16 京大原子炉専門研究会プログラム160726（最終版）

ISSN 1342-0852

Proceedings of the Specialists' Meeting on

Effects of the Fukushima-1 Accident on Organisms around the Nuclear Power Plant Site

(August 3 - 4, 2016)

Edited by : Saito T. Fukumoto M. Imanaka T.

Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University

KURRI-EKR-15

i

2011 3

2 2014 40 12 2015 70 24 2016 8 3 4 2 74 23 2016 23 3

2016

5 2016

ii

Preface

The Fukushima-1 accident in March of 2011 released a large quantity of radioactive substances

and caused significant radioactive environmental contamination. The current research on the effects

of the radioactive contamination on humans has numerous problems, although it has been conducted

on a relatively large scale because of the great deal of interest in the topic. On the other hand,

systematic research on the effects of the radiation around the nuclear power plant site on organisms

exposed to a wide range of radiation from low to high doses compared to humans has apparently

lagged behind. Understanding the radiation effects on organisms around the nuclear power plant site

would provide important information for us to consider regarding the effects of the accident on

humans and their environments.

After the Fukushima-1 accident, many scientists voluntarily began studies and surveys to clarify

the effects of the accident and of the radioactive contamination on many types of organisms. Two

workshops were held as opportunities for the scientists conducting these studies and surveys to

discuss the issues. In these workshops, meaningful discussions ensued, about 40 participants attended

the 12 presentations in 2014, and more than 70 participants attended the 24 presentations in 2015.

Based on the outcomes of first two workshops, the third workshop, entitled Effects of the

Fukushima-1 Accident on Organisms around the Nuclear Power Plant Site, was held on August 3

and 4, 2016, at the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University. There were 23 presentations and 74

participants at the third workshop. This paper reports the proceedings of the third workshop.

The three workshops were successful because a great deal of information was exchanged among

the various scientists and their understanding of other fields of research increased. Because of the

active discussions at the 2016 workshop, a consensus was developed on the future direction for this

research. It is truly meaningful that the 2016 workshop was a success because five years had passed

since the accident, making 2016 a milestone year as the early stage of research on the effects of the

accident.

Despite this progress, the effects of the accident on organisms around the nuclear power plant site

and the ecosystem are complex. Therefore, it is important to continue collecting, integrating, and

preserving phenomena, and it is vital to continue long-term research projects using these data; sharing

obtained results is extremely important. We hope that the 2016 workshop will contribute to the

development of future research.

December 2016

SAITO Takeshi

iii

1. 1

2.

13

3. 21

4.

33

5. 37

6. EGS5

47

7. EPMA 54

8.

65

9. 70

10. 20132015

77

11. Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic profiling of low-level gamma irradiated rice at Iitate village, Fukushima

Randeep Rakwal 94

12. 119

iv

13.

130

14. 132

15.

134

16. 141

17.

157

18. 90Sr238Pu,239240Pu 1

172

19. 190

20.

195

21. 204

22. Cs

220

23. 233

1,2, 1 1,3 1

1 2 3

DNA

DNA

1

1

1,2, 1 1,3 14 5 G

1 2 3 4 5

2016.07.06 325 (20 + 5

3.6mSv/

2

203

4ICRP pub 41 (1984)

3

10-4 10-3 10-2 0.1 1 10 100 103 104 105

mSv/

Gy/

6 mGy/ *

1mSv/

1.8-3.7mSv/

20mSv/

10 200 4000400

4

0.05 mGy/ 20 mGy)1 mGy/ 400 mGy)20 mGy/ 8000 mGy) (Tanaka, S. et al., Radiat. Res. 160:376-9, 2003)

1

2

3,4

3,5

3,6

7

8,9

10

(-)3

1. Radiat Res 160: 376 (2003) 2. Radiat Res 167: 417 (2007) 3. Unpublished results4. Int J Radiat Biol 87:729 (2011)5. Radiat Res 173: 333 (2010)

6. Radiat Res 171: 290 (2009)7. Radiat Res 173: 138 (2010)8. Radiat Res 174: 611 (2010)9. J Radiat Res 50: 241 (2009)10. J Radiat Res 49: 661 (2008)

5

(238U, 232Th)

(222Rn)

(232Th)

(226, 228Ra)

(137Cs)131I

(Memorial University HP)

The Radium Girls

(Asahi-com.or.jp)

(224Ra)

239Pu)

(Harrison JD & Muirhead CR, Int J Radiat Biol 79:1, 2003; Brenner AV et al, Environ Health Perspect, 119:933, 2011.)

