13AMT Procesory I I I

13AMTProcesory III.Lecture 4

Ing. Martin Molhanec, CSc.

80486, 80486SX zkladn dajeRok vzniku 1989 Rychlost 25MHz1 200 000 tranzistor1 m technologie

32 bitov CPU32 bitov adresa4 GB fyzick pamti64 TB virtuln pamti32 bitov data

80486 m FPU80486SX nem FPUPozdji se 80486 pejmenovala na 80486DX !

80486, 80486SX vlastnostiVylepen vnitek (2x rychlej) Dv datov sbrnice.80486 80386 + FPU + L1 cache80486SX 80486 FPU80487 80486 (jin zapojen)Pozdji se 80486 pejmenovala na 80486DX ! L1 cache = 8kB, Write-Through Patice PGA + ZIF (Zero Input Force)

80486 - architektura

80486DX2, 80486DX4Intern petaktovn CPU b na vy frekvenci neli sbrnice !80486DX2 : nsobitel 2x80486DX4 : nsobitel 3x ! + L1 cache 16kB (8kB data+8kB kd)

Socket 1,2,3169 Pin17 x 17 PGA5vSX / SX2, DX/DX2, DX4 OverDrive 238 pin19 x 19 PGA5vSX/SX2, DX/DX2, DX4 OverDrive, 486 Pentium OverDrive 237 pin19 x 19 PGA5v/3.3vSX/SX2, DX/DX2, DX4 OverDrive, 486 Pentium OverDriveVce pin!Men napt!

Pentium zkladn daje(1. generace P5,P54C)Rok vzniku 1993 Rychlost 60MHz3 100 000 tranzistor0.8 m technologie

32 bitov CPU32 bitov adresa4 GB fyzick pamti64 TB virtuln pamti64 bitov data Pvodn 80586, ale nakonec se INTEL rozhodl pro nzev Pentium, kter bylo mon lpe komern ochrnit!

Pentium vlastnostiPrvn procesor, kter obsahuje velice rafinovan techniky pro zven vkonu vykonvn kdu! Pentium = 80486 + vylepen Vznamn vylepenSkalrn procesor = 2 * ALU Soubn vykonvn = 2 * pipeline pro INT INSPedpovdn skok BTBSMM (Systm management Mode): power control

L1 cache = 8kB kd + 8kB data, Write-BackNapjen STD = 3.3VPatice PGA + ZIF (Zero Input Force)

Pentium P5, P54C

Nsobitel, napjen, atp.NapjenSTD3.3.VVRE3.53VVRT2.8 / 3.3Pentium Overdrive (P24) Pentium do patice 80486. Drah, nespch

Pentium - architektura

Socket 4Pin: 27321 * 21 PGA

5V

Pentium 60/66 Pentium 60/66 OverDrive

Socket 5Pin: 32037 * 37 PGA 3.3V Pentium 75 133 Pentium 75+ Overdrive

Socket 7Pin: 32137 * 37 PGA VRM (Voltage regulator module) 2.5V a 3.3V Pentium 75 300 Pentium 75+ Overdrive Pentium MMX Pentium MMX OD K5, 6x86, K6, 6x86MX

Pentium Pro zkladn dajeRok vzniku 1995 Rychlost 150MHz5 500 000 tranzistor0.5 m technologie

32 bitov CPU36 bitov adresa64 GB fyzick pamti64 TB virtuln pamti64 bitov data V jednom pouzdru je na spolenm substrtu chip CPU a 2 chipy L2 cache na pln rychlosti jdra, spolen propojen speciln 64 bitovou sbrnic.Tento procesor byl uren speciln pro servery!

