"; K‡g›U wn‡m‡e eënvi Kivq Gi †Kvb AvDUcyU Avm‡ebv, wKš‘

†h‡nZz Avevi echo "there" †jLv n‡q‡Q Ges GwU‡K K‡g›U wn‡m‡e wjLv nqwb, ZvB Gi

AvDUcyU Avm‡e there

<?php

//echo "hello";

echo "there";

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 38 (p38.php) GB †cÖvMÖv‡gi AvDUcyU Avm‡e there

<?php

echo 'This is a test'; // This is a one-line c++ style comment

/* This is a multi line comment

yet another line of comment */

echo 'This is yet another test';

echo 'One Final Test'; # This is a one-line shell-style comment

?>


<?php

/*

echo 'This is a test'; /* This comment will cause a problem */ */

?>


67


Ab¨ Av‡iKwU Ackb eënvi K‡iI Avgiv K‡g›U Ki‡Z cvwi| †nk (#) mvBb eënvi K‡iI

K‡g›U Kiv hvq|

#echo "Girl";

myZivs, GB †cÖvMÖv‡gi AvDUcy‡U Girl Avm‡ebv|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g # eënvi K‡i K‡g›U †jLv n‡q‡Q|

<?php

echo "hello";

#this is a comment

echo " there";

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 41 (p41.php) # eënvi K‡i K‡g›U †jLv|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g #echo "I don‟t do anything either" †K K‡g›U wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv

n‡q‡Q, ZvB GLv‡b echo wjLv m‡ËI Gi †Kvb AvDUcyU Avm‡e bv| GB †cÖvMÖv‡gi AvDUcyU

Avm‡e Hello World!

Psst...You can't see my PHP comments!

<?php

echo "Hello World!"; // This will print out Hello World!

echo " Psst...You can't see my PHP comments!"; // echo

"nothing";

// echo "My name is Humperdinkle!";

# echo "I don't do anything either";

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 42 (p42.php) eënvi K‡i K‡g›U †jLv|

68


Acv‡iUim A¨vÛ G·‡cÖkbm (Operators and Expressions)

5.1: Acv‡iUi (Operator)

Acv‡iUi n‡‛Q GK ai‡bi wm¤j (symbol) †hwU Kw¤úDUvi‡K wb‡`©k K‡i †Kvb ai‡bi

Mathmatical A_ev Logical g¨vwbcy‡jkb (Acv‡ikb) Ki‡Z n‡e| †cÖvMÖv‡g Acv‡iUi

eënvi Kiv nq †WUv Ges f¨vwi‡qej‡K g¨vwbcy‡jU (wewfbœ KvR cwiPvjbv) Kivi Rb¨|

Acv‡iUi Gi mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv GK ev GKvwaK f¨wjD †_‡K Ab¨ bZzb †Kvb f¨vwjD •Zwi Ki‡Z

cvwi|

Operator

$a=5+6;

Operands

f¨vwi‡qej a †Z 5 Ges 6 Gi †hvMdj 11

Acv‡iUi n‡‛Q GKwU symbol †hwU GK ev GKvwaK Acv‡iÛ Gi Dci †Kvb ai‡bi Acv‡ikb

Pvjvq|

5.2: G·‡cÖkb (Expression)

G·‡cÖkb n‡‛Q wKQy code (piece of code) †hwU cÖwWDm K‡i †Kvb †iRvë A_ev f¨vwjD|

†cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡q‡R G·‡cÖkb-f¨vwjD, f¨vwi‡qej, Kb÷¨v›U, Acv‡iUi BZ¨vw`‡K GKÎ K‡i|

5g

Aa¨vq

69


Acv‡iÛm

$a=2+5;

f¨vwi‡qej cvm Acv‡iUi

Assignmet operator

cy‡iv jvBb †KvWwU n‡‛Q G·‡cÖkb|

A_©vr †cÖvMÖvwgs Gi †Kvb GKwU statement †K Avgiv G·‡cÖkb ej‡Z cvwi| †hgb :

a=b+3;

z++;

300>(8*k);

a*b+c;

(a*b)+c;

(a*b)/c;

5.3: Acv‡iUi UvBcm (Operator Types)

†cÖvMÖvwgs G Acv‡iUi ¸‡jv‡K mvaviYZ KZ¸‡jv fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|

1. Arithmetic operators (A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUim)

1. Relational operators (wi‡jkbvj Acv‡iUim)

2. Logical operators (jwRK¨vj Acv‡iUim)

3. Assignment operators (A¨vmvBb‡g›U Acv‡iUim)

4. Increment and Decrement operators (Bbwµ‡g›U Ges wWwµ‡g›U Acv‡iUim)

5. Conditional operators (KwÛkbvj Acv‡iUim)

6. Bitwise operators (weUIqvBR Acv‡iUim)

7. Special operators (†¯úkvj Acv‡iUim)

70


5.4: A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUim (Arithmetic Operators)

wb‡gœ Arithmetic Acv‡iUi ¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj :

+ A¨vwWkb (Addition)

x=2+5;

Addition

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g $a=5+6; Gi gva¨‡g 5 Ges 6 †K †hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b + Addition

Acv‡iUi eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi AvDUcyU Avm‡e 11

<?php

$a=5+6;

echo $a;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 43 (p43.php) Addition Acv‡iU‡ii gva¨‡g `ywU msL¨v †hvM Kiv|

Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU ivb Ki‡j Avgiv AvDUcy‡U 11 cv‡ev|

<?php

$a=6;

echo $a+5;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 44 (p44.php) Addition Acv‡iU‡ii gva¨‡g †hvM Kiv|

- mveUªvKkb (Subtraction)

$x=6-2;

Subtraction

GLv‡b x Gi gvb n‡e 4

71


$a=8;

$b=$a-3;

b Gi gvb n‡e 5

$c=$a-$b;

Zvn‡j c Gi gvb n‡e 3 KviY, a Gi gvb 8 Avi Zv †_‡K b Gi gvb 5 ev` †M‡j 3 _v‡K|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g f¨vwi‡qej $a=12-8 †jLv n‡q‡Q A_ ©vr GLv‡b Subtraction (-)

Acv‡iUv‡ii gva¨‡g 12 †_‡K 8 we‡qvM K‡i, we‡qvMdj echo $a Gi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv

n‡‛Q|

<?php

$a=12-8;

echo $a;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 45 (45.php) Subtraction Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

<?php

$a=12-8;

$c=$a-2;

echo $c;

$d= $a - $c;

echo $d;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 46 (p46.php) Subtraction Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

* gvwëwc‡Kkb (Multiplication)

$p=3*2;

$p=6;

$m=4;

$x=$p*$m;

72


GLv‡b, x Gi gvb n‡e 24 KviY, p Gi gvb 6 Ges m Gi gvb 4 myZivs 4 Ges 6 Gi ¸bdj

24.

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g f¨vwi‡qej $a=8*2; wjLv n‡q‡Q A_v ©©r GLv‡b Multiplication (*)

Acv‡iUv‡ii gva¨‡g 8 Gi mv‡_ 2 ¸b K‡i, ¸bdj echo $a Gi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡‛Q|

<?php

$a=8*2;

echo $a;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 47 (p47.php) Multiplication Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

<?php

$a=3*2;

$m=5;

$p=$a * $m;

echo $p;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 48 (p48.php) Multiplication Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

/ wWwfkb (Division)

$x=15/5;

x Gi gvb n‡e 3 $a=12;

$b=3;

$p=$a/$b

p Gi gvb n‡e 4

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g f¨vwi‡qej $a=18/3 wjLv n‡q‡Q, A_v©r GLv‡b Division (/) Acv‡iU‡ii

gva¨‡g 18 ‡K 3 Øviv fvM K‡i, fvMdj echo $a Gi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡‛Q|

<?php

$a=18/3;

echo $a;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 49 (p49.php) Division Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

73


<?php

$a=25;

$b=5;

$x=$a/$b;

echo $x;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 50 (p50.php): Division Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

% gwWDjvm (Modulus)

$m=11%2;

GLv‡b, m Gi gvb n‡e 1. KviY gwWDjvm gv‡b n‡‛Q fvM‡kl| myZivs, 11 ‡K 2 w`‡q fvM

Ki‡j, fvM‡kl _v‡K 1.