(134, 137Cs)

6

43.5 32.335.6 26.015.4 35.431.3 6.3

9.60.2

81.58.6

(%)

(Andersson M et al. Rad Res 1994)(Mori T et al. Ibid 1999)

11

12Preston, Radiat Res 2007Fukumoto M. Pathol Int 64:doi:10.1111/pin.121, 2014

20

7

1st hit

Mf

Yamamoto Y et al. Health Phys 99:388, 2010.80

16

9

134Cs 137Cs (mGy)

1 1960.7-1.2 0.4-0.6

3.9-4.42 0.8

2 3153.2-6.1 1.8-3.4

6.9-11.41.3 0.6

Yamashiro H et al. Sci Rep 8(3): 2850, 201317

0.1 Gy

18

MDA

SOD

H2O2

H2O

GPx

MDA Puthran et al, 20093.5mSv MDA Serhatlioglu et al, 2003

Klucinski et al, 2008

Urushihara et al PlosOne 2016

10

10

DNA / RNA 2D barcode tubes

(-80oC)

Electron Probe Microanalyzer

Lazar microdissection

/ (-

2016.02.24

11

2D barcode tubes

(-80oC)

Electron Probe Microanalyzer

Lazar microdissection

/ (-

2016.02.24

12

10 100 1000 10000

(Gy)

15

Lethal Zone

(4 km2)

Medium damage Zone

(120 km2)

Sublethal Zone

(38 km2)

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>80-100 Gy10-20 Gy4-5 Gy0.5-1.2 Gy

(

(

17

**

**

**

19

2011 3 11 1F

1F137Cs

2011 12 14 1F 20km16

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2011 3 1F

30m2012 10 2013 1 2 3

2012 10 1F 30km 66

1F 10m, 20m, 30m2012 10 2013 1 7 9/10 2014 1 7 2015 1 7 30m

10m 20m

134Cs 137Cs15 20

2013 2015

2012 10 66 1F1,650 Bq/kg

TOC T-N2014 1 30m 10 30 Bq/kg

30 50 Bq/kg 500 100 Bq/kg 10 40 mBq/L 2013 7 230

57.6 100 Bq/kg wet137Cs 102

100A 10~20m

B 10m C 10m~20m D 20m 30m 4 A1F B

CD

B C D 20132014

33

2011

wIV 2011 2 6 27.3

2012 wV VI 2011 1 10

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ctg ctb csb

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PLD 5%

37

Hirosaki University, Chromosome Research Group Tomisato Miura, Ph.D.


38



November 2, 2014

39



40


Hirosaki

NamieFields

Distancefrom

F1-NPP(km)

Dose rate in the air ( Gy/h)

2011 2012 2013

Autumn Spring Autumn Spring

Namie

Tsushima 28.5 20.2 - - -

Akogi 22.8 29.1 28.9 26.9 15.2

Murohara 15.3 - 15.6 14.2 9.7Tatsuno 12.6 8.79 - - -

Tanashio 8.8 0.59 0.55 0.52 0.66

Ide 8.4 - 25.3 24.5 16.4

Ukedo 6.8 - 0.45 - -

Hirosaki

Owasawa 352.1 0.05 0.05 0.05 -

Sakamoto 349.2 0.06 0.06 0.06 -


41


FragmentDIC

Ring

Chromatid gap Chromatid break Chromosome break


42



43



44



45


46

EGS5

ICRP 12

ICRPDerived Consideration

Reference Levels 0.1 mGy/dGarnier-Laplace

J, et. al. (2011) 30 3.9 mGy/dICRP

20112012 2014

Apodemus speciosus

EGS5ICRP

47

1

EGS5

2

3.9 mGy/day (1.4 Gy/year)

1.0 10 mGy/day :

30 Garnier-Laplace J, et. al. (2011)

48

3

International Commission of Radiological Protection and Environmental Protection. The Concept and Use of Reference Animals and Plants; Annals of ICRP; Publication 108;

0.1 1.0 mGy/day:

1.0 10 mGy/day :

0.01 0.1 mGy/day :

10 100 mGy/day :

100 1000 mGy/day :

>1000 mGy/day : 6-10 Gy LD50/30 1Gy LD50

5

( Sv/hr)

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2012 2013 2014 2015

Sv/hr

year

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Bq/kg

(Bq/kg)

8

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0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

51

Cs137 Cs134

Cs137 CsCs1

Cs137 * EGS5** ***

* **Hirayama, Namito, Bielajew, Wilderman and Nelson (2005),SLAC-R-730/UC-407and KEK Report 2004-5 ***Cs137

9

HANDY SURVEYMETER Type NHE20CY3-131BY-S (Fuji Electric)

2012 n=27 15 12 2013 n=19 13 62014 n=16 10 6 2015n=11 8 3

(

30g * 20mm 122mm 23g 17mm 104mm

merge

(* (1980))

52

11

n=19 n=20 n=27 n=15 n=5 n=5

. .

100

53

EPMA

55

Kubota et al., J Environ Radioact 2015;142:12431.

