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SUNGARD SUMMIT 2007 | sungardsummit.com 1

A Community of Learning

Introduction to SQLPresented by: Jennifer Flagel

George Mason University

March 20, 2007

Course ID 1113

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Introduction

SQL = Structured Query Language

Communicate the benefits of learning SQL

Provide a basic understanding of relational databasestructures

Translate Banner application data to its underlying

Oracle

source Introduce basic SQL commands for querying Banner

data

Use the MicrosoftAccess SQL editor to perform

simple queries against sample General Person data

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Benefits of SQL

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Why Learn SQL?

Improves your abil ity to articulate requirements totechnical staff.

Assists in defining population selection rules in Banner.

Enhances your understanding of how Banner operates.

Provides greater flexibili ty for more complex queries.

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Relational Database

Structure

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Relational Data Model

Each table consists of columns and rows that describe aset of related items (eg., people).

Each row represents a single entity (eg., a person).

Each column represents an attribute of that entity (eg.,first name, last name, ID number).

Every row in a table must be uniquely identified by the

same attribute or set of attributes, defined as theprimary key (eg, PIDM).

Each table is related to one or more other tables througha shared attribute, defined as the foreign key (eg, PIDM).

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Sample Relational Table

Each row contains a combination of attributes

that represents a single entity (person).

Each column represents a specific

attribute of all entit ies (people).

Each row is uniquely

identified by the primary key.

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Linking Relational Tables

SPRIDEN

SPRIDEN_PIDM

SPRIDEN_ID

SPRIDEN_LAST_NAME

SPRIDEN_FIRST_NAME

SPRIDEN_CHANGE_IND

SPBPERS

SPBPERS_PIDM

SPBPERS_SSN

SPBPERS_BIRTH_DATE

SPBPERS_SEX

SPRADDR

SPRADDR_PIDM

SPRADDR_STREET_LINE1

SPRADDR_CITY

SPRADDR_STAT_CODE

SPRADDR_ZIP

These tables are related through the shared PIDM attribute.

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Related General Person Data

The shared PIDM links identification, biographic, and

demographic data from multiple tables with minimal redundancy.

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Translating Between

Banner and Oracle

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Banner Schemas

Banner data is grouped by process area, similar to theBanner menu structure

Tables are grouped by owner, or schema

GENERAL owns general tables (G%) SATURN owns student tables (S%)

TAISMGR owns accounts receivable tables (T%)

FAISMGR owns financial aid tables (R%)

FIMSMGR owns finance tables (F%) PAYROLL owns payroll tables (P%)

POSNCTL owns employee tables (N%)

ADISMGR owns alumni/development tables (A%)

BANSECR owns security tables (subset of G%) BANINST1 owns Object:Access views

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Same convention as form names

First letter describes Banner system

Second letter describes module within that system

Third letter describes type of table

V = validation table

B = base table

R = repeating table Fourth-Seventh letters describe content

Banner Table Names

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Replace third character with V, R, or B STVATYP form = STVATYP table

SPAIDEN form = SPRIDEN table

SPAPERS form = SPBPERS table Multiple form blocks represent multiple tables

SPAIDEN ID = SPRIDEN

SPAIDEN Address = SPRADDR

SPAIDEN Telephone = SPRTELE SPAIDEN Biographical = SPBPERS

Use Help>Dynamic Help Query to view table and columnname

Translating Banner Forms to Tables

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Column name prefaced by table name SPRIDEN_PIDM SPRIDEN_LAST_NAME

Validated columns reference validation table and end in_CODE SPRADDR_ATYP_CODE = STVATYP_CODE SPRIDEN_NTYP_CODE = STVNTYP_CODE

Indicator columns end in _IND

SPRIDEN_CHANGE_IND SPBPERS_DEAD_IND

Repeating rows ordered by _SEQNO column SPRADDR_SEQNO

SPRTELE_SEQNO

Other Naming Conventions

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Basic SQL Commands

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SQL Syntax

ANSI approved standard

Proprietary variations

Must support standard keywords

Oracle uses SQL*Plus

Basic command structure:

SELECT column

FROM table

[WHERE condition]

[ORDER BY column];

Sample query to select name and ID for all entities:

SELECT spriden_last_name, spriden_first_name, spriden_idFROM spriden;

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Common Statements

DESC table

Produces list of columns and properties

SELECT *

Selects all columns from specified table

SELECT DISTINCT column

Displays unique rows for selected columns

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Conditions and Operators

WHERE clause specifies any number of conditions AND must satisfy all conditions OR must satisfy at least one condition ( ) used to group and prioritize conditions

Operators are used to compare values

Values must conform to data type of column Character and date values enclosed in single quotes

Character values case sensitive Date values format sensitive Default date format set locally (eg: DD-MON-YYYY)

= equal to not equal to < less than

> greater than

BETWEEN includes start and end values IN specifies a list of values LIKE must be used with wildcard

IS NULL absence of any value NOT negates other operators

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Describe SPRIDENDESC spriden;

Select all columns from SPRIDEN

SELECT *FROM spriden;

Select ID and name for all rows in SPRIDENSELECT spriden_id, spriden_last_name, spriden_first_name

FROM spriden; Select current ID and name for all persons, ordered by

last name and first name

SELECT spriden_id, spriden_last_name, spriden_first_name

FROM spridenWHERE spriden_change_ind IS NULL

AND spriden_entity_ind = P

ORDER BY spriden_last_name, spriden_first_name;

Practice 1: Basic queries

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Joins

Joins are used to select data from mult iple tables.

