172695095 Giao Trinh Day Nghe Hvkt Tu Xa Tron Bo 12 Chuong Update 092013

Gio trnh dy ngh Ha vin kin trc t xa Chng 1

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Mc ch chng: + Hiu c cc khi nim c bn. + p dng lnh tt ch nh v. + T duy hnh hay ni cch khc l nhn hnh chn lnh. + S dng nhuyn 30 lnh ngh.

Chng 1.1: CC KHI NIM C BN A- V hnh bt k trn mn hnh

v hnh bt k trn mn hnh ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:

1- G tn lnh nhn phm spacebar (hay cn gi l : gi lnh)

2 -Chn im mc (u) bng cch click chut ln mn hnh hoc nhp ta @x,y hoc bt im

3- Nhp tip cc im tip theo tng t nh bc 2 (ty theo lnh)

B- Khi nim zoom & pan

- Pan hnh (bn v): khi ta nhn gi nt chut gia v r.

- Zoom hnh (bn v): khi ta ln nt chut gia

+ G Z-spacebar, dng chut khoanh vng cn phng

+ G Z-spacebar -> A-spacebar (E-spacebar) zoom ton mn hnh

C- Chn i tng & cch dng lnh

- Click chut vo i tng chn (nhn Ctrl chn thm v nhn Shift b bt i tng)

- Qut chut chn:

+ Qut t tri qua: chn cc i tng nm trong khung qut

+ Qut t phi qua: chn cc i tng khung qut i qua.

- Spacebar (enter, phi chut, esc) kt thc lnh.

- Spacebar (enter, phi chut) gi lnh trc .

- Sau khi gi lnh ta dng tham s P (g P+spacebar t bn phm) chn cc i tng trc .

Lu : Ta c th gi lnh trc xong chn i tng hay chn i tng trc xong gi lnh.

Tham kho thm y : http://www.cadviet.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=201

D- Bt im

- Trong qu trnh v ta nhn shift+phi chut gi bng bt im.



1- im cui

2- im gia

3- im tm

4- im nt

5- im 1/4

6- im giao

7- im ko di

8- im chn

9- im vung gc

10- im tip xc

11- im gn nht

12- Dng trong 3D

13- im song song

E- Layer

- Trong cc bn v Autocad, cc i tng c cng chc nng c nhm thnh 1 layer (hay cn gi l lp). V d: Tng, Ca, Vt dng,...

- Mc ch: Qun l i tng.

- Mi layer c cc thuc tnh ring nh: mu sc, kiu nt (linetype), dy nt (lineweight),...

Vn kh khn cho ngi mi hc Cad l: nh lnh. gii quyt vn ny ta gn lnh tt cho cc lnh gc ca Acad v d nhin l ta phi thuc lng b lnh tt ny.



Chng 1.2: LNH TT - L nhng lnh gc ca Acad c ngi dng t li tn cho d s dng (d nh).

* 3 Quy tc t lnh tt:

- t cho nhng lnh dng thng xuyn. - u tin gn cho nhng ch ci pha bn tri v tay tri dng g lnh, tay phi gi chut. - D nh (1 ch ci hoc 2 ch ci trng)

- File tham kho : acad.pgp (file nh km C1.2.1)

- Cch chp file lnh tt ca ngi khc: Tm th mc support v chp (copy) lnh tt ca ngi khc vo (p dng cho ngi cha t lnh tt)



Nu s dng Win XP th click vo mi tn ly ng dn n th mc Support



- Chp file acad.pgp

- Nu s dng Win 7 th click vo ng dn Ctrl+C v paste vo trnh duyt explorer n th mc Support



- Chp file acad.pgp

- Cch t to (thm) lnh tt (p dng cho ngi mun update lnh tt)

+ Bc 1: nh trn + Bc 2: copy (lnh gc) ri sa tn lnh

- lnh tt c hiu lc ta g REINIT-spacebar



Chng 1.3: CC LNH TO HNH & HIU CHNH

(Lu : ta ch hc chc nng c bn ca lnh, cc thng s m rng ca lnh tm thi ta cha quan tm)

1- PL (V) : Lnh v a tuyn gm cc on thng v cc cung trn + G V-spacebar + Click chut hoc nhp ta im u t bn phm hoc shift chut phi bt im so vi i tng khc. + Click chut hoc nhp ta im tip theo t bn phm hoc shift chut phi bt im so vi i tng khc. + Spacebar kt thc lnh.

2- C : Lnh v ng trn + G C-spacebar + Click chn tm ng trn + Ko chut bt im hoc nhp bn knh t bn phm

3- REC (R) : Lnh v hnh ch nht + G R-spacebar + Click chut hoc nhp ta im gc th 1 t bn phm hoc shift chut phi bt im so vi i tng khc. + Click chut hoc nhp ta im gc th 2 t bn phm hoc shift chut phi bt im so vi i tng khc.

4- U : Lnh quay li vi trng thi trc khi dng lnh cui cng + G U-spacebar: tng t Ctrl+Z

5- E : Lnh xa i tng + Chn i tng cn xa + G E-spacebar

6- O : Lnh to mt ng song song vi mt ng c sn + G O-spacebar + Nhp khong cch song song (c th dng chut xc nh khong cch)



+ Chn i tng + Click v pha cn to i tng mi song song

7- TR : Lnh ct i tng bng mt i tng khc + G TR-spacebar + Chn cc i tng chn + (hoc g TR-spacebar-spacebar chn tt c l i tng chn) (thng dng khi ta khng quan tm n i tng chn) + Chn cc i tng cn ct + Spacebar kt thc lnh

8- EX : Lnh ko di mt i tng chm mt i tng khc + G EX-spacebar + Chn i tng chn + Chn (na u) i tng cn dui

9- F : Lnh bo trn hai i tng bng mt cung trn, khi cung trn c bn knh bng 0 th hai i tng chm nhau + G F-spacebar + Chn tham s R nhp bn knh bo + Ln lt click vo 2 cnh cn bo

10- TRACE (TT) : Lnh v on thng c dy + G TT-spacebar + Nhp dy-spacebar + Click chn im th 1 on thng + Click chn im th 2 on thng-spacebar

------------

Chng 1.4: CC LNH BIN I V SAO CHP

(Lu : ta ch hc chc nng c bn ca lnh, cc thng s ca lnh tm thi ta cha quan tm)

1- M : Lnh di chuyn i tng sang mt v tr mi + Chn cc i tng (cn di chuyn) + G M -spacebar + Bt im i tng mun di chuyn + Bt im tip ni cn t i tng

2- CO (CC) : Lnh sao chp cc i tng + Chn cc i tng (cn sao chp) + G CC-spacebar + Bt im i tng mun sao chp + Bt im tip ni cn t i tng

3- RO (RT) : Lnh quay cc i tng quanh mt im + Chn cc i tng (cn quay)



+ G RT-spacebar + Chn im chun v nhp gc quay-spacebar(s dng: ngc chiu kim ng h; s m: cng chiu kim ng h)

4- SC : Lnh thu phng cc i tng + Chn cc i tng (cn thu, phng) + G SC-spacebar + Chn im chun v nhp h s-spacebar (>1: phng;



+ G DAN-spacebar + Click chn ln lt cnh th 1, cnh th 2 + R chut ra mn hnh click. ---------------------------------------------------

Chng 1.6: CC LNH N/HIN LAYER 1- LAYOFF (1) : Lnh n layer c chn (i tng thuc layer s b n theo) + G 1-spacebar + Click chn i tng c layer cn n

2- LAYISO (2) : Lnh gi li layer c chn (cc i tng thuc layer khc s b n) + G 2-spacebar + Click chn i tng c layer cn gi li

3- LAYON (3) : hin th tt c cc layer (b n) + G 3-spacebar

Chng 1.7: CC LNH KHC

1- MA (MM): Lnh sao chp thuc tnh (layer, text, hatch,...) + G MM-spacebar + Chn i tng 1 (c thuc tnh cn sao chp) + Chn cc i tng cn chp thuc tnh-spacebar

2- LE (GC): Lnh to ng ghi ch + G GC-spacebar S-spacebar to ng ghi ch khng gii hn v u mi tn

+ V ng ghi ch



3- T: Lnh to text nhiu dng + G T-spacebar + Click vo mn hnh, r chut ra gc i din click + Nhp vn bn -> click chn OK DT: Lnh to text 1 dng + G DT-spacebar + Click vo mn hnh + Nhp chiu cao ch-spacebar-spacebar + Nhp vn bn + Click ra mn hnh-nhn esc - Double click vo text chnh sa (Lu : sau ny khi lm vic vi text ta copy text t file form chun)

4- XL: Lnh to ng thng + G XL-spacebar + V-spacebar: To ng thng phng ng + H-spacebar: To ng thng phng ngang + Click 2 im bt k to ng thng theo phng bt k - Lu : c th dng lnh RAY (lnh to 1/2 ng thng) thay th lnh XL

5- Wipeout (W): Lnh che mt min trong bn v + G W-spacebar + Click chn ln lt cc im l nh ca min che. + Nu bn c sn polyline khp kn th nhn P-spacebar. + Chn polyline c sn. Ta s c min che trng vi polyline . 6- Draworder (DR): Lnh thay i th t hin th cc i tng nm trng v tr. + G DR-spacebar + Chn i tng cn thay i th t-spacebar (text, hnh,...) + Chn th t-spacebar

Kt thc Chng 1 cc bn s dng c 30 lnh cn thit phc v cng tc trin khai, cc chng sau chng ta s hc tip cc lnh nng cao khc. Trong thi gian ny cc bn phi thng xuyn luyn v (thao tc lnh) cho nhuyn v 30 lnh trn c xem nh l b ngh c bn ca mt HVKT 2D. Qu thi gian tt nht chng ta thc hnh bi tp mi ngy ti thiu l 2h. Mine: "Mt ngi th gii l 1 ngi th s dng cng c gii trong nhiu nm"

Ht Chng 1



Cu hi n tp:

- 2 ln dim cch nhau 1 khong th dim nh th no?

- Ti sao ta phi t lnh tt?

- Ti sao chng ta ch hc 30 lnh, m khng phi l 20, 40, 50 lnh?

- Lnh solid c th thay th lnh no trong 30 lnh trong Chng 1?


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Mc ch chng: + Thit lp cc thng s ti u ha cng tc v Cad.

+ Dng Form c sn v, trnh ngp nhng kin thc khi to bn v ban u. Bao gm: hatch, block, layer, dimstyle, symbol.

Chng 2.1: Set thng s Option

- Vo Tool-option

- Chuyn hnh nn th Layout v block editor sang mu en nh th Model.



- Set t ng lu sau 1 pht. Sau ny cc bn v nhanh th 1 pht lm vic rt qu.

- Set chc nng nt phi chut = spacebar v b chn ti "Make new dimensions associative" trnh li nhy dim



- Set bt im v con tr chut va nhn v tick chn "Ignore hatch objects" b qua (khng bt im) cc i tng hatch, ta ch b chn ny ch khi no cn bt im hatch.

- Set chn (i tng) v nt iu khin(*) v tick chn "When a command is active" khi gi lnh th chc nng selection preview mi c kch hot.

(*)Nt iu khin: Tt c cc hnh c v u c nt iu khin. S dng bng cch click vo nt v r chut. Ta thng dng edit di on thng.



Chng 2.2: Cc mu t vt liu (Hatch) - Hatch hay cn gi l mu t vt liu. c dng t cc i tng b ct trong hnh chiu ct (mt ct) v t vt liu b mt cho cc i tng ta thy hnh chiu ng (mt ng) v c hnh chiu bng (mt bng).

- Cc mu t c trong bn v kin trc trong file KIEN TRUC.dwt (file nh km C2.2.1)

- H: Lnh t vt liu cho i tng

+ Cc i tng c t phi kn, nu khng ta phi lm i tng kn, cch n gin nht l v pline kn i tng cn hatch.

+ G H-spacebar

(1): Chn i tng bng cch click vo vng cn hatch. Chn i tng bng cch qut chut (t phi qua tri)

(2): Chn kiu hatch

(3): Gc v t l kiu hatch

(4): t im gc mi (dng chc nng ny nh v gch mc lt nn)

File mu hatch (file nh km C2.2.2)

- Mo: chng ta hatch nhanh 1 i tng bt k vi kiu hatch bt k (t l hatch=1000). Sao ta dng lnh MM sao chp thuc tnh hatch t file KIEN TRUC.dwt



Cch thm mu hatch vo my ca mnh - Cc bn down mu hatch bi 1

- Sau gii nn, chng ta s c cc file .pat

- Copy tt c file .pat vo th mc (nh hnh chp)

- S dng cc mu hatch c thm vo



Chng 2.3: Cc th vin Block 2D Th vin tng hp (file nh km 2.3.1)

- Do chng ta ch tp trung vo kin thc chuyn mn l phn trin khai kin trc nn ta s khng hc cch to Block y. Trnh trng hp cc bn s b ngp kin thc phn mm Acad ngay t ban u.

