2016 FINAL Igitabu mfashanyigisho mu kuremesha amahoro mu … · 2016. 2. 23. · Mu gusobanura izi ngorane z’ugukoresha inguvu tubona mw’isi, umuhinga Johan Galtung yerekanye

IGITABU MFASHANYIGISHO MU

KUREMESHA AMAHORO MU BANA

IGITABU MFASHANYIGISHO MU KUREMESHA AMAHORO MU BANA

Iki gitabo catunganijwe na Charles Berahino, afatanije na Melody Musser

abisabwe n’urunani ruhurikiwemwo n’amashirahamwe:

ALARM Burundi, MIPAREC, THARS, World Vision International - Burundi

hamwe n’amashengero: Eglise Anglicane, Diocèse de Bujumbura, Eglise Evangélique des Amis du Burundi

Ku mfashanyo yatanzwe n’Ishirahamwe

Mennonite Central Committee (MCC)

Myandagaro 2014, Bujumbura-Burundi

Igitabu mfashanyigisho mu kuremesha amahoro mu bana !

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IBIRIMWO !

IGICE CA 1: INTANGAMARARA 4

IGICE CA 2: UGUTAHURA AMATATI 7

ICIGWA CA 1: AMATATI NI IKI 7 ICIGWA CA 2: UGUKORESHA INGUVU 9 ICIGWA CA 3: UBUBASHA BWUBAKA N’UBUBASHA BUSAMBURA 12 ICIGWA CA 4: UMUZINGI W’UGUKORESHA INGUVU 14 ICIGWA CA 5: UGUKUMIRA ABANDI 16 ICIGWA CA 6: UBUGIZI BWA NABI – UBURYO BW’UBUGIZI BWA NABI 18 ICIGWA CA 7: GUKUBITA – INGARUKA Z’UGUKUBITA 21 ICIGWA CA 8: GUKUBITA – KUGIRA ICO UKOZE NGO BIHAGARARE 23 ICIGWA CA 9: GUKORESHA ABANA 25 ICIGWA CA 10: UGUTAHURA UBUDASA HAMWE N’IVYO ABANTU BAHURIYEKO 26

IGICE CA 3: UGUTAHURA AMATATI AJANYE N’IGITSINA 27

ICIGWA CA 1: GUTANDUKANYA IGIHIMA C’IRONDOKA HAMWE N’IBIKORWA BIJANYE NA CO 27 ICIGWA CA 2: IGITSINA, UBUSHOBOZI N’UGUKUMIRANA 29 ICIGWA CA 3: IBIKORWA BIJANYE N’IGITSINA 33 ICIGWA CA 4: GUHINDURA IBIKORWA BIFATIYE KU NYIFATO ZIFATIYE KU GITSINA 35 ICIGWA CA 5: UBUGENZI 37 ICIGWA CA 6: UGUFATA KU NGUVU : IGIHIMBA CA MBERE 38 ICIGWA CA 7: UGUFATA KU NGUVU : IGIHIMBA CA KABIRI 41

IGICE CA 4: UGUTATURA AMATATI 43

ICIGWA CA 1: UBURYO UMUNTU YIFATA MW’ISHAVU 44 ICIGWA CA 2: UBURYO BWO GUSHIKIRIZA IVYIYUMVIRO – UGUTANGA INKURU 46 ICIGWA CA 3: UBURYO BWO GUSHIKIRIZA IVYIYUMVIRO – UKWUMVIRIZA NYAKWO 47 ICIGWA CA 4: UBURYO BWO GUSHIKIRIZA IVYIYUMVIRO – IMVUGO YA ‘JEWE’ 48 ICIGWA CA 5: GUTORA INYISHU 50 ICIGWA CA 6: GUKINGA AMATATI 52 ICIGWA CA 7: UBUTUNGANE BUSANASANA 54 ICIGWA CA 8: GUSHIKA KU CO WIPFUZA UDAKORESHEJE IGIKENYE 56!

IGICE CA 5: AGATEKA K’ABANA 59

ICIGWA CA 1: AGATEKA K’ABANA 59 ICIGWA CA 2: UBURENGANZIRA N’IVYO UMUNTU ATEGEREZWA GUKORA 62

IGICE CA 6: UBURONGOZI 63

IGICE CA 7: URUGENDO RUGAMIJE UKUNYWANA 66

ICIGWA CA 1: IKIBANO 66 ICIGWA CA 2: IMIGENDERANIRE/ UMUBANO MWIZA 68 ICIGWA CA 3: INTANGAMARARA KU GUHARIRA 71 ICIGWA CA 4: UGUHARIRA: INTAMBUKO YA 1 – KWEMERA UMUBABARO WAWE 73 ICIGWA CA 5: UGUHARIRA: INTAMBUKO YA 2 – UKWIHORA N’UGUHARIRA 75 ICIGWA CA 6: UGUHARIRA: INTAMBUKO YA 3 – KUBONA UBUNTU BURI MU WAGIZE 76


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ICIGWA CA 7: UKWIHANA/UKWIGAYA : IKINTU CA 1 78 ICIGWA CA 8: UKWIHANA/UKWIGAYA : IKINTU CA 2 80 ICIGWA CA 9: INZIRA Y’UKUNYWANA 82

IGICE CA 8: ISUZUMA RY’ICO IMIGWI Y’AMAHORO MU MASHURE YAMAZE 84

IBITABO VYAKORESHEJWE: 87

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Igice ca 1: Intangamarara “Iziza guhona zihera mu ruhongore”.

Kuva kera na rindi, Uburundi bwamyeho kandi abari babutuyemwo babubayemwo ari amoko n’imiryango itandukanye. Abahutu, abatwa, abatutsi n’abaganwa bamanye gutyo mu gihugu na bo barazwe na ba sekuruza wabo kandi n’abakoroni b’abadagi n’ababirigi babisanze uko, uretse ko bamwe muri abo bakoroni bagiye baravyogerako bavyishimikiza mu kuryanisha abarundi na cane cane muri ya ntwaro yabo yo kugabura abantu kugira ngo baronke uburyo babatwara babacinyiza. N’aho imbere y’ukwikukira ata kuryana kugaragara kwaboneka, ubusumbasumbane bwo bwariho mu kibano.

Kuva bwikukira mu 1962, Uburundi ntibwigeze bugira amahoro. Amatati, intambara zirimwo ubwicanyi vyamye vyica abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi kuva mu za 1965, 1969, 1972, 1988 hamwe no guhera 1993 akagwi k’abasoda kishe umukuru w’igihugu Melchior Ndadaye yari yitorewe n’abanyagihugu. Mu mwaka w’ibihumbi bibiri, ibiganiro bihuza Abarundi vyarabereye hariya Arusha mu gihugu ca Tanzaniya, bikaba vyahuza imigambwe yose abantu bihwereza hamwe ico izo ndyane zavuyeko bakaba bavuyeyo basinye amasezerano ya Arusha yahavuye aba urufatiro n’umugozi wo kwunga Abarundi bari baratatanye. Ivyo biganiro vyerekanye y’uko intambara yavuye ku karenganyo gafatiye mu mico n’imigenzo vy’igihugu, kakanaturuka kandi ku busumbanesumbane bugaragara mu buryo ikibano c’i Burundi cubatse.

Muti none ivyo vyose vyoba biva kuki? Abarundi barayamaze bati: ‘Ahari abantu hama urunturuntu’, baranongera bati:‘ntazibana zidakubitana amahembe’. Abarundi rero basa n’uko bemeje ko amatati ari ikintu gisanzwe mu buzima bwa misi yose, ni inyifato iri mu migenzo n’imico y’ikibano. Ukwitaho ukurondera ukubana neza biva kuri iki kintu ko tuzi ko abantu, muri kamere kabo, batabura ivyo bapfa. Ibi biragaragara, haba hano mu Burundi, haba no muri aka karere kose ka Afrika duherereyemwo, Afrika nzima ndetse n’ibindi bihande vyose vy’isi. Mu gusobanura izi ngorane z’ugukoresha inguvu tubona mw’isi, umuhinga Johan Galtung yerekanye ko usanga zifatiye ku nyubako z’ikibano n’imico vy’ibihugu. Mbega ko nko mu gihugu c’Uburundi tubona neza, dufatiye ku masezerano ya Arusha, ingene inyubako z’ikibano n’imico vyatumye haba izi ndyane zose zagiye zirahekura Uburundi, twohingura dute iyo nyubako kugira ngo dukinge tutaronerwa mu kandi kazoza?

