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図－
１ ロ
ンボ
ク島
での
視察
対象
地
－ 66 －
８． 研修の実施状況
写真－１ 国内研修 （12 月 12，13 日）
福山研二講師「林業と生物多様性」
写真－２ 国内研修 （12 月 12，13 日）
酒井正治講師「熱帯人工林の土壌と持続的生産」
写真－３ 現地開講式 （12 月 15 日）
Basuki Winantu 西ヌサテンガラ州森林局秘書官（左）
写真－４ 講義風景 （12 月 15 日） Kurniasih Afifa 講師
「西ヌサテンガラ州の自然資源保護に関する方針と活動：」
写真－５ 荒廃地緑化による生物多様性の回復
（その歴史と各プロジェクトの特色について）
Tejo Wulan 講師 （12 月 16 日）
写真－６ 荒廃地緑化による生物多様性の回復
（生物多様性の評価手法）
Woro A. Noerdjito 講師 （12 月 16 日）
－ 67 －
写真－７ 荒廃地緑化による生物多様性の回復
日本・インドネシア友好の森林の看板 （12 月 16 日）
写真－８ 燃料木及び非木材林産物による荒廃地復旧
Baderun Zainal 講師 （12 月 17 日）
写真－９ Batu Jangkih 村における住民インタビュー
調査・意見交換の状況 （12 月 17 日）
写真－１０ Batu Jangkih 村における住民インタビュー
参加住民との集合写真 （12 月 17 日）
写真－１１ ロンボク島の植生（樹木学実習）
ロンボック島東部 Rinjani 山の山裾地域 （12 月 18 日）
写真－１２ PT. Sadhana Arifnusa の苗畑運営
Baderunn 講師によるコンテナ育苗の説明 （12 月 18 日）
－ 68 －
写真－１３ 現地 NGO による Agro-forestry project
飼料木育成，ヤギ畜舎飼いによる森林の保全 （12 月 18 日）
写真－１４ 統合的なアプローチによる森林・土地保全
地域住民による苗畑の運営（Grebgan 地域） （12 月 19 日）
写真－１５ 統合的なアプローチによる森林・土地保全
NGO 団体からの説明（Grebgan 地域） （12 月 19 日）
写真－１６ グループ別課題研究成果発表会
参加者全員が役割を分担し報告を行った（12 月 20 日）
写真－１７ 終了式 （12 月 20 日）
研修参加者全員に修了証書が授与された
写真－１８ 終了式 （11 月 23 日）
研修には，インドネシア側からも学生や役所職員が参加した
－ 69 －
資料
－１
ス
カロ
ー地
域で
のエ
ンリ
ッチ
メン
ト・
プラ
ンテ
ィン
グに
推奨
され
る樹
種リ
スト
S
elec
ted
Tree
Spe
cies
th
at R
ecom
men
ded
to t
he
En
rich
men
t P
lan
tin
g fo
r th
e F
rien
dsh
ip F
ores
t in
Sek
aroh
D
r. I
Gde
Mer
tha,
Mat
aram
Un
iver
sity
N
o.
Sci
enti
fic
Nam
e (F
AM
ILY
)L
ocal
Nam
e T
rees
ch
arac
teri
stic
sE
colo
gica
l asp
ects
Use
sTe
chn
ical
Iss
ues
/ Not
esR
easo
n w
e se
lect
th
is s
peci
es
Su
itab
le
seas
on
for
plan
tin
g 1.
Sp
ondi
as p
inna
ta (L
.f.)
Ku
rz.
(A
NA
CA
RD
IAC
EA
E)
K
lon
cin
g, K
acem
cem
,
Ked
ongd
ong
gaw
ah
Tre
e 20
-25
(-40
)m
hig
h a
nd
30-5
0(-
150)
cm
in
dia
met
er,
som
etim
es
35-5
0 m
hig
h a
nd
100-
150
cm i
n
diam
eter
. B
utt
ress
es
occa
sion
ally
pr
esen
t. B
ark
grey
sm
ooth
.
Bes
ides
in c
ult
ivat
ed s
tate
, fou
nd
in
prim
ary
and
mix
ed
fore
sts,
al
so
seco
nda
ry
fore
st,
in
teak
-for
est,
sa
van
nah
s,
and
in
dry
area
s,
som
etim
es o
n l
imes
ton
e, f
rom
th
e lo
wla
nd
up
to 5
00 m
.
Fru
it
edib
le,
you
ng
leav
es
for
acid
ify
the
vege
tabl
e.
In G
un
un
g Tu
nak
an
d an
are
a th
at
clos
e to
S
ekar
oh,
this
sp
ecie
s pr
odu
ce
man
y fr
uit
in
fr
uit
ing
seas
on.
Mos
t of
th
e se
eds
are
succ
essf
ull
y in
ger
min
atio
n.
Th
e bi
gges
t tr
ee f
oun
d in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak.
We
fou
nd
som
e se
edli
ngs
in
th
e ar
ea
clos
e to
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip
fore
st in
Sek
aroh
.
Dec
.-F
eb.
2.
Dra
cont
omel
on d
ao M
err.
et
Rof
le
(A
NA
CA
RD
IAC
EA
E)
D
ao
Dec
idu
ous
tree
up
to 4
3(-5
5) m
hig
h
and
90(-
150)
cm
in
di
amet
er.
Bu
ttre
sses
up
to 5
m h
igh
, 2.
5 m
w
ide,
15
cm
th
ick.
B
ark
gray
ish
br
own
, n
ot f
issu
red,
sca
ly,
peel
s in
ir
regu
larl
y pa
tch
es.
On
ly
in
high
-rai
nfa
ll
area
s,
alth
ough
som
etim
es w
ith
a s
hor
t dr
y se
ason
, in
eve
rgre
en t
o sl
igh
tly
deci
duou
s fo
rest
on
wel
l-dr
ain
ed t
o po
orly
dra
ined
soi
ls, i
n l
evee
for
est,
se
con
dary
fo
rest
, ra
ther
co
mm
on
but
mos
tly
scat
tere
d,
at
low
al
titu
de, r
arel
y at
500
-100
0 m
.
Th
e ti
mbe
r is
in
de
man
d fo
r fu
rnit
ure
. T
he
fru
it is
in
feri
or a
nd
sou
ght
mos
tly
by c
hil
dren
. F
low
ers
and
leav
es m
ay a
lso
be e
aten
as
a ve
geta
ble.
Th
e se
ed
of
this
sp
ecie
s is
re
calc
itra
nt.
A
bou
t 80
pe
rcen
t of
th
e se
ed
grow
s to
se
edli
ngs
an
d po
les.
M
any
nu
rser
y gr
oun
d in
L
ombo
k is
pre
pare
th
e se
edli
ng
of
this
spe
cies
. F
ast
grow
ing
spec
ies.
In
M
atar
am
Cit
y,
this
sp
ecie
s is
pl
ante
d fo
r w
ays
side
tr
ees.
B
ecau
se
of
ille
gal
logg
ing,
th
e po
pula
tion
in
Lom
bok
is d
ecre
ase
ever
y ye
ar.
Som
e of
th
e po
pula
tion
ada
ptab
le in
G
un
un
g Tu
nak
as
big
tree
s. T
he
soil
con
diti
on o
f Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak a
nd
Sek
aroh
is g
ener
ally
sam
e.
Mar
.-A
pr.
3.
Mit
reph
ora
poly
pyre
na (
Blu
me)
Miq
.
(AN
NO
NA
CE
AE
)
Kel
icu
ng
gaw
ah
Tre
e 15
-20
m.
Per
iodi
call
y ve
ry
dry
loca
liti
es,
deci
duou
s fo
rest
, bes
ides
cu
ltiv
ated
as
an
or
nam
enta
l tr
ee.
Alt
itu
de
5-60
0 m
Cu
ltiv
ated
for
its
flow
ers,
fire
woo
d.R
apid
gro
win
g sp
ecie
s. T
he
fru
its
is
eate
n a
nd
dist
ribu
ted
by b
at.
Hig
h d
ensi
ty o
f po
pula
tion
in
som
e lo
cati
on a
t G
un
un
g Tu
nak
for
est.
Ja
n.-
Dec
.
4.
Als
toni
a sp
ecta
bilis
Ku
rz.
(A
PO
CY
NA
CE
AE
)
Beb
etoq
Sm
all t
o bi
g tr
ee (
som
etim
es s
hru
b)
3-30
m
high
, u
p to
90
cm
in
Dia
met
er
Bre
ast
Hei
ght
(DB
H).
S
omet
imes
wit
h sm
all
butt
ress
es.
Bar
k sm
ooth
, sc
aly
or
lon
gitu
dina
lly
fiss
ure
d, c
orky
, gr
ey,
brow
nis
h o
r da
rk b
row
n.
Low
lan
d,
prim
ary
and
seco
nda
ry
fore
st,
coas
tal
fore
st,
on
allu
vial
, cl
ay,
lim
esto
ne
or
late
riti
c so
il,
alti
tude
5-8
00 m
.
Th
e w
ood
is h
ard
and
can
be
use
d fo
r co
nst
ruct
ion
w
ork
and
hou
seh
old
item
s.
Bio
-in
dica
tor
for
beac
h
and
mon
soon
for
est
in S
outh
Lom
bok
area
. M
any
seed
lin
gs a
re f
oun
d in
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip f
ores
t at
Sek
aroh
, sa
me
as G
un
un
g Tu
nak
.
