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1
New Roles in Digital
Libraries...
José Borbinha<[email protected]>National Library of PortugalDirection of Services for Innovation and Development
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• “Digital Libraries”???• Issues and cases in digital libraries:
– the main cases• New content genres, metadata, ...
– about interoperability• Projects LEAF and TEL...
– about actors• The DELOS/NSF Working Group...
– ...one global vision, BND...• The National Digital Library (Portugal)
3
An historical perspective
Libraries and technology among the times...
4
A Computer Science’s perspective
ACM Computing Classification System (January 1998)
•...•H. Information Systems
– ...– H.3 Information Storage and Retrieval
• ...• H.3.7 Digital Libraries
– Collection– Dissemination– Standards– System issues– User issues
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A perspective of a traditional library
User Registered
AnonymousLibrarian
Actor
Creator Editor
Distributor
Preservation
Publication
Licensing Acquisition
RegistrationDissemination
Search
Digital Library
Access
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Use Cases (from the model)...• Publication
– Availability of a manifestation of a work (resource)...• Licensing
– Rules for the usage of an item of a resource...• Acquisition
– Ownership of a resource...• Registration
– Create metadata to describe the resource...• Dissemination
– Making aware the existence of a resource...• Search
– Searching of information about a work (resource discovery).• Access
– Visualization of a resource, duplication, ...• Preservation
– To keep the resource in good shape for access...
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Another view of the cases...
Acquisition Delivery by the publisherCapture by the libraryHarvesting by the library
Verification Medium integrityContent integrity Logical integrity
AuthenticationRegistration Metadata Bibliographic and content description
Installation and de-installationPreservationAccess
Preservation
Physical preservation Medium refreshingMedium migration
Logical preservation Format conversionEmulation
Intellectual preservation
Access Conditions of use Local accessRemote access
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• Genres (what?)– Information resource’s media, formats, type,
characteristics (on-line/off-line, dynamic resources, interactive resources, ...)
• Actors (who?)– Need to review concepts and roles (editor, creator,
contributor, translator, illustrator, distributor, owner, user, librarian, host, mediator, ...)
• Identifiers (where?)– Names, uniform names and identifiers, contextual names
and identifiers, persistency, ...
• Metadata (how?)– Bibliographic description, administration, structural
description, ..., creation versus reutilization, ...
Emerging issues...
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Bibliographic description of the resources
Bibliographic description and identification of the resources, such as titles, authors, indexing terms, classification, abstracts, surrogates, etc.
Administration of the resources
Administrative information about the resource, such as information about acquisition process and costs, rights, etc.
Preservation of the resources
Technical or management requirements for long term preservation.
Technical and structural description of the resources
Technical requirements to manipulate the resource (systems and tools), etc.
Access, usage and reproduction of the resources
Information about terms and conditions for access and reproduction, etc.
Administration of the metadata
Information about the other metadata classes, such as data of creation, origin, authenticity, terms and conditions for its usage, etc.
Classes of metadata
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Multiple perspectives for the "metadata" problem in the Digital Library...
Tecnology Perspective Metadata Schemas
- MARC21- UNIMARC- DCMES- ONIX- METS- EAD- EAC…
Metadata Implementations - The UNIMARC coding in ISO2709… - The MARC21 coding in ISO2709… - MARCXML: MARC coding in XML - A DCMES Schema coding in XML… - A DCMES Schema coding in RDF…
…
Metadata Structures - One file: myUNIMARCrecords.iso- One file: yourMARC21records.iso- One file: myUNIMARCrecords.xml- One file: yourMARC21records.xml- One file: myDCMESrecords.xml- One file: myDCMESrecords.rdf
…
Services and Interfaces - An HTTP/HTML based OPAC service- An OAI metadata harvesting service- A Z39.50- Bath search service- A ZING Web Service …
Conceptual Perspective
Contextual Perspective
Service’s Perspective
File and data structures
- IS2709- HTML- XML- RDF…
Protocols- HTTP - OAI- PMH- SOAP - Z39.50- WebServices
- ZING- ...
…
Reference Models - AACR- FRBR- CIDOC- MoReq…
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Interoperability in a networked world...
