2020

the EvolutionaryCity 陸國富 簡聖芬老師指導

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

1995Light Rail Transit operated

1996KL Tower built

1998XVI Commonwealth Games

1974KL became a Federal Territory

2001Putrajaya was declared a Federal Territory, the administrative and judicial functions of the government were shifted from KL to Putrajaya

2020 Kuala Lumpur - A World Class CityGOALS- To enhance the role of Kuala Lumpur as an international commercial and financial centre.- To create an efficient and equitable city structure.- To enhance the city living environment.- To create a distinctive city identity and image.- To have an efficient and effective governance.

2003Monorail operated

2016Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit expected to be operated

1963KL remain the capital of formation of Malaysia

1957The Federation of Malay gained independence from British rule

1942KL captured by the Imperial Japanese Army

1945Japanese Surrendered

1857Tin mine found at the wetland between Klang River and Gombak River

1999Petronas Twin Tower built

Malaysia13 States and 3 Federal Territories

Kuala LumpurCapital of MalaysiaCoordinates: 3°8’51’’N 101°41’36’’EArea: 243.65 sq.kmPopulation: 1.9 millions (politic region) 7.2 millions (metropolitan)Desntiy: 7798/sq.kmEthnic Structure :- Malay & Bumiputra 38%- Chinese 43%- Indians 10%- Others 1%- Foreigners 8%

MalaysiaMalaysiaMalaysia13 St t d 3 F13 States and 3 Fede oriesl Territoe Terra oorTerTerlaerer13 States and 3 Federal Te13 States and 3 Federal Te oriesoriesl Territol Territol Tl Tererralra oooorrTerTerTerrel l Tl Tl Tl Tl Tl Tl eeral Teral TeTeTerara TeTeTe

umpurKuala LumKuala Lumumpurmpurpurururrpururpururpururppupppummummp alaysiaCapital of MalCapital of Malalaysiaalaysiaalaalalaal

Coordinatess: 3 8 51 N 101 41 36 EE01 6ssCoordinates: Coordinates: : 3°8’51’’N 101°41’36’’E: 3°8’51’’N 101°41’36’’EEEEEEEEE00: s: : 3: 243.65 sq.kmArea: 243.6Area: 243.6243.65 sq.km43.65 sq.km243.6243.6243.643.6

p (p tic region)PPPopulation: 1.9 millions (politiPopulation: 1.9 millions (politic region)ic region)titititiPoPPoP( tropolitan)v 7.2 millions (metro7.2 millions (metroropolitan)opolitan)rorororororo2 mmmm

Desntiy: 7798/sq.kmyDesntiy: 7798/sq.kmDesntiy: 7798/sq.kmDesnDes Ethnic Structure :Ethnic Structure :Ethnic Structure :

y p 38%y py py py- Malay & Bumiputra 38- Malay & Bumiputra 38 38%38%Malay & Bumiputra alay & Bumiputra & Bumiputra 38Bumiputra 3Malay & Bumiputra 38Malay & Bumiputra 38 38%3888Malay & Bumiputra Malay & Bumiputra ay & Bay & B C 43%Chinese C CC - Chinese - C 43%43%Chinese hinese Chinese Chinese

10% Indians ans 10% 10%10%- Indians - Indians ns n 10%0% Others 1% %1%1%- Others - Others 1%1% - OtO

g 8%- Foreigners - Foreigners 8%8% 8%%%%

Batu Caves

Sungai Buloh

Petaling Jaya

Ampang

Shah Alam

Subang Jaya

Klang

PuchongSeri Kembangan

Cheras

Kajang

Putrajaya

KLIA0 2 4 6 8 km

Shhah Alam

Suu

Klang

NationalArt Gallery

NationalLibrary

HospitalKuala Lumpur

Club SultanSulaiman

Masjid JamekKampung Baru

IstanaBudaya

NationalMosque

DataranMerdeka

CityHall

KL Tower PetronasTwin Tower

1880The state capital of Selangor moved from Klang to Kuala Lumpur

1881Structures of wood and atap destroyed after a fire following a floodDestroyed building replaced with new brick buildings with chracterised by “five foot ways” resulted a dinstinct eclectic shop house architecture

1896KL became the capital of Federated Malay StatesFirst school and major tapioca mill built

1890Road access expanded with main arterial roads of Ampangroad, Pudu Road, Petaling Road

1886A railway line between KL and Klang opened

Weather

100

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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC YEAR

Precipitation

Max. Temperature

Min. Temperature

Avg. Min.

Avg. Max.

N

S

EW

NW NE

SW SE

1110

98765

43

21

N

S

EW

NW NE

SW SE

10

9

8

765

432

1

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S

EW

NW NE

SW SE

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

N

S

EW

NW NE

SW SE

9

8

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6

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1

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NW NE

SW SE

8

7

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2

1

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NW NE

SW SE

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

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S

EW

NW NE

SW SE

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

N

S

EW

NW NE

SW SE

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

N

S

EW

NW NE

SW SE

2224

2018161412108642

N

S

EW

NW NE

SW SE

1112

10987

654321

N

S

EW

NW NE

SW SE

222426

201816141210

8642

N

S

EW

NW NE

SW SE

11121314

10987654321

Temperature & Preciptation Wind Rose Chart

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Kuala Lumpur has a Tropical Rainforest Climate which is warm and sunny, along with abundant rainfall, especially during the Northeast Monsoon Season from October to March.

