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Chapter-2
Traya Upastambha
The Three supportive pillars ofHuman life
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TRAYA UPASTAMBHA(Three supportive pillars of humanLife)
Aahara
Nidra Brahmacharya
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Traya Upastambha (Three supports)
1. Aahara (Diet)
2. Nidra (Sleep)
3. Brahmacharya (Chastity)
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AAHARA (DIET)
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Definition of Aahara
– The solid and liquid food swallowed and drunk through mouth and passed through esophagus
is called Aahara.
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IMPORTANCE OF AAHARA - 1
Importance of Aahara:- 3 Doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha)
- 7 Dhatu (Rasa, Rakta, Mansa,
Meda, Asthi, Majja, Shukra)
- 3 Malas (Mutra, Purisha andSweda)
Are the roots of human body.
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IMPORTANCE OF AAHARA - 2
As the roots of the plants give support to andnourish the plant, similarly Dosha-Dhatu-Malasupport the body.
- In this process, they need nourishment, whichis supplied by appropriate Aahara.
- Aahara keeps equilibrium of Dosh-Dhatu-Mala,which is necessary to prevent the disease.
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Proper diet Improper diet
Health Disease
Diet
1. Solid2. Semisolid
3. Liquid
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Diet
1. Asheetam (Particles e.g. Rice)
2. Khadeetam (To cut e.g. Bread)
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3. Pitam (To drink e.g. Soup)
4. Lidham (Apply on tongue e.g. Pickles)
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CLASSIFICATION OF
AAHARA (DIET)
Cl ifi ti f A h (Di t)
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No.
On the basis of Classification Examples
1 Consistency of food 1) Ghana (Solid)
2) Alpa Ghana (Semisolid)
3) Drava (Liquid)
1) Almond
2) Gruel
3) Milk
2 Nature of food 1) Ashita
2) Khadita
3) Peeta
4) Leedha
1) Rice
2) Bread
3) Milk
4) Jam
3 Potency of food 1) Ushna (Hot)
2) Sheeta (Cold)
1) Black pepper
2) Ghruta
4 Rasa (Taste) of food 1) Madhura (Sweet)
2) Amla (Sour)
3) Lavana (Salt)
4) Katu (Pungent)5) Tikta (Bitter)
6) Kashaya (Astringent)
1) Sugar
2) Lemon
3) Salt
4) Ginger5) Fenu greek
6) Coffee
5 Consistency – Mainly oforiginal food items
1) Dravadravya (Liquid)
2) Annadravya (Solid)
1) Water, Milk, Oil
2) Grains,Beans,
Vegetables
Classification of Aahara (Diet)
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CLASSIFICATION OF AAHARA (DIET)DRAVADRAVYA (LIQUID)
Varga Class of - Examples
1) Jala Varga Different varieties ofwater
Rain water, Boiledwater
2) Dugdha Varga Milk & Milk products Cow’s milk, Ghruta,Butter
3) Taila Varga Oils Sesame oil, Almondoil
4) Ikshu Varga Sugarcane products Sugar, Jaggery
5) Madya Varga Wine / Alcoholicbeverages preparedfrom food
Drakshasava,Kharjurasava
6) Mutra Varga Urine of Different
animals
Cow’s urine, Goat’s
urine
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CLASSIFICATION OF AAHARA (DIET)GHANADRAVYA (SOLIDS)
Varga Class of - Examples
1) Shuka Dhanya Grains Rice, Wheat, Maize
2) Shimbi Dhanya Beans, Pulses Green gram, Lentil
3) Shaka Varga Vegetables Spinach, RedPumpkin
4) Mansa Varga Meat Goat meat,Chicken
5) Haritaka Varga Condiments/ Spices
Clove, Blackpepper, cuminseeds
6) Krutanna Varga Receipes Moong Soup,
Khichadi
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Diet
One of the three supportive pillars of
Human LifeDiet(Aahar)
Sleep( Nidra)
Celibacy ( Brahmacharya)
Diet is the fuel of body machine.