24

http://www.env.go.jp/jishin/monitoring/results_wl_d130314.pdf

122 mGy/Year Okano et al., Scientific Reports, 6:23601, 2016

56

(EPMA)Cs

2012 11 2013 4 2016 4

57

Seq150 2012/5/29 2012/5/29 36.962721 2015/11/20 2015/11/20 34.15 2072811 2016/4/18 2016/4/18 42.75 223

Seq215 2012/11/6 2012/11/6 23.53 189 26.9 Gy/h

260 2013/4/19 2013/4/19 32.42 195 Gy/h572 2016/4/12 2016/4/12 36.21 202 12.3 Gy/h575 2016/4/13 2016/4/13 29.17 204 12.3 Gy/h

2016/4/14 2016/4/14 10.81 145 12.3 Gy/h594 2016/4/15 2016/4/15 28.08 215 12.3 Gy/h595 2016/4/16 2016/4/16 44.45 248 12.3 Gy/h257 2013/4/19 2013/4/19 30.2 295 16.4 Gy/h596 2016/4/14 2016/4/14 50.09 245 5.3 Gy/h597 2016/4/14 2016/4/14 43.52 223 5.3 Gy/h

3 mH E

EPMA

58

X

EPMA

Shimazdu EPMA 1720

Electron Probe Microanalysis :

www.ube ind.co.jp

59

1 8 2 1

Seq150 2012/5/29 2012/5/29 36.96

Seq215 2012/11/6 2012/11/6 23.53 189 26.9 Gy/h

260 2013/4/19 2013/4/19 32.42 195 Gy/h257 2013/4/19 2013/4/19 30.2 295 16.4 Gy/h

EPMA

150 ( )

Cs

NS NS

Cs

60

EPMA

Cs

S NNS

Cs

5

Seq2811 2016/4/18 2016/4/18 42.75 2232721 2015/11/20 2015/11/20 34.15 207

Seq572 2016/4/12 2016/4/12 36.21 202 12.3 Gy/h575 2016/4/12 2016/4/12 29.17 204 12.3 Gy/h

2016/4/13 2016/4/13 10.81 145 12.3 Gy/h594 2016/4/14 2016/4/14 28.08 215 12.3 Gy/h595 2016/4/14 2016/4/14 44.45 248 12.3 Gy/h596 2016/4/14 2016/4/14 50.09 245 5.3 Gy/h597 2016/4/14 2016/4/14 43.52 223 5.3 Gy/h

61

2 EPMA

S N

Cs

NS

Cs

EPMA

S N

Cs

NS

Cs

62

EPMA

Cs

S N

Cs

NS

EPMA

S N

Cs

NS

Cs

NS

Cs

63

HE

EPMA S N

EPMACs

1 2 5

Cs

64

2011

27km

3.6 Sv/hr 2011 10 70km

0.2 Sv/hr 12

29km

4.5 Sv/hr 2014 9 2015

9 11 80-120 3 4

2014

0-5cm

65

1 2 1 1 1

2016 8 3 4590 0494

66

3.6 uSv/hr2011

0.2uSv/hr2011

7 10 uSv/hr2012

67

Cs134+137

Cs137

Cs134

SE

Bq/kg

134137

2015

Bq/kg

Cs134+137

Cs137

Cs134

Cs134+137

Cs137

Cs134

SE

134137

2015

68

20132016 7 10

349

1/5

2013 20145 4

2013 9 18

70

2013 2014 8 9

1372013

MMC2014

2015 105

2014 20132015

MMC

3

1

77

2013-2015

1.5 2016.6.18.

78

2013 2014

134Cs + 137C Bq/m 2

TG13, 14KW14

NG14

MD13, 14

WD13

KM13MS14

2011 11 5

MD13, 14 KM13 WD13:NG14 MS14 KW14TG13,14:

79

4 5

May-Grunwald Giemsa

5 mH.E

NPO

80

uSvBq/kg 137Cs

Bq/kg134 137

2013

MD13 2.5 5 8200

KM13 2.5 4 53000

WD13 3.6 5 21000

TG13 0.04 4 55

2014

MD14 1.5 5 12000

NG14 3.3 5 57000/66000

MS14 0.9 4 38000

KW14 0.2 5 4100

TG14 0.03 5 - 11

Cs Cs Cs total

402 921 1323 731

1540 3493 5033 1157

1818 4168 5986 2619

3 10 13 5.5

100 328 438 214

306 1004 1310 532

243 815 1058 29421 69 90 42

6 6 1

81

T

MMCMMC

82

MMC

2013

83

2014

2014

3

BT T

TT

84

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

/mm3 /mm3

/mm3 /mm3

(Neutrophil)

(Basophil)

(Monocyte)

(Lymphocyte)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

1 10 100 1000 10000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

1 10 100 1000 10000137Cs Bq/kg

/mm

3

NG14WD13:MS14KM13MD13, 14KW14TG13,14:

2013

2014

2014

85

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

1 10 100 1000 10000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

1 10 100 1000 10000137Cs Bq/kg

/mm

3

NG14WD13:MS14KM13MD13, 14KW14TG13,14:

2013

2014

2014

0

500

1000

1500

2000

1 10 100 1000 10000

137Cs Bq/kg

/mm

3

NG14WD13:MS14KM13MD13, 14KW14TG13,14:

2013

0

500

1000

1500

2000

1 10 100 1000 10000

2014

2014

86

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

1 10 100 1000 10000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

1 10 100 1000 10000137Cs Bq/kg

/mm

3

NG14WD13:MS14KM13MD13, 14KW14TG13,14:

2013

2014

2014

2013

20132014

87

2015

88

137Cs 2015.10.7.