Site’s SectionsSiteKlang

River Site

0 100 200 300 400 m

Section Aa Section Bb

0 100 200 300 400 m

a

A

B

b

Cultural ElementsTypology of the Tradisional Malay House

The Warung

The Street

The Pasar

1- 5 million5-10 million> 10 million

Urban Agglomerations

1975

2009

2025

Urban

Urban

Urban

都市化 The Beginning工業革命機器取代人力，大規模工廠化生產取代個體生產

建築高密度垂直化生長19世紀末芝加哥大火後第一棟摩天樓出現

人口大量地湧入

基礎建設結構產生 供水系統 污水系統 電力系統 通訊系統 交通系統

Progress

聚集人口，社會互動增加，助長創新發明

綠地減少

Issues地勢偏低大雨來襲時容易引發閃電水災

Future

Multiple

Circular

Responsive

Programs高密度化下的都市應有著更多樣化的空間類型，不是只有現在普遍上的商辦，住宅，購物中心等，應該含納更過的空間類型，例如城市農場，農田，回收，林場等。而這些空間的組合則透過容積的設定來使得都市的環境呈現出最佳化。

Activities高密度的城市裡應該融入更多元的活動出現，要務農，牧牛不需要到郊野。孩童可以無懼的在都市裡奔跑玩耍。

Access在現有的環境下，個人擁有的交通工具還是佔有著地面層的大部分，高密度的都市下，人們應該擁有更多的活動空間，自由的交通工具的優先順序應該逆轉為最低，把空間讓出給人們使用。而且，在密集的分布下人們的移動應該可以更便捷，形成一個無車的城市。

Resource現在都市中的資源來源很多時候都是從都市周邊的地區提供支持著，往往需要長途的運輸來進行。在世界資源逐漸減少的狀況下，都市應該考慮自己的資源來源，從日常的食物原料，能源的產生，消耗物的再利用，森林綠地等。

Waste都市的廢棄物往往會比上周邊的地區高上許多。當都市可以自行消化自己的廢棄物，進行回收再循環利用時，這樣都市對於周邊環境來說就會變得比較友善。

Social高密度化的都市應該是共享，互助，創造更緊密多元的人際關係。這些更多的討論互動將會使人們的創新發明更容易被啟發。讓原始的馬來村落的社交共享關係可以繼續延續下去。

Environment都市在逐漸的擴張，建構時以當地的條件來做最佳化的變化。而且，也應該是個低碳排放的城市，減少使用個人汽車，機車。

Neighborhood在都市化的過程中，建築建起的順序不是同時間發生的。所以當建築在發展的時候應該是隨著周遭的鄰近建築，空間進行對應，串聯等。

Culture現今的亞洲城市時常在高密度的都市發展下常常會出現了沒有個性，受西方國際樣式的影響下，都市是去了自己原有的一些特色。所以未來在高密度發展下，還是應該要保有自己原有的文化特色，保留原本就已經存在的一些好的空間品質，讓它可以延續下去。

建築失去了辨識性，國際樣式充斥

碳排放量增加，私有交通工具增加，空氣汙染日趨嚴重

CO2

Urban Area (km )2Population Density (/km )2 No. of High-Rise

0 20 40 60 km

Hong Kong 7,108,100 1098 6,217 7,685

Tokyo 8,653,502 617 14,400 2,702

Taipei 2,618,772 272 9,634 247

Singapore 5,183,700 694 7,315 4,368

Urban Footprint Figure Ground

Taipei 101

Republic Plaza

IFC

Empire State Building

Tokyo Sky Tree

New York 8,175,133 1,.214 10,630 5,924

土地高度工商化，產生大量就業機會人們離開村莊和農田湧入城市

土地利用需要更密集的開發

有效率提供較佳的資源 醫療 教育

能源 住所

交通 購物

節約能源

城市足跡擴散

- CO2 emmissions increase 221% since 1990- Population Car ownership

67%

1991

2007

276%

1991

2007

住宅單位供應不足，人口大量離開城市到鄰近衛星城市居住，人口外流大於人口湧入

資源不足

日照與下雨量多，遮簷，樹蔭需求大

Repulsor

Urban DesignContext- PhysicalTopographyRiverForest

Zoning Density

Rules-Initial stateDevelop or Undevelop?

HeritageRail Developed

Developed Undevelop

Undevelop Develop

GenerativeDensityZoningLots’ SizeHeight

- CulturalTransportation SystemsLandmarksPublic BuildingsOpen Spaces

By using the contexts surrounding the site, can affect the height and size of the plots in the site.

The possible attractor and repulsor can decide by below:

Distance

Atrraction

Repulsion

Transportation

Priority

Water Body

Commercial

Residential

Mixed Use Residential

Public

Height Lot’s size

Rail

Riverfront

Heritage

View from landmarks

View to forest

Context Height Size

Attractor

Attractor

Attractor

Repulsor

Repulsor

-

-

Repulsor

Repulsor

Building Design

Setting the basic profile size

Determines if the profile generatedfulfill the Plinth Area

Determines if the floor number thatfulfill the Plot Ratio

Divide blocks and set distance between

Divide blocks and set area, distance between

Divide blocks and set distance,rotation between

Divide blocks and set no. of floors and distance between

Divide blocks and set area, distance,rotation between

Divide blocks and set no. of floors and distance betweenDivide blocks and set no. of floors and distance between

Configurations Finding

ParametersService Core

Five Foot Way

Insolation

Shadow Coverage

Wind

Open Space

Unit’s Size

Form Finding 1 - Block

The NEXT......

Building Design

Form Finding 2 - PanelPanel with fixed surface areawith vary heights and width

Panel with fixed surface areawith vary heights, offset distance,distance and rotation

Panel with fixed surface areawith vary heights, offset distance,distance and rotation with a curve

Scale and rotation bymanual input

Flow with curve with scalable floor slab

Flow with curveFlow with curve