Pentium Pro vlastnostiVylepen Pentium uren speciln pro servery.Monost spoluprce a 4 Penti Pro multiprocesing !Vznamn vylepenSkalrn procesor = 3 * ALU Soubn vykonvn, vykonvn mimo poadPedpovdn skokSMM (Systm management Mode): power controlCISC instrukce si intern pekld do RISC instrukc

CacheL1 cache = 8 kB data +8 kB kd L2 cache = 256kB, 512kB, 1MB v pouzde, full speedJe umstna spolen s CPU na spolenm substrtu v jednom pouzdeDIB (Dual Independent Bus) : CPU me souasn pistupovat do pamti, tak i do L2 cache. Pentium Pro = Pentium + L2 cache + vylepen Napjen STD = 3.1 a 3.3VSocket 8 (242 pin)

Pentium ProPoet tranzistor L2 cache 256 Kb je 15 500 000 !

Pentium MMX zkladn daje(2. generace P55C)Rok vzniku 1997 Rychlost 166MHz4 500 000 tranzistor0.28 m technologie

32 bitov CPU32 bitov adresa4 GB fyzick pamti64 TB virtuln pamti64 bitov data Pentia 2. generace maj tzv. MMX (MultiMedia eXtensions) uren pro lep vkon pi zpracovn multimedilnch dat.

Pentium MMX vlastnostiPrvn procesor, kter obsahuje podporu multimediln aplikac! MMX = MultiMedia eXtensions Monost vykonvat jednu operaci nad nkolika operandy ! Pouze pro cel sla. A 8 celch sel 8 bitovch. Pentium MMX = Pentium + MMX L1 cache = 16kB data + 16kB kdNapjen VRM = 2.8 a 3.3 VPatice PGA + ZIF (Zero Input Force)Socket 7

Pentium MMX

Pentium IIRok vzniku 1997 Rychlost 233MHz7 500 000 tranzistor0.28 m technologie

32 bitov CPU36 bitov adresa64 GB fyzick pamti64 TB virtuln pamti64 bitov data Pentium II je nstupcem Pentia Pro (6. generace x86), s urenm od desktop po servery. V pouzde typu slot obsahuje L2 cache na spolen destice s CPU.

Pentium II vlastnostiV pouzde je na jedn destice umstn chip CPU a CHIPy L2 cache. Protoe nejsou umstny na spolenm substrtu pracuje L2 cache na ni frekvenci neli jdro procesoru, ale na frekvenci vy ne hlavn pam.Pouzdro pipomn spe kartu do PCDIB jako u Pentia ProMMX jako u Pentia MMX

Pentium II = Pentium Pro + Pentium MMX + vylepen CacheL1 cache = 16kB data + 16kB kdL2 cache = 512kB, rychlosti CPU, 64 bitov dedikovan sbrniceFSB : 66, 100 MHZ Napjen VRM = 2.8SECC (Single Edge Contact Cartridge) : pouzdroSLOT 1 : patice

SLOT 1 - SECCGTL+ bus, podporou 2 procesor

Pentium II

CeleronRok vzniku 1998 Rychlost 266MHz7 500 000 tranzistor0.25 m technologie

32 bitov CPU32 bitov adresa4 GB fyzick pamti64 TB virtuln pamti64 bitov data Celeron vznikl jako levn alternativa Pentia II. M levnj pouzdro SEPP (Single Edge Processor Package)

Celeron vlastnostiLevn varianta Pentia II.Levnj pouzdroNejdve bez L2 cachePozdji men L2 cache, ale ON DIE, ili ve stejnm chipu jako CPU na pln rychlosti CPU !Nejprve varinty SEPP pro SLOT1, pozdji pouzdra PPGA (Plastic Pin Grid Array) pro Socket 270

Celeron = Pentium II v levnj a mn vkonn variant cacheL1 cache = 16kB data + 16kB kdL2 : star verze nen !L2 : novj verze, 128kB on die (vkonov se rovn tm Pentiu II, proto INTEL omezuje FSB na 66MHz )

Celeron - paticeNapjen VRM = 2.8 Star verze SEPP (Single Edge Processor Package)SLOT 1Novj verze PPGA (Plastic Pin grid Array) Socket 370

CeleronPrvn procesor, kter se zaal vrazn petaktovvat !