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Points to be considered regardingdiet
a) Classification of diet
b) Proper time for having meals
c) Quantity of Diet
d) Qualities of food substances
e) Rules for taking diet
f) Utensils
g) Incompatibility
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I) a. Proper time for having meals
Hunger is a natural urge
When previous meal is completely and properlydigested, one experiences intense hunger orappetite.
Ayurved describes two ways for Deciding the time of having meals.
The two ways are as follows :
1. According to symptoms2. According to time span between two meals
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Characteristic symptoms of complete digestion are –
1. Belching without bad smell & taste
2. Feels energetic
3. Evacuation of bowel and bladder without anydiscomfort
4. Feeling of lightness
5. Feeling of intense hunger and thirst
If one feels above symptoms then and then only
one must take a meal
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I) b. Proper time for having meals
o Duration between two meals should beminimum three hrs. and one should not starve for
more than six hrs.
o For dinner – Timing should be as such thatthere should be a gap of 2 hrs between meal and
bedtime
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II) Quantity of diet
Quantity should be proper
Depends on one’s digestive capacity (Agni)
Quantity also depends on properties of food substances
for e.g.-Heavy substances should be taken in less quantity
On an average - consider three parts of stomach
1 Part for solid food
1 Part for liquid food
1 Part- should be kept empty for moments of Doshas
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III) Qualities of Diet (Food substances)
Qualities of food substances are dependent on dominance of
Mahabhutas.
e.g.- Heavy food articles -
Predominant qualities of Prithvi ( Earth element)
Intake should be 1/3 or 1/2 of the saturation point.
Light food articles -
Predominant qualities of Vayu (Air element) andAgni (Fire element)
Intake should not exceed the saturation point for
proper strength of Agni
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The Food Taken
In Proper Quantity
Provides Certainly-
Strength
Complexion
Happy life With Normalcy
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IV) Rules for taking healthy Diet - 1
1. All the six tastes should be included in the diet
2. Food should be fresh, warm and moist
3. One should not eat in a hurry or loitering
4. One should not indulge in excessive laughing or
talking controversies, conflicts while enjoying
meals.
IV) Rules for taking healthy Diet - 2
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IV) Rules for taking healthy Diet - 2
5. One should eat in a pleasant, favorable places
in good company.6. One should always know self constitution
(Prakriti) and give due consideration to
suitability of food substances.
7. One should be happy and joy’s mood while
taking meals and should concentrate on it.
8. Cleanliness and hygiene should be maintained
at the time of meals.
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DIET WHICH IS BENEFICIAL IN GENERAL
Cereals Shashti-Shali (Rice), Godhuma (Wheat), Ragi (Redmillet), Rakta shali (Red rice)
Pulses Mudga (Green gram), Makushthaka (Lentil)Meat Goat, Deer, Pigeon, Common quail, Chicken
Vegetables Patola (Snake-gourd), Moolaka (Radish)
Fruits Amalaki (Indian gooseberry), Dadima (Pomegranate),Draksha (Grapes)
Sugar Puran Guda (Old jaggery), Madhu (Honey)
Milk-milkproducts
Godugdha (cow’s milk), Goghruta (Clarified-butter ofcow’s milk)
Water Clean and sterile rain-water.
Salt Saindhava (Rock-salt)
Oil Groundnut oil, olive oil
Dry Fruits Vatam (Almond), Akshot (Walnut), Angira (Fig)
Spices Ardraka (Ginger), Hingu(Asafetida), Dhanyaka(Coriander), Jeeraka (Cumin seeds), Ela (cardamom)
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DIET WHICH SHOULD BE AVOIDED IN GENERAL:-
Cereals Yava (Barley), heavy preparation of flour, riceand flattened rice.
Pulses Masha (Black gram)
Meat Pork, Beef, Buffalo meat, Fish, Dried meat, Meatof emaciated animals
Vegetables Dried vegetables, Lotus tuber , stem; Leafyvegetables.