Mbega urwaruka rw’ubu ari bwo Burundi bw’ejo tworutegura gute kugira ngo rukurane akarangamutima k’Umurundi w’ijunja n’ijambo azoshigikira inkingi ziseguye iki gihugu cacu c’Uburundi? Abarundi barayamaze bati: ‘Iziza guhona zihera mu ruhongore’, bongera ko bati: ‘Igiti kigororwa kikiri gito’. Iki gitabo mfashanyigisho kizofasha abana bato n’urwaruka kuronka inyigisho hamwe n’indero ndundi izotuma bahinduka mu buryo babaho, ivyo bikazotuma bahindura n’ikibano babayemwo kikaba ikibano kirimwo amahoro umuntu wese akeneye mu buzima bwiwe bwa misi yose.

Iki gitabu kirerekana ingene kuremesha amahoro mu bana vyigishwa kandi bigashirwa mu ngiro mu mashure, mu mashengero, mu mibano no mu yindi mice. Mu gufasha mw’ishirwa mu ngiro ry’ iyo migwi yo kuremesha amahoro mu bana, iki gitabu cisunga cane kwerekana uko bikorwa kandi kigategura abigisha mu kubaha ubushobozi mu gushinga imigwi yo kuremesha amahoro kugira ngo, bisunze uburyo budakoresha igikenye kandi bwubaka, bashobore guhangana n’ibibazo bifatiye ku matati aho baherereye.


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Mbega umugwi wiga ivy’amahoro ni iki? Umugwi wiga ivy’amahoro ni umugwi w’abana (abanyeshure, abana batari kw’ishure, abana bo mu mashengero…) bari kumwe n’ababafasha bakorera aho nyene bakaba bagize umugwi wo kuganira kuvy’amahoro no kudakoresha igikenye. Ni igikorwa kandi kigamije kwungura ubushobozi bw’abana kugira ngo habe ikibano gitekanye mu mashure, mu kibano hamwe n’ahandi aho ari ho hose. Mbega ni kubera iki hakenewe umugwi wiga kuvy’amahoro? Nk’abantu baremesha amahoro, twizera ko iterambere ry’isi yose na cane cane Uburundi rizova mu bene gihugu bo nyene na cane cane mu rwaruka aribwo Burundi bw’ejo. Ukwiga ni nkenegwa kugira ngo hategurwe. Inyigisho ni ikintu ca nkenerwa kugira ngo hategurwe urwaruka ruzokwubaka Uburundi burimwo amahoro, buteye imbere kandi bushobora kwitorera inyishu z’ibibazo bufise. Kugira ngo bashobore kwiga, abana barakeneye kuba mu kibano kitarimwo ugukoresha igikenye. Bakeneye kumenya agateka kabo hamwe n’ivyo bajejwe. Bakeneye kandi kumenya uburyo ama Leta, abavyeyi hamwe n’ikibano babakingira, hanyuma banamenye uburyo bikingira igikenye hamwe n’uguterwa. Muri iyi si yateye imbere, urwaruka rukoreshwa cane nk’ibikoresho mu gukoresha igikenye hamwe n’akarenganyo. Aha akarorero umuntu yotanga ni abasoda b’abana. Aha rero baca baba abagwa mu mporero y’ugukoresha igikenye hamwe n’akarenganyo ariko kandi bakaba n’ibikoresho. Kubw’ivyo rero, igikorwa c’imigwi yo kwiga ivy’amahoro ni ico gufasha abana kugira ngo bamenye ko bafise uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ingabirano zabo ngo bazane ihinduka ryiza. Nico gituma bikwiye y’uko abana berekwa akamaro k’inyigisho z’amahoro, ugutatura amatati hamwe no kudakoresha igikenye hakiri kare. Kubera ko igihe abana bakuriye mu kibano kirimwo igikenye bashobora gukurana ubwo bumuga bigatuma badaterera neza kugira ngo ikibano cabo kibeho neza, kandi tukaba tuzi ko indero ifise uruhara ntangere mu buzima bw’umuntu, akaryo ko kwiga ibijanye n’amahoro gategerezwa guhabwa umwana. Imigwi yo kwiga ivy’amahoro itanga akanya ku bana kugira ngo bige kandi baronke ubuhinga, bahanahane ivyiyumviro, bigire ku bandi kandi banashire mu ngiro inyigisho z’ivy’amahoro mu buzima bwabo bwa misi yose. Ukugene ibikorwa vy’umugwi wo kwiga ivy’amahoro bishigwa mu ngiro Ukugene bigenda:

1. Kugira icigwa kugira ngo umuntu atore ingorane iri mu kibano hamwe n’ivya nkenerwa mu kwunguraubumenyi bw’abazofasha abana

2. Kumenya ibibanza bazokoreramwo (amashure, amshengero, ikibano) 3. Gutunganya amanama yo kumenyesha umugambi ukayagirira abaserukira ivyo bibanza. 4. Ufatanije n’abaserukira ivyo bibanza, mutorere hamwe abazofasha abana 5. Gutora abagize umugwi muri ivyo bibanza 6. Kwigisha amakomite y’iyo migwi muri ivyo bibanza 7. Kugira urutonde rw’ibikorwa


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Inama y’abanyamugwi: Mu gihe amanama akoranye, abanyamugwi bigishwa n’abatowe gufasha abana. Ayo manama ashobora kumara isaha. Ayo manama ntiyorenza isaha imwe n’igice kuko abana boca baruha. Kugira amanama maremare bishobora gutuma abana bataba bagikurikirana neza. Ariko kandi no kugira utunama tugufi tugufi bituma hataboneka umwanya ukwiye ngo abana bahanahane ivyiyumviro kandi ngo banaheze ibikorwa bitegekanijwe. Abantu rero boraba umwanya ukwiriye bivanye n’aho bari, igikuru ni uko abana botahura ikiganiro kandi bakanamenya uburyo bokoresha ivyo bacungukiyemwo mu buzima bwabo. Abanyamugwi bokoresha ivyo bigiye mu mugwi mu buryo butatu :

• Bosanganira n’abandi batari mu mugwi ivyo bize • Bosangira ivyo bize n’abavyeyi babo hamwe n’abandi bagenzi bo mu kibano • Ubwa nyuma, boshira mu ngiro ivyo bize mu buzima bwabo bwa misi yose