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g f¨vwi‡qej $a=20%3; wjLv n‡q‡Q, A_v©r GLv‡b Modulus (%) Acv‡iU‡ii

gva¨‡g 20 ‡K 3 Øviv gwWDjvm K‡i, fvM‡kl echo $a Gi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡‛Q|

<?php

$a=20%3;

echo $a;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 51 (p51.php) Modulus Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

<?php

$a=29;

$b=5;

$x=$a%$b;

echo $x;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 52 (52.php) Modulus Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

++ Bbwµ‡g›U (Increment)

$x=6;

$x++;

GLv‡b x Gi gvb n‡e 7 KviY increment 1 K‡i ev‡o|

$p=2;

74


$m=$p++;

m Gi gvb n‡e 3 KviY p Gi gvb wQj 2 Zvi mv‡_ GK †hvM n‡q GLb 3 n‡q‡Q|

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g $a bv‡g GKwU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi K‡i Gi f¨vwjD 2 †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, Zvici

$a++ Gi gva¨‡g Gi f¨vwjD‡K 1 evwo‡q †Ìqv nj| cÖ_‡g $a Gi f¨vwjD wQj 2, wKš—y $a++

eënvi Kivq Gi f¨vwjD †e‡o nj 3. myZivs, GLb Gi AvDUcyU Avm‡e 3.

<?php

$a=2;

$a++;

echo $a;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 53 (p53.php) Increment Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

<?php

$a=8;

$p=$a++;

echo $p; ?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 54 (p54.php) Increment Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

-- wWwµ‡g›U (Decrement)

(decrement ) wWwµ‡g›U Acv‡iUi †Kvb f¨vwjD Gi gvb GK GK K‡i Kgvq (Kwg‡q †`q)|

$c=5;

$c--;

GLv‡b, c Gi gvb n‡e 4|

$z=9;

$p=$z--;

p Gi gvb n‡e 8 KviY 9 †_‡K 1 K‡g‡Q A_©vr subtract n‡q‡Q|

75


A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUim (Arithmetic Operators)

Operator Description Example Result

+ Addition x=2

x+2 4

- Subtraction x=2

5-x 3

* Multiplication x=4

x*5 20

/ Division 15/5

5/2 3

2.5

% Modulus (division remainder) 5%2

10%8 10%2

1

2 0

++ Increment x=5

x++ x=6

-- Decrement x=5

x-- x=4

c-55

wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g wewfbœ Arithmetic Acv‡iUi A_ ©vr Addition, Subtratcion,

Multiplication, Division, Modulus eënvi K‡i †cÖvMÖvg wjLv nj|

<?php

$addition = 2 + 4;

$subtraction = 6 - 2;

$multiplication = 5*3;

$division = 15/3;

$modulus = 5%2;

echo "Perform addition: 2 + 4 = ".$addition." ";

echo "Perform subtraction: 6 - 2 = ".$subtraction." ";

echo "Perform multiplication: 5 * 3 = ".$multiplication." ";

echo "Perform division: 15 / 3 = ".$division." ";

echo "Perform modulus: 5 % 2 = " .$modulus . " ". Modulus is the

remainder after the division operation has been performed. In this case it

was 5 / 2, which has a remainder of 1.";

?>

76


†cÖvMÖvg bs 56 (p56.php) wewfbœ Arithmetic Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

wb‡P Post Increment Ges Pre Increment eënvi K‡i GKwU †cÖvM Övg wjLv nj :

<?php

$x = 4;

echo "The value of x with post-plusplus = " . $x++;

echo " The value of x after the post-plusplus is " .$x;

$x = 4;

echo " The value of x with with pre-plusplus = " . ++$x;

echo " The value of x after the pre-plusplus is " . $x;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 57 (p57.php) Post Increment Ges Pre Increment Gi eënvi|

<?php

$add = 6 + 4;

$sub = 6 - 4;

$multi = 6 * 4;

$div = 6 / 3;

$mod = 10 % 2;

echo " 6 + 4 = ".$add." ";

echo " 6 - 4 = ".$sub." ";

echo" 6 * 4 = ".$multi." ";

echo " 6/3 = ".$div." ";

echo " 10%2 = ".$mod." ";

?>


$a += $b; is the same as $a = $a + $b;

$a -= $b; is the same as $a = $a - $b;

$a *= $b; is the same as $a = $a * $b;

$a /= $b; is the same as $a = $a / $b;

$a %= $b; is the same as $a = $a % $b;

c-59

77


<html>

<head><title>Arithmetical Operators</title><head>

<body>

<?php

$a = 42;

$b = 20;

$c = $a + $b;

echo "Addtion Operation Result: $c ";

$c = $a - $b;

echo "Substraction Operation Result: $c ";

$c = $a * $b;

echo "Multiplication Operation Result: $c ";

$c = $a / $b;

echo "Division Operation Result: $c ";

$c = $a % $b;

echo "Modulus Operation Result: $c ";

$c = $a++;

echo "Increment Operation Result: $c ";

$c = $a--;

echo "Decrement Operation Result: $c ";

?>

</body>

</html>


wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g BDRvi wc.GBP.wc dg© (dg© BDRvi BbcyU A_©vr Kx-†evW© †_‡K BbcyU wb‡Z

eëüZ nq) Gi gva¨‡g wZbwU msL¨v Kx-‡evW© †_‡K BbcyU w`‡e Ges BDRv‡ii †Ìqv wZbwU

msL¨vi †hvMdj AvDUcy‡U wWm‡c Ki‡e|

<html>

<head>

<title>Arithmetic Operators for PHP</title>

</head>

<Body>

<form name="form1" method="post" action="example.php">

sum1 <input name="sum1" type="text"> 

78




<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Sum"> 

</form>

<?php

$sum1=$_POST['sum1'];



$total_sum=$sum1+$sum2+$sum3;

echo $total_sum;

?>

</body>

</html>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 61 (p61.php) Arithemtic Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi| (Dc‡i "example.php" Gi

RvqMvq Avcwb Avcbvi dvB‡ji bvg w`‡eb| A_©vr, †h bv‡g Avcwb D³ dvBjwU †mf K‡i‡Qb)|

<?php

$applesBought = 5;

$applesSold = 3;

echo "Now I have " . $applesBought - $applesSold . " apples left";

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 62 (p62.php) Arithemtic Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

<?php

$applesBought = 5;

$applesSold = 3;

echo "Now I have " . ($applesBought - $applesSold) . " apples left";

// Outputs:

// Now I have 2 apples left

?>


<?php

// PHP has 5 primary math operators: addition, subtraction, multiplication,

division, and modulus

79


// These should be self explanatory with the exception of modulus. Modulus

gives you the remainder of

// a division. For example, the modulus of 5 and 2 is 1, since 1 is the

remainder. Here are examples:

echo 3 + 1; // Addition, output would be 4

echo 3 - 1; // Subtraction, output would be 2

echo 3 * 2; // Multiplication, output would be 6

echo 6 / 2; // Division, output would be 3

echo 7 % 4; // Modulus, output would be 3

// When dividing numbers, PHP will automatically give you a decimal

number if there is a remainder.

// Notice above that I did not surround the numbers with quotes. Strictly

speaking, a number in a programming

// language that is surrounded by quotes is no longer a number, but a string.

PHP will, however, still perform

// mathematical operations on numbers inside of quotes, but it is

recommended to avoid doing this.

// Here is an example of this:

echo '7' * '3';

// Will have the same output as this:

echo 7 * 3;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 64 (p64.php) wewfbœ Arithemtic Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

<?php

$x=100;

$y=60;

echo "The sum of x and y is : ". ($x+$y) ." ";

echo "The difference between x and y is : ". ($x-$y) ." ";

echo "Multiplication of x and y : ". ($x*$y) ." ";

echo "Division of x and y : ". ($x/$y) ." ";

echo "Modulus of x and y : " . ($x%$y) ." ";

80


?>


<?php

$num1 = 50;

$num2 = 30;

//Addition

$sum = $num1 + $num2;

//Subtraction

$difference = $num1 - $num2;

//Multiplication

$product = $num1*$num2;

//Division

$quotient = $num1 / $num2;

//Modulus

$remainder = $num1 % $num2;

?>

†cÖvM Övg bs 66 (p66.php) wewfbœ Arithemtic Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

<?php

// addition

$var1 = 4;

$var2 = 5;

$total = $var1 + var2;

echo "Total = " . $total;

// Total = 9

?>


<?php

// subtraction

$var1 = 8;

$var2 = 5;

81


$total = $var1 - var2;


// Total = 3

?>


<?php

// Division

$var1 = 15;

$var2 = 5;

$total = $var1 / var2;


// Total = 3

?>


<?php

// Modulus

$var1 = 15;

$var2 = 5;

$total = $var1 % var2;

echo "Total = ".$total;

// Total = 0

?>


< ?php

$num1 = 50;

$num2 = 30;

//Addition

$num1 = $num1+ $num2;

//Shorthand for this is..