On
e of
th
e m
ain
co
mpo
nen
t tr
ee
spec
ies
in
Sek
aroh
an
d G
un
un
g Tu
nak
fo
rest
. A
ccor
din
g to
th
e n
ativ
e pe
ople
, th
e po
pula
tion
of t
his
spec
ies
was
bei
ng
abun
dan
t at
lon
g ti
mes
ago
.
Nov
.-Ja
n.
5.
Och
rosi
a ak
keri
ngae
(Te
ijsn
. & B
inn
.)
Miq
.
(AP
OC
YN
AC
EA
E)
P
ange
Sh
rub
or
tree
, 3-
10
m
high
. B
ran
chle
ts
usu
ally
an
gula
r to
su
b-an
gula
r u
pwar
ds,
2-4
mm
in
di
amet
er.
Un
iqu
etly
ch
arac
teri
zed
by i
ts h
emis
ynca
rpou
s fr
uit
s.
Pri
mar
y fo
rest
beh
ind
the
beac
h,
upp
er
basi
n,
alon
g ri
verb
anks
or
op
en a
reas
. On
san
dy s
oil,
or h
allo
w
phos
phat
ised
li
mes
ton
e sr
ee
and
brow
n c
lay
loam
. A
ltit
ude
0-3
00 m
(m
ostl
y fo
un
d at
ver
y lo
w a
ltit
ude
).
Th
e se
eds
are
said
to
be
ed
ible
ei
ther
raw
or
cook
ed.
Ver
y ea
sy t
o be
ger
min
ated
fro
m
fru
its.
G
row
s on
op
en
area
be
hin
d th
e be
ach
in
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip f
ores
t in
S
ekar
oh.
Th
is s
peci
es i
s go
od f
or
open
ar
ea
clos
e th
e be
ach
in
S
ekar
oh.
Jun
., M
ar.-
May
6.
Wri
ghti
a pu
besc
ens
R. B
r.
ssp
. pub
esce
ns.
(A
PO
CY
NA
CE
AE
)
Jel
iti
Sh
rubs
or
smal
l tr
ees.
Bra
nch
lets
gl
abro
us
to s
pars
ely
pube
rule
nt.
F
oun
d in
mon
soon
for
est
and
drie
r ra
in f
ores
t L
atex
for
med
icin
e T
he
fru
it c
onta
ins
man
y se
eds.
Th
e se
ed h
as p
appu
s an
d is
dis
pers
ed b
y w
ind.
In
S
ekar
oh
and
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak,
this
sp
ecie
s h
as
wid
ely
dist
ribu
tion
.
Nat
ive
for
Sek
aroh
. Man
y se
edli
ngs
ar
e fo
un
d in
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip f
ores
t in
Sek
aroh
.
Jan
. – D
ec.
7.
Oro
xylu
m in
dicu
m (
L.)
Ku
rz.
(B
IGN
ON
IAC
EA
E)
J
ejar
an, P
oten
gan
Sm
alli
sh,
glab
rou
s,
spar
ingl
y br
anch
ed,
sem
i-de
cidu
ous
tree
, 6-
20(-
27)
m,
tru
nk
diam
eter
10
-40c
m,
wit
h g
rey
bark
an
d la
rge
leaf
-sca
rs.
Sh
ort-
live
d n
omad
tr
ee,
now
her
e gr
egar
iou
s. S
econ
dary
for
est,
ope
n
grou
nd,
mos
tly
belo
w 1
000
m
Bar
k u
sed
for
dyen
ing
ratt
an
of
blac
k sh
iny
bask
ets.
R
apid
gro
win
g sp
ecie
sO
ne
of
the
fore
st
vege
tati
on
com
pon
ent
in a
rea
that
clo
se t
o th
e F
rien
dsh
ip
fore
st
in
Sek
aroh
.
Man
y se
edli
ng
fou
nd
in t
hat
are
a.
Oct
.-D
ec.
8.
Cor
dia
mon
oica
Rox
b.
(B
OR
AG
INA
CE
AE
)
Nu
nan
g, T
empo
s
Sm
all t
ree
3-7m
Per
iodi
call
y ve
ry d
ry a
reas
, be
low
10
0 m
, bru
shw
oods
, for
est.
F
ire
woo
d,
the
fru
it
is
use
d by
ch
ildr
en a
s gl
ue
in m
akin
g ki
te.
Pro
duce
s m
any
fru
its
in
fru
itin
g se
ason
. M
any
seed
lin
gs
can
be
pr
epar
ed
by
germ
inat
ion
of
th
e se
eds.
T
he
seed
lin
gs c
an a
lso
be
coll
ecte
d by
cu
ttin
g of
th
e or
gan
s ar
e sa
id t
o “a
dven
titi
ous
buds
”
Man
y se
edli
ngs
are
fou
nd
out
in t
he
Fri
ends
hip
for
est
in S
ekar
oh. S
ome
of t
he
tree
s in
gro
win
g, w
e fo
un
d al
so i
n t
hes
e ar
ea.
Jan
.-D
ec.
9.
Salm
alia
mal
abar
ica
(DC
.) S
chot
t &
E
ndl
.
(BO
MB
AC
AC
EA
E)
R
anga
h, D
anga
r
Dec
idu
ous
tree
, 20
-40
m
hig
h,
larg
e-bu
ttre
ssed
, flo
wer
ing
leaf
less
, in
erm
ous
or p
artl
y ac
ule
ate.
Alt
itu
de
0.5-
500m
, pe
riod
ical
ly
very
dry
are
as, o
pen
for
est.
F
ire
woo
d, t
he
tric
hom
es o
f fr
uit
ca
n b
e u
sed
to m
ake
bed
and
pill
ow
mat
ter.
On
e fr
uit
ca
n
be
prod
uce
s m
uch
se
eds.
Th
e se
eds
are
embe
ded
to
the
tric
hom
es
and
disp
erse
d by
w
ind.
Th
e po
pula
tion
gro
wth
of
this
sp
ecie
s is
ver
y sl
ow in
Lom
bok
Th
ere
are
tree
sin
divi
dual
in a
rea
clos
e to
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip
fore
st
in
Sel
aroh
. A
ccor
din
g to
th
e pe
ople
, th
is s
peci
es n
ativ
e to
Sek
aroh
Dec
.-F
eb.
－ 70 －
No.
S
cien
tifi
c N
ame
(FA
MIL
Y)
Loc
al N
ame
Tre
es c
har
acte
rist
ics
Eco
logi
cal a
spec
tsU
ses
Tech
nic
al I
ssu
es/ N
otes
Rea
son
we
sele
ct t
his
spe
cies
S
uit
able
se
ason
fo
r pl
anti
ng
10.
Gar
uga
flor
ibun
da D
ecn
e.
(B
UR
SE
RA
CE
AE
)
Ber
u, B
eru
ng,
Kay
u g
aru
ga
Bu
ttre
ssed
tr
ee,
up
to
35
by
1.5(
-2.2
5) m
. B
ran
chle
ts 0
.5-1
.5 c
m
thic
k,
min
ute
ly
tom
ento
se
at
the
tips
, gl
abre
scen
t,
ofte
n
rou
gh
by
man
y le
af-s
cars
.
In
prim
ary
and
seco
nda
ry,
rain
-an
d m
onso
on-f
ores
t,
spec
iall
y in
pe
riod
ical
ly
dry
regi
ons,
u
p to
40
0(-1
200)
m.
Som
etim
es u
sed
as a
sh
ade
tree
. T
imbe
r ra
ther
go
od,
mod
erat
ely
har
d,
hea
vy,
in
the
grou
nd
it
appa
ren
tly
deca
y ve
ry s
low
ly.
Th
e ba
rk i
s u
sed
in n
ativ
e m
edic
ine.
A
blac
k dy
e is
mad
e ou
t of
a d
ecoc
tion
of
th
e le
aves
. Th
e fr
uit
s ar
e ea
ten
.
Th
e se
edli
ngs
can
be
pr
epar
e by
ge
rmin
atio
n
of
the
seed
s.
Oth
er
tech
niq
ues
, w
e ca
n m
ake
it
by
cutt
ings
of
th
e br
anch
es.
Th
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s tr
ee s
peci
es i
n E
ast
Lom
bok.
Th
e po
pula
tion
is
rare
in
th
at a
rea.
On
e of
th
e ve
geta
tion
com
pon
ent
in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak a
nd
Sek
aroh
. W
e fo
un
d so
me
of t
his
tre
e in
flo
wer
ing
at
Sek
aroh
th
at
clos
e to
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip f
ores
t in
Sek
aroh
.
Apr
.-Ju
n.
11.
Pro
tium
java
nicu
m B
urm
.f.
(B
UR
SE
RA
CE
AE
)
Ket
imu
s, T
engg
ulu
n, K
ates
Sh
rub
to r
ath
er l
arge
tre
e, u
p to
25
m b
y 1.
15 m
, bo
le o
ften
sh
ort
and
croo
ked.
Bra
nch
lets
gla
brsc
ent,
in
yo
un
g pl
ants
wit
h u
p to
2.7
5 cm
lo
ng
spin
es.
In p
rim
ary
and
seco
nda
ry f
ores
t, i
n
mor
e op
en l
and,
alo
ng
road
s, a
lon
g th
e in
ner
bo
rder
of
ti
dal
fore
sts,
so
met
imes
on
th
e be
ach
, u
p to
800
m
, di
stin
ctly
pre
ffer
ing
peri
odic
ally
dr
y re
gion
s.