0

1000

2000

3000

0 10 20 30 40 50 600 10 20 30 40 50 60cm

3000

2000

1000

0

137Cs

Bq/k

g)

22013

Cs

90

1

2016 9 2

IISORA IISORA

NPONPO

93

Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic profiling of low-level gamma irradiated rice at Iitate village, Fukushima Randeep Rakwal Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, and Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS), University of Tsukuba

E-mail: [email protected]

We have been investigating the effects of low dose of gamma radiation in rice, following the 2011-3.11 Great Tohoku Earthquake and the subsequent nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. To do so, the contaminated Iitate Farm field (hereafter ITF) located in Iitate village, 31 km from the damaged nuclear power plant having an ambient radiation level of ~ 5 Sv/h, around 100 times higher than natural background radiation for Japan (~ 0.05 Sv/h), was used for investigating low-level gamma radiation experiments using Japonica-type rice (Oryza sativa L.) as a model system. Two experimental designs were used, first, a two-week-old seedling model for leaf, and second, growing rice in the contaminated soil till harvest for seeds. In experiment 1, the leaves were sampled at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h post-gamma irradiation at ITF, and rice whole genome 4x44K DNA microarray chip revealed differentially regulated 4481 (induced) and 3740 (suppressed) and 2291 (induced) and 1474 (suppressed) genes at 6 and 72 h, respectively. Gene expression profiles in DNA replication/repair, oxidative stress, photosynthesis, and defense/stress functions were validated by RT-PCR. Simultaneously, 2D-DIGE-based analysis at 72 h revealed 91 differentially expressed spots, whose MALDI-TOF and TOF/TOF mass spectrometry analyses identified 59 different (50 up-accumulated, 9 down-accumulated) proteins. These results unraveled the molecular responses at the level of the genome and proteome in vegetative leaf tissues. In experiment 2, we grew rice in the contaminated site (rice field) in ITF, till maturity and harvested the seeds. These seeds were compared with the seeds harvested from the rice grown in the clean soil in Minamisoma (Fukushima) at the level of the genome and metabolome under continuous gamma radiation exposure outside and inside the rice plant. An Agilent-based multi-omics workflow and analyses was used for the seed study to reveal the modulation of several metabolic and defense pathways related to the stress response of plants. It can be said that the rice plants grown in radionuclide-contaminated soil form seeds with an elevated defense capability against stress. Currently, we are investigating the rice seed proteome-wide changes using 1-DE shotgun approach in combination with mass spectrometry.

94

o

o

106

o

o

110

Mousseau et al. 2014, Oecologia 175: 429-437)

120

(

Mousseau et al. 2014)

Mousseau et al. 2014)

121

Control

Control

125

Control Radiation Control Radiation

Mixed model, glmer in Rradiation /control P=0.690

Mixed model, glmer in Rradiation /control P=0.254

126

(Gy)

(Gy)

128

1 1 2 1,2

2 http://w3.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/bcphunit/fukushimaproj.html

2 2011 5 Zizeeria maha5 3

3

10 10 12

GM

Cs134 Cs137 K40

100 100 260 cm

10 3

10

10 3

PCR EFI

COI

130

1 2 1, 2

1. 2.

(Zizeeria maha)

1

(Pieris rapae)

(2 ) 40.71 1.7K 6.2K 15K Bq / kg ND 15.2

6.9 107.9 Bq / kg

132

BLV

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

10 15 20 25

137

587 11,130 40.9 2009 122010 3

558 9,834 28.7 2010 122011 4

138

Table 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters of Cs in SD rats (2 weeks after the dose: CsCl(117mmol/kg=15mg/kg)) t1/2() hr T1/2() hr MRT hr F (bioavailability) %

IV 5.1 1.7 155 16 136 9 - PO 5.1 3.1 160 34 136 20 87 5

Vdss l/kg CLtot ml/min/kg CLr ml/min/kg Urinary recovery % IV 14.6 1.6 1.8 0.2 0.7 0.1 40 3 PO 14.4 3.1 2.0 0.2 0.8 0.2 41 9

Table 2. Pharmacokinetic parameters of Cs in SD rats (16 weeks after the dose: CsCl(117mol/kg=15mg/kg)) T1/2() hr T1/2() hr T1/2() hr MRT hr F (bioavailability) %

IV 2.11.2 5322 28929 27522 - PO 4.03.4 6831 34118 30847 9110

Vc l/kg Vdss l/kg Cltot ml/min/kg Clr ml/min/kg Urinary recovery % IV 6.52.7 27.02.9 1.70.3 1.00.2 634 PO 5.92.1 29.94.5 1.60.0 1.10.2 6311

141

Table 3. Elimination half lives of Cs in Wagyu Organs (14 weeks after the multiple dose of 137Cs (100kBq/day for 21days)

T1/2() day T1/2() day Muscles 14.03.1 60.87.9

Parenchymal organs

8.80.6 66.53.0

GI tract 7.21.6 63.77.4 Lymph node 7.13.6 82.827.7

Glands 9.92.9 70.83.9 CNS 26.36.3 - Blood 9.9 69.3 Urine 7.7 69.3

Days after the last Cs-137 intake in Wagyu

Blood

Muscles

Blood

Urine

Cs-

137

conc

entr

atio

n(B

q/kg

)

142

http://liffn.jp/

Cs

( )

( )

Cs Cs?

