1h23多變量分析方法─統計軟體應用(附光碟)

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SPSSSASBMDP

()

SPSS SAS

AVE

(multiple regression analysis) (logistic regression analysis) (canonical correlation

analysis) (discriminant analysis) (hypothesis testing

of means) (multivariate analysis of variance, MANOVA)

(principal component analysis) (factor analysis)

(cluster analysis) (multidimensional scaling, MDS)

(structural equation modeling, SEM) (multilevel modeling, MLM)

(loglinear model)

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( SAS SPSS)

SAS 9.22SPSS 19.01 () SPSS

NCSS 2007 LISREL 8.8Amos 19.0Mplus 6.11

HLM 7.0

SPSSNCSS HLM

(menu) (

)

(

)

SPSS SAS

(http://cclearn.npue.edu.tw/tuition/ccchen-web/)

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i

1 ........................................................................ 1

1.1 ...................................................................................... 11.2 .................................................................................................. 3

1.2.1SPSS ........................................................................................................ 41.2.2SAS .......................................................................................................... 71.2.3MinitabSTATISTICASTATGRAPHICS .................................... 81.2.4STATA .................................................................................................. 111.2.5SYSTAT ................................................................................................ 131.2.6NCSS ..................................................................................................... 131.2.7S-PLUSR ........................................................................................... 141.2.8LISREL .................................................................................................. 171.2.9AMOSMplus ..................................................................................... 191.2.10HLMMLwiN ................................................................................... 22

1.3 ................................................................ 242 ...................................................................................... 27

2.1 ........................................................................................................ 272.1.1 ........................................................................................... 282.1.2 ............................................................................................... 292.1.3 ............................................................................... 312.1.4 ................................................................... 322.1.5 ........................................................... 342.1.6 ........................................................................................... 402.1.7 ............................................................................................... 412.1.8 ........................................................................... 422.1.9 ............................................................................................... 432.1.10 ............................................................................................. 462.1.11 ......................................................................... 54

2.2 .................................................................................................... 552.2.1 ............................................................................................... 562.2.2 ............................................................................................... 56

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2.3 ........................................................................................................ 592.3.1 ............................................................................................... 592.3.2SPSS .................................................................................. 592.3.3SPSS .............................................................................................. 682.3.4SPSS ...................................................................................... 692.3.5SAS................................................................................................ 702.3.6SAS........................................................................................ 712.3.7 ........................................................................................... 72

2.4 .................................................................................................... 90

3

.................................................................................. 933.1 ........................................................................................................ 933.1.1 ................................................................... 933.1.2 ....................................................................................... 973.1.3 ....................................................................... 993.1.4 ..................................................... 1013.1.5 ................................................................................. 1043.1.6 ................................................................................. 1053.1.7 ..................................................................................... 106

3.1.8 ..................................................................................... 1103.1.9 ................................................................. 110

3.2 .................................................................................................. 1113.2.1 ............................................................................................. 1113.2.2 ............................................................................................. 112

3.3 ...................................................................................................... 1143.3.1 ............................................................................................. 1143.3.2SPSS ................................................................................ 1143.3.3SPSS ............................................................................................ 1243.3.4SPSS .................................................................................... 1243.3.5SAS.............................................................................................. 1253.3.6SAS...................................................................................... 1253.3.7 ......................................................................................... 126

3.4 .................................................................................................. 148

4 .................................................................................... 1514.1 ...................................................................................................... 151

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4.1.1 ................................................................................. 1514.1.2 ......................................................................... 1534.1.3 ............................................. 1534.1.4 ............................................................................. 1554.1.5 (index) ................................................................ 1564.1.6 (adequacy) ............................................................. 1574.1.7 ............................................................................................. 1584.1.8 ..................................................................... 1594.1.9 ..................................................................................................... 1634.1.10 ............................................................... 163

4.2 .................................................................................................. 165

4.2.1 ............................................................................................. 1664.2.2 ............................................................................................. 166

4.3 ...................................................................................................... 1734.3.1 ............................................................................................. 1734.3.2SPSS ............................................................................................ 1734.3.3SPSS .................................................................................... 1734.3.4SAS.............................................................................................. 1754.3.5SAS...................................................................................... 1754.3.6 ......................................................................................... 175

4.4 .................................................................................................. 1945 ............................................................................................ 195