Th
ough
th
e w
ood
is h
ard
and
does
n
ot e
asil
y sp
lit,
it
is n
ot f
requ
entl
y u
sed
and
for
smal
l to
ols
only
, as
lo
ng,
st
raig
ht
bole
s ar
e ra
re.
App
aren
tly,
th
e yo
un
g le
aves
an
d th
e fr
uit
s ar
e so
met
imes
eat
en,
the
old
leav
es a
re s
aid
to b
e u
sed
in
nat
ive
med
icin
e.
Th
e se
ed
of
this
sp
ecie
s is
re
calc
itra
nt.
Th
e se
edli
ng
is v
ery
easi
ly g
row
ing
in n
urse
ry g
rou
nd.
T
he
you
ng
plan
t (s
eedl
ing)
can
als
o be
co
llec
ted
by
cutt
ings
of
th
e or
gan
s ar
e sa
id
to
“adv
enti
tiou
s bu
ds”
Som
e of
th
e bi
g tr
ees
are
fou
nd
in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak.
Th
is t
ree
is o
ne
of
the
repr
esen
tati
ve t
ree
spec
ies
in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak v
eget
atio
n, s
ame
as
Sek
aroh
.
Apr
.-D
ec.
12.
Senn
a ti
mor
ensi
s (D
C.)
Irw
in &
B
arn
eby.
(CA
ES
AL
PIN
IAC
EA
E)
J
ohar
gaw
ah
Sm
all
tree
, ra
rely
abo
ve 1
0 m
tal
l, 15
m i
n d
iam
eter
, yo
un
g br
anch
es
and
leav
es
vary
ing
in
hai
rin
ess
from
su
bgla
brou
s to
vel
uti
nou
s in
ye
llow
to
gold
en c
olou
rs.
Low
lan
ds.
See
ms
to
pref
er
calc
areo
us
soil
. T
his
spec
ies
is
alw
ays
grow
ing
in
ligh
t-op
en
fore
sts
up
to 1
100
m. I
t is
oft
en s
een
as
a
pion
eer
spec
ies
in
fore
st
mar
gin
tow
ards
cle
arin
gs.
Th
e w
ood
is
hig
hly
resi
stan
t to
in
sect
att
acks
an
d fr
equ
entl
y u
sed
for
vari
ous
con
stru
ctio
n p
urp
oses
. Yo
un
g le
aves
are
edi
ble.
Th
e po
d ar
e lo
call
y u
sed
in
med
ical
tr
eatm
ents
of
e.g.
wor
ms.
Rap
id
grow
ing
spec
ies.
G
row
s in
fo
rest
mar
gin
, wid
ely
dist
ribu
ted
in
Sek
aroh
.
Som
e of
th
e tr
ees
hav
e go
od
grow
ing
con
diti
on in
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip
fore
st in
Sek
aroh
.
Jan
.-D
ec.
13.
Senn
a si
amea
(Lam
.) I
rwin
&
Bar
neb
y.
(C
AE
SA
LP
INIA
CE
AE
)
Joh
ar
Tre
e u
p to
c.
15 m
, yo
un
g br
anch
es
pube
scen
t, f
inel
y st
riat
e. S
tipu
les
tin
y, s
ubu
late
, cad
uco
us.
In v
ario
us
type
s of
for
est
at l
ow
alti
tude
s.
As
rapi
d gr
owin
g sp
ecie
s it
is
also
ap
prec
iate
d fo
r u
se a
s sh
ade
tree
s an
d w
indb
reak
. L
ocal
ly
use
d fo
r m
edic
inal
pu
rpos
es.
Rap
id
grow
ing
spec
ies.
A
bou
t 55
pe
rcen
t of
th
e se
edli
ngs
ar
e su
cces
sfu
lly
to b
e tr
ees.
It i
s go
od f
or i
ncr
ease
of
the
soil
fe
rtil
ity.
Ja
n.-
Dec
.
14.
Tam
arin
dus
indi
ca L
.
(CA
ES
AL
PIN
IAC
EA
E)
B
ageq
Tre
e u
p to
24
m
h
igh
, yo
un
g br
anch
lets
pu
besc
ent,
gla
bres
cen
t.
Sti
pule
s m
inu
te, f
ree,
cad
uco
us.
Th
is
wid
ely
cult
ivat
ed
plan
t is
co
mm
only
kn
own
as
‘tam
arin
d’.
Th
e ac
id p
ulp
y pa
rt o
f th
e po
ds i
s u
sed
for
vari
ous
pres
erve
s,
jam
s,
swee
ts
and
beve
rage
s.
See
d ar
e ed
ible
an
d al
so u
sed
as v
erm
icid
e.
Acc
ordi
ng
to t
he
peop
le, t
he
area
of
the
Fri
ends
hip
fo
rest
in
S
ekar
oh
was
dom
inat
ed b
y th
is p
lan
t fo
r a
lon
g ti
mes
ago
. S
ome
of t
he
you
ng
tree
s fo
un
d in
th
ose
area
s.
Jan
.-Ju
l.
15.
Cae
salp
inia
sap
pan
L.
(C
AE
SA
LP
INIA
CE
AE
)
Sep
ang
Cae
salp
inia
sap
pan
is a
sm
all
to
med
ium
-siz
ed,
shru
bby
tree
, 4-
8,
-10)
m t
all,
tru
nk
up
to 1
4 cm
in
di
amet
er,
bark
wit
h d
isti
nct
rid
ges
and
man
y pr
ickl
es,
grey
ish
bro
wn
, yo
un
g tw
igs
and
buds
h
airy
, br
own
ish
Un
der
nat
ura
l co
ndi
tion
s C
. sa
ppan
gro
ws
mos
tly
in h
illy
are
as
wit
h c
lay
soil
an
d ca
lcar
eou
s ro
cks
at
low
an
d m
ediu
m
alti
tude
s.
It
does
n
ot
tole
rate
to
o w
et
soil
co
ndi
tion
s.
Th
e w
ood
(‘ sap
panw
ood’
) w
as
a m
ajor
wor
ld s
ourc
e of
red
dye
in
Wes
t N
usa
Ten
ggar
a. D
ecoc
tion
of
woo
d an
d ba
rk
use
d fo
r tu
berc
ulo
sis,
at
onic
di
arrh
ea,
dyse
nte
ry,
post
part
um
to
nic
, sk
in
infe
ctio
ns,
w
oun
ds,
ulc
ers,
an
d an
emia
. S
eeds
u
sed
for
stom
ach
ac
hes
an
d n
ervo
us
diso
rder
s.
Dec
octi
on o
f w
ood
use
d by
wom
en
as
ton
ic
afte
r co
nfi
nem
ent,
al
so
use
d as
em
men
agog
ue
and
for
vom
itin
g of
blo
od.
Flo
wer
ing
can
occ
ur
afte
r 1
year
of
grow
th
and
usu
ally
du
rin
g th
e ra
iny
seas
on,
fru
itin
g ab
out
6 m
onth
s la
ter.
Pod
s ar
e pr
odu
ced
13
mon
ths
afte
r pl
anti
ng.
Acc
ordi
ng
to t
he
nat
ive
peop
le,
the
popu
lati
on o
f th
is s
peci
es w
as v
ery
abu
nda
nt
in
Sek
aroh
fo
rest
fo
r so
me
cen
tury
ago
. T
he
woo
d of
C.
sapp
an t
hat
exp
orte
d by
Du
tch
was
ex
plor
ed
from
S
ekar
oh.
Peo
ple
wan
t to
pla
nti
ng
mor
e th
at s
peci
es
in S
ekar
oh.
Apr
.-Ju
n.
16.
Term
inal
ia k
ange
anen
sis
Slo
ot.
(C
OM
BR
ET
AC
EA
E)
T
elis
ih, K
etap
ang
mam
e
Med
ium
siz
e tr
ee. Y
oun
g br
anch
lets
fa
irly
sto
ut
at f
irst
wit
h a
ppre
ssed
fu
lvou
s or
gol
den
pu
besc
ence
, la
ter
glab
resc
ent
Tre
e gr
owin
g al
ong
the
shor
e an
d in
m
ixed
rai
n fo
rest
on
lim
esto
ne
at 5
0 m
. T
he
fru
it a
ppea
rs a
dapt
ed f
or
wat
er-d
istr
ibu
tion
.
Woo
d fo
r bu
ildi
ng
cons
tru
ctio
n.T
he
flow
ers
for
hon
ey-b
ee.
Rap
id
grow
ing
spec
ies.
P
oten
tial
fo
r u
sed
as
a sh
ade
tree
in
th
e be
ach
are
as. T
he
popu
lati
on i
s ra
re
in L
ombo
k.
Som
e in
divi
dual
sof
th
is t
rees
are
fo
un
d in
th
e ar
ea t
hat
clo
se t
o th
e F
rien
dsh
ip f
ores
t in
Sek
aroh
.
Jun
.-D
ec.
17.
Dio
spyr
os m
arri
tim
a B
lum
e.
(E
BE
NA
CE
AE
)
Kay
u a
pi
Tre
e to
25
mh
igh,
10
0 cm
indi
amet
er
Esp
ecia
lly
nea
r th
e se
a,
alti
tude
0.
25-1
50 m
. F
ruit
sea
ten
by
bird
. Fir
e w
ood
Th
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s of
th
e sp
ecie
s in
be
hin
d of
be
ach
fo
rest
in
S
outh
L
ombo
k.
Goo
d gr
owin
g in
G
un
un
g Tu
nak
an
d S
ekar
oh.
Jul.-
Oct
.
18.
Dio
spyr
os m
onta
na R
oxb.