Uko inama iyo ari yo yose iheze, abana bogira icegeranyo. Muri ico cegeranyo, bokwerekana igitigiri c’abagenzi babo bo kw’ishure canke bo mu kibano baganiririye. Bonashiramwo kandi ico abavyeyi babo babivuzeko hamwe n’inkuru zivuga uburyo babishize mu ngiro. Ivyo vyegeranyo bobiha umuremeshakiyago ari we abafasha. Ivyo vyegeranyo vyoshigwa hamwe mu gatabo bikazoshikirizwa umugwi ntunganyabikorwa inyuuma y’amezi atatu. Ivyigwa vyavuye muri iyo migwi birakenerwa cane kuko vyerekana ico iyo migwi yamaze kandi ikanafasha mw’itunganywa ry’ico gikorwa. Indinganizo y’imigwi yo kwiga ivy’amahoro. Intumbero y’imigwi yo kwiga ivy’amahoro si ugusaba abana gufata ku mutwe ubuhinga butandukanye bwo gutatura amatati. Ariko iyo migwi ifise intumbero yo gufasha abana kubona no gutahura uburyo buryo bwo kwiyumvira ibijanye n’amahoro, amatati, igikenye hamwe ni kubafasha kuduza ubumenyi bubafasha gukinga amatati mu mashure yabo, imiryango, ikibano hamwe no kumenye ingene bayatorera umuti bitarinze guca mu migere. Abana bategerezwa kwiga ukwiyumvira mu buryo bushakashaka kugira ngo bashobore guhangana n’ibihe ivyo ari vyo vyose vyobashikira n’aho vyoba bigoye. Mu yandi majambo, bakeneye kwiga uburyo bokomeza amahoro bakanahingura amatati kugira ngo bazoshobore kuza baratorera inyishu amatati n’ibindi bibazo bazoza barahura na vyo mu buzima bwabo. Ingendo y’amanama y’imigwi yo kwiga ivy’amahoro iratandukanye n’ingendo y’icigwa mw’ishure. Umugwi wo kwiga ivy’amahoro ukoresha ikiganiro. Iyo ngendo iha ijambo bose kandi uwo ari we wese arakora. Ituma haba guhanahana ijambo hagati y’abana n’ababafasha. Mugabo rero, uwo muremeshakiyago, uwo mufasha atumbereza ikiganiro, akagerageza kuraba ko abana bagira icigwa bakuye mu kiganiro ico ari co cose. Muri iyo ngendo, ikoreshwa ry’uturorero tumenyerewe mu gusobanura ivyigwa irakenewe cane.


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Igice ca 2: Ugutahura amatati “Ntazibana zidakubitana amahembe”.

Icigwa ca 1: Amatati ni iki?

Intumbero:

Abanyeshure barasobanura ico ari co amatati hamwe n’ico ari co gutatura amatati, batahure itandukaniro riri hagati y’amatati no gukoresha igikenye bateko babone ivyiza biva mu matati.

Ibikoresho: Ikibaho hamwe n’ingwa

Intangamarara y’umwigisha : Abantu benshi ntibatahura amatati ico ari co. Biyumvira ko ari co kimwe n’ingimba canke ugukoresha igikenye/inguvu bagaca babona ko amatati ari ikintu kibi. Ariko rero amatati si co kimwe n’ugukoresha inguvu kandi si n’ikintu kibi igihe tugerageje kuyatorera umuti tudakoresheje inguvu kandi mu buryo bwubaka. Iki ni co ciyumviro nyamukuru kiri inyuma y’ivyo guhingura amatati, udakoresheje inguvu, urashobora guhingura amatati agahinduka amahoro. Muri iki cigwa, ni ivy’ingiragakamaro kwigisha abanyeshure y’uko amatati ari ikintu gisanzwe mu buzima bwa misi yose. Amatati ariho mu kibano kubera ko abantu batandukanye bakaba banafise ukubona hamwe no gutahura ibintu bibakikije mu buryo butandukanaye. Abantu bavukira mu mico itandukanye, mu miryango itandukanye, mu bihugu bitandukanye, amadini atandukanye, ivyo ni vyo bituma babona isi n’ibiyirimwo mu buryo butandukanye. Amatati ahaba igihe rero ubwo butandukane abantu batabubonye nk’ubutunzi bafise. Imigwi y’amahoro ntiriho kugira ngo irangize amatati, ariko ihari kugira ngo ifashe abanyeshure kuronka ubuhinga bwo gutatura no guhingura amatati. Iriho kandi kugira ngo ifashe abanyeshure kwiyumvira ku matati ari mu buzima bwabo bwa misi yose, bikabafasha no gutora hamwe no gushakashaka inyishu nziza bidaciye mu gukoresha igikenye. Intangamarara y’icigwa : Umwigisha arabaza ati: ‘Hoba hari ico wigeze kudahurizako na mugenzawe?’ Umwigisha ahe akanya abana babiri canke batatu bishure, barangije avuge ati: Ivyo ni ibintu bisanzwe mu buzima bwa misi yose, mugabo umuntu akwiye kubona ko amatati atama ari mabi imisi yose. Umwimenyerezo wo gutangura: “Igihe woba ufise amafaranga amajana atanu”

1. Gabura ishure mu migwi y’abantu 4 gushika kuri 6 2. Baza abanyeshure mu mugwi uwo ari wo wose ico bokora bafise amafaranga amajana atanu. 3. Ca uganira n’ishure ryose ico bamwe bamwe muri iyo migwi bavuze ko bokora.

Ikiganiro umwigisha yogiriranira n’ishure ryose Mbega mwiyumvise gute muri iki gikorwa? Mwoba mwari mufise ibindi vyiyumviro ku kugene ayo mafaranga yokoreshwa? Mbega vyari kuba vyoroshe iyo ayo mafaranga amajana atanu agurwamwo ibintu vyinshi?


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Insiguro: Umwigisha yandike ijambo amatati ku kibaho hanyuma ace asaba abanyeshure gutanga ivyiyumviro bagira igihe bumvise iri jambo ‘amatati’. Abanyeshure batange amajambo yose biyumvira kandi umuremeshakiyago agende arayandika ku kibaho atayanse, hanyuma rero barangije nawe ace agira indunduro yayo hace havamwo iyi nsobanuro y’amatati ati: Amatati avugwa igihe abantu babiri canke barenga badashobora guhuriza ku kintu. Ayandi majambo dushobora gukoresha mu kuvuga amatati ni uguharira, ivyiyumviro bitandukanye, ukutumvikana, ingorane. Amatati ashobora kuba mato canke manini, ashobora kubamwo abantu babiri gusa, imigwi y’abantu canke igihugu cose. Amatati ni inyifato isanzwe yo mu buzima bwa misi yose kubera ko abantu batandukanye, bafise ivyizerwa bitandukanye, ivyiyumviro bitandukanye, inyifato zitandukanye hamwe n’ivyo bakeneye bitandukanye. Ni ibisanzwe rero ko abantu badahuriza ku bintu. Umwigisha abaze ati: Mbega mu matati hoba harimwo iciza? Abanyeshure nka batatu canke bane botanga ivyiyumviro vyabo hanyuma umuremeshakiyago avuge ati: Kugiriranira amatati n’abandi bantu ni ibintu bidahimbaye, ariko kandi amatati ntitwoyafata nk’ikintu kibi. Arashobora gushikana ku kintu ciza igihe abantu bayatoreye inyishu mu mahoro. Reka tugerageze kwihweza ibintu vyiza vyoba biri mu matati: Arashobora kudufasha mu kwiyumvira tukagira ivyiyumviro bishasha. Birashobora guhindura ibihimba vyo muri twebwe bitari vyiza Amatati aratuma n’abandi bakura kandi bagahinduka Amatati aradufasha kumenya uburyo dukorana n’abandi Rimwe rimwe amatati aratwegeranya n’uwo tuba twayagiriraniye igihe tuyarangije neza. Amatati arahagarika igikenye Amatati arashobora kuvamwo amahoro. Abantu benshi biyumvira kandi ko amatati yoba ari igihushane c’amahoro ariko n’ibi na vyo si vyo. Amahoro asobanura imigenderanire myiza umuntu afitaniye n’abandi, ubutungane, ugutekanirwa. Amahoro ahaba igihe ata gikenye gikoreshwa mu buryo bwose. Igihe tudakoresha igikenye mu gutatura amatati dufitaniye n’abandi, tuba turiko turahingura ayo matati mu mahoro. Ibi ni vyo vyitwa guhingura amatati. Ibi rero bishobora gutwara umwanya muremure. Guhingura amatati ni urugendo rwo kwubaka imigenderanire, urugendo rwo guhingura imigenderanire irimwo amatati. Amajambo yo guheraheza Ni ivy’ingirakamaro gutahura amatati kandi ukanamenya ko hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo uyatorere umuti. Amatati ashobora kuvamwo ivyiza igihe abantu bayifashemwo neza. Arashobora kutwigisha ibintu bishasha ku bandi bantu. Amatati arashobora kuvamwo ibibi igihe abari muri yo batavyifashemwo neza ngo bayatorere umuti mu buryo bwubaka, arashobora gushika ku gukoresha igikenye.