$num1+=$num2;

//Subtraction

$num1 = $num1 - $num2;

82



$num1-=$num2;

//Multiplication

$num1 = $num1 * $num2;


$num1 *=$num2;

//Division

$num1 = $num1 / $num2;


$num1 /=$num2;

//Modulus

$num1= $num1 % $num2;


$num1%=$num2;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 71 (p71.php) wewfbœ Arithemtic Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD/XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml11-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">

<head>

<title>A Web Page</title>

</head>

<body>



// The addition operator

<?php

$sum = 5 + 2;

$sum = 7;

$newsum = $sum + 4;

echo "The sum is " . $newsum

83


//The subtraction operator

$difference = $newsum - 2;

echo "The difference is " . $difference;

//The multiplication operator

$product = $difference * 3;

echo "The product is " . $product;

//The division operator

$quotient = $product / $difference;

echo "The quotient is " . $quotient;

//The Increment operator

$quotient++;

echo $quotient;

//The decrement operator

$quotient --;

echo $quotient;

?>



</body>

</html>


<?php

$num1 = 4;

$num2 = 5;

$num3 = 2;

$answer = $num1 * $num2 - $num3;

84


echo $answer;

?>


<?php

$num1 = 4;

$num2 = 5;

$num3 = 2;

$answer = $num1 * ($num2 - $num3);

echo $answer;

?>


<?php

$a = 10;

$b = 11;

$c = 12;

$add = $a + $b +$c;

$sub = $c - $a;

$mult = $a * $b;

$div = $c / 3;

echo $add, " " , $sub, " ";

echo $mult," ", $div, " ";

echo "\n";

?>


<?php

$value = 1;

echo $value++;

echo " ";

85


echo $value;

?>


<?php

// Increment

$counter = 15;

$counter ++; // 16

$counter ++; // 17

echo "Counter = " . $counter;

// Counter = 17

?>


<?php

$var1 = 3;

$var2 = 5;

$var1 = $var2; //var1=5

$var1 += $var2; //var1=8

$var1 -= $var2; //var1= -2

$var1 *= $var2; //var1=15

$var1 /= $var2; //var1=0.6

$var1 %= $var2; //var1=3

//you can print $var1 after each step to see its value

?>


86


5.5: A¨vmvBb‡g›U Acv‡iUim (Assignment operators)

A¨vmvBb‡g›U Acv‡iUi eënvi Kiv nq †Kvb f¨vwi‡qej Gi f¨vwjD‡K †mU Kivi Rb¨| GRb¨

equal to (=) mvBb eënvi Kiv nq| Assignment Acv‡iUi Gi gva¨‡g GKwU f¨vwi‡qej

Gi f¨vwjD Ab¨ f¨vwi‡qej G †mU (Assign) Kiv hvq|

f¨vwjD 4

$m=4;

Assignment Acv‡iUi

f¨vwi‡qej m hvi f¨vwjD 4 $p=$m;

GLv‡b p Gi gvb n‡‛Q m Gi gvb myZivs p Gi gvb n‡e 4 $s= "Bangladesh";

GLv‡b s Gi f¨vwjD nj Bangladesh

<?php

$a = "Hello ";

$b = $a . "World!"; // now $b contains "Hello World!"

$a = "Hello ";

$a .= "World!"; // now $a contains "Hello World!"

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 79 (p79.php) Assignment Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

<?php

$someVariable = "anything";

$a = 3;

$b = 4;

87


$sum = $a + $b; // $sum now contains the value 7

?>


+= cvm BKzqvj (Plus Equal)

x+=y; x=x+y;

$a=3;

$a+=6; $a=$a+6;

myZivs a Gi gvb n‡e 9

$a+=6;

$a=$a+6; GKB wRwbm yBfv‡e wjLv hvq

$p+=2; $p=$p+2;

$x+=$y; $x=$x+$y;

<?php

$a=3;

$a+=4;

echo $a;

?>


<?php

$a=3;

$b=4;

$c=$a+$b;

$a+=$b;

echo $a;

echo $c;

?>


88


-= gvBbvm BKzqvj (Minus Equal)

x=x-y; Gi cwie‡Z© Avgiv wjL‡Z cvwi x-=y;

$x=5;

$x-=2;

GLv‡b $x gvb n‡e 3 <?php $a=8;

$a-=3;

echo $a;

?>


<?php

$a=12;

$b=2;

$c=$a-$b;

$a-=$b;

echo $a;

echo $c;

?>


*= B›Uz BKzqvj (Into Equal)

$x*=$y; $x=$x*y;

$p=3;

$p*=5;

myZivs p Gi gvb n‡e 15

KviY $p*=5; $p=$p*5;

=3*5;

=15;

89


$m=6;

$n=2;

$m*=$n; $m=$m*$n;

= 6*2;

=12;

myZivs m Gi gvb 12

<?php

$a=8;

$a*=3;

echo $a;

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 85 (p85.php) Assignment Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi| <?php

$a=12;

$b=2;

$c=$a*$b;

$a*=$b;

echo $a;

echo $c;

?>


/= wWwfkb BKzqvj (Division Equal)

$h/=$m; $h=$h/$m;

$n=12;

$n/=3; $n=$n/3;

=12/3;

=4;

n Gi gvb n‡e 4 $p=24;

$q=3;

$p/=$q;

p Gi gvb n‡e 8

90


<?php

$a=8;

$a/=2;

echo $a;

?>


<?php

$a=12;

$b=2;

$c=$a/$b;

$a/=$b;

echo $a;

echo $c;

?>


.= KbK¨v‡U‡bBkb BKzqvj (Concatenation Equal)

$x.=$y; $x=$x.$y;

$x=6;

$x.=8; $x=$x.8;

= 6.8

= 68

myZivs x Gi gvb n‡e 68

$p=2;

$m= 'a';

$c=$p.$m;

=2.a;

=2a;

myZivs c Gi gvb n‡e 2a

<?php

$a=8;

$a.=2;

91


echo $a;

?>


<?php

$a=12;

$b=2;

$c=$a.$b;

$a.=$b;

echo $a;

echo $c;

?>


<?php

$a= "Hello";

$a.= "world ";

echo $a;

?>


%= gwWDjvm BKzqvj Uz (Modulus Equal to)

$x%=$y; $x=$x%$y;

$x=18;

$x%=4; $x%=4;

$x=$x%4;

=18%4;

=2;

GLv‡b x Gi gvb n‡e 2 KviY Avgiv Rvwb, gwWDjvm me mgq fvM‡kl †`q| †mRb¨ 18 †K 4

w`‡q fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e 2

$m=14;

$n=3;

$m%=$n;

92


m Gi gvb n‡e 2;

$x=17;

$y=5;

$x%=$y;

$x=$x%$y;

=17%5;

=2;

<?php

$a=9;

$a%=2;

echo $a;

?>


<?php

$a=12;

$b=3;

$c=$a%$b;

$a%=$b;

echo $a;

echo $c;

?>


A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUim (Assignment Operators)

Operator Example Is The Same As

= x=y x=y

+= x+=y x=x+y

-= x-=y x=x-y

*= x*=y x=x*y

/= x/=y x=x/y

.= x.=y x=x.y

%= x%=y x=x%y

c-94

93


<?php

$a = 3;

$a += 5; // sets $a to 8, as if we had said: $a = $a + 5;

$b = "Hello ";

$b .= "There!"; // sets $b to "Hello There!", just like $b = $b . "There!";

?>


<?php

/*This Block of PHP Code represent the

use of PHP ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS*/

$x=5; //Variable „x‟ with value 5.

$y=3; //Variable „y‟ with value 3.

// Use of += operator.

$x+=$y;

echo „Result Of Addition: „;

echo $x;

echo „ ‟;

// Use of -= operator.

$x-=$y;

echo „Result Of Subtraction: „;

echo $x;

echo „ ‟;

// Use of *= operator.

$x*=$y;

echo „Result Of Multiplication: „;

echo $x;

echo „ ‟;

// Use of /= operator.

$x/=$y;

echo „Result Of Division: „;

echo $x;

echo „ ‟;

// Use of .= operator.

94


$x.=$y;

echo „Result Of Concatenation: „;

echo $x;

echo „ ‟;

// Use of %= operator.

$x%=$y;

echo „Result Of Modulus: „;

echo $x;

echo „ ‟;

// Use of = operator.