(EB
EN
AC
EA
E)
K
ern
gek,
Beb
eleh
Sm
all t
ree
to 1
2m
high
.L
owla
nd
to 7
00m
. H
abit
at:
in d
ry
regi
ons,
lig
ht
fore
st,
ofte
n i
n s
ton
y lo
cali
ties
.
Fir
e w
ood
Th
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s sp
ecie
sin
be
hin
d of
be
ach
fo
rest
in
S
outh
L
ombo
k.
Man
y se
edli
ngs
are
grow
ing
rapi
dly
in t
he
Fri
ends
hip
fore
st in
Sek
aroh
. Ju
l.-O
ct.
－ 71 －
No.
S
cien
tifi
c N
ame
(FA
MIL
Y)
Loc
al N
ame
Tre
es c
har
acte
rist
ics
Eco
logi
cal a
spec
tsU
ses
Tech
nic
al I
ssu
es/ N
otes
Rea
son
we
sele
ctth
is s
peci
es
Su
itab
le
seas
on
for
plan
tin
g 19
. C
leis
tant
hus
sum
atra
nus
Mu
ell.
Agr
.
(EU
PH
OR
BIA
CE
AE
)
Kay
u k
awat
Sh
urb
or
tree
5-1
4m.
Mix
ed f
ores
t, l
ocal
, al
titu
de 5
-100
m
. F
ire
woo
d P
rodu
ce
man
y fr
uit
s an
d se
eds.
M
ost
of t
he
seed
s ca
n g
erm
inat
e to
be
se
edli
ngs
. V
ery
rapi
d gr
owin
g sp
ecie
s.
Th
is s
peci
es is
wid
ely
dist
ribu
ted
in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak. I
n s
ome
loca
tion
at
thes
e ar
ea,
this
spe
cies
mak
e pu
re
fore
st. I
ts p
ossi
ble
for
plan
tin
g th
at
spec
ies
in S
ekar
oh.
Nov
.-F
eb.
20.
Dor
yxyl
on s
pino
sum
Zol
l.
(E
UP
HO
RB
IAC
EA
E)
A
we,
Ejo
s
Sm
all
shru
b to
tre
e, u
p to
15
m
hig
h,
diam
eter
in
bre
ast
hei
ght
up
to 2
5 cm
, fl
ower
ing
twig
s 2–
3 m
m
thic
k. O
ute
r ba
rk s
moo
th t
o ro
ugh
to
sh
arpl
y fi
ssu
red,
co
rky,
(l
igh
t)
brow
n
(to
grey
),
c.
3 m
m
thic
k,
inn
er
bark
(p
ale)
br
own
to
ye
llow
ish
w
hit
ish
or
pa
le
brow
n in
side
, fl
esh
y, c
. 1
cm t
hic
k, w
ood
dirt
y w
hit
e.
Com
mon
ly f
oun
d in
dry
are
as w
ith
a
year
ly d
ry m
onso
on:
open
pla
ces,
sa
van
nah
w
ith
tree
s,
mon
soon
fo
rest
(w
ith
Sch
leic
hera
, P
roti
um,
Scho
uten
ia,
Teak
an
d T
amar
ind)
, an
d ri
dges
, al
so
in
road
side
an
d n
ear
vill
ages
. S
oil
or
bed
rock
: C
alca
reou
s,
san
d br
ecci
es,
tuff
. A
ltit
ude
: sea
leve
l up
to 2
75 m
.
Liv
ing
fen
ce,
rapi
d gr
owin
g.N
oted
to
be
of p
ossi
ble
orn
amen
tal
valu
e.
Th
e tr
un
k is
go
od
mat
eria
l fo
r tr
adit
ion
al la
nce
.
No
so
man
y fr
uit
s re
prod
uce
in
fr
uit
ing
seas
on.
Gro
ws
at
Sek
aroh
an
d G
un
un
g Tu
nak
in o
pen
are
a.
Jul.-
Sep
t.
21.
Dry
pete
s ov
alis
Pax
& K
. Hof
fm.
(E
UP
HO
RB
IAC
EA
E)
K
ayu
ber
as, B
eber
as
Tre
e 12
m.
Mon
soon
for
est,
alt
itu
de 5
0-22
0m.
Woo
d co
nst
uct
ion
Q
uit
e do
min
ant
in G
un
un
g Tu
nak
. T
his
spe
cies
is
un
ique
for
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak.
Man
y se
ed
repr
odu
ced
in
one
seas
on.
Th
e se
edli
ngs
ar
e w
idel
y di
stri
bute
d in
G
un
un
g Tu
nak
.
Som
e tr
ees
grow
in
the
Fri
ends
hip
fo
rest
in S
ekar
oh.
Jun
.-S
ept.
22.
Shir
akio
psis
indi
ca (
Wil
ld.)
H
uru
saw
a.
(E
UP
HO
RB
IAC
EA
E)
J
arak
ben
gkan
g
Tre
es u
p to
30
m h
igh
, ba
se w
ith
sp
ines
an
d bu
ttre
sses
. A
lon
g ri
vers
an
d se
ash
ores
, in
ga
ller
y, t
idal
an
d m
angr
ove
fore
sts,
in
pri
mar
y an
d ad
vanc
ed s
econ
dary
fo
rest
s of
sw
ampy
an
d se
ason
ally
in
un
date
d pl
aces
. S
oil:
clay
, sa
nd,
m
ud.
V
ery
com
mon
to
sc
atte
red.
A
ltit
ude
sea
leve
l up
to 7
5 m
.
Th
e ti
mbe
r is
use
d fo
r ca
noe
s an
d is
su
ppos
ed t
o be
su
itab
le f
or i
nte
rior
w
ork.
Lea
ves
are
appl
ied
to c
ure
fe
ver
and
gon
orrh
oea.
Fru
its
and
leav
es
are
boil
ed
toge
ther
w
ith
clot
hes
as
bl
ack
dye,
bu
t al
so
yell
ow-g
reen
co
lou
rs
can
be
ob
tain
ed f
rom
it.
The
gre
en f
ruit
s ar
e u
sed
as a
fis
h p
oiso
n. T
he
seed
s co
nta
in
a dr
yin
g oi
l an
d ca
n
be
eate
n,
wh
erea
s th
e fr
uit
w
all
as
wel
l as
ot
her
pa
rts
of
the
plan
t co
nta
ins
toxi
c la
tex,
als
o kn
own
as
fish
poi
son
.
Th
e se
eds
germ
inat
e on
ly
afte
r 31
8-41
3 da
ys f
rom
sow
ing.
Rap
id
grow
ing
seed
lin
g.
Th
is s
peci
es is
dom
inan
t in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak, s
ucc
essf
ull
y gr
owin
g to
hig
h
tree
in
th
ose
area
s.
Gro
ws
in
seas
onal
ly
inu
nda
ted
plac
es
in
Sek
aroh
(c
lose
to
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip
fore
st).
Jan
.-Ju
n..
23.
Mal
lotu
s ph
ilipp
ensi
s (L
mk)
M.A
.
(EU
PH
OR
BIA
CE
AE
)
Ket
apis
an, R
itip
, Pu
der,
Cem
ek
Tre
e 5-
24 m
.F
ores
t, a
ltit
ude
1-1
.250
m.
Woo
d co
nst
ruct
ion
S
eem
s to
pi
onee
r sp
ecie
s.
It
is
prod
uce
d m
any
fru
its
and
seed
s.
Th
e po
ten
tial
of
seed
lin
g gr
owin
g u
p to
tre
e is
hig
h.
Th
is
spec
ies
quie
t do
min
ant
in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak.
Som
e in
divi
dual
s of
th
ese
tree
s m
ake
pure
st
and
ther
e.
So
ecol
ogic
al
con
diti
ons
in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak i
s al
mos
t sa
me
as
Sek
aroh
, so
th
at
this
sp
ecie
s su
itab
le f
or p
lan
tin
g in
Sek
aroh
.
Jan
.-D
ec.
24.
Bri
delia
ova
ta D
ecn
e
(EU
PH
OR
BIA
CE
AE
)
San
gga
lang
it, K
enen
gek
Ere
ct s
hu
rb 2
-4 m
.L
ivin
g fe
nce
s, b
rush
woo
ds, a
ltit
ude
5-
25 m
. F
ire
woo
d A
ssoc
iate
wit
h o
ther
bea
ch p
lan
t in
S
ekar
oh,
hig
h v
alu
e in
su
ppor
t to
m
ake
mic
rocl
imat
ic
con
diti
on
for
re-v
eget
atio
n.
Ada
ptab
le
for
Sek
aroh
. M
any
seed
lin
gs g
row
in
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip
fore
st in
Sek
aroh
.
Jul.-
Sep
.
25.
Cas
eari
a gr
ewia
efol
ia V
ent.
v
ar. g
rew
aefo
lia K
. & V
.
(FL
AC
OU
RT
IAC
EA
E)
N
angk
e ga
wah
Sh
rub
or t
ree
2-20
(-35
) m
, flu
ted
at
the
base
wh
en o
ld, b
utt
ress
es u
p to
1
m,
bark
gr
ayis
h p
ale-
brow
n
or
wh
itis
h,
rou
gh,
pust
ula
te,
bran
chle
ts q
uad
ran
gula
r, ±
den
sely
ru
sty-
tom
ento
se, s
oon
gla
bres
cen
t.