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Icigwa ca 2: Ugukoresha inguvu

Intumbero:

Abigishwa bazokwiga insobanuro y’ugukoresha inguvu kandi ko bifise uburyo bwinshi.

Ibikoresho: Ikibaho, ingwa, urupapuro n’amakaramu

Intangamarara : Gukoresha inguvu ni iki? Igihe abantu bibajije ku gukoresha inguvu, mu bisanzwe biyumvira ko bisobanurwa kubabaza umubiri w’umuntu gusa. Biyumvira ku kwica, intambara, canke ikindi gikorewe umubiri mu buryo buboneka kandi gisambura. Kubera ukwo gutahura, abantu ntibabona ugukoresha inguvu kuri hirya no hino yabo. Ariko, dutegerezwa kubona ko gukoresha inguvu atari ikintu kibaye kure yacu. Gukoresha inguvu bifata amashusho menshi kandi gushobora kuba mu mashure yacu, mu ngo zacu no mu kibano cacu. Kwanka kwemera canke kwumviriza abandi, guhimiriza ku nguvu abandi gukora ivyo badashaka gukora, gukumira abandi gukorana natwe no mu kiganiro, gukwiragiza ibihuha bivuga abandi n’ukwipfuriza uwundi umubabaro ni uburyo bw’ugukoresha inguvu. Naho ivyo bikorwa vy’ugukoresha inguvu bishobora kuboneka ko ari bito cane kandi bidahambaye tubigereranije n’intambara, bitubuza kubana mu mahoro kandi bitera haba umubabaro kuri twebwe n’abandi. Nk’abagize umurwi w’amahoro, ni nkenerwa ko dusubira gusuzuma ugutahura ugukoresha inguvu kwacu kugira dushobore kudomako urutoke aho hose hari ugukoresha inguvu n’ugukorera hamwe ngo tuguhagarike. Mu gihimba ca nyuma duheruka kwiga, twize ivyerekeye amatati n’ingene twoyatorera inyishu tudakoresheje inguvu. Amatati si mabi igihe cose, ni ayasanzwe mu buzima bwacu. Twarize ivyerekeye n’amahoro, kandi twarize ko amahoro atari igihe ata matati ahari, ni imigenderanire myiza irimwo ubuzima mu bantu, ubutungane, umutekano. Igihe dukoresheje ubumenyi bwacu bujanye n’ugutorera inyishu amatati udakoresheje inguvu mu gishingo c’ugukoresha inguvu, tuba turiko turahindura amatati yacu mu mahoro. Ibi vyitwa guhingura amatati, kandi ivyo bishobora kudusaba ibikorwa vyinshi, umwanya n’ukurema ubuhinga. Muri iki gihimba, tuja kwiga cane cane ibijanye n’ugukoresha inguvu n’ububasha, kandi tuzoganira inzira z’ugutorera umuti ikoreshwa ry’inguvu riri kw’ishure ryacu, mu ngo zacu no mu kibano cacu. Igikorwa : “Gukoresha inguvu ni iki?” (Amategeko ku mwigisha: Abanyeshure barangije gucapa mukigumize mu mutwe kuko bazogikoresha mu cigwa kiri imbere). 1. Ha umwigishwa wese urupapuro n’amakaramu asangira n’abandi. 2. Saba umwigishwa wese acape canke avuge inkuru yerekeye gukoresha inguvu 3. Ivyo bibwire abandi muri kumwe mw’ishure Insobanuro n’ukuyaga: Rimwe na rimwe turitiranya amatati n’ugukoresha inguvu. Mbega itandukaniro hagati y’amatati n’ugukoresha inguvu ni irihe? Gukoresha inguvu ukwo ari kwo kwose kurimwo amatati kanaka, ariko amatati yose si ugukoresha inguvu. Nk’uko twavyize, mu gihimba duherukirako, amatati ni igihe cose hariho kutumvikana ku kintu kanaka canke impari ziri hagati y’abantu. Bashobora kutumvikana ku kugene bokora ikintu kanaka canke ico bagomba. Amatati arasanzwe mu buzima kandi ashika k’uwo ari we wese. Ariko, uburyo umuntu ahitamwo canke umugwi uhitamwo kuyatatura nivyo bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza canke mbi. Gukoresha inguvu, ku rundi ruhande, ni ikintu kibi igihe cose. Gukoresha inguvu ni igihe, ubigomba, ubabaje uwundi muntu, wewe nyene, canke umugwi w’abantu. Uburorero bumwe bumwe bushobora kuba nk’ugusunika canke gukubita umugenzi wawe, canke kugirira nabi uwundi biciye mu kunywa ibiyayuramutwe canke ibiboreza.


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Gukoresha inguvu bitera canke bishobora gutera: • Gukomereka canke urupfu • Umubabaro w’imbere mu muntu (kwo mu bishobisho)– umubabaro wo mu vyiyumviro canke

wo m’ukwo umuntu yiyumva • Akarorero: kubabaza uwundi mu bishobisho mu kumwita amazina mabi, mu kumukubita canke

kumutuka • Kubuza umuntu gutera imbere – kubuza umuntu gutera imbere neza canke mu buryo bwuzuye

nk’umuntu, mu yandi majambo, ni kubuza umwana gukura ngo abe umuntu akuze ashobora kwitwararika abandi. Akarorero: umwigisha atera ubwoba umunyeshure mu buryo uwo agira ubwoba bw’ukuza kw’ishure. Bitera ahagarika kwiga.

• Kwima (kubuza kuronka)– kubuza umuntu kuronka ikintu akeneye, nk’ukwitwararikwa n’abavyeyi, imfungurwa. Akarorero: igihe cose hageze gufungura, ugategekako impfumvyi irya ubwa nyuma y’abandi, kugira ntiyigere ironka ibiyihaza.

Ugukoresha inguvu bishobora kuba mu buryo bwinshi, harimwo: • Gukoresha inguvu ku mubiri • Gukoresha inguvu mu vy’ubutunzi • Gukoresha inguvu mu bishobisho

Kenshi na kenshi bigirirwa umuntu, uwubimugiriye amurusha inkomezi (uwubikoze) • Harimwo gukoresha inguvu bijanye n’uguhuza ibitsina • Harimwo kutitaho umuntu • Gukoresha inguvu ku matongo • Iterabwoba • Kubuza umuntu kuronka ivya nkenrwa bakeneye mu butunzi canke ku mubiri • Gukoresha inguvu ku bantu bituma ukumererwa neza kwabo kumera nabi • Harimwo imvugo mbi, kutabitaho, kubatera ubwoba • Umuvyeyi akubita umwana wiwe • Umwigisha akubitisha inkoni umunyeshure • Uwafashwe ku nguvu • Igihano co ku mubiri • Kwima umuntu ibifungurwa • Kwiba amafaranga y’umuntu • Kwonona ikinga ry’umuntu ibigirankana • Kwiba n’ukwonona ibintu kw’ishure • Kwama ubwira abana ko ataco bamaze • Gutuka umuntu • Kwirengagiza umuntu (kutamwitaho) • Gutera ubwoba umuntu ko uzomubabaza

Ivyo bica bigira ingaruka zikurikira:

• Inguma canke urupfu • Gutakaza ukwizigira, ukwiyemera • Ubwoba n’uruhagarara • Gutakaza ubwenge • Kwiyahura • Kugirirwa nabi ku mubiri • Gutegerezwa gukoresha ivyo ufise kugira usubize mu buryo ivyononekaye • Kwicira urubanza • Kwumva ataco umaze • Uruhagarara rukomeye rwo mu mutima • Kunywa ibiboreza n’ibiyayuramutwe • Kwiyahura


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Igikorwa :

1. Gabura ikibaho mwo gatatu, hamwe hose wandikemwo umubiri, ubutunzi n’ibishobisho 2. Bafatiye ku gikorwa baherutse gukora, saba umwigishwa wese ashire igicapu ciwe aho abona

coja muri iyo migwi itatu. Kuganira:

• Mbega vyakugoye guhitamwo aho igicapu cawe canke inkuru yawe ku bijanye n’ugukoresha inguvu, ija ku kigura?