$x=$y;

echo „Result Of Assignment: „;

echo $x;

echo „ ‟;

?>


<?php

$a = 3;


$b = "Hello ";

$b .= "There!"; // sets $b to "Hello There!", just like $b = $b . "There!";

?>


<html>

<body>

<?php

$initial_value = 10;

$initial_value +=;

?>

</body>

</html>


95


<html>

<body>

<?php

$example_variable = “An example”;

$number_variable = 1;

?>

</body>

</html>


<?php

$my_var = 12;

$my_var += 14; // $my_var now equals 26

$my_var -= 12; // $my_var now equals 14

$my_var *= 10; // $my_var now equals 140

$my_var /= 7; // $my_var now equals 20

$my_var %= 6; // $my_var now equals 2

?>


<?php

$x = 45;

$x--;

echo $x;

$x -= 1;

echo $x;

$x = $x - 1;

echo $x;

?>


<?php

$x = 15;

$x++;

echo $x;

$x += 1;

96


echo $x;

$x = $x + 1;

echo $x;

?>


<?php

$counter = 8;

$counter += 1;

echo $counter;

?>


<?php

$counter = 8;

$counter = $counter + 1;

echo $counter;

?>


<?php

$a=($b=23)+12;

echo "Value of a is :".$a." ";

$a+=34;


$a-=34;


$a/=34;


echo "Value in integer data type of a is :".(int)$a." ";

$a*=34;


$a%=34;


echo "Value of b is :".$b;

?>

97


Output:

Value of a is :35

Value of a is :69

Value of a is :35

Value of a is :1.0294117647059

Value in integer data type of a is :1

Value of a is :35

Value of a is :1

Value of b is :23


<?php

$a = 3;


$b = "Hello ";

$b .= "There!"; // sets $b to "Hello There!", just like $b = $b "There!";?>


<?php

$a = 'a';

$b = 'b';

$a .= $b .= "foo";

echo $a,"\n",$b;

?>


<?php

$a = 3;


$b = "Hello ";

$b .= "There!"; // sets $b to "Hello There!", just like $b = $b . "There!";?>


A += B is the same as (A = A + B)

A -= B is the same as (A = A - B)

98


A *= B is the same as (A = A * B)

A /= B is the same as (A = A / B)

A %= B is the same as (A = A % B)

A &= B is the same as (A = A & B)

A |= B is the same as (A = A | B)

A ^= B is the same as (A = A ^ B)

A <<= B is the same as (A = A << B)

A >>= B is the same as (A = A >> B)

c-109 Assignment Acv‡iUim|

<html>

<head><title>Assignment Operators</title><head>

<body>

<?php

$a = 42;

$b = 20;

$c = $a + $b; /* Assignment operator */

echo "Addtion Operation Result: $c ";

$c += $a; /* c value was 42 + 20 = 62 */

echo "Add AND Assigment Operation Result: $c ";

$c -= $a; /* c value was 42 + 20 + 42 = 104 */

echo "Subtract AND Assignment Operation Result: $c ";

$c *= $a; /* c value was 104 - 42 = 62 */

echo "Multiply AND Assignment Operation Result: $c ";

$c /= $a; /* c value was 62 * 42 = 2604 */

echo "Division AND Assignment Operation Result: $c ";

$c %= $a; /* c value was 2604/42 = 62*/

echo "Modulus AND Assignment Operation Result: $c ";

?> </body> </html> †cÖvMÖvg bs 110 (p110.php) Assignment Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

99


<html>

<head>

<title>Using Assignment Operator</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Operator Assignment</h1>

<?

$x = 15;

echo ("\$x = $x ");

$x += 1 ;

echo ("\$x += 1 = $x ");

$x = 7;

echo ("\$x = $x ");

$x = $x + 2;

echo ("\$x = \$x + 2 = $x ");

$x = 87;

echo ("\$x = $x ");

$y = &$x;

echo ("\$y = &\$x = $x ");

$greeting = "good";

echo ("\$greeting = $greeting ");

$greeting .="night";

echo ("\$greeting .= good = $greeting");

?>

</body>

</html>


100


5.6: Kgc¨vwiRb Acv‡iUim (Comparison Operators)

= BR BKzqvj Uy (is equal to)

== BR BKzqvj Uz (ci ci `ywU "=" symbol Ges Gi `yÕcv‡k `ywU Acv‡iÛ Aek¨B _vK‡Z

n‡e|) Operands

5==3

is equal to

Dc‡ii Comparison Gi †iRvë wg_¨v n‡e, KviY 5 Ges 3 mgvb bq|

== Acv‡iUi wU †PK K‡i Zvi yÕcv‡ki `ywU Acv‡iÛ mgvb wK bv?

$a=6

$a==5 GwU wg_¨v (False) $b=6

$a==$b GwU mZ¨ (True)

KviY a Gi gvb 6 Ges b Gi gvbI 6. GRb¨ `ywU mgvb n‡q‡Q Ges KwÛkbwU mZ¨ n‡q‡Q|

$x= 9

$y= 2

$x==$y GwU wg_¨v

101


wPÎ (5.6.1): BR BKzqvj Uz Acv‡iUi Gi †d¬v-PvU©|

<?php

$x = 300;

$y = "300";

var_dump($x === $y);

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 112 (p112.php) Comparison Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

<?php

$x = 30;

$y = 25;


?>


<?php

$x = 3;

$y = 3;


?>


102


!= BR bU BKzqvj (is not equal)

A_©vr GwU Øviv eySvq, hw` GB Acv‡iUi Gi `yB cv‡ki `ywU Acv‡iÛ mZ¨ (mgvb/GKB

iKg) bv nq, Zvn‡j GwU mZ¨ (True) n‡e| Avi mZ¨ (mgvb/GKB iKg) n‡j, Gi gvb wg_¨v

(False) n‡e|

6!=3 GwU mZ¨ KviY, 6 Ges 3 mgvb bq|

6!=6 GwU wg_¨v KviY, 6 Ges 6 mgvb|

$a=5

$b=9

$a!=9 mZ¨

$a!=5 wg_¨v

$a!=$b mZ¨

$b!=$a mZ¨

9!=$a mZ¨

<?php

$x = 300;

$y = 300;

var_dump($x != $y);

?>


<?php

$x = 30;

$y = 300;

var_dump($x != $y);

?>


<?php

$x = 50;

103


$y = 50;

var_dump($y != $x);

?>


wPÎ (5.6.2): BR bU BKzqvj Acv‡iUi Gi †d¬v-PvU©| <?php 

$x = 150;

$y = "150";

var_dump($x != $y);

?>


> BR †MÖUvi †`b (is greater than)

GB Acv‡iUiwU †PK K‡i Wv‡bi Acv‡iÛwU ev‡gi †P‡q eo wK bv? hw` eo nq, Zvn‡j mwZ¨ nq|

Ab¨_vq wg_¨v|

var1>var2

var1 Aek¨B var2 Gi †P‡q eo n‡Z n‡e, Zvn‡j KwÛkbwU mwZ¨ n‡e|

104


5>2 GwU mwZ¨ KviY, 2 n‡Z 5 eo|

2>5 GwU wg_¨v (False) KviY 2,5 Gi †P‡q †QvU|

$a>$b

hw` $a eo nq Zvn‡j mwZ¨ n‡e, Avi $a †QvU n‡j wg_¨v n‡e| $a=6

$b=4

$a>$b mwZ¨

$a>10 wg_¨v

5>$a wg_¨v

wPÎ (5.6.3) : BR †MÖUvi †`b Acv‡iUi Gi †d¬v-PvU©|

<?php

$x = 200;

$y = 300;

var_dump($x > $y);

?>


<?php

$x = 30;

$y = 300;

var_dump($x > $y);

105


?>


<?php

$x = 50;

$y = 10;

var_dump($y > $x);

?>


< BR †jR †`b (is less than)

GwU greater than Gi D‡ëv|

var1<var2

var1,var2 Gi †P‡q †QvU n‡e, Zvn‡jB mZ¨ n‡e| Ab¨_vq wg_¨v n‡e|

6<8 GwU mZ¨ Kvib 6,8 Gi †P‡q †QvU|

$a=9

$b=6

$b<$a mZ¨ $a<$b wg_¨v

$a<15 mZ¨

wPÎ (5.6.4) : BR †jR †`b Acv‡iUi Gi †d¬v-PvU©|

<?php

$x = 100;

$y = 300;

106


var_dump($x<$y);

?>


<?php

$x = 50;