- Cch s dng Block c sn

+ M file c cha Block cn chp

+ Qut chn block cn chp - Ctrl+C

+ Chuyn qua file cn chp - Ctrl+V

- to nhanh 1 block khng t tn (v d: 1 bn v 4 gh thnh 1 block) ta lm cc bc sau:

+ Move cc i tng cn to thnh block vo ng v tr mong mun

+ Qut cc i tng (cn to thnh block)

+ Ctrl+shift+C

+ Click chn im chn (im gc ca block)

+ Ctrl+shift+V

+ Click chn v tr t block

- Tho lun v block thuc tnh trn din n: http://www.cadviet.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=1580

- Hip s hng dn cc bn edit block thuc tnh Chng 4 (phn h tr lm bi tp)

Chng 2.4: Layer - T l - Khi v Cad c mt vn cc bn cn m h v rt quan tm l T l. Vy t l l g?

* T l: l t s ca kch thc trn giy (lc in ra) v kch thc thc t (ngoi cng trng). Do : nu ta nhn kch thc trn giy cho t l ta c kch thc thc t. Ngc li nu ta chia kch thc thc t cho t l th ta c kch thc trn giy. V d:

+ Ta c bn v t l 1/100 c in ra giy, nu ta o b dy bc Tng l 1mm th ngoi thc t b dy bc Tng l 1x100=100mm, hay cn gi l tng 100. Tng t nu ta o trn giy b dy bc Tng l 2mm th ngoi thc t b dy bc Tng l 2x100=200mm (hay cn gi l tng 200).

+ Khi ta c 1 bn v t l 1/50 c in ra giy, nu ta o chiu cao bc Thang l 3mm th ngoi thc t chiu cao bc Thang

l 3x50=150mm. Tng t nu ta o trn giy ci bn cao 16mm th ngoi thc t ci bn cao 16x50=800mm.



+ Khi ta c kch thc ngoi thc t l 800, ta mun bit kch thc trn giy t l 1/20 l bao nhiu th ta ly 800/20=40mm

+ Khi ta c kch thc ngoi thc t l 750, ta mun bit kch thc trn giy t l 1/25 l bao nhiu th ta ly 750/25=30mm

* Quy cch v: V theo t l thc (hay cn gi l t l 1:1) - 1 n v (unit) = 1 mm

+ Khi ta v 1 on thng di 5m th ta nhp: 5000

+ Khi ta v Tng 200 cao 3m; ta v hnh ch nht v nhp: @200,3000

Lu : Cc bn c file KIEN TRUC.dwt v phi hiu c khi nim t l v cch nhp gi tr (kch thc) nh trn th chng ta mi lm vic tip c.

- Chng ta s khng hc cch to Layer v Dimstyle y m chng ta s hc cch tn dng d liu c sn trong file Template. y l iu m cc bn mi hc hay mc phi, l b ngp kin thc khi to trc khi v.

* File ny gi l file template (ui .dwt) khc vi cc file cad thng thng (ui .dwg)

Sau ny khi v bt c g ta phi m file ny ln ly cu trc dimstyle, layer, khung tn,... Do cc bn khi phi bn tm vn v kiu hatch, layer, nt in, dimstyle.

- Video cch add file template vo lnh Qnew (file nh km C2.4.1)

- Vi file template trn th khi ta v t l no th ch vic ly ng thc y ra m dim (xem hnh)



- Tng t khi v n i tng no th chn ng layer y v (hay cn gi l ly Layer hin hnh v)

- Layer trong file KIEN TRUC.dwt tng i y . Tm thi cc bn dng form ny v. Tn layer c t theo quy c y l ch thng khng du. Sau ny khi cc bn i lm th tng n v s c 1 form chun ring v chng ta phi tun th cch t tn layer theo form ca cng ty ).

Cch s dng layer (theo form) y (file nh km C2.4.2)

Lu : Hin ti chng ta cha quan tm n phn lineweight ( dy nt). Ta s c hc phn in n Chng 12.



Chng 2.5: Cc k hiu c trong bn v kin trc - Cc k hiu l nhng hnh + text c quy c nhm thuyt minh (rt gn) cc i tng trong bn v hoc vn khc nh: cao , hng nhn,...

- Cc ghi ch (thuyt minh): din gii cc i tng (ni dung thit k) mt cch chi tit.

- Cc k hiu c trong bn v kin trc: xem trong file KIEN TRUC.dwt .

+ Hi: Ti sao li c cc bn v Kin trc?

+ Tr li: Ti v ta khng th dng li ni hoc ch vit hng dn ngi th xy nh m chng ta phi c cc bn v vi nhng hnh hc tng t nh cn nh 1 t l nh hn vi y kch thc v nhng thng tin dng k hiu c quy c. Do v c nhng bn v ny chng ta phi din gii ngc li cc k hiu hay ni cch khc l chng ta phi hiu c cc k hiu c trong bn v kin trc.

1- K hiu trc: Dng nh v cng trnh, nh v cu kin. K hiu ny c hu ht cc bn v: MB, M, MC v cc chi tit,...

V d: ta ni Ct ti v tr A5 th chng ta s tm ti v tr li giao gia trc A v trc 5.

2- K hiu cao (dng cho MB): Do trn bn v 2D chng ta ch thy cc hnh tng, ca, vt dng,... Chng ta c k hiu code nn(sn) din gii ni c nn(sn) vi cao c ghi ra (cch code quy c 0.0 tng trt). Ngc li vi k hiu ny l k hiu gch cho th hin v tr khng c sn (thng tng, hp gen k thut)

3- K hiu cao trn: Dng xc nh cao trn (thi cng) hon thin.

4- K hiu cao (dng cho M, MC): Dng nhn bit chiu cao cng trnh (khi nhn M, MC)

5- K hiu dc: Dng tnh ton dc khi thi cng. Cc v tr t: Sn WC, ban cng, sn thng, s n, mi.

6- K hiu hng i ln: Dng nhn bit v tr giao thng lch code (khc cao ). Cc v tr t: Bc cp, ram dc, cu thang.

7- K hiu ca i, ca s: Dng nh v ca v thng k ca ( thi cng)

8- K hiu vt liu hon thin (tng, sn, trn): Dng din gii (thi cng) VLHT.

9- K hiu mt ct v hng nhn: Dng quy c ly MC theo hng nhn.

10- K hiu trch dn (khoanh vng) chi tit cn trin khai: Dng nh v chi tit cn trin khai (chi tit cn trin khai l cc chi tit khng thi cng c t l 1/100)



11- K hiu cu to nn/sn: Dng din gii cc lp cu to nn/sn ( thi cng). Cc v tr t: Cc MB chi tit (bn di code nn/sn) v ti mt ct (ngang, dc) cng trnh.

12- K hiu cu to trn: Thng dng i vi cc trn c bit (c nhiu lp nh: cch m, cch nhit)

13- K hiu cu to tng: Thng dng i vi cc tng c bit (c nhiu lp nh: cch m, cch nhit)

14- K hiu hng nhn mt ng chi tit: Dng ly mt ng ca chi tit cn trin khai (t ti MB chi tit)

15- K hiu hng nhn mt ng phng: Dng ly M ca phng theo hng nhn (dng trong bn v ni tht)

16- K hiu vt dng ni tht: Dng nh v ni tht (dng trong bn v ni tht)

Mo v Cad nhanh tng hp

1- Dng b lnh tt Chng 1.2 2- Set thng s option nh Chng 2.1 3- Gim bt thao tc tha bng cch thuc lng 30 lnh Chng 1 4- S dng thnh tho 11 Lisp Chng 6 5- Dng Block c wipeout che hatch (p dng cho cc thit b WC). 6- Zoom to fix : thay v Z-spacebar A-spacebar ta double chut gia. 7- ly layer no lm hin hnh: G `-spacebar (phm k bn phm s 1) v click vo i tng c Layer cn ly lm hin hnh - ` l lnh tt ca lnh ai_molc 8- Khi Hatch dng lnh layiso cha li i tng cn hatch. 9- Trong qu trnh v, dng shift+chut phi chn ch bt im. 10- Dng Chut phi hoc spacebar thay cho phm enter 11- Trong qu trnh v i lc ta cn thc hin li lnh va gi v chn li i tng va chn, ta g enter + P + enter + enter 12- Save as file in .ctb vi tn trng vi tn file lu cng th mc vi file .dwg (lc ny em i u in cng c) 13- Trong qu trnh lm vic, nu thy c block hay chi tit no hay th bc b vo file THU VIEN.dwt ri save ui dwt lun. 14- Khi th hin i tng trc sau, trn di th dng wipeout che i tng (khng trim i tng, phng trnh trng hp b phn bc khi tng s b sai) 15- Dng lnh (ko dng biu tng) tt ht cc cng c rng mn hnh v.



16- Tay tri c dn vo bn phm g lnh v nhp s liu. Tay phi c nm ly chut khng ri.

Cc cu hi chn lc: [gaulun12] Em hatch hay gp li nhng em ngh i tng hatch ca em khp kn ri. Em khng hiu ti sao! Lm cch no mnh bit i tng khp kn vy anh? Nu khng th phi lm sao? Tr li: - bit i tng kn hay h, bn chn i tng v Ctrl+1 kim tra (xem hnh)

- C th hatch min h vi khong h c nh y



- Cch n gin nht l v pline kn i tng cn hatch.

[manhhung787] A Hip cho hi. Ti sao c i tng hatch trim c v c ci li khng trim c vy? Tr li: Vn trim hatch th khng phi khi no ta cng trim c. Li ny lin quan ti ng bao (boundary). Do khc phc li ny chng ta nn: + Phn vng hatch c ng bao phc tp thnh nhiu vng hatch c ng bao n gin hn. + ng bao phi sch (khng c cc nt iu khin trng nhau) Mo: khi hatch ta dng layiso (2) ch cha li i tng cn hatch Lu : khng khuyn khch trim hatch.

[laanhtai] Hi cch khc phc li khng nhn mu Hatch a t bn ngoi vo

Tr li: Khi ta sa tn mu hatch th phi m v sa lun dng u tin (xem hnh)

Hi: Chng ta t tn nh vy c ch li g? Tr li: Do chng trnh sp cc mu tn cc mu hatch theo th t a,b,c nn ta t tn cc mu hatch ta thng dng nm pha trn khi tm kim.



Cu hi n tp:

- Khi hatch i khi chng trnh chy rt lu. C cch no khc phc khng?

- i lc cc mu hatch b v th lm th no?

- Ti sao c lc mu ca block khng ng vi layer ca n?

- Ti sao ta li phi dng file Template?

- Ta c th t li im chn ca block (c bn) khng? Bng cch no?



Mc ch chng: + Nm c cc b phn chnh ca nh.

+ Cc khi nim Mt bng, mt ng, mt ct.

+ Cch c bn v.

Chng 3.1: 21 B PHN CHNH CA NH

1- Cc (Truyn ti xung lp t cng chu ti - BTCT) - Chi tit Wiki

2- Mng (Truyn ti u xung nn t cng chu ti - BTCT) - Chi tit Wiki

3- C ct (Lin kt (truyn ti) t Ct xung Mng - BTCT)

- Hnh tham kho : file nh km C3.1.1

4- king (King Mng v Tng tng Trt - BTCT)

- Hnh tham kho : file nh km C3.1.2

5- Nn (Ngn cch cng trnh vi lp t t nhin - BTCT/cu to dng lp)

6- Ct (Truyn ti xung Mng - BTCT)

7- (dm) (Truyn ti xung Ct v Tng - BTCT)

8- Sn (Truyn ti xung (dm) v ngn cch khng gian - BTCT)

Hnh tham kho : file nh km C3.1.3

9- Mi (Bo v cng trnh - LK vi h KC tng trn cng) - Chi tit Wiki

10- Cu thang (Giao thng ng - LK vi h KC ca tng trn v tng di) - Chi tit Wiki

11- Tng (bao, ngn,...) (Bao che, ngn cch khng gian, cch m, cch nhit - LK vi Ct, Dm/Sn)

12- Trn (Che (dm), cc ng ng k thut, cch m, cch nhit - LK vi Sn trn)

13- Lanh t ( Tng trn Ca - LK vi Ct/Tng 2 bn ca) - Chi tit

14- Ca (ca i, ca s,...) (Bao che, ngn cch ng, ly sng, ly gi, cch m, cch nhit - LK vi Tng ti )

15- Sn (va h) (Giao thng - Cu to dng lp)

16- Bc cp (bc thm) (Giao thng - LK vi king, console/cu to dng lp)

17- Ban cng (l gia) (Relax, ly sng, ly gi - LK vi Dm/Ct chnh) - Chi tit Wiki

18- Mi n ( vng) (Bo v cng trnh - LK vi Dm/Ct chnh)



19- S n (Thu nc ma - LK vi Dm/Ct chnh) - Chi tit

20- Hp gen k thut (Bao che cc loi ng k thut - Tng xy)

21- Thng tng (ging tri) (Ly sng, ly gi t Mi xung cc tng) - Chi tit

Gio trnh Cu to kin trc : file nh km C3.1.4

Nguyn l Cu to kin trc : file nh km C3.1.5

(Chi tit Wiki: cc bn search Google vi t kha l ch m. V d: Cc, Mng,...)