In n
ot t
oo s
had
y, o
pen
, pri
mar
y an
d se
con
dary
fore
sts,
from
low
lan
ds u
p to
450
m,
rare
ly a
scen
din
g u
p to
90
0 m
, ver
y ra
rely
up
to 1
300
m, i
n ra
ther
bar
ren
an
d st
ony
loca
liti
es,
ofte
n o
n c
alca
reou
s so
il a
nd
mar
l, al
so o
n c
oral
lim
esto
ne r
ock.
Th
e fr
uit
h
as
a bi
tter
, bu
rnin
g ta
ste.
Woo
d w
hit
e to
pal
e br
own
, ap
pare
ntl
y n
ot u
sed.
On
e of
th
e ch
arac
teri
stic
sp
ecie
s al
ong
beac
h
fore
st
in
Sou
th
Lom
bok.
G
row
s al
so
in
Rin
jan
i M
oun
tain
Nat
ion
al P
ark
at 1
200
m
alti
tude
.
Th
e po
pula
tion
of
th
is
spec
ies
grow
s in
th
e ar
ea t
hat
clos
e to
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip f
ores
t in
Sek
aroh
. Man
y se
edli
ngs
in t
hat
are
a.
Jan
.-D
ec.
26.
Hom
aliu
m g
rand
ifol
ium
Bth
.
v
ar. j
avan
icum
(K
.&V.
) S
leu
mer
(FL
AC
OU
RT
IAC
EA
E)
L
angi
t, U
ru W
atu
Bu
ttre
sses
tr
ee,
10-3
0m,
the
infl
ores
cen
ces
nea
rly
woo
lly,
18-
26
cm, l
axly
flow
ered
in
flor
esce
nce
.
Mix
ed r
ain
-for
est
up
to 2
00 m
.W
ood
har
d, d
iffi
cult
to
wor
k, u
sed
for
hou
se-c
onst
ruct
ion
. V
ery
rapi
d gr
owin
g tr
ees.
Abo
ut
70
perc
ent
of
the
seed
lin
gs
can
be
gr
owin
g to
tre
es.
Rec
omen
ded
for
plan
tin
g in
Sou
th L
ombo
k.
Th
e bi
gest
an
d h
igh
est
tree
s fo
un
d in
Gu
nu
ng
Tuna
k.
May
-Ju
n.
－ 72 －
No.
S
cien
tifi
c N
ame
(FA
MIL
Y)
Loc
al N
ame
Tre
es c
har
acte
rist
ics
Eco
logi
cal a
spec
tsU
ses
Tech
nic
al I
ssu
es/ N
otes
Rea
son
we
sele
ct t
his
spe
cies
S
uit
able
se
ason
fo
r pl
anti
ng
27.
St
rych
nos
luci
da R
. Br.
(LO
NG
AN
ICE
AE
)
Son
gga,
Dar
a pu
tih
Sm
all,
ofte
n c
rook
ed t
ree
or s
hru
b,
up
to 1
2 m
hig
h, 2
4 cm
in d
iam
eter
, sp
iny
wh
en y
oun
g. T
wig
s sp
arse
ly
pube
scen
t,
soon
gl
abre
scen
t,
bran
ches
gra
yish
, ro
ugh
by
man
y sm
all l
enti
cels
.
A
char
acte
rist
ic
plan
t of
la
nd
subj
ect
to
a dr
y m
onso
on,
in
seco
nda
ry f
ores
t, s
hru
bber
ies,
an
d sa
van
nah
s, a
lso
in l
imes
ton
e ro
cks,
op
en
plac
es
in
mon
soon
fo
rest
s,
scru
bby
fore
st,
up
to c
. 200
(-40
0) m
in
alt
itu
de.
Th
e ba
rk,
the
bitt
er w
ood,
an
d th
e ro
ot a
re m
edic
inal
ly u
sed.
T
his
sp
ecie
s is
ve
ry
popu
lar
in
Lom
bok
and
Su
mba
wa.
Th
e pe
ople
co
llec
t it
fro
m t
he
fore
st f
or s
end
to
Java
. S
ome
peop
le
in
Mat
aram
ci
ty t
ray
to c
ult
ivat
ed in
th
e po
ts.
Man
y tr
ees
grow
in G
un
un
g Tu
nak
. M
any
seed
lin
g fo
un
d in
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip f
ores
t in
Sek
aroh
.
Sep
.-F
eb.
28.
Agl
aia
arge
ntea
Blu
me.
(ME
LIA
CE
AE
)
Beb
alan
g, B
alan
gan
Tre
e u
p to
30
m
, so
met
imes
fl
ower
ing
and
fru
itin
g at
4.
5 m
. T
run
k u
p to
18
m,
up
to 6
0 cm
in
di
am.,
wit
h b
utt
ress
es t
o 1
m h
igh
an
d to
1 m
ou
t, c
. 4
cm t
hic
k. B
ark
smoo
th,
brow
n o
r gr
あyi
sh-g
reen
, lo
ngi
tudi
nall
y le
nti
cell
ate,
in
ner
ba
rk
wh
ite,
ye
llow
or
br
own
, sa
pwoo
d pa
le
brow
n,
brow
n
or
redd
ish
-bro
wn
, la
tex
wh
ite,
w
hen
pr
esen
t. T
he
low
er s
urf
ace
of t
he
leaf
lets
has
a d
ense
in
dum
entu
m o
f w
hit
e or
bro
wn
pel
tate
sca
les,
th
e fo
rmer
gi
ves
them
a
silv
ery
appe
aran
ce.
Fou
nd
in p
rim
ary,
sec
onda
ry a
nd
rive
rin
e fo
rest
, ev
ergr
een
or
se
mi-
ever
gree
n,
on g
ran
ite,
bas
alt,
sa
nds
ton
e,
cora
l sa
nd,
cl
ay
or
lim
ston
e, s
ea l
evel
up
to 1
200
m
alti
tude
, sc
atte
red
to l
ocal
ly r
ath
er
com
mon
. Som
etim
es o
n li
mes
ton
e.
Woo
d co
nst
ruct
ion
. A
ril
eate
n
by
mon
keys
, hor
nbi
lls,
ch
ildr
en.
Ver
y ra
pid
grow
ing
tree
. T
he
char
acte
rist
ic
tree
s fo
r G
un
un
g Tu
nak
for
est.
Als
o fo
un
d in
Rin
jan
i M
oun
tain
Nat
ion
al P
ark
at 8
00 m
al
titu
de.
Th
e se
ed i
s ve
ry e
asy
to
germ
inat
e.
Th
is
spec
ies
is
repl
anti
ng
by
Rin
jan
i N
atio
nal
P
ark
to
reve
geta
tion
th
eir
area
s.
Th
is s
peci
es v
ery
reco
mm
ende
d fo
r pl
anti
ng
in S
outh
Lom
bok.
Th
issp
ecie
sis
ver
y ab
un
dan
t in
G
un
un
g Tu
nak
fo
rest
. M
any
seed
lin
g is
gr
owin
g in
th
e fo
rest
fl
oor.
Sep
.-D
ec.
29.
Agl
aia
ellip
tica
Blu
me
(M
EL
IAC
EA
E)
K
ayu
sam
pi, S
entu
l gaw
ah
Tre
e 2-
20(-
40)
m,
wit
h
an
irre
gula
rly
rou
nde
d cr
own
. T
run
k u
p to
15
m,
up
to 5
0 cm
in
dia
m.,
som
etim
es
flu
ted
thro
ghou
t,
wit
h L
-sh
aped
bu
ttre
sses
upw
ards
up
to
150
cm, o
utw
ards
up
to 1
00 c
m d
an
up
to
45cm
th
ick.
B
ark
dark
re
ddis
h-b
row
n
or
gree
nis
h-b
row
n
wit
h
shal
low
pi
ts,
inn
er
bark
m
agen
ta,
sapw
ood
pale
ye
llow
pi
nki
sh-r
ed o
r da
rk r
eddi
sh-b
row
n,
late
x w
hit
e.
Bra
nch
es
pate
nt
or
asce
ndi
ng.
Fou
nd
in s
wam
p fo
rest
, se
con
dary
an
d pr
imar
y fo
rest
, ri
ver
ban
ks,
alon
g ro
ad, e
dges
of m
arsh
es a
nd
on
peri
odic
ally
in
un
date
d la
nd,
on
gr
anit
e, c
lay,
lim
ston
e, s
ands
ton
e,
san
d:
sea
leve
l to
20
00
m
in
alti
tude
, sc
atte
red
to
loca
lly
com
mon
.
Bar
k bo
iled
an
d so
luti
on b
ath
ed i
n
is u
sed
agai
nst
tu
mou
rs, l
eave
s ar
e ap
plie
d to
wou
nds
.
Th
e ch
arac
teri
stic
tre
es fo
r G
un
un
g Tu
nak
for
est.
Rap
id g
row
ing
tree
s.
Th
is s
peci
es h
as m
any
fru
its
in o
ne
seas
on o
f fr
uit
ing.
Th
e se
ed r
eadi
ly
germ
inat
e.
For
bidd
en
logg
ing
by
the
peop
le i
n G
un
un
g Tu
nak
for
est.
Th
e po
pula
tion
is
ab
un
dan
t in
G
un
un
g Tu
nak
for
est
and
som
e of
th
em h
as g
row
n t
o bi
g tr
ees.
Man
y se
edli
ngs
are
fou
nd
in t
he
floo
r of
th
e fo
rest
.
Jun
., N
ov.-
Mar
.
30.
Aza
dira
chta
indi
ca A
. Ju
ss.