$y = 10;

var_dump($y < $x);

?>


<?php

$x = 45;

$y = 95;

var_dump($y > $x);

?>


>= BR †MÖUvi †`b Ai BKzqvj Uz (is greater than or equal to)

var1>=var2

var1 hw` var2 Gi †P‡q eo A_ev mgvb nq Zvn‡j mwZ¨ n‡e| Ab¨_vq wg_¨v n‡e|

5>=2 mwZ¨

6>=8 wg_¨v

9>=9 mwZ¨

$a=9

$b=6

$a>=9 mwZ¨ $a>=$b wg_¨v

107


wPÎ : (5.6.5) BR †MÖUvi †`b Ai BKzqvj Uz Acv‡iUi Gi †d¬v-PvU©|

<?php

$x = 300;

$y = 100;

var_dump($x>=$y);

?>


<?php

$x = 50;

$y = 10;

var_dump($y >= $x);

?>


<?php

$x = 45;

$y = 95;

var_dump($y >= $x);

?>


108


<= BR †jR †`b Ai BKzqvj Uz (is less than or equal to)

var1<=var2

var1 hw` var2 Gi †P‡q †QvU A_ev mgvb nq Zvn‡j mwZ¨ n‡e| Ab¨_vq wg_¨v n‡e|

5<=8 GwU mwZ¨ KviY, Wv‡bi Acv‡iÛ ev‡gi †P‡q †QvU|

$x<=$y

x hw` y Gi †P‡q †QvU nq Zvn‡j mwZ¨ n‡e|

x hw` y Gi †P‡q eo nq Zvn‡j wg_¨v n‡e|

$x=5

$y=8

$x<=$y mwZ¨

$x<=50 mwZ¨

$y<=$x wg_¨v

$x<=5 mwZ¨

wPÎ : (5.6.6) BR †jR †`b Ai BKzqvj Uz Acv‡iUi Gi ‡d¬v-PvU©|

<?php

$x = 300;

$y = 100;

109


var_dump($x<=$y);

?>


<?php

$x = 50;

$y = 10;

var_dump($y <= $x);

?>


<?php

$x = 45;

$y = 95;

var_dump($y <= $x);

?>


Kgc¨vwiRb Acv‡iUim (Comparison Operators)

Operator Description Example

== is equal to 5==8 returns false

!= is not equal 5!=8 returns true

> is greater than 5>8 returns false

< is less than 5<8 returns true

>= is greater than or equal to 5>=8 returns false

<= is less than or equal to 5<=8 returns true

c-131

<?php

$num1 = 9;

$num2 = 9;

$num3 = 22;

110


?>


<?php

//returns true if the variable on left is not equal to right..

$res = ($num1 <> $num2);

//returns false..

?>


<?php

//returns true if both variables are equal to each other

$res = ($num1 == $num2);

//returns true..

?>


<?php

//returns true if variable on left is less than or equal to right..

$res = ($num3 <= $num1);

//returns false

?>


<?php

//Returns true if the variable in left side is greater that the right..

$res = ($num3 > $num1);

//returns true..

?>


<?php $a = 3;

$b = 3;

$c = 10;

// all of the following are true

echo ($a == $b);

111


echo ($a != $c);

echo (8 === 8);

echo ("8" !== 8);

echo ($b < $c);

echo ($b <= $b);

echo ($c > $b);

echo ($c >= $c);

?>


<? php

$a=12;

$b=12;

var_dump ($a==$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a===$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a!=$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a<>$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a<$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a>$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a<=$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a>=$b);echo " ";

?>

Output:

bool(true)

bool(true)

bool(false)

bool(false)

bool(false)

bool(false)

bool(true)

bool(true)

112



<?php

var_dump("23"==23);

echo " ";

var_dump("23"===23);

Output:

bool(true)

bool(false)


<?php

$a=23;

$b=45;

$c=($a>$b)?$a:$b;

echo "Larger number is= ".$c;

Output:

Larger number is= 45


<?php

$var1 = 5;

$var2 = 3;

// Is Greater Than Comparison

echo $var1 > $var2; // should output a "1" meaning TRUE ?>


<?php

var_dump ("23"==23);

echo " ";

var_dump ("23"===23);

Output:

bool(true)

bool(false) †cÖvMÖvg bs 142 (p142.php) Comparison Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

113


<?php

// define some variables

$mean = 29;

$median = 40;

$mode = 29;

// less-than operator

// return true if left side is less than right

// return true here

$result = ($mean < $median);

// greater -than operator

// returns true if left side is greater than right

// return false here

$result = ($mean > $median);

// less than or equal to operator

// return true if left side is less than or equal to right

// return false here

$result =($median <= $mode);

// greater than or equal to operator

// return true if left side is greater than or equal to right

// return true here

$result = ($median >= $mode);

// equality operator

// return true if left side is equal to right

// return true here

$result = ($mean==$mode);

// not equal to operator

// return true if left side is not equal to right

// return true here

$result = ($mean != $mode);

// inequality operator

// return true if left side is not equal to right

// return true here

114


$result = ($mean <> $mode);

?>


<? php

$a=12;

$b=12;

var_dump ($a==$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a===$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a!=$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a<>$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a<$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a>$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a<=$b);echo " ";

var_dump ($a>=$b);echo " ";

?>

Output:

bool(true)

bool(true)

bool(false)

bool(false)

bool(false)

bool(false)

bool(true)

bool(true)


5.7: jwRK¨vj Acv‡iUim (Logical Operators)

&& (and)

GB Acv‡iUi wU‡K AND A_ev and Gfv‡e I wjLv hvq|

$variable1 && $variable2

hw` $variable1 Ges $variable2 KwÛkb `ywU mZ¨ nq, Zvn‡j Dc‡ii G·‡cÖkbwU mZ¨ n‡e|

Ab¨_vq wg_¨v n‡e|

115


5<6 && 12>10

mZ¨ KviY 12,10 †_‡K eo

mZ¨ KviY 5,6 ‡_‡K †_‡K ‡QvU

†h‡nZz `y‡Uv KwÛkbB mZ¨, †mRb¨ cy‡iv G·‡cÖkbwU mZ¨ n‡e (True/1)|

mZ¨ True 1 wg_¨v False 0

$a=6; $c=15;

$b=4;

$a>$b && $c>$b; mZ¨

$a>2 && $c>2; mZ¨

15<8 && 25>9 wg_¨v

GLv‡b, cÖ_g KwÛkbwU wg_¨v KviY, 15,8 †_‡K †QvU bv †mRb¨ GwU wg_¨v Ges wØZxq KwÛkbwU

mZ¨| †h‡nZz, Dfq KwÛkb mZ¨ bv, †mRb¨ GwU wg_¨v n‡q †Mj|

$x=6;

$y=15;

$z=2;

$x<$z && 2<15;

wg_¨v mZ¨

wg_¨v

wg_¨v

116


$z>$y && $y<$x

wg_¨v wg_¨v

wg_¨v

wg_¨v

A_©vr && (and) Acv‡iUi Gi †¶‡Î †h‡Kvb GKwU wg_¨v n‡jB wg_¨v|

`y‡Uv hw` mwZ¨ nq, Zvn‡j mwZ¨|

&& AND Gi †¶‡Î:

mZ¨ AND mZ¨ mZ¨

wg_¨v AND wg_¨v wg_¨v

mZ¨ AND wg_¨v wg_¨v

wg_¨v AND mZ¨ wg_¨v

<?php

$x = 300;

$y = 100;

var_dump($x<$y && 5>20);

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 145 (p145.php) Logical Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

<?php

$x = 50;

$y = 10;

var_dump($y <= $x && $x>$y);

?>


<?php

$x = 45;

$y = 95;

$p=5 ;

117


$q= 10 ;

var_dump($y > $x && $p< $q);

?>


|| Ai (or)

(or) Gfv‡eI wjLv hvq|

condition1 || condition2

KwÛkb 1 Ges 2 Gi †h †Kvb GKwU A_ev `ywU mwZ¨ n‡j cy‡iv KwÛkb mZ¨| Ab¨_vq wg_¨v

n‡e|

5==6 || 5<6 GwU mZ¨ KviY cÖ_g KwÛkb wg_¨v, wKš‘ wØZxq KwÛkbwU mwZ¨ †mRb¨ mwZ¨

n‡e|

$x=6;

$y=5;

$k=8;