Chng 3.2: MT BNG MT NG MT CT

- Mt bng l hnh ct bng ca ngi nh. Mt bng thu c l lt ct ca mt mt phng quy c (song song vi mt t) ct qua ngi nh, cao hn mt sn (hoc nn) khong 1 n1.5m.

- Mi tng nu khc nhau phi c mt bng ring. Nu cc tng c c cu ging nhau, ch cn v mt bng tng in hnh.

Phi cnh minh ha



Mt ng - Mt ng ca cng trnh l hnh chiu (thng gc) th hin hnh dng bn ngoi cng trnh. N th hin v p ngh thut, hnh dng, t l cn i gia kch thc chung v kch thc tng b phn ngi nh.

- Bn v mt ng chnh (ni nhiu ngi qua li hoc quay ra trc ng chnh) cn c din t rt k i khi v t l ln hn cc mt ng hng khc .

- Ty theo mi loi sau y, mt ng c nhng tn gi khc nhau th hin nhng hng nhn khc nhau:

+ Theo trc nh v: mt ng 1-4, mt ng trc A-B,...

+ Theo hng cng trnh: Mt ng hng Bc, mt ng hng ng Nam,...

+ Theo trc ng: Mt ng trc ng L Chnh Thng, mt ng Trn Quc Tho,...



Phi cnh minh ha



Mt ct - L hnh biu din cng trnh thu c khi dng cc mt phng quy c thng ng (vung gc vi mt t) ct qua.

- Mt ct th hin khng gian bn trong nh, chiu cao nh, chiu cao cc tng, cc l ca, kch thc tng, v ko, sn mi, cu thang, v tr v hnh dng chi tit kin trc bn trong cc phng. V vy, v tr mt ct cn ct qua cc ch c bit nh: ct qua cc l ca qua cu thang, qua cc phng c kt cu, cu to, trang tr ng ch

Lu : Khng mt phng ct i qua dc tng, qua tm ct hay khong cch h gia hai nhnh thang.

Phi cnh minh ha



* Khi nim - Mt bng thit k s b (TKSB): l mt bng KTS cung cp ha vin trin khai.

(Bn v thit k s b phn kin trc phi th hin c nhng thng tin c bn sau:

- S tng, chiu cao mi tng.

- Hnh dng (khi) c bn (cc mt ng)

- C cu t chc khng gian nh: s phng, chc nng phng, din tch phng (cc mt bng)

- Nu c tng thit k chnh (bng vn bn)

- Mt bng gc: l mt bng TKSB m ta chun ha layer v c lu 1 file ring dng lm c s trin khai, s c hc Chng 4)

- Tng t ta c:

+ Mt ng, mt ct TKSB

+ Mt ng, mt ct gc

- Mt bng c bn tham kho (file nh km C3.2.1)

Chng 3.3: CCH C BN V Mun c c bn v, cc bn phi:

- Luyn tp cch nhn (hnh dung) hnh chiu.

- Nm c tng quan cng trnh bng cch n li 21 b phn cu to chnh ca nh. Sao cho khi ni ti b phn no ca nh ta u r c cng nng v lin kt (cu to) ca n. C nh vy th chng ta mi hc v c. Do cng c th ni y l iu kin cn nhp mn ngh ny.

- Bn cnh cc bn phi hiu c cc k hiu c trong bn v kin trc.

- Cn 1 k nng m cc bn cng cn nn luyn tp l: Nhn mt tin - on cu kin. V d: khi ta nhn mt tin 1 cn nh c rt nhiu hnh khi tht li khc nhau. Cc bn hy hnh dung xem l cu kin g? (tng hay ct hay dm hay sn hay vt liu khc)

Bn v kin trc l g? Ai c bn v Kin trc? Mc ch ca vic c bn v Kin trc? Cch c bn v Kin trc?

* Bn v kin trc: L bn v biu din hnh dng v c cu ca mt khu vc, mt qun th hay mt cng trnh c th, cn c vo ngi ta c th xy dng c cng trnh.



* Ngi c: Nh thu, Th thi cng, Ha vin, KTS, KS, b phn D ton, n v Thm tra, Ch u t.

* Mc ch: l ly thng tin t bn v, ty vo ngi c mun ly thng tin g. V d:

+ KTS: Thuyt minh, quy m cng trnh, din tch, cng nng, chng loi vt liu, kch thc,...

+ KS: Thuyt minh, quy m cng trnh, din tch, cng nng, chng loi vt liu, kch thc,...

+ D ton: Din tch, chng loi vt liu, kch thc,...

+ Thm tra: Thuyt minh, quy m cng trnh, chng loi vt liu, kch thc,...

+ Nh thu: Thuyt minh, quy m cng trnh, chng loi, kch thc,...

+ Th thi cng: Kch thc, lin kt cu to,...

+ HVKT: tt c.

* Cch c bn v ca HVKT

1- Xem thng tin ti khung tn v thuyt minh (ghi ch chung)

+ Tn bn v, k hiu bn v,... v hiu c tng qut bn v.

2- Phn ni dung:

+ C thng tin thi cng khng?

+ C ng cu to khng?

+ C (li khng khp) vi cc b mn khc (kt cu, in nc, phi cnh) khng?

+ Thuyt minh, ghi ch c r, v ng khng? 2

3- Phn th hin:

+ Cc dimstyle, textstyle v k hiu c ng nht (bng nhau) khng?

+ T l, nt in c ng khng?

+ Sp xp bn v c hp l khng?

- Do cng c th ni: HVKT l ngi (ngh) v cho mi ngi c. 2

- Cch c bn v v s dng Layer (file nh km C3.3.1)

- Tham kho cch c bn v ca KTS (file nh km C3.3.2)

Ht Chng 3



Mc ch chng: + Cch chun ha Layer bt k v Form mu.

+ Cch to MB, M, MC gc lm c s trin khai.

+ Cch nhn bit v kim tra d liu u vo trc khi trin khai.

Chng 4.1: TO MB, M, MC GC (lm c s trin khai) - Chng ta s bt u trin khai khi c file thit k s b (TKSB) c duyt. File TKSB bao gm: Mt bng cc tng, Mt ng v mt ct s b (tng ng vi h s xin php xy dng)

- Gi nh khi chng ta trin khai t file TKSB ca ngi khc (n v khc), vn chng ta gp phi l: mu sc layer, dimstyle, cc k hiu, nt in,... khng nh form ca mnh nn rt kh lm vic. Do chng ta phi thc hin cng tc chun ha layer theo form ca mnh. Form chng ta c hc l file Template KIEN TRUC.dwt

- Dng lnh: Laytrans (LL) chuyn Layer

Chun ha Layer v form mu - M file thit k s b ca KTS gi. Click vo tng i tng kim tra quy lut t tn Layer. V d:

+ Layer dim c th c t l: kich thuoc, do, dimension,

+ Layer tuong c th c t l: wall, net tuong,

+ Layer vat dung c th c t l: VD, furniture, do dung,

* Bc A: G LL-spacebar. Nhn nt Load file Form mu y l file KIEN TRUC.dwt (xem hnh)



Bc 1: Chn cc layer cn chuyn bn khung 1

Bc 2: Chn layer chuyn bn khung 2

Bc 3: Nhn nt Map

Thc hin li bc 1, 2, 3 cho n khi ht layer bn khung 1

Bc 4: Nhn nt Translate

Bc 5: Chn No (khng save)



- Do file ca ngi khc v nn chng ta s khng kim sot c cch t tn Layer. Do sau khi chng ta Laytrans cng c th cn mt s i tng cha v ng Layer theo form nh mong mun. Vy nn chng ta phi a cc i tng v ng layer theo form bng cch hc Chng 2 (v d: i tng l ca c Layer "cot" th ta phi chuyn v Layer "cua" hoc mu ca Block (c bn) cha ng th ta edit block bng cch double click vo block v qut li Layer)

- G PU-spacebar - nhn gi phm A cho ti khi ht purge c xa cc thuc tnh khng dng ti (layer, block, dimstyle,...)

* Lu : n li cch s dng Layer theo form (file nh km C2.4.2) v cch c bn v (file nh km C3.3.1)

- Lc ny chng ta kim sot c Layer ca file TKSB m KTS gi. Tip theo chng ta s to file gc trin khai. Trc tin l to MB gc.

* Bc B:

+ M mi file KIEN TRUC.dwt

+ Copy tng MB (trt, lu, mi) vo v save t tn ln lt l: mat bang tret goc, mat bang lau goc, mat bang mai goc

* Lu :

+ Tn file khng c du ting vit.

+ Mi file mt bng gc ch cha 1 mt bng duy nht.

* Bc C: Move hnh v gn gc ta (0,0) (bt im tng i gc di tri mt bng)

- Thao tc:

+ Qut chn hnh + bt im nh trn

+ M+spacebar

+ Nhp 0,0 - Nu hnh khng di chuyn ta nhn F12 v thc hin li

(Bc C l bc set im chn cho file gc)

- Ctrl+S save file.

* Bc D: MB gc bao gm cc thng tin sau:

+ Ch cha 01 MB duy nht.

+ Phn ct: hatch kiu solid hoc dng lnh Trace v hoc hatch kiu BTCT nh trong file KIEN TRUC.dwt (scale=10)

+ Phn tng: hatch kiu ANSI 31 - scale=400.



+ Ch cha block thit b bp v thit b WC, khng cha block vt dng khc nh: ging, bn, t,

+ C 2 lm dim: dim trc (cch li trc 1200), dim tng (cch dim trc 500)

+ Lu : File gc khng cha text.

* Bc E: kim tra n v ca file gc (Insertion scale = milimeters)

+ G UN-spacebar

- Thao tc tng t t Bc B n Bc D nh trn, chng ta c mt ng gc v mt ct gc.

Chng 4.2: TO MT BNG XREF (block xref mt bng)

* nh ngha: Mt bng Xref (block xref mt bng): l 1 block mt bng c to ra bng lnh XR.

* Ti sao chng ta li to file gc trin khai?

+ To file gc l bc u tin ca vic trin khai kin trc bng XREF (1 lnh nng cao ca Cad). Chc nng ca XREF l link file ny ti file khc. Do khi ng dng XREF vo trin khai th khi ta sa bn v ny th bn v khc s t ng cp nht (nh Revit). Mt khc cng vic ca 1 HVKT l lun chnh sa bn v khi c s thay i t pha KTS hay CT. Nn vic dng XREF trin khai s pht huy li th khi c s kin chnh sa xy ra. iu ny s lm lng tng thm ch l mt kim sot (i vi cc cng trnh ln) i vi nhng ngi khng dng XREF.



+ V d: Trong qu trnh trin khai, KTS hay CT mun thay i hng Thang hay v tr cc thit b v sinh th chng ta ch cn sa file MB gc th cc bn v chi tit lin quan s t ng thay i theo (ch bng c click Reload)

* T bn v m ta mun to mt bng Xref. (V d m file KIEN TRUC.dwt)

- G UN-spacebar kim tra unit nh hnh chp (file chnh v file gc phi cng n v)

- G XR-spacebar.

+ B1: Chn attach file .dwg

+ B2: Chn file mt bng gc

+ B3: Chn open

+ B4: Nh hnh chp



+ B5: click (ra mn hnh) chn v tr t mt bng Xref

Lu :

+ Trong 1 file c th c nhiu block xref khc nhau.

+ lu file xref (km theo cc file gc) ta dng lnh eTransmit \nhn tip OK\nhn Save.

- Thao tc tng t ta c cc Mt ng xref, Mt ct xref.

Chng 4.3: M FILE GC ( chnh sa) * ngha ca cng tc ny: Trong qu trnh trin khai i lc ta mun tr v file gc chnh sa hay b sung thng tin. Ta lm nh sau:

- Dng lnh XOPEN - Lnh tt XX

+ G XX-spacebar v click vo mt bng Xref chuyn v MB gc.

+ Chnh sa b sung

+ G PU-spacebar - Nhn A cho ti khi ht purge c ( sch bn v trc khi save)

+ Ctrl+S save nhng thay i v ng MB gc li.

+ Quay tr li file c mt bng Xref (file chnh), chng trnh bo Reload nhng thay i khi ny ( gc di bn phi mn hnh)

+ Nhn Reload, nhng thay i s c cp nht.



+ Nu khng thy chng trnh bo Reload th ta g XR-spacebar v chn Reload nh hnh chp.

Hoc: click phi vi biu tng Manage Xrefs\Reload DWG Xrefs

Lu : Chui thao tc ny s theo ta rt nhiu sut qu trnh hc, nn cc bn phi thc hnh nhuyn chui thao tc ny.



