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2014
MEIOTIC SEGREGATION
Výukový materiál GE 02 - 48
Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková
Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
by the sexual reproduction there develop sexual cells = gametes
gametes are haploid a gamete contains only one set of
chromosomes meiotic segregation of father and mother
chromosomes is fully coincidental
MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES
monohybridism: Segregation of one
pair of chromosomes and one pair of alleles
the genotype is Aa by segregation two
types of gametes A and a can develop with the same probability
MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES
dihybridism: segregation of two pairs
of chromosomes with two pairs of alleles
the genotype is AaBb by segregation four
types of gametes AB, Ab, aB, ab can develop with the same probability
MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES
trihybridism:segregation of three pairs
of chromosomes with three pairs of alleles
the genotype is AaBbCcby segregation eight types
of gametes ABC, Abc, AbC, Abc, aBC, aBc, abC, abc can develop with the same probability
MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES
If the letter n means the number of chromosome pairs, then it stands good:
The number of the gametes types, which develop with the same probability by meiotic segregation, is 2n
MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES
by monohybridism it is 21 = 2 types of gametes
by dihybridism it is 22 = 4 types of gametes by trihybridism it is 23 = 8 types of gametes
MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES
In the human gametocyte of the 1st order there are 23 pairs of chromosomes
that means => by meiotic segregation there can develop theoretically 223 various gamete types
there are more than 8 millions of various chromosome configurations in the gametes
gametes also combine coincidentally by the semination
MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES
genes are located on chromosomes therefore the genes segregate in the same
way as chromosomes gametes gain various combinations of
genes gametes differ due to their genotype this phenomenon is called gamete fission gamete fission is the base of Mendel´s laws
MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES
DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES
DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES
DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES
CHALUPOVÁ-KARLOVSKÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie: středoškolská učebnice : evoluce, biologie buňky, genetika : s 558 řešenými testovými otázkami. 2., opr. vyd. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, 206 s. ISBN 978-80-7182-282-0
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