Fruits Nikucha (Wild jack fruit), unripe Kapithha (Rawwood apple)
Sugar Kakvi (Boiled concentrated sugar cane juice)
Milk-milk
products
Kurchika & Kilata (Milk products like Paneer),
Mandaka Dadhi (Immature curds)
Water River water in rainy season
Salt Saindhava ( rock-salt)
Oil Sunflower oil
Spices Chilly powder
8 Factors of Dietetics (Aahara) 1
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8 Factors of Dietetics (Aahara) - 1There are eight specific factors of dietetics such as nature,
processing, combination, quantity, place, time, rules foruse and consumer.
Prakriti, svabhava (nature): The natural existence ofproperties like guru etc. in substances used as food anddrugs, such as Black gram (heavy) and green gram (light); fornonvegetarians: pork (heavy) and meat of deer (light)
Karana (processing): The making or refinement of naturalproducts, which means imparting other properties. Theseproperties are infused by contact of water and fire, cleansing,churning, place, time, infusing, sleeping etc. and also longduration, utensil etc.
Samyoga (combination): A combination of two or moresubstances. This exhibits peculiarities, which are not seen inthe case of individual substances such as combination ofhoney and ghee and that of honey, fish and milk.
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8 Factors of Dietetics (Aahara) - 2
Rashi (Quantity): Rashi can be termed as quantity.It is again divided as sarvagraha (total count) andparigraha (individual amount), which ascertain theresult of the food taken in proper and improperquantity. The accounting of the quantity of theentire food in totality is sarvaghraha while
parighraha is that of the individual items in the food.Thus accounting of the entire is sarvgraha whilethat of all individual food items is parigraha.
Desha (Place): Denotes place related to growth aswell as distribution of the substances and also thesuitability in respect of place.
8 F t f Di t ti (A h ) 3
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8 Factors of Dietetics (Aahara) - 3
Kala (Time): Kala is eternally moving (time) as
well as conditional. The conditional one is related todisorder while the eternally moving one to seasonalsuitability.
Upyogsamstha: This denotes the rules of dietetics.
Upyokta : It is the person who consumes the food.On him depends the “ok-satmya’ (suitability
developed by practice).
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V) Utensils
Various metallic and nonmetallic utensils are used-
For cooking
For serving
For storage.
Utensils does have desired or undesired effects on
food substances which are cooked in them.
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Utensils
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Utensils & their Effects on body
Type of Utensil Beneficial effect on the Body
Gold Best from medicinal point ofview
Silver Promotes Liver Functions
Zinc Improves Intelligence & Appetite
Brass Promotes Vata and Agni butcures Kapha
Steel Useful in Jaundice
Glass Cooling effect
Plates made from plant leaves Antidote against poison.
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Specific Use of Utensils for various foods
Name of the Food item Type of utensil best for storage
Ghee Steel vessel
Curd preparations Stone utensils
Juices and fruit syrups Glass and crystal ware
Fruits and confectionary Leaves
Boiled and cooled milk Copper vessels
Wines, Beverages Earthen pots
Peyas (Porridge), Edible fluids Silver bowl
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Incompatibility/ Antagonistic
(Viruddha -Aahara) - 1
Definition :
Substances which are contrary to physiological tissues, behave with antagonism to them are called
Antagonistic or incompatible (Viruddha- Aahara).
Food Incompatibility 2
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Food Incompatibility - 2(Viruddha Aahara )
The substances which are contrary to physiological tissues
(Deha Dhatus ) or behave with antagonism to them are calledantagonistic or incompatible. (Viruddha Ahara)
This antagonism may be in terms of properties, combination,processing, place, time, Dosha etc. or natural composition.
Many food combinations are given in the texts as incompatiblewith proper explanation For e.g.
1) One should not take fish along with milk because thiscombination is Abhishyandi (great obstructer for channels), itvitiates blood.
