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Page 1 01.07.03, LG-SC, Werner Zimmermann

Thermal Analysis of High Temperature Materials- for Aerospace Applications -

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Total Revenues: 34 M€Fixed Assets: 38 M€ (orig. costs)

Office Space: 2.800 m²

Laboratories: 8.200 m²

Employees: ~260 (permanent, temporary, graduate and thesis students)

Corporate Research Centre GermanyCorporate Research Centre GermanyOttobrunnOttobrunn

Corporate Research Centre GermanyCorporate Research Centre GermanyOttobrunnOttobrunn



LG-SO/Dr.Schnaut

Topography (AFM)Tribological PropertiesThermal/IR BehaviourElectrical Properties

Metallic/Ceramic/OrganicCoatingsStructured SurfacesMech./Thermal Treatment

Chemical/ElectrochemicalPVD, PACVD andPlasma ProcessesThermal Spraying

Process IntegrationEnvironmental ImpactCost EvaluationSupplementary Methods

Coating Characterizationand Assessment Process Evaluation

and External Contacts

New Processes andProcess Development

Close

26

141

256 nm

0 5.05 10.1 µm

28

164.5

301 nm

0 5.05 10.1 µm

35

148

261 nm

0 5.05 10.1 µm

OTN12/9

Surface and Chemical Engineering

Surface and Chemical Engineering

New Coatings andSurface Modifications



Motivation:

Materials for re-entry vehicles

rocket engines

turbines

supersonic systems

.................



Collaborationwith internal and external

partners

Microwave Signature Analysis

Measurement Activities:Absorptivity

•Transmissivity•Reflectivity•Magnetic and•Dielectric Loss Factors•Electric Conductivity•Free and Guided Wave

Propagation

Thermal Management & ControlMeasurement Activities

• Emittance• Absorbance• Transmittance• Thermal

transport:-

Conduction-

Radiation-

Convection

Material-, System- and Process Development

Customerneeds

Dept.:Surface and Chemical Engineering, Signature Analysis



Research for new Solutions:High temperature structure materials

high strength at high temperature low cost low weight

High Temperature shielding materials &High Temperature thermal control

low thermal conductancelow emittance

high thermal conductancehigh emittance

High temperature Coatings

oxidation resistant

chemical compatibility

diffusion barrier

high/low emittance

...........



Thermal material properties (Focus):

• thermal transport mechanisms, heat capacity

• thermo optical properties, spectral absorption, transmittance,

reflectance

• high temperature chemical properties oxidation resistance

chemical compatibility



Improved knowledge of material properties asa function of temperature needed:

Thermal transport mechanismsthermal conductance

Heat capacity

IR-optical properties (spectral emissivity,...

as a function of temperatureBecause Materials will be treated close to their limitations



High Temperature Functional Materials for

Thermal Isolation

low thermal conductanceradiation shielding

Cooling by radiationby mass transportby heat conduction

Oxidation resistance

structures with high mechanical strength



Measurement Techniques at CRC/LG:

• Spectral emissivity measurements using an FTIR

• Thermal conductance

• Heat capacity

• Thermo Graphimetrical Analysislight pipe

sample

inductor



Spectral Radiation of a Black Body at 800 °C up to 1550°C

radi

atio

n in

tens

ity

7800.0 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 370.00.00

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.36

cm-1

wave number

1550 °C

Spectral Radiation Measurements



7800.0 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 370.0

-0.003

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

0.60

0.637

cm-1

Egy

7800.0 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 370.0

-0.003

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

0.60

0.637

cm-1

Egy

Rad

iatio

n in

tens

ity

Normal spectral Intensity of PtIr30 at 800 °C up to 1500 °C, steps of 50 °Cwave number

1500 °C

Spectral Radiation Measurements



Normal Spectral Emissivity of PtIr30 at 900 °C up to 1450°C

1.28 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 15.000.0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100.0

wave length [µm]

Nor

mal

Spe

ctra

l Em

issi

vity

[%]

Calculations of the Spectral Emittance



Induction Heating

Pyrometer

PID-Temperature-adjust

PC

Stepper motorcontroller(OVIS)

Stub Tuner

micro wave-generator

AMRData-Logger

RS232/RS422

Detector

Detectors

Stepper MotorsTemp

A/DA/DA/DRS232

D/A

RS 232

ADAM

ACCUFIBER

Sampleroom

Pyrometer (Raytek od. Accufiber)

(Maurer)

Sensor

Control UnitInductionHeating andMicro waveGenerator

D/A

P818

12

3

4

6

7 8

9 1011

Inductor

Block / Functional Diagram of the Measurement System withInduction Heating (6kW) and Micro Wave Heating (2kW)

to FTIR

Measurement System



High Temperature Spectral Emissivity Measurements

Inductive andmicrowaveheating furnacewith FTIR-spectrum-analyser,range: 0,6-25 µm

Measurement System



TGA von MoSi2, Pt, Rh und PtRh30 up to 1600 °C in Standard-Atmosphere

Thermo Graphimetrical Analysis



pyrometer

data-logger

°K,mA,V,

IR-Camera3-5 M

video-/IR-Camera

VIS<1,0µm

Laptop

intra-/internet

serialinterfaces

frame-grabber

telemetrictransceiver

telemetrictransceiver

videotransceiver

videotransceiver

455MHz

2,4GHz

Thermal Management & ControlMoveable measurement System

intra-/Internet

LAN

othersensors



Thermal Management & ControlFlow and Temperature Measurements in Motor Compartments

Position of flow sensors and thermal sensors

0.00.1

0.2

1.7

6

Strömungsgeschwindigkeit unter wechselnden Einsatzbedingungen, 26.10.01, 7h55-10h27

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1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

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4,5

Uhrzeit

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öm

un

gsg

esc

hw

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dig

ke

it [

m/s

]

0 -

1 -

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4 -

1. Testfahrt 2. TestfahrtRast RastWerk WerkWerk



Bionic Solutions for Temperature Control

Swakobmund Beetle




0 ,67 0 ,8 1 ,0 1 ,2 1 ,4 1 ,6 1 ,8 2 ,0 2 ,2 2 ,4 2 ,6 2 ,8 3 ,0 3 ,2 3 ,4 3 ,70

0 ,8

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12,0

µm

%R

Vergleich der Reflexionsgrade von Lacken und des Swakopmund-K äfers

Laquer Coatings

Swakopmund Beetle

Normal Spectral Reflectivity of the Swakobmund Beetle versus Laquer Coatings




Spectral reflectanceMeasurement of theAbdomen




EDX of the Abdomen of the Swakopmund-Beetle



Expectations from Evitherm:

National Laboratories and research centres closer to industry

Validated improved measurement techniques

Validated Reference Materials needed

Catalogues with extended description of material properties

Discussion Forum

Online testing of materials, controlled bythe customer via Internet, assisted by the staff ?



Great Thanks to the Evitherm Committee and toDr. Joachim Fischer for the Invitationand to Dr.Neuer who gave me the start up support to work on this field of material sciences.

W. ZimmermannEADS, CRC/LG-DC81663 München/OttobrunnGermany

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