Pentium XeonRok vzniku 1998 Rychlost 400MHz7 500 000 tranzistor0.25 m technologie

32 bitov CPU32 bitov adresa4 GB fyzick pamti64 TB virtuln pamti64 bitov data Pentium Xeon je varianta Pentia II uren pro servery.

Pentium Xeon - vlastnostiVarianta Pentia pro serveryL2 cache : 512 KB, 1MB, 2MB (1999) na pln rychlosti CPUPodpora 4 a 8 procesor (multiprocesong) Pentium Xeon = Pentium II + Pentium Pro Pouzdro SECC2Patice SLOT 2

Pentium IIIRok vzniku 1999 Rychlost 450MHz a 1.4GHz9 500 000 tranzistor0.25 m technologie

32 bitov CPU32 bitov adresa4 GB fyzick pamti64 TB virtuln pamti64 bitov data Socket 370, Slot 1Pentium III je nstupce Pentia II vylepenmi.

Pentium III - vlastnostiJedin podstatn zmna je pidn tzv. SSE (Streaming SIMD Extension), jde o dal instrukce typu MMX, tentokrt umj ji pracovat i s sly typu FLOAT ! Pouzdra a paticeSECC+SLOT1, kvli upgrade starch systmFC-PGA + Socket 370, nsleduje celeronFC-PGA2 + Socket 370 (Tualatin), nov jdro!Cache32kB L1L2 se mn dle generace PIIIFSB100/133 Mhz

Pentium IIITualatin je sice mechanicky kompatibiln s patic Socket 370, ale nikoliv fyzicky (napjen).

low homemiddle officehigh serverPentium Pro Klamath 2MB, FS

Pentium II XEON 2MB, FS

Pentium II XEON Tanner

Pentium III XEON CascadePentium MMX

Pentium II KlamathPentium II Deschutches 512kB, 1/2SPentium III Katmai 512kB, 1/2S SSEPentium III Coppermine 256kB, OD SSE

Celeron (Covington) nem L2 cacheCeleron Mendocino 128kB, OD

Celeron Coppermine-128 128kB, OD, SSE

low home celeronmiddle - officePentium III Pentium 4high server Pentium 4 XeonCoppermine-128 a 800MHz 0.18, 66FSB 128L2 FC-PGA 370Coppermine-T a 1.2GHz 0.18, 100FSB 128L2 FC-PGA 370

Tualatin a 1.4GHz 0.13, 100FSB 256L2 FC-PGA2 370Coppermine a 800MHz 0.18, 133FSB 256L2 FC-PGA 370 SECC2 (SLOT1)

Tualatin a 1.4GHz 0.13, 133FSB 256L2 FC-PGA2 370

PIII-S Varianta s vt L2=512Willamete a 2Ghz 0.18 Socket 423

Northwood pes 2GHz 0.13, 400FSB 512L2 Socket 478

Foster a 2Ghz 0.18 256L2 Socket 603

Prestonia pes 2GHz 0.13

INTELstandardXeonCeleronmobile64bitCentrinoPIIIP4

Pentium 4Procesor 7 generace (PIII, PII je generace 6 a vychz z architektury Pentia Pro!) s novou architekturou!NetBurstHyper Pipelined Technology (pipeline na 20 rovn)Rapid Execution Engine (ALU pracuje na 2x rychlosti jdra!)Systmov sbrnice 400 MHz Execution Trace Cache SSE3 (dalch 144 instrukc)Hyperthreading2 logick procesory v jednom fyzickm!EE (ExtremeEdition)Pidna L3 cache 2MBLGA 755Nov typ patice ! Msto noiek kontaktn ploky!32 bitov CPU32 bitov adresa4 GB fyzick pamti64 TB virtuln pamti64 bitov data

Pentium 4Stav v roce 2004

LGA755

P4 XEONStav v roce 2004

Roadmap

Souasn stav P4INTEL roziuje poet variant vech procesor Zavd nov zpsob oznaovn ad procesor !Ztrta pehlednosti !