5.1 ...................................................................................................... 1955.1.1 ......................................................................... 1955.1.2 ......................................................................... 1965.1.3 ......................................................................... 1975.1.4 ................................................................. 1995.1.5 ............................................................................. 2005.1.6 ......................................................................... 2015.1.7 ............................................................................................. 2015.1.8 ............................................. 2025.1.9 ..................................................................................... 2025.1.10 ............................................................................... 2025.1.11 ....................................................................................... 2035.1.12 ................................................................................... 207

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5.1.13 ........................................................................................... 2095.1.14 ........................................................................................... 2095.1.15 ................................................................................... 2105.1.16 ....................................................................... 211

5.2 .................................................................................................. 2115.2.1 ............................................................................................. 2125.2.2 ............................................................................................. 212

5.3 ...................................................................................................... 2175.3.1 ............................................................................................. 2175.3.2SPSS ................................................................................ 2185.3.3

SPSS ............................................................................................ 2225.3.4SPSS .................................................................................... 2225.3.5SAS.............................................................................................. 2235.3.6SAS...................................................................................... 2235.3.7 ......................................................................................... 224

5.4 .................................................................................................. 2566 ............................................................................ 257

6.1 ...................................................................................................... 257

6.1.1 ..................................................................... 2586.1.2 ..................................................................... 2586.1.3 ............................................................. 2646.1.4 ............................................................. 268

6.2 ...................................................................................................... 2746.2.1 () .................................................... 2756.2.2 () ............................................ 2896.2.3 () ............................................ 303

6.3 .................................................................................................. 3157 ............................................................................ 317

7.1 ...................................................................................................... 3177.1.1MANOVA ....................................................................... 3177.1.2MANOVA ....................................................................... 3187.1.3MANOVA ....................................................................... 318

7.2 ...................................................................................................... 3287.2.1 ............................................................................................. 328

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7.2.2 () ................................ 3297.2.3 () ................................ 3487.2.4 () ............................................................ 356

7.3 .................................................................................................. 3668 ........................................................................................ 369

8.1 ...................................................................................................... 3698.1.1 ............................................................................. 3698.1.2 ......................................................................... 371

8.2 .................................................................................................. 3748.2.1

............................................................................................. 3748.2.2 ............................................................................................. 375

8.3 ...................................................................................................... 3778.3.1 ............................................................................................. 3778.3.2SPSS ................................................................................ 3778.3.3SPSS ............................................................................................ 3818.3.4SPSS .................................................................................... 3818.3.5SAS.............................................................................................. 3818.3.6

SAS...................................................................................... 3828.3.7 ......................................................................................... 383

8.4 .................................................................................................. 3909 ............................................................................................ 393

9.1 ...................................................................................................... 3939.1.1 ..................................................................................................... 3939.1.2 ......................................................................... 3939.1.3 ................................................................................. 401

9.1.4 ......................................................................... 4129.1.5 ............................................................................. 413

9.2 .................................................................................................. 4139.2.1 ............................................................................................. 4149.2.2 ............................................................................................. 414

9.3 ...................................................................................................... 4209.3.1 ............................................................................................. 4209.3.2SPSS ................................................................................ 4219.3.3SPSS ............................................................................................ 424

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9.3.4SPSS .................................................................................... 4259.3.5SAS.............................................................................................. 4259.3.6SAS...................................................................................... 4259.3.7 ......................................................................................... 426

9.4 .................................................................................................. 44610 .......................................................................................... 449

10.1 .................................................................................................... 44910.1.1 ........................................................................... 45010.1.2 ................................................................... 45310.1.3

................................................................... 454

10.1.4 ........................................................................... 46210.1.5 ....................................................................... 47110.1.6 ................................................................................... 47310.1.7 ................................................................... 47510.1.8 ................................................................................... 47610.1.9 ................................................................................................... 477

10.2 .................................................................................................... 47810.2.1

........................................................................................... 478

10.2.2SPSS .............................................................................. 47810.2.3SPSS .......................................................................................... 48610.2.4SPSS .................................................................................. 48610.2.5SAS............................................................................................ 48710.2.6SAS.................................................................................... 48710.2.7 ....................................................................................... 488

10.3 ................................................................................................ 50311 ...................................................................................... 505