• Mbega uburorero bumwe bumwe bwisanga mu buryo bwinshi bw’ugukoresha inguvu? Ubuhe? • Mu kibano cawe, umaze kubona ugukoresha inguvu bwoko ki? Kw’ishure? Muhira? • Mbega ukwo gukoresha inguvu kugutera wumva umerewe gute? • Mbega haraho ugukoresha inguvu biba vyiza?

Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Igihe bakoresheje inguvu kuri twebwe twumva twanesheje nawe uwo yanesheje. Nta na rimwe gukoresha inguvu bitorera umuti ikintu ahubwo abarimwo bose baratsindwa. Ni nkenerwa kumenya ico ari co gukoresha inguvu n’amatati ico ari co. Uko ni ko dushobora kurondera inzira z’uguhagarika gukoresha inguvu.

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Icigwa ca 3: Ububasha bwubaka n’ububasha busambura

Intumbero:

Abigishwa bazotahura ico ari co ububasha, ubutungane n’akarenganyo. Bazokwiga uburyo ububasha bushobora gukoreshwa nabi, bigatuma haba akarenganyo. Bazokwiga ingene ububasha bushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwubaka bigatera haba ubutungane n’ugutera imbere.

Ibikoresho: Ubuhimba buto buto bw’impapuro mu buryo batwambara ku gikonjo n’amakaramu.

Intangamarara ku bigisha: Kenshi na kenshi twibaza ko ububasha ari ubushobozi bw’ukuganza abandi canke kubategeka dukoresheje inguvu. Akarorero, twemerako igihugu gikomeye igihe gifise igisirikare kinini kandi batsinda intambara nyinshi. Ariko hariho uburyo bwinshi bw’ugutahura ububasha. Ububasha bushobora kuba kugira amagara meza, inkomezi, mu gutegeka, ubumenyi. Ici cigwa kizofasha abigishwa gutahura ugukoresha nabi ububasha ko bishobora kuzana akarenganyo n’ugukoresha inguvu. Ingene ububasha bukoreshwa nabi n’abavyeyi, abigisha, abatware, ab’urunganwe. Iki cigwa kizobafasha kubona ko bafise ububasha bw’ugukoresha ububasha mu buryo bahindura ibintu neza. Nk’abagize umugwi w’amahoro, ni nkenerwa ko abigishwa babona ko bashobora guhindura ibintu mu kibano cabo biciye mu bumenyi bariko bariga. Bashobora n’ugutera intege abandi ngo bakoreshe ububasha bwabo mu buryo bwiza. Nk’abigisha mufise ububasha bw’uguhindura ibintu kw’ishure ryanyu no mu kibano canyu. Intumbero y’iki cigwa ni ukudata amakosa ku bandi mu bijanye n’ugukoresha nabi ububasha ariko ni uko abigishwa bagira ubushobozi bw’ukugenzura uburyo bakoresha ububasha bwabo nk’abagize umurwi w’amahoro. Intangamarara: Mu cigwa duheruka, twaganiriye kw’itandukaniro riri hagati y’ugukoresha inguvu n’amatati, n’ubwoko butandukanye bw’ugukoresha inguvu. Mbega muribuka iryo tandukaniro iryo ariryo n’ubwo bwoko butandukanye bw’ugukoresha inguvu ubwaribwo? (Amatati arasanzwe kandi ashobora kuba meza. Aterwa n’ugutandukana canke mu mbono zitandukanye z’ibintu hagati y’abantu canke imigwi y’abantu. Ariko ugukoresha inguvu si ibisanzwe, kandi si vyiza kandi bibabaza umuntu). Muri iki cigwa, tuzokwiga ivyerekeye ububasha. Twumvise iryo jambo, duca twiyumvira ku babaye rurangiranwa canke ababaye babi. Ariko uwo ariwe wese afise ububasha, mbere na wewe urabufise. Tuzokwiga ko hariho uburyo bwiza na bubi bw’ugukoresha ububasha bwawe. Kuganira :

• Ububasha ni iki? • Ni nde afise ububasha mw’ishure wigamwo? Kw’ishure ryawe? • I muhira? • Mu kibano cawe? Mu gihugu cawe?

Ububasha: Ni ubushobozi, ubumenyi bw’ugukora ikintu. Kugenzura n’ugutegeka abantu ivyo bakora.Ububasha si bubi kandi si bwiza. Bushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwubaka canke busambura.Igihe abantu babukoresha mu gufasha abandi n’ukubateza imbere, baba babukoresha mu kuzana ubutungane kandi baba bariko barubaka.


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Guteza imbere: Duteza imbere abandi igihe dukoresha ububasha bwacu mu kubafasha kubona ko nabo nyene bafise ububasha. Ubutungane ni igihe ububasha n’ubutunzi, nk’imfungurwa, amazi, uburaro n’umwidegemvyobihawe uwo ariwe wese. Igihe abantu bakoresheje ububasha bwabo mu kubabaza abandi, bica vyitwa ugukoresha inguvu n’akarenganyo. Akarenganyo: ni ukwankira abantu canke umugwi kanaka gusangira n’abandi ububasha n’ubutunzi. Ubu ni uburyo bw’ugukoresha inguvu.

• Ni ubuhe buryo ububasha bushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo busambura canke bw’ugukoresha inguvu?

Kuganira

• Ni bande mwumvise bafise ububasha kuruta abandi canke mwamenye? Kuri umwe wese, sobanura isoko y’ubwo bubasha bwiwe.

• Murizera ko uwo ari we wese afise ububasha? Kuki? Mbega bose barabona ububasha bafise? Kuki?

• Kw’ishure ryanyu, muramaze kubona ikoreshwa ribi ry’ububasha? Muhira? Mu kibano? • Muramaze kubona umuntu akoresha ububasha bwiwe mu buryo bwiza kw’ishure” Muhira? Mu

kibano? Nk’abagize umurwi w’amahoro, muriko mwiga ubumenyi budasanzwe. Muriko mwiga ingene mwokoresha ububasha bwanyu, ku giti canyu canke nk’umurwi, mu guhindura amatati muyakuramwo amahoro.

• Ufise ububasha ki? • Mu mugwi w’amahoro, mbega muribazako ivyo muri ko muriga bizobatera mugira ububasha?

Gute? • Ubumenyi mwize ni ubuhe? • Mbega mwokoresha ububasha n’ubumenyi mwize mu Murwi w’Amahoro wanyu gute, ku neza

y’ishure ryanyu, muhira no mu kibano canyu? Igikorwa:“Igikomo c’ububasha”

1. Fata uduce tw’impapuro mudusige amarangi, muheze mutwambike abigishwa ku kuboko; bimere nk’igikomo.

2. Ha buri mwigishwa agace kamwe aheze acapureko canke yandike ko ububasha bwiza bafise n’ingene bobukoresha mu gufasha abandi. (Aho bikenewe, bafashe)

3. Fata kole uyishire kuri ako gace hanyuma ukambike umwana ku kuboko. Ambara igikomo c’ububasha kugira umwana wese agume yibuka ububasha afise.

Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Muri iki cigwa, twize ivyerekeye ububasha. Bushobora gukoreshwa mu gufasha abandi canke mu kubababaza. Amwe mu majambo twize ni ubutungane canke gufata abantu ku rugero rumwe. Irindi ni akarenganyo canke ubusumbane hagati y’abantu. Twarize ko buri muntu wese afise ububasha kandi ko ari nkenerwa ko dukoresha ubumenyi bwacu ngo dufashe habeho ubutungane ah’uko habaho akarenganyo.


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Icigwa ca 4: Umuzingi w’ugukoresha inguvu

Intumbero:

Abigishwa bazokwiga ivyerekeye umuzingi w’ugukoresha inguvu. Bazokwiga ingene gukoresha inguvu bitangura nk’akabuto gato kagakura mu muzingi w’ugukorehsa inguvu munini urimwo kwihorahorana.