Each join connects two related tables.

Inner join (also called natural join) selects only those

rows where the shared attribute exists in both tables. Outer join selects all rows from one table regardless of

whether the shared attribute exists in the other.

Left outer join selects all rows from first table regardless of

match in second table. Right outer join selects all rows from second table

regardless of match in first table.

New join syntax for Oracle 9i and higherSELECT column

FROM table1

JOIN table2

ONtable1.column =table2.column;

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Practice 2: Inner Join

Select current name, ID, and birth date for all persons

SELECT spriden_last_name, spriden_first_name,

spriden_id, spbpers_birth_date

FROM spriden

JOIN spbpers

ON spriden_pidm = spbpers_pidm

WHERE spriden_change_ind IS NULL

AND spriden_entity_ind = P;

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Practice 2: Left Join




FROM spridenLEFT JOIN spbpers


WHERE spriden_entity_ind = P

AND spriden_change_ind IS NULL;

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Practice 2: Right Join




FROM spridenRIGHT JOIN spbpers




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Practice 2: Multiple Joins

Select current name and gender for all persons withmailing address in Virginia

SELECT spriden_last_name, spriden_first_name, spbpers_sex



JOIN spraddr

ON spriden_pidm = spraddr_pidm


AND spraddr_atyp_code = MA

AND spraddr_stat_code = VA;

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Subqueries

Produce subset of data for reference in another query

Can be used as table in FROMSELECT column

FROM(SELECT column

FROM table)

WHERE condition;

Can be used as a condition in WHERESELECT column

FROM table

WHERE column operator

(SELECT columnFROM table);

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Practice 3: Subquery in FROM

Select current name and ID for all persons withoutconfidential indicator

SELECT spriden_last_name, spriden_first_name, spriden_id

FROM spridenLEFT JOIN

(SELECT spbpers_pidm

FROM spbpers

WHERE spbpers_confid_ind = Y)



AND spbpers_pidm IS NULL;

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Practice 3: Subquery in WHERE

Select current name and ID for all persons withoutmailing address


spriden_idFROM spriden


AND spriden_pidm NOT IN

(SELECT spraddr_pidmFROM spraddr

WHERE spraddr_atyp_code = MA);

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Aggregate Functions

Perform mathematical summaries over a group of rows

MIN

MAX

COUNT AVG

SUM

Results in an aggregate total for each uniquecombination of selected columns

Must specify non-aggregate columns in GROUP BY

SELECT column1, column2, SUM(column3)

FROM tableWHERE condition

GROUP BY column1, column2;

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Select count of persons by ethnicity and gender

SELECT spbpers_ethn_code, spbpers_sex,

COUNT(spriden_pidm)




AND spriden_change_ind IS NULL

GROUP BY spbpers_ethn_code, spbpers_sex;

Practice 4: Aggregation

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Advanced Options

Aliases

Concatenation

Literals

Substitution Variables

Calculations

Set Operators

UNION INTERSECT

MINUS

Character Strings

Substring Instring

Data Type Conversions TO_DATE

TO_NUMBER

TO_CHAR Formats

UPPER

LOWER

NVL CASE

DECODE

ROUND

TRUNC

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Practice 5: Aliases and Substitution Variables

Select most recent mailing address for a student.

SELECT s.spriden_id ID, a.*

FROM spriden s

JOIN spraddr aON s.spriden_pidm = a.spraddr_pidm

JOIN (select spraddr_pidm, spraddr_atyp_code,

MAX(spraddr_seqno) maxseq

FROM spraddrGROUP BY spraddr_pidm, spraddr_atyp_code) b

ON a.spraddr_pidm = b.spraddr_pidm

AND a.spraddr_atyp_code = b.spraddr_atyp_code

AND a.spraddr_seqno = b.maxseqWHERE spraddr_atyp_code = MA

AND spriden_id = :ID


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Practice 5: Concatenation and Literals

Select full name for all persons

SELECT spriden_first_name|| ||spriden_mi

|| ||spriden_last_name name

FROM spriden

WHERE spriden_id = :ID


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Practice 5: Format Using CASE

Select count of persons by gender description (Male,Female, or Unknown).

SELECT CASE WHEN spbpers_sex = F

THEN FemaleWHEN spbpers_sex = M

THEN Male

ELSE Unknown

END gender,

COUNT(spbpers_pidm) total

FROM spbpers

GROUP BY spbpers_sex;

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Practice 5: Format Using NVL

Select all active addresses.

SELECT *

FROM spraddr

WHERE NVL(spraddr_status_ind, A) = A;

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Exercises

Use Microsoft Access SQL editor to practice writingqueries against the sample tables

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Learning More

Training

SQL*Plus user manuals

Online resources

View generated SQL

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Questions and Answers

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Thank You!

Jennifer Flagel

[email protected]

Please complete the online class evaluation form

Course ID 1113

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2006 SunGard. All rights reserved.

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