Chng 4.4: KIM TRA D LIU U VO File thit k s b hoc h s xin php xy dng ca KTS bao gm cc bn v sau: mt bng, mt ng, mt ct (nu c). y cc thng tin sau:

- Mt bng: Li trc, ct, tng, ca, nt thy(1), vt dng, code cao sn, nhng ghi ch quan trng(2)

- Mt bng mi: dc, hng thot nc, v tr s n, phu thu(3)

- Mt ng: Cao tng, khi kin trc(4), cc chi tit trang tr khc (ron (m) tng, ch (ni) tng,...)

(1) Nt thy: nt bc thang, tam cp, tng lng, ranh lch code.

(2) Ghi ch quan trng: nhng yu cu ca Ch u t hoc nhng c bit ca KTS (Thang bng dng rng ca, WC c 2 khu kh v t ring, kch thc ca theo l ban,...)

(3) Phu thu (nc): chn rc v ngn mi.

(4) Khi kin trc (pha mt ng): mng tng, sn, dm tht (hoc li).

Lu : Chng ta c cng nhiu thng tin th cng thun li cho vic trin khai. Nn xc nhn nhng thng tin trn cng nh phng n kin trc l cui cng, trnh tnh trng chnh sa PA khi ang trin khai.

Cc bn nn ghi chp phn ny lm ti liu tham kho sau ny lm vic.

Chng 4.5: TNG QUAN CNG TC TRIN KHAI

1- Lp tin cng tc trin khai theo danh mc hoc nh file tham kho (file nh km C4.5.1)

2- Kim tra d liu u vo bn v thit k s b v cc thng tin ( ) thit k.

3- Xc nh cng vic l trin khai tng nn cng vic lin quan n sng tc tng ta phi tham kho kin KTS

4- Thc hin theo quy trnh (t chng 4 n chng 12)

Ht Chng 4



H tr lm BT Chng 4 Edit block thuc tnh - i vi cc block c bn, cc bn ch cn double click vo block th c th edit thoi mi, ng block v save l xong. Cn i vi block thuc tnh th hi phc tp hn, cc bn lm theo cc bc sau:

1- Click phi vo thanh toolbar, m cng c "Refedit"



2- Click vo block cn edit, kim tra 3 tr s ny phi bng nhau (v khng c s l)

3- Click vo y edit

4- Edit ty



5- Click vo y save

Nhng lu khi lm vic vi Xref 1- Kim tra unit gia file chnh v file gc phi ging nhau trc khi dng lnh XR

2- hn ch vic mt ng dn gia file chnh v file gc, chng ta nn t chng vo cng 1 th mc.

3- Khi m file Xref ta phi gii nn trc.

4- gi file Xref cho ngi khc m khng b mt ng dn n file gc ta dng lnh Etransmit hoc ta c th tho b link xref bng chc nng "bind"

Lu : nu c xref lng xref s khng bind c



Mc ch chng: + Cc khi nim c bn trong cng tc trin khai.

+ Cc thnh phn c trong cc bn v trin khai MB, M, MC v quy trnh trin khai.

Chng 5.1: CC KHI NIM C BN

- Trin khai: v th thi cng (lm r kch thc, lin kt cu to v vt liu cu kin)

- Kin trc: nm na l phn da tht ca cng trnh - Wiki (search google vi t kha kin trc)

- Kt cu: nm na l phn khung xng ca cng trnh - Wiki (search google vi t kha kt cu)

- Code kin trc: l cao hon thin phn kin trc (gch p lt, g sn, granite,...)

- Code kt cu: l cao b tng ct thp (BTCT), thp hn code kin trc 50mm.

- nh code cao : Th hin cao ti v tr .

- Li trc: L nhng on thng dng nh v ct, mng, dm.

- Vt liu hon thin: l lp trn (ngoi) cng ca cu kin (Tng, nn, ct,...)

- nh v: xc nh v tr cu kin.

- y Dm(), sn: l cao mp pha di Dm(), sn.

- Sn dng: mp trn Sn trng vi mp trn Dm.

- Sn m (50,100): mp trn Sn thp hn mp trn Dm 50,100.

- Sn lt: mp di Sn trng vi mp di Dm.

- Dm console: L Dm vn ra khi h Ct, Dm chnh.

- Dm mi: L Dm kha (kt thc) sn ln.

- Chiu ngh thang: l v tr t thang bng phng, ni ngh chn tm thi khi i cu thang.

- Chiu ti thang: Chiu ti thng thng l hnh lang, ni bc thang cui cng gp sn

- Th Model (khng gian Model): l khng gian v.

- Th Layout (khng gian giy in): l khng gian t chc bn v (cng c th v) v c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca khng gian Model.

* Cu kin v i tng:

- Cu kin l t ca cc KS thng dng ni n cc thnh phn l BTCT. V d: Mng, Ct, Dm, Sn, Thang,...



- i tng l t thng dng ni n cc thnh phn c trong bn v.

Dm trong tng l g?

V d: ta c Dm 100x300, ti v tr (trn v di) ta c tng 100 th khi hon thin ta s khng thy Dm th ta gi Dm l Dm trong tng hoc ta c Dm 200x300, ti v tr (trn v di) ta c tng 200 th khi hon thin ta s khng thy Dm th ta gi Dm l Dm trong tng (y ch l cch gi, khng phi nh ngha)

Chng 5.2: TRIN KHAI MT BNG

* Mc ch ca bn v ny l cung cp cho ngi c nhng thng tin c bn sau:

- Kch thc phn xy th (tng ngoi, tng trong).

- Cng nng phng, din tch phng.

- Code nn/sn tng khu.

- S bc thang, hng i ca thang.

- Cu to nn/sn tng khu ( dng k hiu)

+ Din gii cu to nn/sn (file nh km C5.2.1) (Hip s ni thm vn ny Chng 9)

- Khoanh vng v t k hiu cc chi tit cn trin khai (hay cn gi l trch dn chi tit cn trin khai). Hoc ghi ch di dng text. V d: Chi tit Thang xem bn v KT-05. Chi tit khu v sinh xem bn v KT-06,

* Quy trnh v mt bng (file nh km C5.2.2)

- Cc bn c th tham kho Quy trnh v mt bng p dng v li bi tp ca cc Chng trc.

* Lu :

+ Chng ta ch hc cch th hin mt bng ch khng hc cch binh phng n mt bng.

+ Quy c t l 1/100 - 2 nt c khong cch



(*) Quy cch dim

- Nu l cng trnh c kch thc mt trc = mt sau, mt tri = mt phi (nh l ph) th chng ta ch t k hiu trc v dim trc, dim tng cho 2 hng l c. (thng thng ta t k hiu trc pha Mt ng chnh v pha di cng trnh)

- Nu l cng trnh c kch thc cc mt ng khc nhau (bit th) th chng ta phi t k hiu trc v dim trc, dim tng cho 4 hng.

- Chng ta phi dim sao cho cc Tng c trn bn v phi kch thc th xy. Khng c thiu (trng hp hay thiu l dim tng trong) v d. (trng hp hay d l ta dim pha tng ngoi vo tng trong ta li dim tip)

- i vi cc cng trnh dn dng, thng ta khng dim b dy tng 100, 200 m ta ch dim ti mp ngoi ca tng (tr 1 s trng hp c bit cn lm r thit k b dy tng)

- Cc ng dim phi thng hng (trng nhau), text dim nu chng ln nhau th ko 1 text sang v tr khc.

- Khng dim ct (kch thc ct th thi cng s xem bn v kt cu)

- Dim tng trong khng text dim dnh vo cc i tng, thng cch i tng gn nht khong 500

- Cung cp thng tin: Tn phng, code nn/sn hon thin, k hiu cu to nn /sn, nh s bc thang, trch dn (xc nh) chi tit cn trin khai (*)

(*) Trch dn (xc nh) chi tit cn trin khai:

- L chng ta khoanh vng bng hnh ch nht chi tit cn trin khai sao cho c th nh v c chi tit cn trin khai, ngha l phi offset ra khi trc gn nht 1 khong #200 v t k hiu trin khai (trong file KIEN TRUC.dwt)

- Cc chi tit cn trin khai: Cng tng ro (nu c), bc cp, vch trang tr, cu thang, v sinh, tiu cnh (nu c), khung-gin-lam st (nu c), ban cng/l gia, mi ly sng, s n, pho ch v cc chi tit kin trc khc. Ni chung l cc chi tit m MB t l 1/100 th cha th thi cng c.

- Nh ni trn ngoi cch lm khoanh vng v nh k hiu cho chi tit cn trin khai. Chng ta c th xc nh chi tit cn trin khai bng cch din gii nh sau: Chi tit Thang xem bn v KT-05. Chi tit khu v sinh xem bn v KT-06,

- cng chnh l tiu im ca kha hc v cng l c s chng ta lp tin cho cng vic trin khai.

* Lu :

+ t tn phng trn, code nn/sn v k hiu cu to nn/sn di.

+ nh s bc thang ta ch nh bc l (1,3,5,...) v bc cui cng.



- Tip n ta v ng ct qua nhng cu kin cn th hin chi tit (cao ) nh: hc tng, ca,... v mt ct (xem trang 14)

(ng ct trn chnh l mt phng quy c (vung gc vi mt t) m qua ta thu c hnh ct cng trnh theo hng nhn)

- File tham kho (file nh km C5.2.4)

* To MB b tr vt dng (ni tht) v nh v ca

- ng nh tn gi, mc ch ca bn v ny l cung cp thng tin s b v v tr ca cc vt dng tng ng vi phn xy th (Tng), v tr Ca. Bn v ny thng do KTS cung cp trong phn Thit k s b. Nu cha HVKT cn tham kho kin ca KTS khi b tr vt dng.

- Quy cch nh (ghi) k hiu Ca ca trn MB (file nh km C5.2.5)

Cc bc thc hin:

1- Ly (copy) MB xref ra 1 bn.

2- Chn k hiu ca (xem file nh km C5.2.5)

3- Chn cc block vt dng sao cho hp l (xem file nh km C5.2.6, C5.2.7)

- Cc bi vit v b tr Ni tht (file nh km C5.2.6)

- Cc trang Web v Ni tht (file nh km C5.2.7)

Chng 5.3: TRIN KHAI MT NG

Mc ch ca bn v ny l cung cp cho ngi c nhng thng tin sau:

- Hnh dng bn ngoi cng trnh theo hng nhn thng gc (khi kin trc)

- Kch thc cc khi kin trc cng nh cc cu kin khc lin quan n yu t thm m. Nu t l 1/100 cc cu kin cha c th hin r thit k th ta bc chi tit (*) cu kin cn trin khai

(*) Khoanh vng v nh k hiu chi tit cn trin khai.

- Cao mi tng v cao ton cng trnh (tnh t code 0.0 ti nh mi).

- Vt liu hon thin cc khi kin trc v cu kin.

* Quy trnh v mt ng (file nh km C5.3.1)



* Lu :

+ Chng ta ch hc cch th hin mt ng (khng hc cch binh phng n mt ng).

+ Quy c t l 1/100 - 2 nt c khong cch 1/50). u im: th hin r thng tin chi tit


Chng 5.4: V MT CT * Bi ny c xem nh chng ngi vt v cng l tiu im chnh ca chng trnh hc. Nu cc bn vt qua c ro cn ny th con ng pha trc s d dng hn nhiu.

Li khuyn:

+ Tp nhn hnh chiu

+ Su tm cc block vt dng dng trong MC (file nh km C5.4.1)

+ c 2 cun ebook Chng 3

+ V tht nhiu.

Mc ch ca cng tc ny ( t l 1/100) l: v hnh ct tng th cng trnh nh v cu kin, th hin cao cu kin v cu to s b cc cu kin.

- v MC dc (ton b) cng trnh chng ta phi v c cc hnh chiu ct (mt ct) hnh chiu ng (mt ng) ca cc cu kin v ghp chng li vi nhau. V d: tng, ca,



thang,...Trong bn v mt ct gm c 2 phn chnh l hnh cu kin b ct (bi mt phng quy c l ng ct trn MB) v hnh chng ta thy c khi nhn theo hng du ct trn MB

- Din gii phn ct v phn thy trong bn v MC (file nh km C5.4.2)

* Lu :

+ Quy c t l 1/100 - 2 nt c khong cch



Bc 5: G XL-spacebar - V-spacebar to ng ging dc ly li trc.

- G XL-spacebar - H-spacebar to ng ging ngang ly cao tng.

Hnh minh ha (file nh km C5.4.4)

Bc 6: V Dm, Sn ti cc im giao li v cao tng (lu : code kt cu)

+ S kim tra v chnh sa b sung cc Dm ph v v tr sn m sau khi v Tng.

+ Sn dy 100 (s update sau khi c bn v KC)


3 - Nm r chc nng, lin kt cu to ca cc i tng (cu kin) b ct hoc thy A- V cc i tng b ct (bi ng ct)

+ G XL-spacebar

+ V-spacebar

+ Click chn vo v tr i tng c ng ct qua - to ng ging

+ V hnh ct ca i tng b ct, xong xa ng ging (xem file hng dn bn di)

* Lu : hatch i tng b ct)

B- V cc i tng thy theo hng nhn (khng b ct bi ng ct)

+ G XL-spacebar

+ V-spacebar

+ Click vo gc (cnh) ta thy trn mt bng.