Ibikoresho:

Urupapuro

Intangamarara: Gukoresha inguvu birababaza umuntu mu buryo butandukanye. Igihe bibaye turashavura, turababara, mbere turashobora n’ugushika ku rwanko kuri uwo yabitugiriye. Dushobora kwipfuza kumubabaza nawe birushirije. Ivyo vyitwa kwihora. Igihe twihoye, tuba turiko turashiraho umuzingi w’ugukoresha inguvu. Muri iki cigwa tuzokwiga igituma ukwihora n’umuzingi w’ugukoresha inguvu bikora ibibi vyinshi kuruta ivyiza. Umuzingi w’ugukoresha inguvu ukura gutya: 1. ‘Ndababaye mu bishobisho vyanje’ 2. ‘Sinshobora kwigarura ku nzigo niyumvamwo’ 3. ‘Ndanse uwo muntu yangiriye ivyo’ 4. ‘Uwo muntu ni mubi’ 5. ‘Nta kibi nakoze’ Ishavu rya Bukuru ‘Ndababaye mu bishobisho vyanje’ Bukuru ni umuhungu w’imyaka 12. Bukuru na Butoyi ni abagenzi. Umunsi umwe bariko baragendana, Butoyi abwira ikintu kibi Bukuru, nawe aba akomeretse mu mutima. Butoyi ntiyabivuze abigomba, ariko Bukuru arashavura mu buryo batangura gutata cane. ‘Sinshobora kwigarura kw’ishavu ryanje’ Umunsi ukurikira, Butoyi na Bukuru bahurira kw’ishure ariko basa ni uko atawabonye uwundi. Bukuru ntiyigeze yibagira ivyo Butoyi yamubwiye wa munsi. Agashavu karaduga muri Bukuru, aca yibwira ati: “Butoyi yashitse aho avuga birya gute??” Bukuru arashavura cane mu buryo yakubise ku meza yicaye imbere, atera amabuye imbwa, akankamira abo mu muryango wiwe kandi yirengagiza bagenzi biwe igihe bamusavye ngo bakine. ‘Ndamwanse’. Bukuru ntashobora guhagarika kwanka Butoyi. Yiyumvirako akwiye kumubabaza nk’uko yabimugiriye. Bukuru ashishikara kwiyumvira ingene yobabaza Butoyi. “Butoyi ni mubi” Haciye iminsi mike, mushiki wa Bukuru abaza Bukuru ati: “Bukuru, vyose ni vyiza?” Bukuru aca abwira mushikiwe ivyo Butoyi yamukoreye kandi ingene Butoyi ari umuntu mubi. Avuga ko abantu benshi bamaze kubabazwa na Butoyi kandi ko akwiye guhanura Butoyi. ‘Nta kibi nakoze’ Haciye iminsi mike, Bukuru arababara cane igihe cose yiyumvire kuri Butoyi. Bukuru yiyumvirako ata kibi yakoreye Butoyi kandi ko yagiriwe nabi. Bukuru abwira abandi bose ko Butoyi ari umuntu mubi kandi ko amwirengagiza igihe cose amuramukije. Bukuru ntiyahagarika kwanka Butoyi kandi ntiyamuharira.


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Impera n’imperuka, Bukuru ashavurira cane Butoyi mu buryo yamukubise ingumu mu maso kandi aramutuka. Bukuru atahura neza ko Butoyi ivyo arivyo akwiriye.

• Muri iyi nkuru ninde yagiriwe nabi? Harimwo abarenga umwe? • Kw’ishavu ryiwe, Bukuru yavyifashemwo gute? • Ni kuki amatati yahavuye akaba ugukoresha inguvu? • Mbega uramaze kwihora nk’uko Bukuru yabikoze? Mu kwihora mwumvise biheze? Igihe

wihora wumvise gute? Igikorwa: “Agapapuro k’ukwihora”

1. Umuntu umwe abe uwashavuye cane, yifuza kwihora. 2. Uwo muntu agendagende hirya no hino ku bandi abashirako ako gapapuro. Uwo ashizeko ako

gapapuro wese akaba amuhenuriyeko ishavu ryiwe. 3. Umwigishwa wese ahawe ako gapapuro agaca nawe yihora ku wundi. 4. Shishikara gushika bose bahawe

Kuganira:

1. Kugira bose baronke agapapuro vyatwaye umwanya ungana gute?(Binyaruke. Ni uko hwihora kumeze.)

2. Bose bagiye muri uwo mukino, mwibaza ko hoca haba iki? 3. Mbega ukwihora kuzana ubutungane? 4. Mu vyo umaze kubona canke gushikirwa navyo, tanga akarorero k’umuzingi w’ugukoresha

inguvu haba i muhira, kw’ishure canke mu kibano? Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Igihe hari umuntu atugiriye nabi, dushobora kugeragezwa ngo tumwihore. Mu gukoresha inguvu dushobora kwumva ko dutunganirijwe mu kwibwira ko nawe akwiye kugirirwa nabi. Dushobora kwumva ko tuguwe neza kuko twihoye, mu mwanya muto, ariko mu mwanya muremure tukaba twinjiye mu muzingi w’ugukoresha inguvu. Kutihora bisaba kwigarura kwinshi. Ni co gituma ari nkenerwa ko duhitamwo kutazigera twihora kandi dukwiye kwiga ubuhinga bw’uguhagarika ishavu muri twebwe kugira ntiridutere kwihora. Igihe hari uwutubabaje, ntitwihora vyonyene ariko kandi dushobora gukoresha ubwo bubasha bwacu mu gukoresha inguvu ku bandi canke ku kindi kintu. Muri ubu buryo ukwihora kuba gutewe nk’imbuto ikurira mu yindi mibano yacu n’imbere muri twebwe. Umuzingi w’ugukoresha inguvu ukarushiriza gukura, ukarushiriza kwinjizamwo abantu n’ibintu mu gukoresha inguvu.


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Icigwa ca 5: Ugukumira abandi

Intumbero:

Abigishwa bazokwiga kubona neza ugukumira n’ingene bokurwanya

Ibikoresho:

Umwe wese yiyite izina yaba ari “mwana, mukobwa, muhungu, mukene, mutunzi, mpfuvyi, mpumyi, musilamu canke mukristo”

Intangamarara: Raba hirya no hino mw’ishure hanyuma mubone ubudasa mu bigishwa. Bamwe bashobora kuba bakuze kuruta abandi. Bava mu moko atandukanye. Canke bamwe bashokoje canke bambaye uburyo budasa n’ubw’abandi. Kuba abantu batandukanye bishobora kuba vyiza ariko abantu bamwe babikoresha nk’ibituma bababaza abandi. Ibi vyitwa ugukumira, kandi ni uburyo bw’ugukoresha inguvu. Igikorwa:

1. Mw’ishure, umwe wese agire izina; nk’ukwitwa “mwana, mukobwa, muhungu, mukene, mutunzi, mpfuvyi, mpumyi, musilamu canke mukristo’. Niyo hoba abahurije kw’izina, bigumize uko.

2. Umwe wese ashira izina ryiwe ku gikiriza ciwe kugira abari mw’ishure bose baribone. 3. Toramwo babiri canke batatu. Abo bemererwe kwicara ku ntebe. Abandi bose bicare hasi.

Mbega murazi ico arico gukumira? Ugukumira ni igihe ufashe umuntu mu buryo bubi bitumwe ni uko atameze nka wewe. Ugukumira ni uburyo bumwe mu gukoresha inguvu kandi bubabaza umuntu ku mubiri n’ibishobisho. Ni kubi kandi ni ukurenganya

• Mbega mwokwiyumvira ku gutandukana hagati y’abantu kwotuma habaho ugukumira? Ugukumira gushobora gushimikira kuri ubu budasa:

• igitsina • imyaka y’amavuka • uko abantu babayeho (bafise amafaranga, akazi, amashure, ubuzima, …) • irangi ry’urukoba • ivyizerwa n’ivyiyumviro vya politike • uko umeze (impunzi, uwurezwe, umuryango ufise umuvyeyi umwe gusa, …) • kuba wibungenze • ubumuga • ururimi • ubwoko canke ubwenegihugu • idini

Igikorwa: “Ugukumira bifatiye ku bwoko”

1. Baza abigishwa kumanika ukuboko asangwa bava mu bwoko bw’abahutu, abatutsi, abatwa (toramwo ubwoko bumwe). Basabe kuja imbere.