Hyper-Threading TechnologyHT Technology is ground-breaking technology that changes the landscape of processor design by going beyond GHz to improve processor performance. It allows software programs to "see" two processors and work more efficiently. This new technology enables the processor to execute two series, or threads, of instructions at the same time, thereby improving performance and system responsiveness. The Pentium 4 processor supporting HT Technology is designed specially to deliver immediate increases in performance and system responsiveness with existing applications in multitasking environments (that is, where two or more functions are running at the same time) and with many stand-alone applications today. Furthermore, the Pentium 4 processor supporting HT Technology provides performance headroom for the future.

Intel Enhanced Memory 64 Technology (Intel EM64T)Intel EM64T provides an enhancement to Intel's 32-bit architecture by enabling the desktop processor platform to access larger amounts of memory. With appropriate 64-bit supporting hardware and software, platforms based on an Intel processor supporting Intel EM64T can enable use of extended virtual and physical memory. Intel EM64T provides flexibility for 32 bit now and future software that supports 64-bit computing.

Windows XP 64-Bit Edition for 64-Bit Extended SystemsWindows Server 2003 for 64-Bit Extended SystemsFuture versions of Red Hat Enterprise LinuxSUSE LINUX 9.1 Professional

64-bit flat virtual address space 64-bit pointers 64-bit wide general purpose registers 64-bit integer support Up to 1 terabyte (TB) of platform address space

Legacy PAE ModeCurrent IA-32 systems that use more than 4 GB of physical memory do so by using Physical Addressing Extensions (PAE). This is a segmented memory model that requires the use of Address Windowing Extensions (AWE) to manipulate data above the 4-GB limit. This approach has associated overhead because the memory beyond 4 GB is swapped in and out of an AWE window, which exists in the first 4 GB of memory. Such software memory management schemes are expensive and are not as straightforward as 64-bit addressing.

CeleronHTDual CoreExtreme EditionEMT64Intel Pentium 4 ProcessorIntel Pentium 4 Processor supporting Hyper-Threading TechnologyANO(ANO)Intel Pentium 4 Processor Extreme Edition supporting Hyper-Threading TechnologyANOANO(ANO)Intel Pentium D ProcessorANOANOIntel Pentium Processor Extreme EditionANOANOANOANOIntel Celeron ProcessorANOIntel Celeron D ProcessorANOANO

XEON procesoryVt CACHEPodpora vce procesor

64 bitov procsoryITANIUMJdro Merced, 0.18733 - 800 MHz, FSB 266MHz2001PAC418 paticeIA-64 architektura

ITANIUM21.3 1.5 GHz, FSB 400MHz2002Jdro McKinney, 0.18Cache 3MB na chipuNov architektura od 386!Zatm nepli vhodn drah!Nen HW kompatibiln s x86!!!

Ale nebude EM64T konkurence?

Here is a comparison of the Intel Architecture-based 64-bit platform benefits at a glance:

Intel Xeon Processor with Intel EM64T

Larger address space (40-bits physical / 64-bits virtual) = larger applications can run in-memory = increased performance More general-purpose and SSE registers (than Intel Xeon without Intel EM64T) allow software to inter-schedule instructions for multiple independent expressions, effectively hiding much stall latency = increased performance Double-precision integer support = increased numerical processing accuracy Stepping stone to the Intel Itanium Architecturenot a replacement for it

Intel Itanium Architecture

Larger address space (50-bits physical / 64-bit virtual addressing) Improved branching/procedure call performance = Decreased cache misses and lower procedure call overhead = increased performance Memory latency hiding = Significant performance improvements memory intensive applications (databases, modeling, etc) Increased parallelism via parallel instruction streams = Superior multimedia and FP support

Legacy PAE ModeCurrent IA-32 systems that use more than 4 GB of physical memory do so by using Physical Addressing Extensions (PAE). This is a segmented memory model that requires the use of Address Windowing Extensions (AWE) to manipulate data above the 4-GB limit. This approach has associated overhead because the memory beyond 4 GB is swapped in and out of an AWE window, which exists in the first 4 GB of memory. Such software memory management schemes are expensive and are not as straightforward as 64-bit addressing.

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13AMT Procesory I I I