(M
EL
IAC
EA
E)
I
mbe
Tre
e to
16
m, b
ole
to 6
0 cm
in d
iam
. B
ark
red-
brow
n o
r gr
eyis
h, f
issu
red
and
flak
ing
in o
ld t
rees
, in
ner
bar
k re
d-br
own
w
ith
co
lou
rles
s,
stic
ky
foet
id s
ap, s
apw
ood
wh
itis
h.
Wh
ere
nat
ura
lize
d, in
ope
n t
hic
kets
an
d sa
van
na,
to
225
m in
alt
itu
de.
Woo
d is
u
sed
as
buil
din
g co
nst
ruct
ion
, th
e le
aves
is
use
d as
tr
adit
ion
ally
m
edic
ine
agai
nst
m
alar
ia, a
nd
also
pes
tici
de.
Imbe
is
pote
nti
ally
on
e of
th
e m
ost
impo
rtan
t of
all
tro
pica
l se
ason
al
fore
st
tree
s,
hav
ing
prov
ed
to
be
very
ad
apta
ble
and
able
to
w
ith
stan
d ar
id
con
diti
ons.
It
ca
n
grow
in
impr
over
ish
ed s
oil
and
is a
fa
st g
row
ing
sou
rce
of f
uel
woo
d.
Imbe
ca
n be
an
ag
gres
sive
ly
inva
sive
tre
e an
d it
nee
ds c
aref
ul
con
trol
to
pr
even
t it
s sw
ampi
ng
oth
er c
rops
.
Rea
dily
es
tabl
ish
edth
e fo
rest
. M
any
popu
lati
on o
f th
is s
peci
es i
s gr
owin
g in
th
e ar
ea t
hat
clos
e to
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip f
ores
t in
Sek
aroh
. Som
e of
th
em
esta
blis
hed
in
the
Fri
ends
hip
fo
rest
al
so.
Th
ey
prod
uci
ng
man
y se
edli
ngs
.
Jan
.-D
ec.
31.
Dys
oxyl
um g
audi
chau
dian
um
(A.J
uss
) M
iq.
(M
EL
IAC
EA
E)
K
etai
Tre
es t
o 36
m,
bole
to
80 c
m
in
diam
., fl
ute
d, b
utt
ress
es t
o 2.
5 m
ta
ll,
3.5
m o
ut,
con
cave
, pl
ank
like
. B
ark
grey
-bro
wn
, sm
ooth
to
sc
alin
g,
len
tice
llat
e to
de
nse
ly
pust
ula
r,
inn
er
bark
cr
eam
ish
, fl
ecke
d or
ange
, sa
pwoo
d cr
eam
ish
. C
row
n r
ath
er i
rreg
ula
r, o
f m
asiv
e br
anch
es
and
twig
s w
ith
larg
e te
rmin
al r
oset
tes
of le
aves
.
Pri
mar
y an
d se
con
dary
fo
rest
in
clu
din
g sw
amp
fore
st,
bam
boo
woo
dlan
ds
and
fore
sts
on
lim
esto
ne,
to
1800
m a
ltit
ude
.
Th
e tr
ee h
as m
edic
inal
pro
pert
ies.
T
he
seed
tak
en b
y bi
rd.
Ver
y fa
st
grow
ing
tree
. P
rodu
ce
man
y se
eds
in
one
seas
on
of
ruit
ing.
A
bou
t 80
per
cen
t of
th
e se
eds
beco
me
to s
eedl
ing
, an
d 50
pe
rcen
t of
th
at s
eedl
ings
to
the
tree
s.
Th
is
spec
ies
has
w
idel
y di
stri
bute
d in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak.
Th
is
spec
ies
is s
aid
as p
ione
r tr
ee.
On
e of
th
e m
ain
tre
es i
n G
un
un
g Tu
nak
for
est
and
succ
esfu
lly
mak
e pu
re s
tan
d. G
ood
plan
tin
g tr
ee i
n
Sek
aroh
, es
peci
ally
to
mix
ed w
ith
an
oth
er
nat
ive
tree
s.
Jan
.-D
ec.
－ 73 －
No.
S
cien
tifi
c N
ame
(FA
MIL
Y)
Loc
al N
ame
Tre
es c
har
acte
rist
ics
Eco
logi
cal a
spec
tsU
ses
Tech
nic
al I
ssu
es/ N
otes
Rea
son
we
sele
ct t
his
spe
cies
S
uit
able
se
ason
fo
r pl
anti
ng
32.
Ziz
iph
us
rotu
ndi
foli
a L
amk.
(RH
AM
NA
CE
AE
)
Bek
ul,
Gol
, Bid
ara
Tre
e or
so
met
imes
er
ect
shu
rb,
bran
chle
ts u
sual
ly d
roop
ing,
you
ng
bran
ches
zi
g-za
g,
den
sely
sh
ortl
y br
own
-hai
ry,
one
stip
ula
r th
orn
of
each
pa
ir
recu
rved
, 2-
5 m
m,
the
oth
er
one
usu
ally
sm
alle
r an
d st
righ
t, o
r ab
sen
t.
Lig
ht
fore
st,
sava
nna
s, d
ry r
egio
n
belo
w 4
00 m
. F
ruit
ed
ible
. T
he
leav
es
for
med
icin
e.
Th
is s
peci
es is
pot
enti
al t
o be
sh
ady
tree
. S
ome
spec
ies
of
bird
m
ake
nes
t in
th
e ca
nop
y of
th
e tr
ee.
In
Sek
aroh
, bu
ffal
ow m
ate
usu
lly
take
to
fee
din
g u
nde
r th
e ca
nop
y. F
ast
grow
ing
tree
s.
Som
e tr
ees
are
fou
nd
in
the
Fri
ends
hip
fo
rest
in
S
ekar
oh,
espe
cial
ly n
ear
the
coas
t.
Jan
.-M
ar.
33.
Zizi
phus
ang
usti
foli
a (M
iq.)
Hat
us.
ex
Ste
enis
.
(RH
AM
NA
CE
AE
)
Ku
nyi
t
Lar
ge c
anop
y tr
ee (1
5-25
m h
igh
) or
sm
all
sub-
can
opy
tree
, T
run
k cy
lin
dric
al
(15-
30
cm
in
diam
.),
stra
igh
t (b
ole
6-15
m
lo
ng)
, bu
ttre
sses
ab
sen
t,
spin
es
abse
nt,
ae
rial
ro
ots
abse
nt,
st
ilt
root
s ab
sen
t, B
ark
grey
or
dark
bro
wn
, ro
ugh
, sc
aly
or
flak
y,
slig
htl
y fi
ssu
red,
or
pu
stu
lar,
le
nti
cels
ro
un
ded/
swel
lin
g.
Gro
ws
in
coas
tal
and
mon
soon
fo
rest
. W
ood
for
buil
din
g co
nst
ruct
ion
s.K
un
yit
has
man
y fr
uit
s in
fru
itin
g se
ason
. T
he
fru
its
is d
istr
ibu
ted
by
bird
.
Som
e tr
ees
grow
vi
goro
usl
y in
G
un
un
g Tu
nak
an
d pr
duci
ng
man
y se
edli
ngs
. T
his
spec
ies
is im
port
ant
to
plan
tin
g in
S
ekar
oh
to
be
asso
ciat
ed w
ith
Ary
ther
a lit
tora
lis
in u
niq
ue
com
mu
nit
y.
Dec
.-F
eb.
34.
Mic
rom
elum
m
inut
um (
For
st.f
.)
Wig
ht.
& A
rn.
(R
UT
AC
EA
E)
K
emu
nin
g ga
wah
, Cer
men
an g
awah
Tre
e or
er
ect
shu
rb
2-12
m
, u
nar
med
. F
ores
ts, m
ost
vari
able
.F
low
ers
are
nec
tar
sou
rce
for
butt
erfl
ies
and
hon
eybe
e.
Ver
y fa
stgr
owin
g sp
ecie
s.
Fru
its
prod
uct
ion
is t
hro
ugh
out
the
year
. G
ood
for
impr
ovin
gm
icro
clim
ate
in
the
fore
st.
Jan
.-D
ec.
35.
Zant
hoxy
llum
rhe
tsa
(Rox
b.)
DC
.
(RU
TA
CE
AE
)
Pan
ggal
bu
aya,
Mem
eni
Tre
e to
35
m.
Low
lan
ds, d
ryis
h f
ores
tsT
he
woo
d is
exp
orte
d to
Bal
i fo
r H
andi
craf
t.
Th
e po
pula
tion
of
th
is
spec
ies
is
very
rar
e in
Lom
bok,
en
dan
gere
d sp
ecie
s.
Th
is s
peci
es g
row
wel
l in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak f
ores
t. A
ccod
ing
to t
hel
ocal
pe
ople
, th
is s
peci
es h
ad g
row
n i
n S
ekar
oh f
or lo
ng
tim
es a
go.
Dec
.-Ja
n.
36.
Ary
tera
litt
oral
is B
lum
e.
(S
AP
IND
AC
EA
E)
K
un
yita
n
Tre
es,
rare
ly s
hru
b, 2
-40
m h
igh
, db
h.
7-91
cm,
bark
sm
ooth
, gr
ayis
h
gree
n t
o re
ddis
h t
o al
mos
t bl
ack
Low
lan
d, i
n p
rim
ary
and
seco
nda
ry
fore
st o
n a
ll k
ind
of s
oils
, al
titu
de
0-15
00 m
.
Woo
d fo
r bu
ildi
ng
cons
tru
ctio
ns
and
fire
woo
d.
Ver
y ra
pid
grow
ing
spec
ies.