2. Shemagiza abo bigishwa kandi usabe abandi kubakomera amashi. 3. Baza abo bigishwa ibibazo bikurikira:

*Mwebwe mwakomewe amashi, mwumva gute? Kuki? * Abatakomewe amashi, mwumva gute? Kuki? *Mwumva nk’uko hoba habaye akarenganyo mw’ishure ryanyu? Kuki?


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*Mwumva nk’uko habaye ugukumira mw’ishure ryanyu? Kuki?

1. Ubu hayagiza abo bandi bigishwa. Umwe wese akomere amashi uwundi. 2. Ubu mwumva gute? 3. Mwumva hariho ubutungane mw’ishure? Kuki? 4. Icotuma haba ubutungane muri ibi ni igiki?

*Ni nde yari afise ububasha muri iki gikino? *Ubwa mbere, ubwo bubasha bwakoreshejwe gute? *Mbega mwokwiyumvira ku bantu bakumirwa kenshi na kenshi mu kuronka uburenganzira busa, bakumirwa no mu butunzi? Muganire Ubu turabe ku buryo bw’ugukumira: 1) Ugukumira ibimuga Abantu bamwe barakumirwa kuko bafise ubumuga, ku mubiri canke mu mutwe. Uburyo ivyigwa bitangwa mu mashure canke inyubako zimeze bituma ibimuga vyumva bikumiriwe.Nk’abarwaye mu mutwe, bashobora gukumirwa n’abo badatahura ubwo bumuga. Ntibafashwa uko babigomba ahubwo bashobora kuba ibiraro vy’abandi canke kugirirwa nabi n’abandi.

• Mbega wokwiyumva gute iyo uba udatambuka? Utumva? Utabona? Utavuga? • Ni kuki abantu bakwiye gukuraho ugukumira haba ku mubiri canke mu mutwe? • Ni ibihe bintu twokora kugira abafise ubumuga bashobore gufatwa neza? Nk’abagize umurwi

w’amahoro dufise igikorwa ki n’ububasha ki kugira ivyo bikorwe ? 2) Ugukumira gufatiye ku bwoko, ku bwenegihugu 3) Ugukumira bifatiye ku gitsina Muganire:

• Mwoba mumaze gukumira abandi kuko mutandukanye? • Muramaze gukumirwa canke kubona ugukumira kw’ishure, i muhira, mu kibano? Wakoze iki

igihe wabibona? • Nk’abagize umurwi w’amahoro, ni uburyo buhe mwokora kugira habeho kudakumirana mu

buzima bwacu? Ngo ugukumira guhagarare kandi dufashe abantu kugira inguvu igihe bahuye n’ugukumirwa?

Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Muri iki cigwa, twize ibijanye n’ugukumira. Ugukumira gushobora kubaho kuri buri muntu kuko hariho itandukaniro hagati y’abantu. Ivyo bitewe n’ubudasa bufatiye ku gitsina, ku myaka, ubwoko, idini, imico n’ibindi. Ugukumira kurababaza haba ku mubiri canke mu bishobisho. Ni ubundi buryo bw’ugukoresha inguvu. Ni nkenerwa gutahura igituma ugukumira kubabaza kandi ko dukwiye kuguhagarika igihe cose tukubonye haba i muhira, kw’ishure canke mu kibano.


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Icigwa ca 6: Ubugizi bwa nabi – Uburyo bw’ubugizi bwa nabi

Intumbero:

Abanyeshure bazosobanura gukubita abandi ico ari co n’igituma biba.

Ibikoresho:

Ikibanza c’ukwirukangamwo.

Intangamarara: Gukubita abandi ni ikibazo mu mashure. Mw’ishure, hafi umunyeshure umwe kuri batanu arakubitwa. Gukubita biza mu buryo bwinshi. Iki kiganiro cabaye mu murwi w’amahoro cerekeye ubugizi bwa nabi (abagize nabi) sico gukoresha kugira hadomweko urutoke uwuriko agirira nabi abandi kugira dushobore kumuhana. Ariko, iki gihimba c’icigwa kizodufasha, nk’abigisha, gutahura ko igihe ubugizi bwa nabi butanguye kandi n’ingaruka bushobora kugira ku bigishwa kugira dushobore kurondera imizi yakwo n’ingene twotorera inyishu ingaruka zakwo. Akarorero, igihe tubonye umwigishwa akubiswe n’abandi, hakama hakoreshejwe inguvu kuri uwo mwigishwa, nawe agaca akoresha inguvu kugirira nabi abandi nk’uburyo bw’ukwikiza ishavu n’umubabaro vyamuteye. Abo bigishwa bagize umuzingi w’inguvu, bishoboka ko bawutawemwo n’abavyeyi babo canke abakuze. Nk’abarongoye umurwi w’amahoro, dukwiye gufata iyambere mu kurondera n’ugutora ibituma bibatera gukubita abandi banyeshure n’ukubafasha goterera inyishu ico kibazo, hako tugumiza amaso kuri ukwo gukubitana. Ni nkenerwa ko dutahura ingaruka nini ukwo gukubitana kugira ku babifisemwo uruhara bose. Nk’abarongoye umurwi w’amahoro, dutegerezwa gufasha abigishwa ngo batorere umuti umubabaro uterwa n’ugukubitana kugira ntibagume babitwara nk’umuzigo muri kazoza kabo kandi ntibagirire nabi abandi barusha inguvu. Mu cigwa c’uno munsi, turiga ingene abantu bamwe bamwe bakoresha ubushobozi bwabo nabi, mu kugirira nabi abandi mu kubakubita.

• Asangwa umaze gukubitwa kw’ishure womanika ukuboko kwawe? Insobanuro:

• Mbega gukubitwa bisobanura iki?

Gukubitwa: Ni igihe umuntu akubiswe akongera agakubitwa n’uwundi canke n’umugwi w’abantu, bakoresheje inkomezi z’umubiri canke ukumenyekana. Bigushira hasi, birasuzuguza, canke birababaza uwabigiriwe. Gukubita ni inyifato mbi ituma uwakubiswe yumva ubwoba, atamerewe neza kandi yumva ko ari goyigoyi (umunyantegenke). Muhanahane ijambo: Uburyo bw’ugukubitwa 1. Baza abigishwa bakubwire uburorero bw’ugukubitwa. 2. Akarorero kose ukandike ku kigura.