11.1 .................................................................................................... 50511.1.1 ........................................................................... 50511.1.2 ................................................................... 50611.1.3 ................................................................... 511

11.2 .................................................................................................... 51111.2.1 (MDS) ...................................................... 51111.2.2SPSS .............................................................................. 51211.2.3SPSS .......................................................................................... 515

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11.2.4SPSS .................................................................................. 51511.2.5SAS............................................................................................ 51511.2.6SAS.................................................................................... 51611.2.7 ....................................................................................... 51711.2.8 (MDS) .................................................. 52611.2.9 ....................................................................................... 528

11.3 ................................................................................................ 53712 .................................................................................. 539

12.1 .................................................................................................... 53912.1.1

SEM

................................................................................... 540

12.1.2 ........................................................................... 54112.1.3LISREL.............................. 54512.1.4LISREL...................................................................... 55112.1.5LISREL.......................................................................... 55112.1.6LISRELSIMPLS............................................................ 57212.1.7Amos Graphics .................................................................. 578

12.2 .................................................................................................... 58812.2.1

............................................................................... 588

12.2.2 ................................................................... 64612.2.3 ....................................................................... 66612.2.4 ....................................................................... 687

13 ...................................................................................... 70513.1 .................................................................................................... 705

13.1.1 ............................................................................... 70613.1.2

........................................................................... 708

13.1.3 ................................................................... 70913.1.4 ................................................................... 71813.1.5 ............................................................... 72113.1.6 ................................................................... 72513.1.7 ............................................................................... 73013.1.8 ........................................................................... 73013.1.9 ................................................................................... 73113.1.10 ..................................................................................... 73113.1.11 ................................................................. 732

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13.2 .................................................................................................... 73413.2.1 ........................................................................................... 73413.2.2HLM .................................................................................. 73512.2.3SPSS .............................................................................. 75913.2.4SPSS .......................................................................................... 76313.2.5SPSS .................................................................................. 76313.2.6 ....................................................................................... 76413.2.7SAS............................................................................................ 76613.2.8SAS.................................................................................... 76713.2.9SAS................................................................................ 768

13.3 .................................................................................................... 769

14 .................................................................................. 77114.1 .................................................................................................... 771

14.1.1 ................................................................... 77114.1.2 ........................................... 77114.1.3 ........................... 78114.1.4 ....................................................................................... 78714.1.5

........................................................... 793

14.1.6 ........................................................... 79314.1.7 ................................... 79414.1.8 ........................... 79614.1.9 ........................... 800

14.2 .................................................................................................... 80414.2.1 () .................................................................. 80414.2.2 () .......................................................... 822

14.3 ................................................................................................ 83414.3.1 ........................................................................... 83414.3.2 ................................................................... 836

.................................................................................................. 837

.............................................................................................. 853

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7

1 2 3 1 2 3

( ) ( )

n nY Y Y Y X X X X + + + + = + + + +L L

7.1 7.1.1 MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance, MANOVA)

(univariate analysis of variance, UNIANOVA)

ANOVAk

FMANOVA k

(centroid)

MANOVA (Bray &

Maxwell, 1985)

MANOVA

MANOVA a

k

p p

k

(constructs)

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MANOVA

7.1.2 MANOVAMANOVA (Bray & Maxwell, 1985)

(multivariate normal distribution) k

ANOVA

k

ANOVAMANOVA

7.1.3 MANOVAMANOVA ANOVA

(overall omnibus test) k

(follow-up

test) (Bray & Maxwell, 1985)

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vv 319

7.1.3.17.1.3.1.1MANOVAMANOVA kp

11 12 1

21 22 2

31 32 30

1 2

:

k

k

k

p p pk

H

m m m

m m m

m m m

m m m

= = =

L

M M M

MANOVAWilks LPillai-Bartlett

trace (v)Roy (GCR) Hotelling-Lawley trace (T)

Wilks L||

||EH

E+

( 7-1)

i

s

1i 1

1

+P=L=

( 7-2)

i

is

1i 1

V

+S==

( 7-3)

GCR | | 0l- =H E 1 1

1

1 +( 7-4)

s

ii 1

T =

= ( 7-5)