+ V nt thy (Pline) vi cc i tng l cnh tng.

+ Copy mt ng cc block vt dng, ca vi cc i tng l block vt dng, ca, xong xa ng ging (xem file hng dn bn di)

- V nt thy cu thang: Tra bng chn s bc v cao bc thang (file nh km C5.4.6)

------------

File hng dn:

- Cch v mt ct tng trt (file nh km C5.4.7)

- Cch v mt ct lu 1 (file nh km C5.4.8)

- Cch v mt ct lu 2 (file nh km C5.4.9)

- Cch v mt ct sn thng (file nh km C5.4.10)



- File tham kho: file nh km C5.4.11

- File tham kho v MC 1: file nh km C5.4.13




* Ni dung:

- Din gii cc cu kin (i tng) c trong mt ct.

- Cch ging ly cao ct Mi dc.

- Cch tnh dc v gc ca Mi.

- Din gii 1 s cu kin c bit v cch th hin.

- Tham kho cch ging v th hin hnh ct cc cu kin.

Chng 5.5: TRIN KHAI MT CT

Mc ch ca bn v ny ( t l 1/100) l cung cp cho ngi c hnh ct tng th cng trnh nhm nh v cu kin, th hin cao cu kin v cung cp thng tin cc cu kin nh: vt liu, cu to.

- Sau khi v mt ct xong ta to file MC gc tng t nh to MB gc ( hng dn Chng 4).

Cc bc thc hin:

- M file c MB xref, M xref chng 5.2

- G XR-spacebar to cc MC Xref v b tr vo khung (nh hnh chp).


- Dim cc i tng cn th hin cao th v thu ph thi cng

+ Phn Tng: tng lng, tng ban cng, tng sn thng, hc tng trang tr, tng s n.

+ Tay vn cch nn bao nhiu?

+ Ca s cch nn bao nhiu?

+ Lu : cc cu kin c bc chi tit th khng dim t l 1/100 v khng dim phn KC nh: chiu cao Dm hoc b dy Sn (tng t nh MB l ta khng dim Ct).

- Cung cp thng tin:



+ Hatch cc cu kin cn thuyt minh r vt liu hon thin nh: hc tng trang tr, tng p , gch, lam g,...

+ Ghi ch (dng k hiu) Nn/sn. V d: nn tng trt=N1, nn WC trt = N2, nn tng lu = N3,...

- Tham kho cu to nn/sn (file nh km C5.5.2)

+ Ghi ch vt liu hon thin (din gii phn Hatch vt liu hon thin). V d: mu hatch ny l giy dn tng, mu hatch kia l p gch,...

+ Trch dn (khoanh vng v nh k hiu trin khai) cc chi tit cn trin khai lm r thit k hoc cc cu kin phc tp c nh hng n khi lng d ton (lam trang tr, vch phc tp, tiu cnh, thc nc, mi ly sng, khung st bo v,...)

File tham kho (file nh km C5.5.3)

Ht Chng 5



H tr lm BT Chng 5 Cc k hiu c bn c trong MB 1- K hiu trc: nh v cu kin.

2- K hiu chm trn v mi tn: th hin cao lch hng ln.

3- K hiu du ct lng (thang): gii hn vng nhn v Thang xut pht ca tng trnh s nhm ln bc thang gia cc v thang, thng c t t bc th 5 n bc th 10 ca v Thang xut pht.

4- K hiu code cao : th hin cao nn/sn ti v tr .

5- K hiu cu to nn/sn: cung cp thng tin rt gn cu to nn/sn.

6- K hiu mt ct (du ct): cung cp Tn v v tr t MC .

7- K hiu trch dn chi tit cn trin khai: cung cp Tn v v tr ca chi tit cn trin khai.

Cc k hiu c bn c trong M 1- K hiu trc: nh v cu kin.

2- K hiu code cao : th hin cao tng.

3- K hiu vt liu hon thin: cung cp thng tin rt gn VLHT.

Cc k hiu c bn c trong MC 1- K hiu trc: nh v cu kin.

2- K hiu code cao : th hin cao tng.

3- K hiu cu to nn/sn: cung cp thng tin rt gn cu to nn/sn.

Cc li trong cng tc trin khai MB-M-MC G- Chung

1- Li ng dim b dnh vo nhau

2- Li cc ng dim so le v ngt qung trong khi vn c th cho thng hng v lin tc.

3- Li thiu 3 ng dim: dim i tng, dim trc, dim tng (700-500-500)

4- Li thiu k hiu trc.

5- Li k hiu t so le (thay v c th t thng hng)

6- Li kch thc l hng n v.

A- Phn trin khai MB:

1- Li dim thiu phn tng trong (tng ngn)

2- Li ng dim bn trong cha ng hng dn: cch i tng 500.



3- Li dim ct (lu : khng dim ct)

4- Li dim d (bn ngoi dim ri, bn trong li dim tip)

5- Li thiu k hiu cu to nn/sn.

6- Li thiu khoanh vng v t k hiu chi tit cn trin khai (*)

7- Li cc k hiu so le trong khi vn c th cho thng hng.

8- Li khng dim v trc gn nht.

9- Li t Tn bn v ti MB con (thay v phi t ti MB m)

10- Li t du ct lng khng ng v tr (tng i bc s 7)

11- Li thiu nh s bc thang.

12- Li k hiu khng ng b theo file KIEN TRUC.dwt.

(*): Chi tit cn trin khai: l cc chi tit m t l 1/100 cha th cung cp thng tin th thi cng. Bao gm:

+ Thang.

+ V sinh.

+ Ca.

+ Ban cng hoc l gia.

+ Mi ly sng, Mi dc, s n.

+ Vch trang tr.

+ Cng, tng ro.

+ Cc chi tit trang tr khc.

B- Phn trin khai M:

1- Li dim thiu cc khi kin trc.

2- Li dim chi cht tng k ron (thay v ch cn ghi 1 cu l: tng k ron rng 20 m 10)

3- Li ch dim i tng m thiu dim trc, dim tng.

4- Li thiu ghi ch vt liu hon thin.

5- Li thiu k hiu cao tng.

C- Phn v MC dc:

1- Li cc cu kin Dm, sn khng ng code KC nh hng dn(*)

2- Li hng ct khng thy cu Thang (lu : phi c 1 MC nhn thy cu Thang)

3- Li v MC Tng nm lng l khng c Dm bn di.



4- Li thiu hatch Tng b ct.

5- Li hatch cc mng Tng khng phi tng trang tr.

6- Li khng v sn lt ti v tr ban cng, sn m 50 ti v tr WC

7- Li khng dc code trn MB bit kiu nh c lch tng hay khng.

8- Li cha tnh ng chiu cao Dm s b (# 1/12 chiu di Dm (chnh); #1/14 chiu di Dm (ph))

9- Li v nhm gia phn ct v phn thy (phn ct b ng ct ct qua, phn thy th khng b ng ct ct qua)

(*): Code trn MB, M, MC l cc code kin trc hay cn gi l code hon thin. Code KC phi thp hn code hon thin 50 cn thi cng hon thin p lt.

D- Phn trin khai MC:

1- Li dim thiu nhng ch cn dim nh: tng lng, chiu cao tay vn, khong a ra ca ban cng.

2- Li dim chiu cao Dm (lu : khng dim phn KC)

3- Li ch dim i tng m thiu dim trc, dim tng.

4- Li thiu k hiu cu to nn/sn.

Vn code king - Quy c code +-0.000 l code phng khch (theo bi hc). Do ta c code king chun l -0.050 ( king dc).

- T ta c 2 cch v king ngang (tng ng vi 2 cch thi cng king) l:

+ king ngang git theo code nn (hnh bn tri).

+ king ngang theo code king dc (hnh bn phi).

+ king ngang thp hn code king dc th buc phi h code (cm vo c ct) trng hp ny l code Sn ( king ca Cng tng ro)



Cc cu hi chn lc: Cu hi: File Template (.dwt) dng lm g? Tr li: - File .dwt l dng file template (file mu), dng cha nhng thnh phn m chng ta c th tn dng cho cc bn v sau. V d: cc thnh phn Hatch, K hiu, Dimstyle, Layer, Do ngi c dng file template s lm vic hiu qu hn ngi khng dng file template. Lu : khi c cc thnh phn mun save vo file template th khi save ta phi chn ui .dwt, nu khng Acad s mc nh save thnh file .dwg



------------ [laanhtai] Hip cho anh hi v v MC - Cc thng tin v cao nc WC, bn bp, hc tng, kt ca,trong bt khng c th v c chng thi sao? nht l ci nc WC trong gm cu thang? - Thang trong MC cng v tm theo s bc trong MB phi khng? Tr li: - Nhng phn anh hi tt c l ca ngi thit k. C th: + Trn WC nm trong khong t 2400 n 2700 (chng 7 ta s hc). WC di gm Thang th c th ng hoc khng ng trn. + Bn bp hay cc dng (vt dng) trong nh ni chung ph thuc vo kch thc ca ch nh. Tuy nhin vn c 1 mc chung hay dng l cao 800. + Hc tng th chng ny ta l ngi thit k lun (v ty ) nhng Hip c hng dn trong Topic c bn v MB: Hc tng c thm nt ngang l hc tng c chn, khng c nt ngang l hc tng khng chn. + Kch thc ca chng ny ta cng l ngi thit k lun (chng 8 ta s hc). + MC thang th ta chia s bc bng cch ly cao Thang chia cho s bc thang ra chiu cao mi bc (Chng 6 ta s hc) - Ni thm: ng ra th cc anh ch phi hc ht tt c cc chi tit kin trc, ngha l phi v c MC ca cc cu kin b ng ct ct qua th mi v hon chnh c MC ton nh. Nhng do chng trnh hc bm st quy trnh lm vic (trin khai kin trc) nn cc anh ch s phi hc v MC (s b) ton nh t l 1/100 (*) trc (sau ny khi lm vic, cc anh ch c theo quy trnh c hc m lm nh). Sau ta s hon chnh MC ton nh sau khi chng ta i ht chng 11. ------------ [lcnguyen] Anh cho hi l vi mi ng ct trn 1 MB nh vy th ta s v dc t trn xung di (nc -> trt) hay ta ch v cho mi MB thi? Tr li: - Mi MB nn 1 ng ct ngi c MC s i chiu vi MB. - i vi cc phn mm 3D, khi ta dng mp ct chng ta s c hnh ct xuyn sut cc tng. Nhng vi Acad l phn mm 2D mi th u do ta quy c. Do ng ct ti cc MB c th khc nhau, sao cho th hin c nhiu chi tit cu to cng tt. - Lu : + Khng v ng ct qua ct (v c BVKC) + Khng v ng ct ct qua khong trng gia 2 v thang.



Hnh tham kho

MC B-B th ta v thng MC A-A th ta ngt di sang ct qua ca MC C-C th ta ngt di sang ct qua ca ban cng v lan can tay vn ------------ [lienvan1]: Tm mt ng ci bp, c ai gip mnh vi. Chng ny v mt ct kh qu, chc phi v thng xuyn thi Tr li: Ch tham kho y : http://bepsaigon.com/home/

Cch v t bp (file nh km C5.4.12) ------------ M rng: Khi chng ta trin khai cc MB hoc gn n giai on hon thin hoc

hon thnh h s, nhng v 1 l do no c thay i thit k (v d: thay i s bc thang, v

tr WC, mirror ban cng,...) th nu chng ta khng dng xref th vic chnh sa rt cc li d b

sai st. Nhng nu chng ta dng Xref th vic chnh sa nh nhng hn v trong tm kim

sot. V chng ta bc cc chi tit: Thang, WC, Ban cng t MB nn khi chng ta thay MB th cc chi tit cng t ng edit theo. C 2 cch chng ta thay MB:



1- Thay ti MB gc

2- Thay ng dn tham chiu n file gc.

Lu : iu kin dng cch th 2 l cc file gc phi c cng im chn (trong bi hc hng dn l gc ta 0,0) - Khi khng c s kin chnh sa phng n thit k th cch th 2 c xem l cng c chng ta thit k nhiu phng n.



Mc ch chng:

+ HDSD 11 Lisp tng tc khi v.

+ Cc thnh phn c trong bn v trin khai THANG v quy trnh trin khai.

+ Dng XC bc chi tit MB Thang t MB gc.

+ Dng XC bc chi tit MC Thang t MC gc.

Chng 6.1 : CCH S DNG AUTOLISP

Cc bn c hc 30 lnh Chng 1. Cc bn s phi hc thm 5 lnh p ng cho cng vic giai on ny.

1- AL : Lnh ging cc i tng theo cc i tng khc. y l 1 lnh c bit c th ni l 1 lnh kt hp ca 3 lnh: Move, Rotate v Scale.