T
his
sp
ecie
s pr
odu
ces
man
y fr
uit
s i
n
one
seas
on.
Alm
ost
the
seed
s be
com
e to
see
dlin
gs a
nd
sapl
ings
.
Th
e ch
arac
teri
stic
spe
cies
of
beac
h
fore
st. M
any
tree
s gr
ows
in G
un
un
g Tu
nak
for
est.
G
ood
for
plan
tin
g in
S
ekar
oh
to
mix
ed
wit
h
anot
her
n
ativ
e sp
ecie
s.
Sep
.-Ja
n.
37.
Ela
tost
tost
achy
s ve
rruc
osa
(Bl.
) R
adlk
.
(SA
PIN
DA
CE
AE
)
A
ge
Sm
all
tree
s or
sh
rubs
, 4-
22m
hig
h,
10-3
0 cm
in
di
amet
er
at
brea
st
hei
ght,
ba
rk
smoo
th,
brow
nis
h,
0.5-
1 m
m t
hic
k, w
ood
dirt
y w
hit
e.
Alt
itu
de r
ange
fro
m n
ear
sea
leve
l to
90
0 m
. G
row
s in
dr
ier,
m
ore
seas
onal
rai
n f
ores
t.
Woo
d fo
r bu
ildi
ng
cons
tru
ctio
ns
and
fire
woo
d.
Rap
id g
row
ing
spec
ies.
Th
is s
peci
es
fou
nd
in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak
and
Rin
jan
i Mou
nta
in N
atio
nal
Par
k.
Wid
ely
dist
ribu
ted
in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak f
ores
t. I
n S
ekar
oh,
fou
nd
at
area
nea
r th
e be
ach
.
May
-Sep
.
38.
Lep
isan
thes
rub
igin
osa
(Rox
b.) L
een
h.
(S
AP
IND
AC
EA
E)
K
erer
onga
n, K
elay
u
Sh
rub
or s
mal
l tr
ee,
up
to 1
6 m
h
igh
, DB
H. u
p to
28
cm.
Alt
itu
dal
ran
ge i
s no
t w
ide,
fro
m
nea
r se
a le
vel
to 1
00 m
. G
row
s on
m
onso
on f
ores
t.
It
is
use
d on
ly
for
fire
woo
d,
a de
coca
tion
of
ro
ots
and
leav
es,
som
etim
es a
lso
of f
ruit
s an
d se
ed i
s u
sed
med
icin
ally
aga
inst
fev
er.
Th
e ch
arac
teri
stic
tre
e in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak f
ores
t.
Th
e po
pula
tion
of
th
is
spec
ies
is
very
hig
h i
n G
un
un
g Tu
nak
. It
has
w
idel
y di
stri
bute
d. G
ood
plan
tin
g tr
ee in
Sek
aroh
for
mix
pla
nti
ng.
Dec
.-M
ar.
39.
Scle
iche
ra o
leos
a M
err.
(SA
PIN
DA
CE
AE
)
Kes
ambi
, Kes
ambi
k
Tre
e, u
p to
40
m h
igh,
dbh
. u
p to
2
m,
but
usu
ally
m
uch
le
ss,
(wit
h sl
igh
t bu
ttre
sses
), t
he
bole
usu
ally
cr
ooke
d.
Mon
soon
fo
rest
, lo
wla
nds
, in
dr
y re
gion
s,
espe
cial
ly
in
peri
odic
ally
dr
y lo
cali
ties
.
Th
e ba
rk fo
r m
edic
ine,
Th
e w
ood
for
buil
ding
con
stru
ctio
n.
Th
is s
peci
es i
s sa
id t
o be
pio
nee
r tr
ee s
peci
es i
n S
outh
Lom
bok.
S
ome
tree
s ar
e fo
un
d in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak.
Goo
d pl
anti
ng
tree
s fo
r re
-veg
etat
ion
in
Sek
aroh
. M
any
tree
s of
th
is
spec
ies
succ
essf
ull
y pl
ante
d by
peo
ple
in S
ekar
oh.
Oct
.-F
eb.
40.
Sapi
ndus
sap
onar
ia L
.
(SA
PIN
DA
CE
AE
)
Soy
ot
Sm
all
to
med
ium
-siz
ed
deci
duou
s tr
ee
wh
ich
6-
15
m
in
hei
ght.
C
row
n s
prea
d ca
n r
each
7-9
m, a
nd
tru
nk
can
be
grow
n 0
.3-0
.6 m
in
di
amet
er.
Bra
nch
es a
re c
omm
only
er
ect
and
form
a r
oun
ded
crow
n.
Tw
igs
are
brit
tle,
mod
erat
ely
stou
t,
yell
owis
h-g
ray
to g
ray-
brow
n
and
pube
scen
t to
gla
brou
s.
Th
e th
in
bark
is
spli
t by
dee
p fi
ssu
res
into
lo
ng
nar
row
pl
ates
.
Bar
k is
gr
ayis
h t
o re
ddis
h-b
row
n a
nd
scal
y.
Soy
ot
grow
s al
ong
rive
rs
and
can
yon
, an
d in
de
sert
w
ash
es,
arro
yos,
an
d dr
y w
ater
cou
rses
. I
t al
so g
row
s si
ngl
y or
in
th
icke
ts i
n
foot
hil
ls
and
upl
ands
, at
th
e m
argi
ns
of w
oods
, an
d in
pas
ture
ra
vin
es
on
was
te
grou
nd.
It
is
pa
rtic
ula
rly
wel
l re
pres
ent
man
y ri
pari
an
woo
dlan
d co
mm
un
itie
s.
Soy
ot
com
mon
ly
grow
s on
h
ighl
y ca
lcar
eou
s or
cla
yey
soil
s.
Woo
d fo
r bu
ildi
ng
con
stru
ctio
ns.
T
he
fru
it is
use
d as
soa
p.
Soy
ot
prod
uce
s an
abu
nda
nce
of
seed
an
nu
ally
. S
eed
sou
ndn
ess
aver
age
appr
oxim
atel
y 77
per
cen
t.
Sin
ce g
erm
inat
ion
of
Soy
ot i
s of
ten
di
ffic
ult
, pr
etre
atm
ent
is r
equ
ired
to
des
troy
see
dcoa
rt.
Ger
min
atio
n ca
n
gen
eral
ly
be
impr
oved
by
so
akin
g se
eds
in s
ulf
uri
c ac
id f
or 2
h
ours
or
mor
e, a
nd
then
str
atif
yin
g se
eds
in
moi
st
san
d at
35
to
45
degr
ees
F (
2-7
degr
ees
C)
for
90
days
.
Th
e po
pula
tion
of
so
yot
is
quit
e h
igh
in
G
un
un
g Tu
nak
. S
ome
of
this
tre
es f
oun
d in
Sek
aroh
clo
se t
o th
e F
rien
dsh
ip f
ores
t.
Dec
.-M
a r.
－ 74 －
No.
S
cien
tifi
c N
ame
(FA
MIL
Y)
Loc
al N
ame
Tre
es c
har
acte
rist
ics
Eco
logi
cal a
spec
tsU
ses
Tech
nic
al I
ssu
es/ N
otes
Rea
son
we
sele
ct t
his
spe
cies
S
uit
able
se
ason
fo
r pl
anti
ng
41.
Pla
ncho
nella
obo
vata
H.J
.Lam
.
(SA
PO
TA
CE
AE
)
En
jol-
enjo
l, A
rnan
a, D
okah
Tre
e to
40
m, 5
0 cm
in d
iam
eter
Usu
lly
fou
nd
just
abo
ve s
ea l
evel
. G
row
s in
be
ach
fo
rest
on
sa
ndy
sh
ores
an
d ro
cky
hea
dlan
ds.
Th
e w
ood
is g
ood
for
buil
din
g an
d h
andi
craf
. T
his
sp
ecie
s pr
odu
ces
abu
nda
nt
seed
an
nu
ally
. S
eed
sou
ndn
ess
aver
ages
app
roxi
mat
ely
65%
.
Gro
ws
nea
r th
e be
ach
in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak.
Fou
nd
in r
ocky
hea
dlan
ds
in S
ekar
oh c
lose
to
the
Fri
ends
hip
fo
rest
.
Jul.-
Au
g.
42.
Man
ilkar
a ka
uki (
L.)
Du
bard
.
(SA
PO
TA
CE
AE
)
Saw
o ke
cik
Tre
e to
16
m, 5
0 cm
in d
iam
eter
Bea
ch f
ores
t,al
titu
de t
o 50
0 m
.W
ood
is
expo
rted
to
B
ali
for
han
dicr
aft.
F
ruit
ed
ible
. It
is
pl
ante
d as
ro
ad
side
tr
ees
in
Mat
aram
Cit
y. T
he
woo
d h
as h
igh
pr
ices
.
Th
is
spec
ies
prod
uce
s ab
un
dan
tse
ed
ann
ual
ly.
Saw
o ke
cik
is
a pr
orit
y sp
ecie
s fo
r co
nse
rvat
ion
in
W
est
Nu
sa T
engg
ara
Pro
vin
ce.
Th
e po
pula
tion
of
this
spe
cies
is
very
ra
re i
n L
ombo
k be
cau
se o
f il
lega
l lo
ggii
ng.
Som
e tr
ees
grow
s in
G
un
un
g Tu
nak
. G
ood
plan
tin
g tr
ees
in t
he
Fri
ends
hip
for
est
area
in
Sek
aroh
, be
cau
se t
he
ecol
ogic
al c
ondi
tion
is
suit
able
for
th
e sp
ecie
s.