2) After eating raddish, garlic, basil one should not take milkbecause of the risk of skin disorders.
3) All sour liquids are antagonistic to milk.
4) Hot honey taken by a person induces toxicity and lead to death.
5) Likewise honey and ghee in equal quantity, hot water aftertaking honey are antagonistic.
F d I ibili 3
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Food Incompatibility - 3The diet which is antagonistic with respect to
Place
Time
Agni
Dose
Suitability
Dosha
Processing
Potency Bowels
Health conditions
Order
Contra-indication
Cooking
Combination
Palatability
Richness (in properties)
Rules of eating
is not wholesome for the person.
Food Incompatibility 4
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Food Incompatibility - 4
Examples of Incompatibility/ Antagonistic(Viruddha -Aahara)
1) Veerya viruddha- (potency incompatibility)-Fish + milk
2) Sanskar viruddha- (Processing incompatibility) HeatedHoney
3) Matra viruddha- (dose incompatibility) - Honey + Cow’sghee - mixed in equal proportion.
4) Krama viruddha - Hot water after taking honey5) Kala viruddha- (Time incompatibility) Pungent substance
in summer & Cold substances in winter
6) Krama viruddha-(Order incompatibility)-Consuming curdat night.
7) Samyoga viruddha- (Combination incompatibility)- FruitSalad / Milk+ Banana
8) Parihar viruddha (contraindication incompatibility)-Consuming cold water immediately after having hot teaor Coffee.
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If one consumes above kind of
Incompatible diet- Frequently &
In excess quantity
one definitely suffers from -
Blood Disorders Skin Disorders
Digestive Disorders
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NIDRA
(SLEEP)
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Nidra – (Sleep)
Definition
When srotas of the body obstructed by
Kapha Dosha,When the body fatigued by exertion,When the sense organs (Indriya)- notfunctioning due to exertion,
sleep manifests in the body.
Merits & Demerits
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Merits & Demerits
Happiness and Misery
Nourishment and Emaciation
Strength and Weakness
Potency and Impotency
Knowledge and Ignorance
Life and Death
--------------------------Depend on Sleep .
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Nidra (Sleep)One of the 14 Adharaniya Vegas
(Natural Urges)of the body
Being an Adharniya Vega(Natural urge which should not be controlled) - Should not be controlled when manifests
- Should not be taken forcefully when notmanifested.
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Abnormal patterns (modes) of theNidra (Sleep)
Atinidra (Excess Sleep)
Anidra (Less Sleep)
Deewaswapa (Day Sleep)
Akalanidra (Not on appropriate time)
- Leads to diseases if followed regularly
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Brahmacharya (Celibacy)
• Brahmacharya or Celibacy’ - a topic which is
not much or is adversely discussed.
• Definition - Brahmacharya or celibacy, means
abstinence from physical relationship.
• This statement seems very stern and unrealistic
in ordinance with reality. Well, as the mythgoes, this word is generally defined in an
incorrect manner.
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• Ayurved defines the word ‘Brahmacharya’ with
much greater depth.
Brahmacharya is composed of two words
-‘Brahma’ & ‘Charya’
Brahma = Optimum knowledge
and Charya = The behavior.
• Brahma also means ‘Tapa’, which means
‘Dedicated devotion’.
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Importance of Brahmacharya
• Brahmacharya norms help to
- maintaining a good health
- maintaining a satisfied mind
- keeping in level with the spiritual developmentthus maintaining the health of the society.
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Phases of Life
• Four phases of human life –
- 1. Brahmacharyashram
- 2. Gruhasthashram
- 3. Vanaprasthashram- 4. Sanyasashram
• The concept of Brahmacharya passes through
these phases with varying descriptions.
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• 1. Brahmacharyashram phase
• Brahmacharya means dedication towards
acquiring knowledge.
• The education or knowledge required by a
person to attain his future means e.g a job,business, trade etc., needs to be pursued
during this phase.