Cs

KaBioavailability

143

Days after Cs administration

Cs c

once

ntra

tion(

M)

Cs

plasma

Dose CsCl 117 mol/kg po (15mg/kg)

RBCT1/2 160h

Bioavailability 87%

Days after Cs administration

Cs c

once

ntra

tion(

M)

Cs

plasma

Dose CsCl 117 mol/kg po (15mg/kg)

RBC T1/2 300h

Vdc 6.5L/kgVdss 30L/kgCLtot 1.65ml/kg/h

Bioavailability 91%

144

Days after the first Cs administration

Cs c

once

ntra

tion(

M)

CsPB

Ctr

PBPB

Ctr

100

10

1

0.1

0.010 20 40 60 0 20 40 60

PBPB

T1/2 300hDose poCsCl 3.6 mol/kg/dayPB 500 mol/kg/day

145

Cs (Rat)

Cs

( )

( )

63%

PB PB Cs PB

Cs

PB

146

Total 129 kBq

81 kBq

Total 48 kBq

33 kBq33 kBq

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

149

Cs c

once

ntra

tion(

M)

Days after the last Cs administration

C(t)=A*exp(-t* )+B*exp(-t* )

T1/2( ): 9.9 T1/2( ): 69.3

Cs c

once

ntra

tion(

M)



T1/2( ): 9.9

T1/2( ): 69.3

150

Cs c

once

ntra

tion(

M)



T1/2( ): 9.9 T1/2( ): 69.3

Cs c

once

ntra

tion(

M)



T1/2( ): 9.9T1/2( ): 69.3

151

Cs c

once

ntra

tion(

M)



T1/2( ): 9.9

T1/2( ): 69.3

Cs c

once

ntra

tion(

M)



T1/2( ): 9.9

T1/2( ): 69.3

152

Cs c

once

ntra

tion(

M)



T1/2( ): 9.9

T1/2( ): 69.3

Cs c

once

ntra

tion(

M)



T1/2( ): 9.9

T1/2( ): 69.3

T1/2( ): 7.7

T1/2( ): 69.3

153

Cs c

once

ntra

tion(

M)



T1/2( ): 9.9

T1/2( ): 69.3

CV CV14.0 3.1 22.3 60.8 7.9 12.9

8.8 0.6 6.4 66.5 3.0 4.5

7.2 1.6 21.6 63.7 7.4 11.6 7.1 3.6 50.1 82.8 27.7 33.5 9.9 2.9 28.9 70.8 3.9 5.5 26.3 6.2 23.6 4.6 3.1 67.8 33.1 17.2 52.0

T1/2( ): 9.9 T1/2( ): 69.3T1/2( ): 7.7 T1/2( ): 69.3

154

Cs

( )

( )

Cs Cs?

Cs

Bioavailability?

?

T1/2( ): 60-70

155

(90Sr 238Pu,239 240Pu)1

1) 2) 3) 1)

1) 1) 1)

1)2)3)

, 28 8 4

2

Prologue & Backgrouund

174

3

4

175

5

6

176

12

23

23 9 30

17000 Sr 895700 Sr 90(Bq/m2)Sr 89/Sr 901.9~6.5( 6,5)

179

13

0.55Pu 2380.66Pu 239+240(Bq/m2)Pu 238/Pu 239

0.02610.053

238,239+240,2412 24 8 21

14

502Bq/m2

3070Bq/m2

180

15

1.61Pu 2387.52Pu 239+240(Bq/m2)Pu 238/Pu 239

0,02610.214

16

181

90Sr 238Pu,239 240Pu

24 12

182

19

Q

1999 20091789

(2003 35 )2003 57

2003 452003 29

(2004 34 )(2004 54 )

2004 482004 18

1980 13

183

90Sr 238Pu, 239 240Pu

8 (TMF500,MORITA )

53mesh90Sr

238Pu 239+240Pu

238Pu239+240Pu:(

90Sr

9.6mBq/g H28.04

6.8m Bq/g H28.04

184

23

2004 (2016)7 mBq/g Ca

51 1970)35 1983)

28 1993)

17(2013)

1970 1985309

198010 mBq/g Ca

1971 1979

185

198010 mBq/g Ca

26http://www.kankyo hoshano.go.jp/01/0101flash/01011812_2.html

40

1965 36Bq 23Bq/day 632008 0.031Bq/day 1 1000

186

Sr90Sr 90 2004

(20 )