Jun
.-S
ep.
43.
Kle
inho
via
hosp
ita
Lin
n.
(S
TE
RC
UL
IAC
EA
E)
B
eror
e
Med
ium
tre
e to
20
m t
all a
nd
90 c
m
girt
h,
crow
n
deep
, de
nse
, ob
lon
g,
wit
h
asce
ndi
ng
spre
adin
g li
mbs
, bo
le f
orki
ng
low
, fre
ely
suck
erin
g in
ol
d tr
ees,
ba
rk
grey
-faw
n,
fin
ely
fibr
ous
fiss
ure
d, s
urf
ace
pow
dery
.
Sec
onda
ry l
owla
nd
fore
st,
slig
htl
y se
ason
al
clim
ates
, a
vigo
rou
s co
mpo
nen
t of
se
con
dary
fo
rest
, oc
asio
nal
ly c
ult
ivat
ed.
Woo
d fo
r h
andi
craf
t.T
his
spe
cies
is
one
of t
he
tree
th
at
be r
ecom
ende
d fo
r pi
onee
r sp
ecie
s fo
r re
vege
tati
on
in S
outh
Lom
bok.
T
he
very
rap
id g
row
ing
tree
.
Th
e po
pula
tion
of
th
is
spec
ies
is
bein
g ab
un
dan
t in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak.
Goo
d pl
anti
ng
tree
in
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip
fore
st
in
Sek
aroh
fo
r en
han
cem
ent
of
reve
geta
tion
.
Dec
.-F
eb.
44.
Pte
rosp
erm
um d
iver
sifo
lium
Blu
me.
(ST
ER
CU
LIA
CE
AE
)
Kle
ang,
Kli
ang
Med
ium
tr
ee
20
m
tall
an
d 21
0 gr
ith
, bo
le f
lute
d an
d tw
iste
d, w
ith
shor
t bu
ttre
sses
, ba
rk i
rreg
ula
rly,
di
stan
tly,
sca
ly,
len
tice
llat
e, y
oung
tw
igs
den
sely
cov
ered
wit
h b
row
n
stel
late
hai
ry.
Fou
nd
in f
ores
t-ed
ge,
bru
shw
oods
, vi
llag
e-th
icke
ts.
Woo
d fo
r bu
ildi
ng
cons
tru
ctio
n, f
ire
woo
d fo
r to
bacc
o in
dust
ry.
Ver
y ra
pid
grow
ing
tree
. H
avin
g pr
oved
to
be
very
ada
ptab
le a
nd
able
to
wit
hst
and
arid
con
diti
ons.
Th
e po
pula
tion
in
scat
tere
d fo
un
d in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak f
ores
t. G
ood
tree
sp
ecie
s fo
r re
vege
tati
on
in
the
Fri
ends
hip
fo
rest
in
S
ekar
oh,
espe
cial
ly in
for
est-
edge
.
Feb
.-M
ay
45.
Gre
wia
eri
ocar
pa J
uss
.
(TIL
IAC
EA
E)
R
inge
, Ren
ge
Sh
urb
or
tree
.O
pen
mix
ed f
ores
t, t
eak-
fore
st.
Woo
d fo
r bu
ildi
ng
cons
tru
ctio
ns
and
file
woo
d.
Th
is s
peci
es h
as w
idel
y di
stri
bute
din
S
outh
L
ombo
k.
Th
is
spec
ies
prod
uce
s ab
un
dan
t se
ed
thro
ugh
out
the
year
. V
ery
rapi
d gr
owin
g sp
ecie
s.
Nat
ura
lly
grow
s in
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip
fore
st
in
Sek
aroh
an
d ad
jace
nt
loca
liti
es. M
any
seed
lin
gs a
re f
oun
d sc
atte
rin
g in
th
e ar
ea.
Goo
d tr
ees
for
fore
st r
eveg
atio
n in
Sek
aroh
.
Jan
.-D
ec.
46.
Scho
uten
ia o
vata
Kor
th.
(T
ILIA
CE
AE
)
Wal
iku
kun
, Len
gku
kun
, Kal
iku
kun
,
Ku
kin
, Ku
kon
, Ku
ku, K
uku
ng,
Lu
hu
Sh
urb
to
tr
ee
24
m,
60
cm
in
diam
eter
, br
anch
lets
de
nse
ley
stel
late
ly p
ube
scen
t.
Wid
spre
ad,
espe
cial
ly
in
dry
hab
itat
s, f
ores
t, t
o 90
0 m
W
ood
for
buil
din
g co
nstr
uct
ion
, fir
e w
ood
for
toba
cco
indu
stry
. T
he
char
acte
rist
ics
spec
ies
for
dry
hab
itat
in
Sou
th L
ombo
k.
Hav
ing
prov
ed
to
be
very
ad
apta
ble
and
able
to
wit
hst
and
arid
con
diti
ons.
Th
e cl
imax
po
pula
tion
fo
un
d in
G
un
un
g Tu
nak
. Th
e h
igh
est
tree
of
Wal
iku
kun
in
Lom
bok
is f
oun
d in
G
un
un
g Tu
nak
. T
his
spe
cies
gro
ws
at t
he
Fri
ends
hip
fore
st in
Sek
aroh
, bu
t n
ot
man
y po
pula
tion
. B
ut,
m
any
seed
lin
gs a
re
fou
nd
in t
he
Fri
ends
hip
for
est
area
.
Dec
.-M
ay
47.
Cel
tis
phili
pine
nsis
Bla
nco
.
v
ar. w
ight
ii (P
lan
ch.)
Soe
padm
o.
(U
LM
AC
EA
E)
T
engk
iat
Sm
all
to l
arge
tre
e, u
p to
30
m a
nd
80 c
m i
n d
iam
eter
. B
utt
ress
es
if
pres
ent
up
to 2
.5 m
tal
l, 2
m w
ide
and
10 c
m t
hic
k. B
ark
smoo
th t
o fi
nel
y fi
ssu
red,
pa
le
grey
to
gr
ey-b
row
n.
Un
ders
tore
y tr
ee
in
prim
ary
and
seco
nda
ry f
ores
ts,
on v
ario
us
type
s of
soi
ls,
at l
ow a
ltit
ude
s (0
-650
m),
of
ten
gre
gari
ous
and
very
com
mon
lo
call
y.
Th
ough
not
du
rabl
e, t
he
woo
d is
lo
call
y u
sed
for
hou
se-b
uil
din
g.
Th
is s
peci
es i
s ch
arac
teri
stic
s fo
r
prim
ary
and
seco
nda
ry
fore
st
at
Sou
th L
ombo
k.
Hav
ing
prov
ed
to
be
very
ad
apta
ble
and
able
to
w
ith
stan
d ar
id
con
diti
ons.
R
apid
gr
owin
g tr
ees.
Te
ngk
iat
prod
uce
s an
abu
nda
nce
of
seed
an
nu
ally
.
In
Lom
bok,
bi
gges
t tr
ees
of
this
sp
ecie
s is
fou
nd
at G
un
un
g Tu
nak
fo
rest
. T
his
spe
cies
is
fou
nd
also
to
grow
ing
in
an
area
cl
ose
to
the
Fri
ends
hip
for
est
in S
ekar
oh.
Mar
, D
ec.-
Feb
.
48.
Cel
tis
pani
cula
ta (E
ndl
.) P
lan
ch.
(U
LM
AC
EA
E)
K
emed
ong
Sm
all
to la
rge
tree
, up
to 3
0 m
, 9
0 cm
in
di
amet
er,
Bar
k sm
ooth
ye
llow
ish
-gre
y.
Pri
mar
y an
d se
con
dary
fo
rest
, 0-
900
m,
on
wel
l dr
ain
ed
soil
s in
clu
din
g co
ral
lim
ston
e, v
ery
ofte
n
com
mon
loca
lly.
Woo
d is
lo
call
y u
sed
for
hou
se-b
uil
din
g an
d fu
rnit
ure
. T
his
sp
ecie
s pr
odu
ces
abu
nda
nt
seed
an
nu
ally
. Rap
id g
row
ing
tree
. G
row
s in
Gu
nu
ng
Tun
ak.
Som
e of
th
e bi
g tr
ees
is
foun
d lo
call
y in
G
un
un
g Tu
nak
. G
ood
plan
ting
tre
e fo
r th
e F
rien
dsh
ip f
ores
t in
ord
er t
o en
han
ce r
eveg
etat
ion
.
Sep
.-M
ay
49.
Vit
ex p
ubes
cens
Vah
l.
(VE
RB
EN
AC
EA
E)
T
igar
on
Big
tre
e 10
-30
(
-50)
mL
owla
nds
, in
dry
are
as.
Woo
d fo
r bu
ildi
ng
con
stru
ctio
n,
med
icin
e, a
nd
fire
woo
d.
Tig
aron
has
wid
ely
dist
ribu
tion
in
G
un
un
g Tu
nak
, th
is
spec
ies
is
char
acte
rist
ic t
o dr
y ar
ea i
n S
outh
L
ombo
k,
prod
uce
s ab
un
dan
t se
ed
ann
ual
ly, v
ery
rapi
d gr
owin
g tr
ee.
Som
e of
th
e tr
ee a
re f
oun
d in
th
e F
rien
dsh
ip f
ores
t ar
ea i
n S
ekar
oh.
Man
y se
edli
ng
is g
row
ing
in t
hat
ar
ea.
Feb
.-D
ec.
－ 75 －
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