$x>$y || $k>$y; mZ¨

$x==6||$k==5; mZ¨

$y==8 || $x<15;

wg_¨v mZ¨

mZ¨

mZ¨

$k==8 || $k==9

mZ¨ wg_¨v

118


mZ¨

mZ¨

$k<$y || $x==$y

wg_¨v wg_¨v

wg_¨v

wg_¨v

or Gi †¶‡Î `y‡UvB wg_¨v n‡j wg_¨v Ab¨_vq me mgq mZ¨|

|| OR/or Gi †¶‡Î:

mZ¨ OR mZ¨ mZ¨

wg_¨v OR wg_¨v wg_¨v

mZ¨ OR wg_¨v mZ¨

wg_¨v OR mZ¨ mZ¨

<?php

$x = 300;

$y = 100;

var_dump($x<$y || 5>20);

?>


<?php

$x = 50;

$y = 10;

var_dump($y <= $x || $x>$y);

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 149 (p149.php): Logical Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

119


<?php

$x = 45;

$y = 95;

$p=5 ;

$q= 10 ;

var_dump($y > $x || $p< $q);

?>


<?php

$x = 50;

$y = 10;

var_dump($y < $x || $x==50);

?>


! bU (not)

GwU‡K NOT (not) Gfv‡eI wjLv hvq|

!(5==5) GwU wg_¨v

!($v1==$v2)

GwU $v1 Ges $v2 wg‡j hv n‡e Zv‡K D‡ë w`‡e|

!(2= =2) GLv‡b 2 Ges 2 mgvb ZvB wfZ‡i mZ¨ n‡e, wKš‘, †h‡nZz GLv‡b !(NOT)

Av‡Q, ZvB GwU wg_¨v n‡e|

!(3= =3) wg_¨v

!(3= =9) mZ¨

†k‡li G·‡cÖkbwUi wfZ‡i wg_¨v n‡q‡Q, Avi wg_¨v‡K Dwë‡q (! bU) w`‡q Gi gvb mwZ¨ n‡q‡Q|

$x=5

$y=9

!($x<$y) wg_¨v

!($x>100) mZ¨

mZ¨ wg_¨v

wg_¨v mZ¨

120


!(2>5 && 6<10)

mZ¨ mZ¨

mZ¨

mZ¨

wg_¨v

wfZ‡i mZ¨ evB‡ii (! bU)Øviv wg_¨v n‡q‡Q|

<?php

$x = 300;

$y = 100;

var_dump !($x<$y || 5>20);

?>


<?php

$x = 50;

$y = 10;

var_dump !($x>$y);

?>


<?php $x = 45;

$y = 95;

$p=5 ;

$q= 10 ;

var_dump !($y > $x );

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 154 (p154.php): Logical Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi

121


<?php

$x = 50;

$y = 10;

var_dump !($y < $x || $x==50);

?>


jwRK¨vj Acv‡iUim (Logical Operators)

Operator Description Example

&& And x=6

y=3 (x < 10 && y > 1) returns true

|| Or x=6

y=3 (x==5 || y==5) returns false

! Not

x=6

y=3 !(x==y) returns true

C-156

<html>

<head>

<title>PHP Example</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

$a = 8;

$b = 3;

$c = 3;

echo ($a == $b) && ($c > $b)," ";

echo ($a == $b) || ($b == $c)," ";

echo !($b <= $c)," ";

?>

</body>

</html>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 157 (p157php) Logical Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|

122


<html>

<head><title>PHP Example</title></head>

<body>

<h1>PHP Variables - Temperature Comparison</h1>

<?php

$insideTemp = 10;

$outsideTemp = 20;

$compareTemp = false;

$currentMonth = "february";

$experimentMonth = "june";

$compareTemp = (($insideTemp > $outsideTemp)

&& ($currentMonth == $experimentMonth));

echo $compareTemp;

$compareTemp = (($insideTemp < $outsideTemp)

|| ($currentMonth == $experimentMonth));

echo $compareTemp;

?>

</body>

</html>


<?php

$a = 0;

$b = 'G';

$c = false;

// 3 lines added ...

var_dump((int) 'G'); // => 0

http://uk.php.net/manual/en/function.echo.php

http://uk.php.net/manual/en/function.echo.php

123


var_dump((bool) 0); // => false

var_dump((bool) 'G'); // => true

echo ($a == $b) ? "true\n" : "false\n"; // 0 == 0 => true

echo ($a == $c) ? "true\n" : "false\n"; // false == false => true

echo ($c == $b) ? "true\n" : "false\n"; // false == true => false

// 3 lines added ...

echo ($a === $b) ? "true\n" : "false\n"; // => false

echo ($a === $c) ? "true\n" : "false\n"; // => false

echo ($c === $b) ? "true\n" : "false\n"; // => false

?>


<?php

$a = 3;

$b = 3;

$c = 10;

// all of the following are true

echo ($a == $b);

echo ($a != $c);

echo (8 === 8);

echo ("8" !== 8);

echo ($b < $c);

echo ($b <= $b);

echo ($c > $b);

echo ($c >= $c);

?>


<?php

// --------------------

// foo() will never get called as those operators are short-circuit

$a = (false && foo());

$b = (true || foo());

$c = (false and foo());

$d = (true or foo());

124


// --------------------

// "||" has a greater precedence than "or"

// The result of the expression (false || true) is assigned to $e

// Acts like: ($e = (false || true))

$e = false || true;

// The constant false is assigned to $f and then true is ignored

// Acts like: (($f = false) or true)

$f = false or true;

var_dump($e, $f);

// --------------------

// "&&" has a greater precedence than "and"

// The result of the expression (true && false) is assigned to $g

// Acts like: ($g = (true && false))

$g = true && false;

// The constant true is assigned to $h and then false is ignored

// Acts like: (($h = true) and false)

$h = true and false;

var_dump($g, $h);

?>


<?php

// foo() will never get called as those operators are short-circuit

$a = (false && foo());

$b = (true || foo());

$c = (false and foo());

$d = (true or foo());

// "||" has a greater precedence than "or"

$e = false || true; // $e will be assigned to (false || true) which is true

$f = false or true; // $f will be assigned to false

var_dump($e, $f);

// "&&" has a greater precedence than "and"

$g = true && false; // $g will be assigned to (true && false) which is false

125


$h = true and false; // $h will be assigned to true

var_dump($g, $h);

?>


<?php

$a=TRUE; //1

$b=FALSE;//null 0

Echo “A has:”.(bool)$a;

echo”B has:”.(bool)$b;

echo “A AND B has: “;

echo $a && $b;

echo “A OR B has: “;

echo $a || $b;

?>


<?php

$a = true && false;

var_dump($a);

$b = false && true;

var_dump($b);

$c = true && true;

var_dump($c);

$d = false && false;

var_dump($d);

$a = true || false;

var_dump($a);

$b = false || true;

var_dump($b);

$c = true || true;

var_dump($c);

$d = false || false;

var_dump($d);

?>


126


<?php

$a=12;

$b=0;

$c=22;

$d=22;

echo "\$a && \$b =";

var_dump ($a && $b);

echo " ";

echo "\$c && \$d =";

var_dump ($c && $d);

echo " ";

echo "\$a || \$b =";

var_dump ($a || $b);

echo " ";

echo "\$c || \$d =";

var_dump ($c || $d);

echo " ";

?>

Output:

$a && $b =bool(false)

$c && $d =bool(true)

$a || $b =bool(true)

$c || $d =bool(true)


<?php

$a=0;

$b=45;

var_dump ($a and $b);

echo " ";

$a=10;

$b=45;


echo " ";

127


$a=NULL;

$b=45;


echo " ";

$a=10;

$b=45;

unset($b);


echo " ";

$a=0;

$b=45;

var_dump ($a or $b);

echo " ";

$a=10;

$b=45;


echo " ";

$a=NULL;

$b=45;


echo " ";

$a=10;

$b=45;

unset($b);


echo " ";

?>

Output:

bool(false)

bool(true)

bool(false)

128


bool(false)

bool(true)

bool(true)

bool(true)

bool(true)


129


130


wWwmkb †gwKs

(Decision Making)

6.1: KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›Um (Conditional Statements)

GKwU †cÖvMÖv‡g A‡bK ¸wj †KvW A_ev †÷Ug¨v›U _v‡K| me mgq †h †cÖvMÖv‡gi me ¸‡jv †KvW