7-1 7-2 Wilks L 7-1

SSCP (H) SSCP (E)Wilks L 7-2

7-5 | | 0l- =H E 1| | 0l- - =E H

LvGCR T 7-2 Pli

7-4 l1 ()Wilks L

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(Olson, 1976) SPSS

MANOVAGLM SAS GLM H

7-1

7-1 MANOVA df SSCP L

k1 H||

||

EH

E

+

Nk E N1 TH + E

k N

7.1.3.1.2MANOVA MANOVA

60

120

A B

1 2 1 2 3

30 30 20 20 20

60 60

AB 60

60 120

B

1 2 3

A 1 10 10 10 30

2 10 10 10 30

20 20 20 60

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vv 321

(main effect)

(interaction)

MANOVA

H HaHbHab He

7-2

7-2 MANOVA Wilks L

A

||

||

EA

E

HH

H

+ | | 0l- =A EH H

B

||

||

EB

E

HH

H

+ | | 0l- =B EH H

AB

||

||

EAB

E

HH

H

+ | | 0l- =AB EH H

MANOVA 7-3

7-3 MANOVA df SSCP L

A a1 HA

||

||

EA

E

HH

H

+

B b1 HB

||

||

EB

E

HH

H

+

AB (a1)(b1) HAB

||

||

EAB

E

HH

H

+

ab(n1) HE

N1 T = HA + HB + HAB + HE

a A b B n

AB

(multivariate test of simple main effect) (Bray & Maxwell, 1985) AB

A at B1A at B2B at A1 B at A2SPSSMANOVA GLMMANOVA

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322 vv

HE1at BA

H

2at BAH

1at ABH

2at ABH

7-4

7-4 MANOVA

Wilks L

A at B1 ||||

1at EBA

E

HHH

+

1at| | 0l- =A B EH H

A at B2 ||

||

2at EBA

E

HH

H

+

2at| | 0l- =

A B EH H

B at A1 ||

||

1at EAB

E

HH

H

+

1at| | 0l- =B A EH H

B at A2 ||

||

2at EAB

E

HH

H

+

2at| | 0l- =

B A EH H

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vv 323

7-5

7-5 MANOVA df SSCP LA at

B1 a1 1at BAH ||

||

1at EBA

E

HH

H

+

B2 a1 2at BAH ||

||

2at EBA

E

HH

H

+

B at

A1 b1 1at ABH ||||

1at EAB

E

HHH

+

A2 b1 2at ABH ||

||

2at EAB

E

HH

H

+

ab(n1) EH

a A b B n

7.1.3.2MANOVA

(Bray & Maxwell, 1985) BrayMaxwell

7.1.3.2.1 F MANOVA F

ANOVA ( Bird, 1975: Harris, 1975)

Bonferroni aF a/p (p

) SPSSMANOVA GLMSAS GLM

MANOVA F

p

MANOVA

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324 vv

MANOVA

( Thompson, 1998) MANOVA

F BrayMaxwell

p ANOVA

Borgen

Seling (1978) ()

7.1.3.2.2

()

SPSS

MANOVA SAS GLMMANOVA

7.1.3.2.3 (step-down analysis)

F

F ANOVAF

SPSS

MANOVA/PRINT=SIGNIF(STEPDOWN)

SAS GLM ANCOVA

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vv 325

7.1.3.2.4 (multivariate contrast) p

Hotelling T2 () (Bray & Maxwell, 1985;

Rodger, 1973) a

a/g (g) SPSSMANOVA GLM

SAS GLMMANOVA

7.1.3.2.5 p

(univariate contrast)F

Bird (1975) a

a/gp (gp) SPSSMANOVA

GLMSAS GLMMANOVA

7.1.3.2.6 Roy-Bose (Roy-Bose

simultaneous confidence intervals, SCI) SAS GLM

SPSSMANOVAWilks L

/CINTERVAL=JOINT MULTIVARIATE(WILKS)

WILKS ROYPILLAIBONFER

HOTELLING 0

Wilks L

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326 vv

()c0()

+=

21

2

n1

n1S ( 7-6)

-=

--

--

),1,(,

),1,(,

0

1c

kNkp

kNkp

eU

U

a

an ( 7-7)

7-6S2

n1

n2

7-7

ve

pkN

Wilks

Bonferroni

7.1.3.3

t

()c0()

0 ,( )c N kta -= ( 7-8)