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LEAF
Linking and Exploring Authority Files
Funded by the European Commission under the 5th framework
IST programme
Started: March 2001
End: February 2004
http://www.leaf-eu.org
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The partners:
•Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, Lisbon•Biblioteca de Universidad Complutense, Madrid •British Library, London•Deutsches Literaturarchiv, Marbach•Forschungsstelle und Dokumentationszentrum für Österreichische Philosophie, Graz•Goethe- und Schiller-Archiv, Weimar•Institut Mémoires de l'édition contemporaine, Paris•Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna•University of Bergen, Bergen •Swiss National Library, Bern•National and University Library, Ljubljana, •Riksarkivet, Stockholm
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LocalAuthority
Data
User InterfaceAnnotation Manager
LinkingManager
Update Manager
CNAFCommon NameAuthority File
LocalOPACs
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Feasibility study concerning (Feb. 2001 – July 2003)
• Interoperability across Europe’s national libraries
• Combining the resources of Europe‘s national libraries
• Groundwork to establish pan-European services
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Partners• European national libraries of United Kingdom,
Germany, The Netherlands, Switzerland, Portugal, Finland, Italy, Slovenia, Conference of European National Librarians (CENL), Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico, Italy (ICCU-Italy)
• Combining the resources of Europe‘s national libraries
• Groundwork to establish pan-European services
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Work packages:
• WP 1:Publisher relations• WP 2:Business plans and models• WP 3:Metadata development• WP 4:Interoperability testbeds• WP 5:Dissemination and use• WP 6:Management
DELOS/NSF Working Group
Reference Models forDigital Libraries:
Actors and Roles
http://www.delos-nsf.actorswg.cdlib.org/
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WG MembersDELOS (Europe)• José Borbinha, National Library of
Portugal (DELOS coordinator)• Michel Mabe, Elsevier Science, UK
(Publishing industry)• Peter Mutschke, Social Science
Information Centre, Germany (Software agents, Information Retrieval)
• Hans-Jörg Lieder, Berlin State Library, Germany (LEAF project)
NSF (USA)• John Kunze, University of California,
USA (NSF coordinator)• Barbara Tillett, Library of Congress,
USA (Libraries)• Becky Dean, OCLC, USA (Libraries
services)• Angela Spinazze, USA (Museums)• Howard Besser, University of
California, USA (Multimedia and digital art production)
DCMI - Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
• Warwick Cathro, National Library of Australia
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Purpose of Actors Working Group
“… to develop a reference model describing the different classes of actors related to the problem of the Digital Library, including their roles and implications.”
- traditional entities (authors, editors, publishers) - non-traditional (users, catalogers, ref. librarians)- emerging (software agents, mediators, special rights holders)
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Actors in Digital Libraries???
... are persons, organizations, and automata that play roles in the production, dissemination, management and use of digital information.
22
Results
• White paper:– Definition and introduction to the problem.– Description and analysis of the requirements.– Proposal to the community for a reference model.– Proposals for an international agenda for further
technical and collaborative developments.
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Digital Library
Services
User
Professional
Agent
Generic framework (1/2)
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Generic framework (2/2)
Digital Library
Services
User
Professional
Agent
Digital Library Services
User
Professional
Agent
Digital Library
25
HTTP://BND.BN.PTThe National Digital Library
Internal Creator
Registration
IdentifierManagement
Cataloguing
Digitization
Storage
Local Edition
RemoteAccess
Preservation
Internal Digitizer
Librarian
TechnicianUser
LocalAccess
Publication
External Actor
Dissemination andresource discovery
Deposit
Access
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• Publication (Collection building)– External deposit (digitized and digital born contents)– Local edition (creation of our own resources...)– Digitization (from our own digitization program...)
• Registration and storage– Structural metadata (XML, METS...)– Identifier management (URN/PURL)– Cataloguing (UNIMARC, ...)
• Preservation– Short-medium term management– Long-term physical and logical preservation
• Access (who, how, when, why, ...)– Local access versus remote access (URN/PURL resolution)– On-line versus off-line
• Dissemination and Resource Discovery– Traditional interfaces and services
• OPACs (PORBASE and specialized services)• Thematic indexes
– New interfaces and services• Z39.50• OAI-PMH (DCMES, UNIMARC, XML...)• ZING (Web Services...)• ...bring up the “deep web” (RSS, ...)