KvR K‡i, Zv wKš‘ bq| wKQy wKQy †¶‡Î wKQy wKQy jvBb †KvW KvR Kiv bv Kiv Ab¨ †Kvb

KwÛkb Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i| †cÖvMÖv‡g hLb A‡bK ¸‡jv statement _v‡K, Zb¥‡a¨ wKQy

statement wbw`©ó wKQy KwÛkb Ges mZ¨ A_ev wg_¨v Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i KvR Ki‡e| A‡bK

mgq †cÖvMÖv‡g wewfbœ ai‡bi wWwmkb wb‡Z nq, Gi wWwmkb ¸‡jv wbf©i K‡i KwÛkbvj

statement Gi mZ¨/wg_¨vi Dci| GKevi UªvwdK wmMb¨vj Gi K_v fveyb, hLb Avcwb MÖxb

wmMb¨vj †`L‡eb-ZLb Mvwo Pvjv‡eb| Zvn‡j j¶¨ Ki‚Y, Mvwo Pvjv‡bv (Drive) Uv wbf©i Ki‡Q

wmMb¨vjUv MÖxb wK bv? Avevi Ab¨ w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‚Y, wmMb¨vjwU hLb †iW n‡e-ZLb Mvwo Pvjv‡bv

hv‡e bv| Zvn‡j Avgiv Gfv‡e wPš—v Ki‡Z cvwi, wmMb¨vj MÖxb n‡j (mZ¨) Mvwo Pj‡e, Ab¨w`‡K

wmMb¨vj ‡iW n‡j (wg_¨v) Mvwo Pj‡e bv| Avi G¸‡jv‡KB Avgiv e‡j _vwK jwRK¨vj wWwmkb|

GKevi wK †f‡e‡Qb, GB †h UªvwdK K‡›Uªvj wm‡÷g Avgiv †`wL-GwU wK w`‡q •Zwi Kiv n‡jv?

Avm‡j, GLv‡bI wKš‘ †cÖvMÖvwgs eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›U †K Zzjbv Kiv hvq

†hgb- GKwU bv¤vi 10 Gi †P‡q †QvU bvwK eo A_ev mgvb|

D`vniY:

8 wK 10 Gi †P‡q eo?

8 wK 10 Gi †P‡q ‡QvU?

8 wK 10 Gi mgvb?

15 wK 10 Ges 20 Gi g‡a¨?

24 wK 15 Ges 20 Gi g‡a¨?

6ô

Aa¨vq

131


wPÎ : (6.1.1) KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›U ‡d¬v-PvU©|

wPÎ: (6.1.2) KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›U †d¬v-PvU©|

132


6.2: KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›U mg~n

if statement: GB †÷Ug¨v›U eënvi Kiv nq wKQz †KvW‡K Gw·wKDU Kivi Rb¨ hw` wbw`©ó

KwÛkbwU mZ¨ nq|

if-else: GB †÷Ug¨v›UwU eënvi Kiv nq wKQy †KvW Gw·wKDU Kivi Rb¨ hw` KwÛkb mZ¨ nq

Avi wg_¨v n‡j Ab¨ wKQy Ask ‡KvW KvR Ki‡e|

if…..elseif….. else: wewfbœ eK †KvW †_‡K GKwU eK †KvW KvR Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ GB

†÷Ug¨v›UwU eëüZ nq|

switch: GB †÷Ug¨v›UwU A‡bK¸‡jv eK †KvW †_‡K GKwU eK †KvW †K wm‡j± Kivi Rb¨ KvR

Ki‡e| A_©vr A‡bK ¸‡jv eK †KvW †Ìqv _vK‡e, †hLvb †_‡K wbw`©ó †Kvb eK †KvW‡K myBP

(switch) wm‡j± Ki‡e|

6.3: Bd †÷Ug¨v›U (If Statement)

†cÖvMÖvwgs G Bd (if) n‡‛Q me‡P‡q kw³kvjx GKwU wWwmkb †gwKs †÷Ug¨v›U Ges GwU eënvi

Kiv nq †÷Ug¨v›U Gi Gw·wKDkb †K Kb‡Uªvj Kivi Rb¨ | g‡b Ki‚b, GKwU K¬vm †_‡K wKQy

msL¨K QvÎ evQvB Kiv n‡e| GLb cÖkœ n‡jv, wK‡mi wfwË‡Z evQvB Kiv n‡e? ai‚Y, Avgiv Zv‡ì

wmwRwcG (CGPA) Gi Dci wfwË K‡i evQvB Ki‡ev| hv‡ì wmwRwcG 3 Gi Dci Zv‡ì‡K

wm‡j± Ki‡ev| Zvn‡j ej‡Z nq, hw` CGPA 3 Gi Dci nq Zvn‡j †Zvgv‡K wm‡j± Kiv n‡e|

Avi G hw`wUB n‡‛Q if

if (expression)

statement

c-167

if (G·‡cÖkb)

†÷Ug¨v›U

A_ev,

if (G·‡cÖkb)

{

†÷Ug¨v›U

}

GKwU gvÎ †÷Ug¨v›U n‡j eªv‡KU bv w`‡jI P‡j, Avi w`‡j Amyweav †bB Z‡e G‡Ki AwaK

†÷Ug¨v›U n‡j Aek¨B eªv‡KU eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

if (expression)

133


statement

c-168

if(test Expression)

{

Statement x

}

statement y

GLv‡b if mZ¨ n‡j statement x KvR Ki‡e Avi if wg_¨v n‡j statement x KvR Ki‡e bv,

Z‡e if mZ¨/wg_¨v hvB †nvK, statement y KvR Ki‡eB| A_©vr, statement y †h‡nZz eªv‡K‡Ui

evB‡i myZivs if Gi mZ¨ wg_¨vi Dci GwU wbf©i K‡i bv|

wPÎ : (6.3.1) Bd †÷Ug¨v›U †d¬v-PvU©|

134


wPÎ : (6.3.2) Bd †÷Ug¨v›U †d¬v-PvU©|

135


wPÎ : (6.3.3) Bd †÷Ug¨v›U †d¬vPvU©|

wPÎ : (6.3.4) Bd †÷Ug¨v›U †d¬vPvU©|

if (condition)

{

// do a particular action only if TRUE

}

Bd †÷Ug¨v›U wmbU¨v·|

136


if(10>5)

{

echo "Dhaka";

}

Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g AvDUcyU Avm‡e Dhaka KviY 10,5 Gi †P‡q eo †mRb¨ Bd(if) wU mZ¨

n‡q‡Q|

if(8>10)

{

echo "Bangladesh";

}

Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g †Kvb AvDUcyU Avm‡ebv KviY 8,10 †_‡K eo bv †mRb¨ KwÛkbwU wg_¨v Ges

AvDUcy‡U Bangladesh †jLv †`Lv‡ebv|

wb‡Pi †cªvMÖv‡g if †÷Ug¨v›U eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| hw` 5 Gi †P‡q 7 eo nq Zvn‡j AvDUcyU

Avm‡e welcome Dhaka Ges Gi mv‡_ AvDUcyU Avm‡e welcome America| ‡h‡nZz 5

Gi †P‡q 7 eo, †m‡nZz GLv‡b AvDUcyU Avm‡e welcome Dhaka Ges Gi mv‡_ AvDUcyU

Avm‡e welcome America

<?php

if(7>5)

{

echo "welcome Dhaka";

}

echo "welcome America";

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 169 (p169.php) if †÷Ug¨v›U Gi eënvi|

Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e welcome Dhaka Avm‡e KviY, if KwÛkbwU mZ¨ (7,5

†_‡K eo) GQvovI AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e Welcome America †`Lv‡e|

<?php

if(15>20)

{


}

137



?>


Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z if KwÛkbwU wg_¨v KviY, 15,20 †_‡K eo bq| †mRb¨ if Gi wfZ‡ii

†KvWUzKz KvR Ki‡e bv| †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z ïay GKwU AvDUcyU Avm‡e, †mwU nj Welcome

America KviY, GwU Bd Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv|

<?php

$a=20;

$b=15;

if($a>$b)

{


}


?>


<?php

$variable = 5;

if ($variable == 5)

{

echo 'Equal to 5';

}

if ($variable == 6)

{

echo 'Equal to 6';

}

echo ' Do this either way..';

?>


138


<?php

$variable = 5;

if ($variable == 5)

echo 'Equal to 5';

if ($variable == 6)

echo 'Equal to 6';

echo 'Do this either way..';

?>


<?php

$kitten_image = 0;

$church_image = 1;

if ($kitten_image == 1) {

print ("<img src =images/kitten.jpg>");

}

if ($church_image == 1) {

print ("<img src =images/church.jpg>");

}

?>


<?php

$button = "pressed";

if ($button == "pressed") {

echo "I am alive and will now perform Sex Machine by James Brown";

