AP Biology

Lesson 1.7Human Genetics and Biotechnology

Speaker: Jun W. Yao

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Biotech

What would you do if…

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You are now sitting in a lab and preparing an experiment to transfer a segment of gene into a tomato seed to elongate the ripening process. What are the materials that you need to produce transgenic tomatoes?

1. gene segment

2. tomato seeds

3. gene inducing agent

4. agents for checking the success of genetic modification

How

What

Why

Example

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How

What

Why

Please, note that gene is part of a genome. Thus, to obtain a segment of DNA, we need to identify the location of our target genes.

Different genes usually contain different intron sequences before and after them.(Hint.) Remember what we have talked about the “scissors” ?

Now, we have the idea of how to gain our gene. So, the next thing is to prepare things for it.

Please, explain why did you choose to perform this experiment.

Step 1. Obtain the target gene

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How

What

Why

Please, note that gene is part of a genome. Thus, to obtain a segment of DNA, we need to identify the location of our target genes.

Step 2. Prepare proper gene insertion agent

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How

What

Why

Depend on the type of cell that one wish to genetically modify, the agent and the method used to introduce genes vary.

Step 3. Check if the process succeed

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How

What

Why

Genetic engineering does not always succeed. The checking process varies based on the restriction of experiments that one wishes to perform and the results from the previous two steps.

Feel free to change any of the steps before this one if you find the experiment difficult to perform.

How do we locate a gene in a genome?

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Restriction enzymes are the immune-like protective system in bacteria to avoid phage infection. These enzymes can recognize a specific sequence and hydrolyze the backbone on both sides of the double helix.

Restriction Enzyme

An artificial way of replicating DNA in vitro by using polymerase from a kind of hot spring bacteria.

Polymerase Chain Reaction

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