+ Chn i tng (cn ging)

+ G AL-spacebar

+ Click chn im th 1 trn i tng cn ging

+ Click chn im th 1 trn i tng th 2

+ Click chn im th 2 trn i tng cn ging

+ Click chn im th 2 trn i tng th 2 -spacebar

+ No-spacebar: Khng dng thm lnh scale

+ Yes-spacebar: Dng thm lnh scale

- Thng dng v h kt cu Mi dc.

Cc bn thc hnh bi tp nh trong din n hiu r thm v lnh ny.

2- TXT2MTXT - TY : Lnh chuyn Text 1 dng thnh Text nhiu dng

+ Qut chn cc Text 1 dng

+ G TY-spacebar (Ngc li chuyn Text nhiu dng thnh Text 1 dng, ta dng lnh X)

- Thng dng trong vic ghi ch, thuyt minh

3- ETRANSMIT - EE : Lnh ng gi cc file lin quan c trong bn v.

+ T file m g EE-spacebar

+ Nhn OK --> t tn --> nhn Save



- Thng dng gi file c xref cho ngi khc khi b mt file con

4- REGEN - RE : Lnh ti to bn v

+ Tng ng thao tc Refresh ngoi window

+ Trong qu trnh v ta g RE-spacebar

- Thng dng khi cc i tng khng c hin th ng. V d: ng trn b gy khc; Nt linetype khng hin th ng.

5- PURGE - PU : Lnh lm sch bn v (loi b cc thuc tnh khng dng ti trong bn v)

+ Trc khi save ta g PU-spacebar

+ Nhn A (hoc Yes) cho n khi khng nhn tip c na th ng li.

- Thng dng trc khi save lm nh bn v

------------

- Hip xin gii thiu b Lisp mnh thng dng gm 11 lnh tng tc khi v (Lisp do thnh vin Cadviet vit).

- Lisp c hiu nm na nh l nhng lnh m rng ca Cad, c ngi dng t vit bng ngn ng Autolisp.

- Cch gi lnh (lisp) tng t nh lnh (c bn) ca Cad.

* Cch load Lisp 1 ln duy nht

1- Th mc cha file Lisp.

2- Chn cc file Lisp cn Load.

3- Chc nng Load tm thi.

4,5- Chc nng Load Lisp s dng lu di.



* Cch tm tn lnh Lisp

- M file autolisp bng chng trnh notepad. Tn lnh Lisp chnh l nhng ch sau defun c:



- Sau khi ta Load Lisp v d tn lnh Lisp, ta vo t lnh tt cho lnh . V d sau khi load Lisp advt ta c th gn lnh tt nh sau: add, *advt

* 11 Lisp tng tc khi v

1- CD : lnh ct chn Dim

2- CT : lnh copy s tng 1 n v (1 copy ra 2, A copy ra B,...)

3- FR : lnh ni 2 on thng - Tng ng vi t hp lnh (F-spacebar; R-spacebar; 0-spacebar)

4- HB : lnh hatch nhanh (gch, knh, b tng)

5- NN : lnh ni cc ng thnh polyline

6- DV : lnh chia khong cch u nhau gia 2 im - Tng ng vi lnh DIV nhng hay hn.

7- ADVT : lnh thm nt iu khin cho i tng

8- DBL : lnh chn im chn mi cho block

9- WO : lnh to nhanh wipeout bng cch pick im

10- LTRUC : lnh chn ct vo li trc

11- VTB1 : lnh v nhanh hnh ct (thy) thang 1 v

- Video s dng Lisp (file nh km C6.1.1)

Hin ti c th cc bn cha cn 11 Lisp ny nhng nn lu v s rt hu dng cho cc bn sau ny.

Bi tp nh (file nh km C6.1.2)

Cc bn thc hnh thm 3 lnh:

- Scale (SC) vi tham s R

- Rotate (RT) vi tham s R

- Align (AL) c scale v khng c scale

Cc bn dng nhuyn 30 lnh chng 1 + 5 lnh b sung + 11 lisp ny th cc bn c trong tay b cng c rt tt (ch c ti lp HVKT t xa ny)



Chng 6.2: CU THANG - Google - Wiki (search google t kha Cu thang)

u tin cc bn phi c phn Cu to Thang (t trang 199 n trang 236) trong cun

Nguyn l cu to kin trc

Khng nm ngoi mc ch nh trnh by chng 3.3, mc ch chnh ca bn v trin khai Thang l cung cp cc thng tin cn thit th (thu ph) thi cng hon thin hng mc Thang gm cc thng tin sau:

- Cao thang v phn kt cu (s b) Thang xem c nh hng n kin trc nh khng? (v d: khong i ng u, li Dm,...)

- Cao mi bc thang c nm trong khong l tng t 150 n 170 v khng vt qu 180 khng?

- Lm r cc lp cu to v lp vt liu hon thin phn Thang nh: mt bc, i bc, len chy theo thang (gch, , g)

- Chi tit lan can tay vn phi tha mn 3 yu t: thi cng c, an ton, thm m.

- Lu :

+ Khi thi cng phn Kt cu (BTCT) Thang c bn v kt cu.

+ Khi cc bn trin khai n phn Thang thng thng cc KS s cung cp cho cc bn h KC ca Thang.

* Cc bc thc hin:

1- Ly MB Thang t MB Xref:

- M file chnh thc hin chng 5.2. Copy mt bng Xref c Thang cn trin khai.

- V hnh ch nht bao MB Thang. Khung bao ny phi ly c cc li trc gn nht nh v thang (cch u 4 cnh v bo gc nu cn)

- Nn chn chc nng ny:

- G XC-spacebar

- Click vo mt bng Xref-spacebar

- N-spacebar



- S-spacebar

- Chn hnh ch nht bao khu vc thang-spacebar

2- Ly MC Thang t MC xref

- Copy mt bng Xref c Thang cn trin khai.

- V hnh ch nht bao MC Thang. Khung bao ny phi ly c cc li trc gn nht nh v thang, cao xut pht v cao kt thc thang (bo gc nu cn)

- V lan can tay vn (tham kho ca KTS)

3- Trin khai:

A- Trin khai mt bng (hay b sung thng tin th thi cng)

- Scale mt bng Xref thang ln 2 ln ta c MB Thang t l 1/50

+ nh v thang: ngha l ta chn k hiu trc bit Thang ang nm trc my? i vi cng trnh nh ch c 1 Thang th khng quan trng nhng i vi cng trnh ln th vic nh v l rt quan trng.

+ Dim bc thang: bit chiu rng, chiu ngang mt bc.

+ Hatch vt liu hon thin mt bc (thng l granite hoc g)

+ nh s bc thang: xc nh s bc thang

+ V tay vn thang: C 2 loi:

- Thanh chng trn mt bc hay thanh chng cp hng thang.

B- Trin khai mt ct

+ Scale mt ct Xref thang ln 2 ln ta c MC Thang t l 1/50

(Scale mt ct Xref thang ln 4 ln ta c MC Thang t l 1/25)

+ Dim cao bc thang: bit chiu cao mi bc

(Dng lnh ED din gii cao bc thay v dim tng bc. V d: 10 bc x 160 = 1600)

+ Hatch BTCT Dm, Sn, bng thang BTCT

(Do y l block Xref nn chng ta phi dng lnh Wipeout (W) che hatch solid ca block Xref trc ri thc hin lnh Hatch BTCT sau. Xem video hng dn trn din n)

+ V lan can tay vn: Nu chng ta th hin lan can tay vn trn MC th trng bn v s p hn Tuy nhin vic v lan can tay vn thng thng mt rt nhiu thi gian m th th khng xem phn ny thi cng!



- Th thi cng phn lan can tay vn ch cn thng tin ti hnh v chi tit cu to lan can tay vn, v tr thanh chng ng (ti bc no). Do Hip s hng dn cc bn trin khai thang khng v lan can tay vn trn MC trin khai.

+ Ghi ch:

- K hiu trc

- Cc lp cu to ca Thang: bng k hiu cu to nn v din gii k hiu.

- Code cao tng.

- Thuyt minh chia bc Thang.

C- Trin khai lan can tay vn

- Nh ni trn. Chng ta s v chi tit in hnh cho 1 on lan can y kch thc, lin kt cu to. C th nh sau:

- T l th hin thng thng l 1/25 hoc 1/20. D nhin l ta v t l thc sau khi hon chnh ta scale ln t l tng ng. V d: TL 1/25 th scale 4 ln.

- Dim kch thc (chn thc dim tng ng)

- Lm r chi tit lin kt cc thanh ng vi thang (ghi ch). Khong cch thanh ng.

- Ghi ch vt liu

- Ni thm: Hin nay cc chi tit cu to in hnh lan can tay vn rt nhiu trn mng. Do chng ta s khng phi v m ch cn chn mu ph hp vi thit k v copy/paste.

- Ngoi ra theo phong cch hin i KTS hay CT thng chn lan can knh. M lan can knh th c v s hnh mu t cc nh cung cp. Chng ta c th chn hnh + cung cp m hng thay v ngi v ra m cha chc v ng!

- Quy trnh v MC thang (file nh km C6.3.2)

- Cu to Thang BTCT cc loi (file nh km C6.3.3)

- Cch chia bc thang (file nh km C6.3.4)


- Ngoi loi thang BTCT, chng ta cn c loi thang st (thng gp v tr sn thng ln mi) hay thang thot him (thng gp cc cng trnh cng cng).

Ht Chng 6



H tr lm BT Chng 6

Cc li trong cng tc trin khai Thang

G- Li Chung

1- Li thiu k hiu trc, dim trc

2- Li hatch phn BTCT.

+ T l 1/100 hatch solid.

+ T l 1/50 hatch mu BTCT (trong file KIEN TRUC.dwt)

+ T l 1/25; 1/20 phi v thm lp va.

3- Li mu hatch 2 lp chnh nn tng trt khng ng.

+ Lp BT 4x6 dy 100~150.

+ Lp t t nhin m cht ~450.

4- Li thiu dim

5- Li chiu cao ch v text dim 180.

A- MC ngang qua thang (t l 1/100)

1- Li chia chiu cao mi bc khng ng.

2- Li khng v theo quy trnh (nh MC dc):

+ V h li trc, cao tng.

+ V h KC Dm, sn.

+ V Tng (ct, thy)

+ V Thang (ct, thy)

+ Chn block (nu c)

3- Li tnh sai chiu cao Dm s b.

4- Li v Dm, sn sai code KC.

5- Li sai v tr hoc thiu Dm.

6- Li dm ph to hn Dm chnh.

+ Dm chnh l Dm nm ti li trc (l Dm truyn ti xung cc Ct chnh)

+ Dm ph l cc Dm c trong bn v khng phi l Dm chnh.

7- Li thiu 3 ng dim (i tng, trc, tng)



8- Li thiu code cao tng.

9- Li thiu k hiu trc; cu to nn/sn.

10- Li thiu dim v thang.

11- Li thiu th hin king.

12- Li thiu lan can tay vn.

13- Li v nhm phn ct v phn thy.

14- Li khng th hin phn thy (nt tng, ca, vt dng)

15- Li th hin i tng trc sau (i tng trc che i tng sau, c th dng trim hoc wipeout)

B- Trin khai MB Thang (t l 1/50)

1- Li thiu code cao .

2- Li thiu nh s bc thang.

3- Li thiu nt mi bc (nt ngoi l nt thy continue, nt trong l nt i bc hidden)

4- Li khng scale (x2) MB.

5- Li khng dim ng thc TL1-50.

6- Li t du ct lng khng ng (t tng i ti bc s 7)

7- Li thiu ghi ch cu to nn thang.

8- Li thuyt minh cao bc thang.

C- Trin khai MC Thang (t l 1/50)

1- Li thiu code cao .

2- Li khng scale (x2) MB

3- Li khng dim ng thc TL1-50

4- Li v khng cc lp cu to thang.

5- Li v nhm phn ct v phn thy.

6- Li thiu k hiu + ghi ch cu to nn thang.

7- Li thiu thuyt minh cao bc thang.

D- Lan can tay vn (t l 1/50, 1/25, 1/20)

1- Li v tr thanh chng ng vo su bc thang (trng hp chng trn mt bc) hoc a ra xa bc thang (trng hp cp hng bc thang). (Thng th tim thanh chng cch mp bc #50, p dng cho 2 trng hp)



2- Li khng ng b khi khc t l. V d: t l 1/50 dng st trn, sang t l 1/20 th dng st vung!)

3- Li yu t thm m. V d: kin trc nh hin i th li dng mu lan can c in v ngc li.

4- Li yu t an ton. V d: thanh xin tha, tr em c th chui qua lt hoc tay vn trn cng qu thp.

5- Li yu t kh thi. V d: v thiu lin kt, thanh chng ng tha khng kh nng chu ti hoc lan can c hnh dng qu phc tp.