28

DM) M) P

28 4 11

187

29

Sr 90 7 mBq/g Ca

2004

188

2011

20

189

1 2 3 3 4 3 3 3

5 5 3 6 1, 7

1 2 3 45 6 7

NaI ( )1

1,158Bq/kg 6383

1

402 2

(1)

1 (2) 1

190

Dosimetry method of animals affected by Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant No.1 accident

1 1,2 1 3 4 1

( 1 2 3 4 )

( FNPP )

2011 8

FNPP 20km

2011 8 29 2013 3 7

204 Particle

and Heavy Ion Transport Code System ( PHITS )

Geo Information System ( GIS )

(Sato et al., 2012) FNPP

Te-132/I-132 I-131

Cs-134 Cs-137 (Imanaka et al., 2012)

Cs-134 Cs-137

20 Te-129m

Te-129m Te-132 14.5

Tagami et al.,

2013)

FNPP

ICRP

PHITS PHITS

( ICRP Pub.108 )

I-131 Cs-134 Cs-137

Te-129m

GIS

PHITS ICRP 8

200 Gy

30

0.47-

0.84

Te-132 / I-132

7 3

.

195

Figure 1

196

2011 3 15132 129m

14.5 : 1.00 (Tagami etal, 2013)

PHITS

GIS

198

Figure 2

Figure 2

PHITS/ICRP

199

Table 0

Table 1

200

Table 2

Figure 3

201

Table 3

Figure 4

202

Te 132 / I 132

73

203

[[ ]

1

127mTe 109129mTe 33.6

1

(IAEA)

[ ] 1.

(Te 1000, Wako)

(CsCl 99.9 %, Wako)

1 mg/dry-soil-kg

4

1 4 150 g 200 g

(Incu Tissue 7272100mm, SPL LIFE

SCIENCES) (Raphanus

sativus var. sativus) (Brassica rapa var.

perviridis) 1 1

1.5 2 cm

8 16 22

2 2

1.5 2cm

2.

1 3.

(CD.15S, ) 70 % HNO3

; 5 ml 30 % H2O2 ; 1.2 ml Topwave,

100 mg

100 mg

ICP-MS(HP-4500, Yokogawa, Japan)

204

[[ ] 1.

127mTe 129mTe

1.11015 Bq 3.31015 Bq

1)

127mTe 129mTe 1 3

2. 137Cs Saito 2011 6

14129mTe 137Cs

137Cs 129mTe2)

137Cs

129mTe

A B127mTe 129mTe

134Cs 137Cs Saito

3. IAEA Technical Report

Series 4723)

4.

ICRP Publication724)

127m Te, 129mTe, 137Cs, 134Cs

3 1 5 10 15

5. 1g

E()/g

E()/g = Ce()

C(Bq/g)

e()

1 g

E()/g

E()/g =C0 e() exp ( -T1/2 / t ) dt

C0

(Bq/g)

e()

T1/2 (days)

t (days)

t = 0 (day) t = 365 (days)

[ ] 1.

2.

(134+137Cs)

(127m+129mTe)

1

137Cs 134Cs

2

[ ]

pH

IAEA TRS 472 1

IAEA

100

12

205

1) ; IAEA

, Available

at:

http://www.meti.go.jp/earthquake/nuclear/backdro

p/pdf/app-chap04-2.pdf 2016 2 1

2) K. Saito, I. Tanihata, M. Fujiwara, T. Saito, S.

Shimoura, T. Otsuka, Y. Onoda, M. Hoshi, Y.

Ikeuchi, F. Takahashi, N. Kinouchi, J. Saegusa, A.

Seki, H. Takemiya and T. Shibata; Detail

deposition density maps constructed by large-scale

soil sampling for gamma-ray emitting radioactive

nuclides from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear

power plant accident. J. Environ. Radioactiv. , 139,

308-319 (2015).

3) International Atomic Energy Agency; IAEA

Technical Report Series 472. Handbook of

parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide

transfer in terrestrial and freshwater environments,

Vienna (2010).

4) International Commission on Radiological

Protection; ICRP Publication 72, Ann. ICRP, 26,

26-27 (1995).

9.210-3 3.010-2 1.110-2 2.710-1

8.610-3 3.210-2 2.310-2 7.610-1

7.410-3 5.110-2 6.710-3 3.910-1

(Sv)

1 5 10 15

1

134+137Cs 15.3 12.4 23.9 34.7 38.5 127m+129mTe 3.5 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.0

(134+137Cs)+(127m+129mTe) 18.9 14.2 25.8 35.9 39.5

2

134+137Cs 283.0 228.3 442.4 641.2 711.1 127m+129mTe 9.8 5.0 5.0 3.2 2.7

(134+137Cs)+(127m+129mTe) 292.8 233.3 447.4 644.4 713.8

1

134+137Cs 11.1 8.9 13.9 18.3 22.0 127m+129mTe 2.4 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.5

(134+137Cs)+(127m+129mTe) 13.5 10.2 14.9 18.9 22.5

2

134+137Cs 60.7 49.0 76.1 100.5 120.8 127m+129mTe 2.5 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.6

(134+137Cs)+(127m+129mTe) 63.2 50.2 77.1 101.1 121.4

206

2016/8/4

2011 3

207

1

50 70

(ICRP) Publication 72 (Publ.72)

208

IAEA)Technical Report Series 472(TRS 472)

35 15

290 811 1

46683

1

/

100 50 50 10

134137

90

106

2012 4

1

1 mSv/year

[Bq/kg]

1

209

!