}

?>


wb‡Pi †cÖvMªv‡g if †÷Ug¨v›U eënvi K‡i `yBwU msL¨vi g‡a¨ †KvbwU eo Zv AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e

†`Lv‡bv n‡‛Q|

139


<?php

if ($a > $b)

echo "a is bigger than b";

?>


<?php

if ($a > $b) {

echo "a is bigger than b";

$b = $a;

}

?>


<?php

// Number comparison

$a="C";

$b="X";

if ($a<$b)

{

echo $a."is smaller than".$b;

}

// Result : C is smaller than X

?>


<?php

define('NUMBER', 13);

$number = NUMBER;

if('13_2' == NUMBER) { echo('Why matched?'); };

if('13_2' == "{$number}") { echo('Why not matched?'); }

?>


140


<?php

$x = 1;

$y = 3;

echo ($x==1) ? "One" : ($y == 2) ? "Two" : "None";

?>


<?php

$x=1;

$y=3;

echo ($x==1) ? "One" : ( ($y==2) ? "Two" : "None" );

?>


<html>

<body>

<?php

$d=date("D");

if ($d=="Fri") echo "Have a nice weekend!";

?>

</body>

</html>


<html>

<body>

<?php

$d=date("D");

if ($d=="Fri")

{

echo "Hello! ";

echo "Have a nice weekend!";

echo "See you on Monday!";

}

?>

141


</body>

</html>


<?php

$x1=150;

$y1=120;

if ($x1>$y1)

echo "The value of x1 greater than y1";

?>


<?php

$x1=150;

$y1=120;

if ($x1>$y1)

{

echo "The value of x1 greater than y1. ";

echo "More than one statement within if statement.";

}

?>


<?php

$x1=150;

$y1=120;

$z1=140;

if ($x1>$y1)

{

if ($x1>$z1)

echo " x1 is greater than y1 and z1";

}

?>


<?php

$name = "Jimmy";

142


If ($name=="Jimmy") {

echo "Yes, your name is Jimmy!"; // echo makes the page displays what's i

n quotations.

}

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 187 (p187.php): if †÷Ug¨v›U Gi eënvi|

<?php

$month=date("M");

if ($month=="Aug")

{

echo "The month is August!";

echo "Have a nice day!";

}

?>


<html>

<body>

<?php

$str="PHP";

if ($str=="PHP")

echo "Condition is true.";

?>

</body>

</html>


<html>

<body>

<?php

$str="Learn PHP";

if ($str=="PHP")

echo "Condition is true.";

?>

</body>

143


</html>


<?php

$str="PHP";

if ($str=="PHP")

{ echo "Condition is true.";

echo "This will help to understand PHP better.";

}

?>


<html>

<body>

<?php

$number=100;

if ($number == 100) echo "one hundred";

?>

</body>

</html>


<?php

$a = 6;

if ($a > 5) {

echo "I evaluated the value of a";

echo "and found it to be";

echo "bigger than 5";

}

?>


<?php

$a = 6;

if ($a > 5) {

echo "Bigger than 5";

144


}

?>


<?php

$a = 6;

if ($a > 5) {


$b = $a;

}

?>


<?php

$a = 6;

$b = 10;

if ($a > 5) {


$b = $a;

}

echo $b;

?>


<?php

$number = 5;

if ($number <= 10)

{

echo "The number is less than or equal to 10.";

}

145


?>


<?php

$x = 11;

if($x > 10){

echo "$x is greater than 10";

}

?>


6.4: gvwëcj Bd †÷Ug¨v›U (Multiple If Statement)

GKB †cÖvMÖv‡g hLb ci ci KZ¸‡jv if (Bd) eënvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K, ZLb Zv‡K gvwëcj Bd

(multiple if) †÷Ug¨v›U ejv n‡q _v‡K|

if(expression)

statement x;

if(expression)

statement y;

if(expression)

statement z;

ai‚b Avcwb GKwU †MÖwWs wm‡÷g •Zwi Ki‡eb Avi †mLv‡b GKwU gvK© Avcbvi ‡MÖW Rvwb‡q

w`‡e|

$a=75

if($a<60)

echo "Fail";

if($a<=70 && $a>60)

echo "B";

if($a>70 && $a<100)

echo "A";

6.5: †b‡÷W Bd (Nested if)

GKwU if Gi wfZi hw` Av‡iKwU (GKvwaK) if _v‡K †mUv‡K nested if e‡j|

(1) if(expression)

146


{

(2) if(expression)

{

statement x

} (2)

} (1)

c-199 †b‡÷W if wmbU¨v·|

statement x KvR Ki‡e hw` 1 bv¤^vi Bd Ges 2 bv¤vi Bd `y‡UvB mZ¨ nq| hw` if (2) mZ¨

nq, Avi if (1) wg_¨v nq, Zvn‡j statement x KvR Ki‡ebv|

<?php

$a=10;

if($a>20)

{

if(a==10)

{

echo "This is True";

}

}

?>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 200 (p200.php) Nested if †÷Ug¨v›U Gi eënvi|

6.6: Bd.....Gjm (if….else)

Bd Gjm eënvi Kiv n‡j, `ywU eK †Kv‡Wi †h †Kvb GKwU eK KvR Ki‡e| GKwU

D`vniY w`‡j welqwU Av‡iv cwi®‹vi n‡e †hgb ai‚b, I‡qemvB‡U Avcwb Avcbvi B-†gBj Gi

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cvmIq©vW wVK _v‡K, Zvn‡j Avcbvi B-†gBj G cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡eb (A_©vr, successfully

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147


Dc‡ii D`vniY¸‡jv †_‡K eySv‡biv †Póv Kiv n‡jv-G ai‡bi wmPz‡q¨k‡b Avgiv if…..else

eënvi Ki‡ev|

if(condition)

statement X;

else

statement Y;

Dc‡i j¶¨ Ki‚b, hw` if mZ¨ nq, Zvn‡j statement x KvR Ki‡e| Avi hw` if wg_¨v nq,

Zvn‡j statement y KvR Ki‡e|

g‡b ivL‡eb else ZLbB KvR Ki‡e, hLb if wg_¨v n‡e| if mZ¨ n‡j else KvR Ki‡e bv |

IF (condition) THEN

{...statements...}

ELSE

{...statements...}

END IF;

c-201

if (condition)

code to be executed, when if condition is true;

else

code to be executed if, when if condition is false;

c-202

<html>

<body>

<?php

$d=date("D");

if ($d=="Fri")

echo "Have a nice weekend!";

else

echo "Have a nice day!";

?>

</body>

</html>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 203 (p203.php) if…..else †÷Ug¨v›U Gi eënvi|

148


if (15>10)

echo "Sima";

else

echo "Reba";

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wPÎ : (6.6.1) if else †d¬v-PvU©|

149


wPÎ : (6.6.2) if else †d¬v-PvU©|

wPÎ : (6.6.3) if else ‡d¬v-PvU©|

150


wPÎ : (6.6.4) if else ‡d¬v-PvU©|

$a=10;

if($a<15 && $a==12)

echo "Rima";

else

echo "Samia";

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Samia

$a<15 GwU mZ¨

$a= =12 GwU wg_¨v

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if(8>15)

echo "Dhaka";

else

{

echo "Dev";

151


echo "Rani";

}

if wg_¨v ZvB AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e Avm‡e Dev Ges Rani (DevRani) KviY, else Gi wfZi `ywU

echo Av‡Q|

if(3==3)

{

echo "South";

}

else

{

echo "Asia";

}

echo "Bd";

AvDUcyU n‡e South Ges Bd KviY, †k‡li echo "Bd" (if Ges else) Kv‡iv Dci wbf©i

K‡i bv|

<html>

<body>

<?php

$d=date("D");

if ($d=="Mon")

echo " Get ready for the week!";

else

echo "Have a good day!";

?>

</body>

</html>

†cÖvMÖvg bs 204 (p204.php) if…..else †÷Ug¨v›U Gi eënvi|

<? php

$kitten_image = 0;

$church_image = 1;

if ($kitten_image == 1) {

print ("<IMG SRC =images/kitten.jpg>");

152


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g¨v‡µvwgwWqv wWªgI‡qfvi

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d‡i· †UªwWs

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01712901842 ,01911223628

Email: [email protected]

www.bookbd.info

eyKwewW n‡‛Q evsjv‡`kx cÖ‡dkbvj evsjv eB mg~‡ni I‡qemvBU| †hLvb †_‡K Avcwb B -

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