7-6c0 t 3

30 .05,(30 3) 2.05183t - =

a

a

(APA, 2001)

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vv 327

7.1.3.4 (APA, 2001)

Wilks L||

||

he

e

QQ

Q

+

1- LLs

i 1i

1

1 =P

+L

1/sL 1/1 s- L

MANOVA 2

2 2 1/

(Wilks) 1s

h t= = - L s 0 ( 7-9)

2

(Hotelling)

/

/ 1

T s

T sh =

+( 7-10)

2(Pillai) /V sh = ( 7-11)

2

(Roy) 1 1/ (1 )h l l= + ( 7-12)

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328 vv

7.2

7.2.1

40

7-6=.05 (1)

(2)

(3)

7-6

41 44 40 45 37 38 44 44

43 45 45 47 40 41 50 47

47 46 46 48 40 43 51 54

48 46 48 51 43 43 53 54

49 47 50 51 44 44 53 55

51 47 54 53 46 46 55 57

53 48 54 57 49 48 59 5854 53 54 59 52 48 59 59

54 53 63 59 55 49 62 59

55 55 63 60 58 55 63 66

12

7-7 a =.05

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vv 329

7-7

13 12 10 9 10 9

14 14 10 10 9 9

12 13 12 9 9 10

13 12 14 11 11 9

10 12 11 10 14 13

10 12 10 13 13 12

9 11 9 11 12 12

9 10 10 13 14 13

7.2.2 ()

7.2.2.1 SPSS1. (Analyze) (General Linear Model)

(Multivariate)

2. s1 () s2 () (Dependent Variables)g (

) (Fixed Factor(s))(Plots)

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330 vv

3. g(Horizontal Axis)(Add)

4. (Options)

(Significance level) .008333 Bonferroni

( .05[( -1) ] (4-1) 2 6 = .05/6=.00833

.05 -1 Bonferroni

Bonferroni)

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vv 331

5.

(Analyze) (General Linear Model)

(univariate)

6. s2 () (Dependent Variables)g () (Fixed Factor(s))

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332 vv

5 Post Hoc

(Factor) g (Post Hoc Tests for) LSD

.008333 ( Bonferroni

)

idk

1/61 (1 .05) .008512- - =

61 (1 .008512) .05- - =

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vv 333

7.2.2.2 SPSS[1] GLM s1 s2 BY g

[2] /PLOT=PROFILE(g)

[3] /PRINT=DESCRIPTIVE ETASQ TEST(SSCP) RSSCP

HOMOGENEITY

[4] /POSTHOC=g(LSD)

[5] /CRITERIA=ALPHA(.008333)

[6] /DESIGN= g.

[7] UNIANOVA s2 BY g

/POSTHOC=g(LSD)

/CRITERIA=ALPHA(.008333)

/DESIGN=g.[8] MANOVA s1 s2 BY g(1,4)

/CONTRAST(g) = REPEATED

/CINTERVAL = JOINT MULTIVARIATE(BONFER)

/DESIGN = g.

[9] MANOVA s1 s2 BY g(1,4)

/CONTRAST(g) = REPEATED

/CINTERVAL = JOINT MULTIVARIATE(WILKS)

/DESIGN = g.

[10] GLM s1 s2 BY g

/LMATRIX = 'g1 vs g2' g 1 -1 0 0/LMATRIX = 'g3 vs g4' g 0 0 1 -1

/DESIGN= g.

7.2.2.3 SPSS[1] GLM S1 S2 G

[2] (profile plot)

[3] 2SSCP

[4] G LSD (Least Significant Difference) [5]

[5]

1. [( -1) ] Bonferroni

(4-1) 2 6 = .05/6=.00833

2. -1 Bonferroni

3. Bonferroni

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334 vv

[6] G DESIGN

DESIGN

[7] UNIANOVA S2 S2 GLM

[8] MANOVA S1S2 G 4

( 1 4)

BONFER REPEATED (

122334) Simple ( 142

434) Simple(1) ( 213141)

6

[9] [9] Bonferroni

[10] LMATRIX

LMATRIX

.05 LMATRIX Bonferroni

.05/6

GLM s1 s2 BY g

/LMATRIX = 'g1 vs g2' g 1 -1 0 0

/LMATRIX = 'g1 vs g3' g 1 0 -1 0

/LMATRIX = 'g1 vs g4' g 1 0 0 -1

/LMATRIX = 'g2 vs g3' g 0 1 -1 0

/LMATRIX = 'g2 vs g4' g 0 1 0 -1

/LMATRIX = 'g3 vs g4' g 0 0 1 -1

/CRITERIA = ALPHA(.008333)/DESIGN= g.