210

1mg/dry soil kg

1 4

8 1622

60 %

Soil 1:Soil 2Soil 3Soil 4

4

Soil pH(H2O)Ex.K Ex.Na Ex.Ca Ex.Mg Alo Feo Sio T C T N

cmolc/kg %1 5.4 9.39 1.63 24.82 19.91 17.08 1.92 11.07 14.12 0.562 7.6 0.99 0.19 24.94 2.51 0.69 1.52 0.31 2.72 0.273 5.7 0.81 0.11 14.03 4.84 2.56 2.87 0.20 1.32 0.104 6.4 1.75 0.04 2.55 0.43 34.13 11.45 14.73 3.88 0.36

pH(H2O)

Ex. K, Na, Ca, Mg

(Alo) (Feo) (Sio)

(T C) (T N)

4

211

I

III

IIIIII

I

II

III

I

ICP MS

Alo Feo

Soil 1,4

K

Soil 1,4

Alo Feo

212

Soil 2

Soil 1,4

Alo Feo

213

These data were measured and presented by Saito et al.

137Cs 129mTe

137Cs 129mTe

A B

A

B

129mTe

127mTe, 129mTe, 131mTe, 132Te

129mTe

3.

B129mTe : 137Cs = 0.71 : 1

2011/6/14A,B

134Cs : 137Cs = 0.91 : 1A

129mTe : 137Cs = 1.49 : 1

2011/3/11

127mTe : 129mTe1 : 3

Saito

127mTe: 109d129mTe: 33.6d131mTe: 30h132Te : 78.2h

127mTe

215

(TRS 472,

(134+137Cs)

(127m+129mTe)

2011/4/30

2011/10/30

216

(Bq/kg)134Cs 137Cs

A 60 59 2011/5/438 39 2011/5/14

B 2 1100 1100 2011/4/132 220 200 2011/3/30

134Cs 137Cs

137Cs

137Cs

2500Bq/kg

1 (g)3 1 5 10 15

*1 31.0 31.0 45.4 45.0 54.1*2 27.7 27.7 50.6 55.1 61.1

217

40

100

1.1 8.3

1.4 17.4

IAEA TRS 472

5.

218

2 Cs 90Sr

101 100 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5

10-6

10-7

Cs

1,* , 2 1, 1, 1

1 2

1 Cs

100 m

220

100 m

226

100 m

228

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

0 2 4 6 8

Coun

ts

X ray energy (keV)

O

CNa

Mg

Al

Si

K

Ca

Ti Fe

Fe

104

103

102

101

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

0 2 4 6 8

Coun

ts

X ray energy (keV)

O

CNa

Mg

Al

Si

K

Ca

Ti Fe

Fe

104

103

102

101

229

1986 4

watching

1990

Krivolutsky

1986-1988(1999)

Krivolutsky

R(D+15) mR/h 15

rad

16 15 60 150 160

5 30 40 300 400 11 15 240 150 2500

14 51 15 60 150 600

26 10 60 100 600

2 30 80 500 1200

9 30 80 200 560 2 30 80 400 600

15 30 80 350 600

14 30 80 200 560

100rad Gy

233

187

8

D.A. KrivolutskyBioindication of Radioactive Contamination

NAUKAMoscow 1999 400

234

D.A. Krivolutsky Bioindication of Radioactive ContaminationNAUKA Moscow 1999 pp106-122.

235

(1988)

Kuzbov et el. 1991

237

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1 10 100 1000 10000

137

100

Bq/m

2G

y h-

1

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1 10 100 1000 10000

Gy

h-1

238

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 10 20 30

Cum

ulat

ive

expo

sure

at 1

m a

bove

gro

und

per

initi

al C

s137

dep

ositi

on o

f 1,0

00 k

Bq m

-2, m

Gy

Elapsed time after deposition, year

Total: ChernobylCs134+Cs137: ChernobylTotal: FukushimaCs134+Cs137: Fukushima

239

27

R(D+15) mR/h

15

rad

16 15 60 150 160

5 30 40 300 400 11 15 240 150 2500

14 51 15 60 150 600

26 10 60 100 600

2 30 80 500 1200 9 30 80 200 560

2 30 80 400 60015 30 80 350 600

14 30 80 200 560

100rad Gy

240

1986 7 1988 A.N.Severtsov

E.A.FyodorovFyodorov

1986 4 281986 9 1987

Krivolutsky etal 1988 1990; Krivolutsky 19941991

1986 1987

30km 1986 5 1986 1987 7 -8

Prister Shein 1979 1980KRB-G-1 RUP-1

G.N Shein

R(t) t mR/h RD+15 15 mR/h

7.5 RD+15 -0.75 e-3.51 10-3t

70-75 2 1986

30km 27 1

D.A. Krivolutsky Bioindication of Radioactive Contamination NAUKA Moscow 1999 pp106-122.