• Here abstinence from any other distractions is
defined as Bramhacharya.
2 Gruhasthashram phase
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2. Gruhasthashram phase
• Marriage and family life
• Here abstinence from any partner, other thanyour own spouse is considered within
Brahmacharya.
I t t l t i t i i
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Important rules to maintain in
Gruhasthashram
• Coitus should be done with one’s own wife.
Nowadays there is a trend to enjoy a multi-
partner relationship. Abstinence from such issuggested.
• Coitus should be preferred at night.
• There is natural coolness and quietness at
night, which helps to relax the mind naturally.
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• Coitus should not be done in the morning,
afternoon and past midnight.
Morning - a prime work time. There should not
be distractions during it.
Afternoons - are warmer, and it is the Pitta Kala.Past midnight - also the Pitta Kala, besides the
time to rest for revival.
• Body heat during the Pitta Kala is higher, while
heat is not as much favorable for survival of the
sperms, it can also make conception difficult.
Important rules to maintain in
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• Do not have coitus while menstruation, whileill , during pregnancy, a partner other than
your spouse.
• This is said so, as to avoid infections. Failingwhich one suffers from sexually transmitted
diseases. AIDS being very predominant today.
• Abnormal, awkward positions should be
avoided. Other than causing strain, it could
also hamper conception.
Important rules to maintain in
Gruhasthashram
Important rules to maintain in
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• Coitus must not be done while suppressingthe natural urges of defecation or urination,
while hungry, when either partner does not
have the desire etc.
• Suppression leads to the elevation of the Vata
Dosha, which can not only cause dryness,pain, also disturbs the harmony between the
other Doshas.
Important rules to maintain in
Gruhasthashram
Important rules to maintain in
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• In accordance with the seasons
• Hemant and Shishir rutu - One can have a
relation more frequently.
Hemant and Shishir are winter months.
Climate is cool, pleasant. Mind is relaxed
and the health is at optimum.
Important rules to maintain in
Gruhasthashram
Important rules to maintain in
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• In accordance with the seasons• Vasant and Sharad rutu - Frequency should be
2-3 times a week.
The climate starts getting warmer.• Varsha and Grishma rutu - Abstinence, for
about 15 days needs to be maintained.
The climate is very hot, humid and stuffy.
Health is not so sound, so frequency can cause
weakness.
Important rules to maintain in
Gruhasthashram
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• After coitus, clean the genital organs.
Cleaning is for a good hygiene.
• Have milk or milk products. Milk helps to
revive the energy.
• Use cool and scented herbs. Cool herbsgive solace to the mind.
Regime after having coitus
Point to ponder
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• Total abstinence may also cause mental stress, and physical
illness.
• Like any others, this too is a natural urge. Thus one must keep
a realistic approach.
• These rules about Brahmacharya, have been framed, keeping
in mind the natural requirements of the Gruhasthashram
phase.
• Following these gives absolute safety, at the same time one
can enjoy the fullness of life.
• It rewards in better health of the individual and also the entire
society.
• These are basically simple norms, which have been very
thoughtfully framed in interest of the society.
Point to ponder
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• The age factor has progressed, the family
duties are quite fulfilled.
• Here one should learn to slowly detachoneself from family bonds, emotional
attachments, physical requirements etc.
3. Vanaprasthashram
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• One is now prepared to totally abstain from all
enticements of life. It includes both physical &
emotional attachments.
• One is in a totally detached state from the
worldly pleasures and seeks enlightenment,
about the almighty, as he prepares for Moksha.
4. Sanyasashram
The untoward effects of changing trends
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• The trend to choose a multi-partner
relationship. Not just an individual threat, but athreat to the entire society.
• The occurrence of diseases like AIDS perked
up. Transmission of this disease from mother to
the foetus.
• We can therefore conclude that such liberal
activities not only harm the current generation,
as well as the next generation. The society by
and large is affected.
g g
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