7.2.2.4 SAS[1] PROC GLM;

[2] CLASS g;

[3] MODEL s1 s2 = g;

[4] MANOVA H = g/PRINTH PRINTE SUMMARY;

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vv 335

[5] LSMEANS g/ CL ADJUST=BON ALPHA=.05;

[6] CONTRAST 'g1 vs g2' g 1 -1 0 0;

CONTRAST 'g1 vs g3' g 1 0 -1 0;

CONTRAST 'g1 vs g4' g 1 0 0 -1;

CONTRAST 'g2 vs g3' g 0 1 -1 0;



[7] ESTIMATE 'g1 vs g2' g 1 -1 0 0;

ESTIMATE 'g1 vs g3' g 1 0 -1 0;

ESTIMATE 'g1 vs g4' g 1 0 0 -1;

ESTIMATE 'g2 vs g3' g 0 1 -1 0;



[8] MEANS g;

[9] RUN;

7.2.2.5 SAS[1] PROC GLM GLM[2] CLASS GMODEL

[3] MODEL Y1 Y2 G

[4] MANOVAMANOVA G ()

( E) ( H)

[5] LSMEANS G

.05 ADJUST=BON Bonferroni

[6] CONTRAST G1 G2 G

1 -1 0 0 0 0

[7] ESTIMATE CONTRAST t

CONTRAST

[8] MEANS G

[9]

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7.2.2.6 ( SPSS)[1]

Descriptive Statistics

Mean Std. Deviation N

49.50 4.813 10

51.70 7.469 10

46.40 6.947 10

54.90 5.915 10

Total 50.63 6.879 40 48.40 3.836 10

53.00 5.477 10

45.50 4.790 10

55.30 6.255 10

Total 50.55 6.300 40

[2]

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vv 337

[3]

Boxs Test of Equality of Covariance Matricesa

Boxs M 10.586F 1.057

df1 9

df2 14851.910

Sig. .391

Tests the null hypothesis that the observed covariance

matrices of the dependent variables are equal across

groups.

a Design: Intercept+A

Boxs M 10.586p=.391

.05

[4]

Bartletts Test of Sphericity aLikelihood Ratio .000

Approx. Chi-Square 65.903

df 2

Sig. .000

Tests the null hypothesis that the residual covariance

matrix is proportional to an identity matrix.

a Design: Intercept+g

Bartlett2 = 65.903p

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338 vv

Levene

p .536 .656

[6]

Multivariate Testsc

Effect Value F

Hypothesis

df

Error

df Sig.

Partial Eta

Squared

Intercept PillaisTrace

.991 1989.428a

2.000 35.000 .000 .991

WilksLambda .009 1989.428

a

2.000 35.000 .000 .991

HotellingsTrace

113.682 1989.428a

2.000 35.000 .000 .991

RoysLargest

Root

113.682 1989.428a

2.000 35.000 .000 .991

g PillaisTrace

.516 4.175 6.000 72.000 .001 .258

Wilks

Lambda

.502 4.796a 6.000 70.000 .000 .291

HotellingsTrace

.954 5.409 6.000 68.000 .000 .323

RoysLargest

Root

.914 10.971b 3.000 36.000 .000 .478

a Exact statistic

b The statistic is an upper bound on F that yields a lower bound on the significance

level.

c Design: Intercept+g

() LvT GCR

LvT F L F

p k=2

)1,(

11--=

--

L

L-pnpF

p

pN ( 7-13)

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35/35

1063394

(02)2705-5066 (02)2706-6100

http://www.wunan.com.tw

wunanwunan.com.tw

01068953

/6

(04)2223-0891 (04)2223-3549

/290

(07)2358-702 (07)2350-236

1994 4

1998 8

2003 9

200512

2009 2

2011 8

.., 2011.08

ISBN 978-957-11-6378-9()

1. 2.

511.2 100014943

1H23

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1h23多變量分析方法─統計軟體應用(附光碟)