242

96

1986

mR/h cm-2 min-1 R

3km 86/7/18 49.7 2940

30km 86/7/18 6.1 916

3km 86/9/23 8.0 1.0 5.0 8600

30km 30km15 D+15

D+15 1mR/h 1 60287033

1986-1987

Krivolutsky 1983 IEMEZh225 cm 3cm 10

5cm2 25cm2

!!!!!!

km

1986 30

243

20cm

1987 4

1545

30 100.9 1.4mR/h

Dendrobaena octaedra Eisenia nordenskioldi 1988

krad

50 3 30

12

15

2 2.5 3km

1987 199350 1995

30km

1986 8

10km 1986 8 1

0.3krad 4krad

244

50

30km

30km

30km 45

30km

!!! !!!

(?) 1.5

10 (?)

245

(?)(???)

30km

134 137

246

(N

b95

Zr95

R

u103

R

u106

C

s134

C

s137

C

e141

C

e144

318

41

1 25

66

32

7694

0

3920

73

60

3070

63

16

33

1258

51

51

05

115

50

3057

45

59

021

600

4960

22

134

4503

10

76

3455

181

67

5 10

75

414

2808

0 71

20

9474

57

60

397

1200

114

5 28

3 11

680

1520

11

842

1579

181

67

5 10

472

414

2808

0 71

20

2529

2 57

60

397

1200

116

41

2396

18

13

049

760

1640

0 21

600

4979

5 14

210

2055

5 94

4 33

00

644

1

1 0

1920

19

59

1 28

138

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4 20

7 0

6880

54

38

50

150

38 161

3 491

15

458

35

1434

54

7 10

69

567

1225

1 67.1

64

132

7 26

1 18

0 33

6 20

2 24

2 10

2 22

3 27

135

38

3 57

13

16

8 20

3 14

0 20

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3 5

25

165

34

20

4280

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10

3652

73

33

8000

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96

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31

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261

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1246

247

137Cs 137Cs No.1 19.7 No.5 21.9

No.2 43.2 No.6 22.2 No.3 11.3 8.6 No.4 15.1

134 137 60

137 22pCi/kg !!! !!!

137

137137 0.76 0.56

0.86 Ci/kg137

137

0.12 1.0

0.3 2.0

0.3

0.5 0.2

1987 8 1 400rad 5000rad1987 1 1986 8 1

10 20 50 1986

1987 30km

1987

40

248

1987

1987 30km

33 120

1986 19871.5

40 1987

R(D+15) mR/h 15

rad

16 15 60 150 160

5 30 40 300 400 11 15 240 150 2500

14 51 15 60 150 600

26 10 60 100 600

2 30 80 500 1200

9 30 80 200 560 2 30 80 400 600

15 30 80 350 600

14 30 80 200 560

249

1986-19872-3

30km 13790

1986-1987 137 13 20

137 20 450Ci/ km 5km5 16137 0.6 Ci/kg 22kBq/kg 13.4 500kBq/kg 9.5

350kBq/kg 0.7 26kBq/kg 137 450Ci/ km137

15 20 137 20 35Ci/km 13 20 5km 137

0.23 3.8 Ci/kg 8.5 1400 kBq/kg

137 0.1 3.7 Ci/kg 3.7 140 kBq/kg137

5km137

137137

90 1.5 Ci/kg 56

kBq/kg 0.6 Ci/kg 22kBq/kg 2 Ci/kg 74kBq/kg

1986 9 5km

250

3.52 3

30km

Kn

90 137

90 137137 Kn 1.4 1.7

Kn 2 90 137

2km 5

270km 137 2kmKn 0.06 Kn 0.2 5km Kn 0.2 Kn

0.6 270km Kn 4.9 Kn 0.6

30km

30km

90 137

251

137

90

137 137Kn

1986 1987 19871988 1988

1987

10mR/h2 2.5

10mR/h 1989

1990 1988 1988 30km

1987 3 4

1988

252

1986 1987

1988 30km 1987

1988 1988

1986 1988 400 600mR/h

1991 30km

50 120rad

30km 80 95

70

40 60 10 20

30km

50

2016.7.20

253

2016 8 3 4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6. EGS5

7. EPMA

8.

9.

10. 2013 2015

11. Randeep Rakwal Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic profiling of low-level gamma irradiated rice at Iitate village, Fukushima

254

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18. 90Sr 238Pu,239 240Pu

1 19.

20.

21.

22.

Cs 23.

255

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