Vn chia bc Thang

Cu hi : V d khi trin khai MC Thang cao 3900 v c 22 bc. Ti sao ta khng dim chiu cao Thang v dng lnh ED ghi ch l: "3900 chia u cho 22 bc" th thi cng t chia bc thang?

Hoc: Ti sao ta khng ly chiu cao Thang chia cho s bc (v d: 3900/22 bc = 177.272727) v ly s chn l 177. Phn l khi thi cng mc nhin s c th dn vo bc cui cng?

Hoc: Ti sao ta li lm bc u tin cao hoc thp hn cc bc cn li?

Tr li: V chng ta lm thit k ngha l phi tnh ton v v ra c cng trnh trc khi thi cng cng nh r sot c hu ht cc li khi thi cng. Cng nh thun tin cho ngi s dng. Nu ta th chia Thang th ngi th s phi ly 3900/22=177.272727 v ly s bc l 177 hoc 178 th lc ny bc cui cng s cao hoc thp hn cc bc kia, m iu ny th theo kinh nghim ca Hip th khng nn. L do: sau khi ta bc i ln cc bc thang u nhau, ring bc cui cng khc cao ta s rt kh chu (ht chn hoc vp)

- Do cch chia bc thang trong bi hc l ta dn phn l cho bc u tin.

Cc khi nim v k hiu

- u tin l k hiu mi tn v chm trn quy c bc c chm trn l bc u tin, mi tn l hng i ca Thang. Khng ch ring phn Thang, trn MB v tr lch code nn/sn (bc cp, ramp dc) u phi c k hiu ny.

- Du ct lng dng gii hn vng nhn. hiu du ny ta phi nh li nh ngha MB c c l do mt phng quy c (song song vi mt t) ct ngang cao 1m hoc 1,5m. Ngay v tr thang i ln ta c hnh dung s b mt phng ny ct v ta t du ct lng ti gii hn vng nhn ca tng . V d ta ngt qung bc s 9 th cc nt t bc 1 n bc 9 ta th hin nt thy "thay"). Nhng bc tip theo t du ct lng tr i l nhng nt ca bc tng di (ta th hin nt mnh "manh") hoc nt tip theo ca thang (th hin nt khut "khuat")

- Lu : ta quy c t du ct lng ti v tr bc s 7

- nh s bc thang: c 2 trng phi

+ Cch 1: nh lin tc t tng trt ln n tng trn cng. nh kiu ny ta s khng b nhm thang ca cc tng. Ngi mi hc nn nh s bc theo cch ny.



+ Cch 2: nh ring cho mi tng, ngha l bc xut pht ca tng trn ta nh li l 1. Khi nhn quen phn thang, cc bn nn nh theo cch ny (v thng tin m ngi c quan tm nht thang l s bc ca mi tng)

- nh (xc nh) c s bc ta phi move/copy (t trng) MB c thang kt thc xung MB c thang xut pht.

Cc loi Thang


Ni dung:

- File hnh: l cc loi thang 1, 2, 3, 4 v, thang cong, thang xon, thang dng bng, thang git bc.

- File cau kien thang.dwg: l file MC thang tham kho (hnh cha v ng phn code KC v code KT nh bi hc)

- File KC THANG1.dwg: l file kt cu thang. Nu chng ta hc Ha vin KC th chng ta phi v (th hin) nhng bn v ny (v thp cho cu kin BT)

- File KC THANG 2.dwg: l file kt cu thang. Cc bn tp c bn v ny bng cch khoanh vng nh v cu kin nh file KC THANG 1 nh.

Cc loi Lan can tay vn

Ty theo yu cu thit k m tay vn c th l: St, bng gang, inox, g, knh. Tuy nhin vn theo mt vi nguyn tc chung sau:

- Ph hp thm m vi tng th nh.

- An ton. Tay vn thang cao tng ng vi chiu cao bc nh sau:

+ Bc cao 150 th tay vn cao 900 so vi mt bc.



+ Bc cao t 170~180 th tay vn cao 800~750 so vi mt bc.

(Lu : chiu cao bc thang nm trong khong t 150 n 170 l chiu cao bc l tng)

Cc cu hi chn lc:

- Cu hi: Cc MB chi tit (MB thang, MB v sinh, MB vch trang tr, MB ban cng,...) c bc ra (xclip) i khi s b dnh cc Text, dim,... Vy khi chng ta scale trin khai t l ln hn th sao? Cc Text v dim s to gp i!



- Tr li: C 2 cch gii quyt v cng chnh l phng php ta trin khai bng xref

1- Chng ta chuyn qua th Layout, vo khung nhn ng l tt cc Layer .

2- Chng ta s to cc file c bn khng c cc Text v dim bn trong hnh

- Tng t cc MC nh: Thang, WC, Vch,... chng ta cng c th bc (xclip) t MC c bn (file con) v tinh chnh thm hoc dng xopen quay v tinh chnh MC c bn.

------------

[manhhung787] Anh hip i cho em hi v tr tng i gia dm chn thang,dm chiu ngh dm cui thang vi dm chnh? nhiu ch thang e vn cha hnh dung c v tr cc dm trn nn trin khai v gp kh khn, c bt buc ch no c chiu ngh ch c dm chiu ngh khng?

Tr li: Hng download "File tham kho" thang trong phn bi hc cha nh? Trong file Hip cng c ghi ch nh v cc cu kin Thang. Hin ti ta hc cch th hin nn ta khng quan tm n v tr tng i g c. Ngha l chng ta v MC Thang da vo MB Thang m KTS binh (ra phng n).

- Vn Hng hi lin quan n kt cu nn ta phi hiu nm na nh th ny:

+ Thang l 1 cu kin BTCT giao thng t tng di ln tng trn. Do Thang (hay bt c cu kin no khc trong cng trnh) phi c lin kt vo h kt cu chnh ca nh l (Ct, Dm, Sn. Phn Mng ta khng ni ti v nm bn di mt t nh, Kin trc ta ch quan tm n phn trn mt t)

+ Ngha l phn di Thang phi lin kt vi h KC ca tng di, phn trn Thang phi lin kt vi h KC ca tng trn, phn gia Thang (c th l v gia hoc chiu ngh) cng phi lin kt vi h KC gn -> Dm -> Ct

- C rt nhiu loi Thang BTCT. Nhng thng gp l cc Thang Hip gii thiu trn. Do chng ta ch quan tm n nguyn l gp bt c Thang no cng v c:

- Di bc thang u tin th c Dm (Dm chn thang - t tn cho khi nhm vi cc Dm khc)

- Bc cui cng l Dm (cui thang)

- Trn 10 bc phi c chiu ngh (khng c cng chng sao, nhng i mt rng chu ^^) - Thang cong (cng trnh dn dng) khng c chiu ngh.

+ Thang thng dng bng th BTCT bng thang, trn xy gch inh to bc, trn na l mch va v lp hon thin l granite hoc g (l 2 loi vt liu thng dng)

+ Thang thng dng git bc th BTCT ton khi git theo bc

+ Thang cong dng bng th cng BTCT bng thang trn xy gch inh to bc, trn na l mch va v lp hon thin l granite hoc g (l 2 loi vt liu thng dng)



+ Thang cong dng git bc th BTCT ton khi git theo bc (t gp v rt kh thi cng)

+ Thang r qut v tr chiu ngh th d nhin l khng c chiu ngh v cu to nh sau:

. BTCT nm di bc r qut di cng v cc bc trn xy gch to bc theo mt bng bnh thng.

Vn lin quan n kt cu d hnh dung, cc bn nn dnh cht thi gian ra cng trng ang thi cng hiu r hn v cc loi Thang nh.

Sau ny khi ta lm vic cng vy, nhng HV ngi vn phng nhiu th ch c th v p, cn mun v ng phi ra cng trng nhiu.

------------ [lcnguyen] Em mun v ng bao l hnh trn th lm sao anh? Em lm ging nh hcn nhng khng c.

Tr li: to ng bao Xclip vi hnh bt k ta lm nh sau: Vn gi lnh XC bnh thng

Nhng thay v chn Select polyline hoc Rectangular, ta s chn Polygonal

Sau pick im trn hnh bt k to vng che.

[laanhtai]: Hi dm 100x300 nhn n qu yu ch bng 1/2 tit din! nh vy bn ch lch tng c lm dm 100x300 c khng? Sao trong mu ny chiu cao bc thang cc tng khc nhau nhiu qu 145 - 165 -171

Tr li:

Dm thang i lc s nh hng n kin trc (v d: li dm i vng vai hoc u). Nn chng ta buc phi x l bng cch p Dm. Chiu cao Dm (chnh) vn theo tnh ton s b trong phn bi hc =1/12 chiu di Dm.



Anh hi nh th c yu khng? th Hip cng khng tr li c. y chng ta ang trin khai kin trc, cc cu kin kt cu ch c tnh ton s b v th hin sao cho khng nh hng n cng nng s dng bn trong. Vic ta p Dm cng ch l a ra gii php, KS s tnh ton ti trng Thang v a ra tit din Dm ph hp (c th l 100x300 tng Thp hoc tng tit din 100x400 th ty).

- Hip mun gii thiu cho cc anh ch cc mu Thang 3 v + 1 v lch tng cc anh ch hiu c phc tp ca Thang. Khi cc anh ch trin khai c mu thang ny th cc mu thang khc s n gin hn nhiu.

- Mu ny thang t Trt ln lu 1 cao 3300 - 21 bc. Khong lch tng 500 - 3 bc. Thang t lu 1, lu 2, lu 3 cao 2900 - 17 bc.

Do ta s c 3 cao bc khc nhau, khng vn g c. Min sao khng 180 l c. S bc thang ta c gng cho vo khung Sinh hoc Lo l c.

- Chiu rng bc thang t trt ln lu 1 = 230. Chiu rng bc thang tng lu = 250. Min sao khng 270 l c.

M rng: CCH S DNG LAYOUT ( iu khin Layer) lm vic c trn th Layout, cc bn phi hiu c cc khi nim.

I- Khi nim:

- Th Model (khng gian Model): l khng gian v.

- Th Layout (khng gian giy in): l khng gian t chc bn v (cng c th v) v c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca khng gian Model.

- Viewport: Khung nhn. T th Layout ta c th nhn thy v in cc i tng bn th Model theo nhiu cch nh:

1- Xem v in cc t l khc nhau.

2- Khng ch hin th Layer (tt/m layer) cho ra cc bn v khc nhau.

3- B sung thng tin (k hiu, ghi ch)

cng l ni dung ca Chng ny.

- Lnh to viewport: Mview (VV)

+ G VV-spacebar-OK

+ Click 2 im trn mn hnh (nh v hnh ch nht)

Cch to viewport l nh vy nhng theo chng trnh Hip to v cung cp cho cc bn file TKKT.dwt c sn cc viewport tng ng vi khung A3.



- Kha/m viewport: Khi ta click vo khung viewport - nhn Ctrl+1 (xem hnh)

+ Yes = kha viewport

+ No= m viewport

- Khung nhn ng v khung nhn tnh

+ Khung nhn ng: l khi ta double click vo trong viewport. Khi ta v hay lm bt c g th i tng nm bn th Model (nu viewport cha kha ta c th zoom hnh ca th Model ty , nu viewport kha th khng zoom c). Ta thng vo khung nhn ng iu khin Layer.

+ Khung nhn tnh: l khi ta khng double chut vo trong viewport hay ta double bn ngoi khung viewport. Khi ta v hay lm bt c g th i tng nm bn th Layout. Ta thng b sung cc k hiu v ghi ch bn khung nhn tnh.

II- Cch iu khin Layer trong tng viewport

1- Vo khung nhn ng ca viewport c bn v cn tt/m Layer.

2- Tm Layer cn tt/m v click vo biu tng nh hnh chp.



Lnh chuyn cc i tng t Layout sang Model v ngc li: chspace (cc bn t to lnh tt l CH nh)

(*) Khung tn: l 1 khung hnh ch nht kch thc tng ng vi cc kh giy t A3 n A0 (A4 rt t dng) gm cc thng tin sau:

- Tn n v u t (ch u t).

- Tn n v thit k.

- Tn nhng ngi tham gia thit k, v, kim tra, ch tr.

- Tn cng trnh (d n), a im.

- Tn hng mc (nu thuc cng trnh ln)

- Tn bn v

- S hiu bn v, ngy hon thnh, v mt s thng tin khc.



Bi tp

Cc bn chn block vt dng vo MB c bn (MB gc). Thc hnh dng Layout cho ra MB chi tit v MB vt dng ( chng 5)



Mc ch chng:

+ Din gii cc thnh phn c trong bn v trin khai WC v quy trnh trin khai.

+ Dng XC bc chi tit MB WC t MB gc.

+ Dng XC bc chi tit MC WC t MC gc.

- Khc vi chng 6 i hi cc bn phi nm vng ku cu, nguyn tc lin kt cc cu kin kt cu, hnh dung 3D cu kin thang. Chng 7 thnh phn kt cu chu lc kh n gin nhng li i hi cc bn phi c mt cht thm m v luyn tp thi quen nhn cng nh am hiu cc vt liu v thit b WC.

- Hnh ni tht WC tham kho (file nh km C7.1.1)

Chng 7.1: CC B PHN CU THNH WC 1- Dm sn BTCT.

2- Tng gch.

3- Vch ngn (thng gp khu WC cng cng)

4- Trn gi (che cc ng ng pha trn)

5- Ca i, ca s.

6- Lp hon thin nn, tng (gch/ p lt)

7- Hp gen (bao che cc ng k thut ng)

8- Phu thu nc (chn rc v ngn mi)

9- Thit b WC

+ Lavabo, gng soi.

+ Bn cu, bn tiu.

+ Tm ng (vch knh), tm nm.

+ Vi tm, vi ra.

+ n gng, n trn, qut ht.

+ T k (nu c)



Chng 7.2: TRIN KHAI WC * Ngoi chc nng thun ty ni y cn l ni ngh ngi th gin nn vic thit k phng WC c cc KTS rt quan tm.

Khng nm ngoi mc ch nh trnh by chng 3.3, mc ch chnh ca bn v trin khai WC l cung cp cc thng tin cn thit th (thu ph) thi cng hng mc WC nh:

+ Kch thc (din tch) phng WC (dim tng)

+ V tr thit b WC (dim nh v thit b)

+ Chng loi v quy cch p lt gch nn, tng hon thin (hatch v ghi ch)

+ Khong lch code nn hon thin trong v ngoi WC.

+ dc v hng thot nc.

+ Cao trn gi.

* Cc bc thc hin

A- Trin khai MB

* Ly mt bng WC t mt bng Xref:

- M file chnh trin khai cc bi tp trc, copy MB xref c WC cn trin khai.

- Khoanh vng WC cn trin khai, sao cho ly c trc gn nht (cch trc 200~300)

- G XC-spacebar ly mt bng WC.

- Copy ra 1 bn v mt ct (nu MC gc khng ct qua WC)

- Bn kia scale (x2) trin khai t l 1/50. Scale (x4) trin khai t l 1/25.

+ V ng ct v t k hiu MC (ti thiu 2 hng nhn)

+ Dim Tng v trc nh v, dim nh v thit b WC, nh v phu thu v mt trong tng.

+ Hatch gch v nh du gch mc.

+ t k hiu nn, t k hiu code cao (trong v ngoi WC), t k hiu hng thot nc v dc thot nc (hng v phu thu)

+ Ghi ch vt liu hon thin trn MB.

B- Trin khai MC

* Ly mt ct WC t mt ct Xref c WC cn trin khai (cch 1) hoc v mi mt ct WC (cch 2)

- Cch 1: Dng XC tng t nh MB.

- Cch 2: Cch ny dng khi MC gc (ng ct) khng ct qua WC.



+ Quay mt bng (t l 1/100) theo hng nhn du ct hng ln.

+ Ly cao WC (cao tng c WC)

+ V h KC Dm, sn: Dm chnh, dm ph, sn trong WC -50 so vi sn ngoi WC.

+ G XL-spacebar ging cc i tng b ct v v hatch.

+ G XL-spacebar ging cc i tng ta thy v v.

+ B tr thit b ta thy (dng block c sn trong file th vin)

+ Dim cao cc thit b WC, dim cao tng.

+ Hatch gch tng hon thin v gch im (nu c)

+ t k hiu code cao hon thin trong v ngoi WC. Cao khu kh/t (nu c)

+ Ghi ch vt liu hon thin.

+ Khoanh vng chi tit cn trin khai (nu c). V d: ngch ca, chi tit p lt c bit,


Ht Chng 7



H tr lm BT Chng 7 Cc Li thng gp trong cng tc trin khai WC

1- Li thiu Dm ti v tr c Tng hoc Dm chnh ti li trc.

2- Li tng xy khng chm ti y Sn hoc Dm.

3- Li scale Hatch (t l >=1/50)

+ Hatch vt liu tng (b ct) : ANSI 31 - scale=400

+ Hatch vt liu BTCT : BTCT - scale=20

4- Li hatch solid BTCT (dng kiu hatch BTCT nh file KIEN TRUC.dwt)

5- Li sai chiu cao text dim (dng ca file KIEN TRUC.dwt v khng c edit chiu cao text dim)

6- Li sai chiu cao text. Xem trong file KIEN TRUC.dwt ta thy trong bn v c 3 loi chiu cao Text (kh A3)

+ Tn bn v: cao text = 400

+ Tiu : cao text = 250

+ Ghi ch chi tit: cao text = 160~180 (p dng cho text dim)

7- Li ch ln ngc (c 2 cch gii quyt nh bn di)

8- Li thiu hoc sai dc thot nc (WC c dc thng thng i=2%~3%)

Cc cu hi chn lc

[manhhung787] Em c thc mc khi lm phn ny:

Trong cc mt bng em khng thy code WC phn ny KTS cung cp hay minh thm vo ? code gia cc v tr trong WC thng v tr thu nc th code phi thp hn v tr khc ch ny nh code th no ?Cao trn gi so vi trn WC l bao nhiu ?

Tr li:

- Code WC ty vo thit k ca KTS. y ta c hc code WC thp hn code bn ngoi 30. nn WC hon thin khng bng nhau m s c cn dc v v tr phu thu nc. Ta th hin bng k hiu dc (i= 2%) v hng thot nc (mi tn). l l do ti sao sn BTCT khu vc WC ngi ta s lm -50 so vi sn bn ngoi.

- Cao trn gi ph thuc vo cao sn BTCT ti v tr v ca KTS (gch p tng).

+ Thng thng trong nh , ta thng gp kiu nh c h WC cng v tr (ch khc tng). Do trn WC s l WC nn mc ch ca vic ng trn gi ngoi cch m, cch nhit, che h KC, n cn c chc nng che h ng dy ng ng k thut. Do khong cch gia trn



gi v sn BTCT tng trn phi thi cng cc ng ng (cch y Dm ti v tr #200, thng thng khong ny tha nn ta khng quan tm nhiu)

+ Kiu c ta thng thy WC p gch tng cao khong 1700~2000, pha trn sn nc. Ngy nay ta thng thy cc WC thng c p gch tng cao ti Trn gi. Do ty vo kch thc gch v kiu p m ta c cao Trn gi. y ta hc l 2700 (gch p 300x300 hoc 300x600)

------------

[lcnguyen] Em tham kho mt s bn v ca cc anh ch khc nn em c vi cu hi: 1- Mnh c th thay i (di chuyn) cc thit b v sinh trong WC hay ko? 2- Mnh c cn phi ghi ch v cc thit b v sinh hay ko? (V d k hiu: Ci ny l ci vi tm hoa sen) !!!??? 3- Anh Hip cho em hi l c cch no em c th xc nh dc loi gch lt nn c ko? VD nh em mun lt Bng King 6 tc vy th em phi lm sao xc nh cho vin ng 6 tc vung trong qu trnh hatch?

Tr li :

1- HVKT c th thay i v tr cc thit b WC ca file TKSB hay ko? Cu tr li l c 2 trng hp: - Nu ngi thit k hoc ch nh c coi hng (phong thy) th ta ko c thay i.

- Ngc li th chng ta c th thay v tr. Tuy nhin, cch b tr phi hp l hn hoc c duyt bi ngi thit k. V d:

+ Dim cc thit b khng c l (#0) + Cc thit b cch nhau (hoc cch tng) ti thiu l 500 (trnh vng khuu tay).

- Lu :

+ Trnh t lavabo vng ca i.

+ Ca s gn thp hoc hng lt ca ca s ngi bn ngoi c th thy ngi bn trong. V d: WC t gn v tr thang lch tng thng mc li ny.

+ Phu thu phi t gc tng (cui phng WC) hoc gn hp gen v c tnh ton trc gch lt nn ch phi ct 1 vin.

2- Vn ny cng c 2 trng hp:

- i vi n v thit k chuyn ni tht th h s ch nh lun thit b c th. V d: m hiu, nh sn xut ca thit b,.. - i vi n v thit k khng chuyn ni tht th khng cn phi nh th.

3- Nguyn chnh ti mc spacing (xem hnh)



Mc ch chng:

+ Dng cng c Attribute thng k ca.

+ Cc thnh phn c trong bn v trin khai Ca v quy trnh trin khai.

Chng 8.1: THNG K CA = Attribute Extraction Hip xin gii thiu n cc bn 1 cng c kh hay ca Cad. Cng c xut d liu (thuc tnh) ca block thuc tnh chng ta thng k Ca thng qua block thuc tnh Ca.

* Cc bc thc hin:

Dng layiso (2-spacebar) cho hin th cc block k hiu Ca thng k. Vo Tool\attribute extraction



Next...

- Qut chn cc k hiu Ca



Next...

Next...



- Nhp tn bng. Chn table style = FORM TABLE c sn trong file KIEN TRUC.dwt

Next...

- Click vo mn hnh t bng thng k.



Chng 8.2: TRIN KHAI CA

Cng nng Ca: Ngn cch ng, ly sng, ly gi, cch m, cch nhit.

* u tin cc bn c phn Cu to Ca (t trang 112 n trang 157) trong cun Nguyn l

cu to kin trc

- Cc loi Ca thng dng trong cng trnh dn dng: Ca st, ca nhm, ca nha li thp, ca g, ca cun, ca thy lc (bn l sn)

* Nhim v:

- Thng k (ng) s lng cho n v thi cng (thu ph)

- Cung cp kch thc Ca chnh xc (lt lng hoc ph b)

- Kiu ca (m, trt,...), chng loi Ca (st, g, nhm,...), vt liu hon thin (sn tnh in, dy knh,...)

* Quy trnh:

- Tham kho hoc yu cu KTS cung cp mu, kch thc chnh xc (lt lng hoc ph b)

- Thng k ca bng cch m (k hiu ca) th cng, dng lnh (LI) m block hay cng c Attribute Extraction

- Lp bng thng k



- Quy cch ghi k hiu Ca (file nh km C8.2.3)

(*) Ty vo cch lm vic ca tng cng ty, nhng hin nay a phn bn v shop drawing Ca do Thu ph cung cp. n v thit k chnh ch lm nhim v c nu trn. Do chng ta ch v Mt ng ca khng v mt bng, mt ct ca.

Ghi ch (ti bn v Ca rng buc n v thi cng (thu ph))

+ n v thi cng Ca cn kho st, o c ti cng trng bit kch thc sau cng. Nu sai lch ln hn 1cm so vi bn v thit k th phi bo ngay cho n v thit k chnh x l.

+ n v thi cng Ca xem MB nh v Ca bit c hng m ca (v tr bn l), khung tng 100, 200. Nu thc t cng trng c sai lch so vi bn v thit k th phi bo ngay cho n v thit k chnh x l.



- Kch thc Ca thng dng (file nh km C8.2.4)

- Chng loi st v nhm hp (file nh km C8.2.5)

- Ca tham kho (file nh km C8.2.6)

Gio trnh dy ngh Ha vin kin trc online t xa Chng 9


Mc ch chng:

+ HDSD 14 Lisp h tr khi lm vic.

+ Cc thnh phn c trong bn v trin khai MB lt gch, MB trn v quy trnh trin khai.

+ Chi tit cu to Mi bng, mi dc.

Chng 9.1: 14 Lisp h tr HVKT 1- ch : lnh i chiu cao Text

2- cld : lnh v my (ghi ch)

3- coblk : lnh chuyn cc i tng trong block v Layer hin hnh

4- cso : lnh cng cc s chn thm 1 s

5- csy : lnh ng v lu tt c cc bn v

6- df : lnh hatch nhanh trn thch cao khung ni

7- dt : lnh i tn block nhanh

8- dtm : lnh tnh din tch min c pick

9- hdim : lnh thay i chiu cao text dim

10- t2mt : chuyn nhiu DT thnh MT (vn gi nguyn v tr Text)

11- tg : lnh tnh tng chiu di

12- udt : lnh tnh tng din tch

13- vtl : lnh kha/m cc viewport c chn

14- xlt : lnh xut chiu di on thng L= s (m)

- Download Lisp: (file nh km C9.1.1)

Gio trnh dy ngh Ha vin kin trc online t xa Chng 9


Chng 9.2: TRIN KHAI MB LT GCH Mc ch: Th thi cng p lt gch hon thin, bc khi lng d ton hoc b phn cung cp vt t.

- M file chnh trin khai cc bi tp trc, copy MB xref cc tng v b tr vo khung.

- V ng bao tng phng v hatch gch nn.

- nh du gch mc.

- Hatch gch im trang tr (nu c)

- Din tch khu vc p lt gch

+ Dng lnh LI-spacebar, click vo ng bao phng.

+ Dng lnh AA-spacebar, O-spacebar, click vo vng hatch gch.

- Ghi ch thm thng tin: chng loi gch, nh cung

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172695095 Giao Trinh Day Nghe Hvkt Tu Xa Tron Bo 12 Chuong Update 092013