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Hariho uburyo bwinshi bw’ugukubitwa, ariko kenshi na kenshi bupoperanirijwe muri iyi migwi ine: Ku mubiri: gukoresha inguvu kuri bo mu buryo badashaka canke batamenyereye. Aho harimwo kubakubita, kubasunika canke ubundi buryo bwose bw’inguvu. Hariho kumwambura utwiwe ku nguvu canke kumwiba. Imigenderanire: gutangura ibihuha ku muntu (insaku) canke kwanka ko mujana canke kwanka ko baba abagenzi bawe, canke kugobera umuntu gukora ibintu adashaka biciye mu gakuku k’urunganwe. Mu majambo:gukoresha amajambo atari meza, ibitwenza binegura, gutwenga umuntu, kumukekeza canke kumwita amazina mabi. Inkuru: Dwarudo, Misheli, Ana, na Kapitolina Harabaye abigishwa bane. Dwarudo, Misheli, Ana na Kapitolina. Dwarudo yakunda guteka i muhira kandi igihe cose yama atekera kw’ishure ibisuguti biryoshe cane. Ariko, umunsi umwe, uwundi mwigishwa, Berenari asanga Dwarudo afise ibisuguti biryoshe cane aca aravyipfuza arabimusaba. Berenari yigira ingigo y’ukwegera Dwarudo mu karuhuko ngo amusabe ibisuguti. Dwarudo ntiyashimye kumuha ibisuguti, ivyo bica bitera Berenari atangura kumukubita ingumu n’ukumusunika gushika aho Dwarudo amuha ibisuguti. Berenari yari biguvu, ingwanyi. Dwarudo yagiriwe nabi mu gukubwitwa ku mubiri. Haciye igihe, uwundi mwigishwa, Misheli, yariko yimenyereza ibiharuro. Misheli yari umunyeshure ameze neza cane kandi yama aronka amanota aruta ay’abandi mu biharuro. Berenari ntiyumva ibiharuro kandi yaronka amanota ya nyuma. Berenari yarashavuzwa n’ukubona Misheli abarusha amanota, bica bimutera atangura kubwira abandi banyeshure ko Misheli ategura imbago (atirisha) mu kibazo. Abo bandi banyeshure batangura kuvuga nabi Misheli ko ategura imbago, naho ivyo vyari ibinyoma. Berenari yari biguvu, ingwanyi. Misheli aba uwugiriwe nabi mu migendaranire/mu mibano. Bavuye kw’ishure, batashe, Ana yariko yereka abagenzi biwe telephone ngendanwa yiwe nshasha aherutse kuronka. Yarayinezerewe cane kandi yaha nomero yiwe abagenzi biwe n’abo mu muryango wiwe gusa. Ariko, uwo munsi, Berenari ashobora kuronka nomero ya Ana. Yibazako vyoba ibitwenza igihe yomurungikira ubutumwa bw’ukumutuka, amubwirako ari ikijuju.Ana ntiyamenye uwamurungikiye ubwo butumwa kandi arababara cane. Berenari yari biguvu, ingwanyi. Ana yabaye uwagiriwe nabi biciye mu guhanahana amakuru. Kapitolina yumva Berenari akwiza ibinyoma kuri Dwarudo. Arashavura mu buryo yahisemwo kubibwira Berenari, amusaba kubihagarika. Agitangura kubibwira Berenari, uwo aca amubwirako amwanse cane rwose. Aca abwira abandi banyeshure inkuru mbi itwenza kuri Kapitolina kandi amwita amazina mabi, aramukekeza bifatiye ku bwoko akomokamwo. Kapitolina ataha arira. Berenari yari biguvu, ingwanyi. Kapitolina yagiriwe nabi mu buryo bw’amajambo.

• Ni kuki abanyeshure bakubitana? (ishari, ngo bababone, nabo bagiriwe nabi canke barakubiswe iwabo, baronke amafaranga/imfungurwa …).

• Aba banyeshure bo muri iyi nkuru biyumvise gute? • Baribakwiye gukora iki ngo bahagarike uku gukubita abandi? • Naho gukubita ari bibi kandi ari ugokoresha inguvu mu buryo uba ukoresheje nabi ubushobozi

bwawe, vyoba vyiza dutahuye igituma abantu bamwe bakubita abandi.


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Igikorwa: “Kurengana umurongo w’ugukubita abandi” Iki gikorwa kizodufasha gutahura insobanuro y’uguteterezwa/gusuzugurwa, gukumirwa n’ugukwegerwamwo biba igihe habaye gukubita. Kizodufasha kudomako urutoke ibintu dushobora gukora ngo dufashe abandi kwumva baguwe neza.

1. Abanyeshure batonde ku murongo ku ruhande rumwe rw’ikibuga c’ugukiniramwo. 2. Tora umwe mu banyeshure, akine “uwukubita abandi”, aheze ahagarare imbere y’abo bandi,

abaraba, nko ku metero nkeyi imbere y’uwo murongo. 3. Abanyeshure babaze uwo akubitana bati: “Mbega nobaca hagati?” 4. Uwo akubitana yishura atanga ico abasaba, ati: “Birashoboka igihe conyene mwoba mwambaye

isandale,” canke “igihe conyene mwoba mwambaye amarori” canke “igihe conyene mwoba muvuga igifaransa.”

5. Abanyeshure bakwije ivyo uwo akubitana asaba barashobora, mu bwitonzi, kurengana mu kibuga atakibateye ubwoba, uwo akubitana atabirutseko.

6. Abo banyeshure bakwije ibisabwa bamaze gushika ku rundi ruhande rw’ico kibuga, abasigaye bagerageze kwirukanga ngo bashike ku rundi ruhande baciye mu kibuga uwo akubitana atabakozeko.

7. Umwana akozweko n’uwo akubitana, atarashika ku rundi ruhande aca aja mu kibanza c’uwo akubitana; atawufashwe/uwukozweko, uwo akubitana aguma muri ico kibanza.

Muhanahane ijambo:

• Wiyumvisemwo gute igihe bitari bikworoheye kujabuka ku rundi ruhande mu mw’idegemvyo? • Wiyumvisemwo gute igihe wafatwa/wakorwako na mukubitanyi? • Abakubitanyi, mwiyumvisemwo gute igihe mwabwira abandi ivyo gukora? • Mwiyumvira iki gitera bamwe baba bakutanyi mw’ishure ryanyu canke mu kibano canyu? • Hari aho woba umaze gukinishwa canke kugirirwa nabi n’abandi bana mu kibuga c’ishure

canke ku mbuga yo muhira? • Hari aho woba umaze gukinisha, kugirira nabi canke gutwenga abandi bana (waba ubishaka

canke utabishaka)? Kuki? Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Muri iki cigwa, twize ko gukubita ari bumwe mu buryo bw’ugukoresha inguvu. Birashobora gutuma umwana agira ubwoba bw’ukuja kw’ishure canke gukina n’abagenzi biwe muhira. Bishobora kuba mu buryo bw’umubiri, mu mibano, siberi (guhanahana amakuru mu buhinga bwa none) canke mu mvugo. Gukubita bishobora kuva ku bituma vyinshi bitandukanye, ariko igituma ico ari co cose, ni bibi. Mu cigwa gikurikira, tuzokwiga ivyo abantu bakora igihe bakubiswe.


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Icigwa ca 7: Gukubita – Ingaruka z’ugukubita

Intumbero:

Abigishwa bazokwiga ingaruka z’ugukubita.

Ibikoresho:

Nta na kimwe.

Intangamarara: Mu cigwa cacu giheruka, twavuze ku buryo butandukanye bw’ugukubita.

• Mbega muribuka uburyo bune bukuru bukuru bw’ugukubita ubwo ari bwo? (ku mubiri, mu mvugo, mu mibano hamwe n’uguhanahana amakuru mu buhinga bwanone)

Igihe twiyumviriye ku wubabazwa n’ugukubitwa, kenshi na kenshi twibazako uwugira ingaruka ari uwagiriwe nabi wenyene. Ariko, nk’uko tuvyiga uno munsi, abarorererzi b’ugukubita n’uwo akubita nabo nyene birabakorako mu buryo butandukanye. Igikorwa:“Gukingira Umuzingi”

1. Saba abigishwa guhagarara ku muzingi bafatanye amaboko kandi baraba mu muzingi. Saba abigishwa babiri bahagarare hanze y’uwo muzingi.

2. Umwe mu bigishwa bari hanze y’umuzingi agerageze kwinjira indani mu muzingi, aho abo bandi bari ku muzingi bagerageza kumubuza kwinjira.

3. Uwo wundi mwigishwa ari hanze agume aho araba ibiriko biraba ariko ataco akora ngo afashe uwo mugenzi we.

4. Muhindure ibibanza kugire abandi bigishwa bashobora gukina ibitandukanye. Muhanahane ijambo:

• Mbega wiyumva gute igihe uri hanze y’umuzingi? • Mbega wiyumva gute igihe uri ku muzingi? • Mbega wiyumva gute igihe uriko uraraba ibiriko biraba ariko ntihagire ico ukora kugira ufashe?

Muri iki gikorwa twakoze, harimwo ibikorwa bitatu bitandukanye canke imigwi itatu y’abantu. Harimwo abagiriwe nabi, abarorerezi n’abagizi ba nabi. Wokwiyumvira igihe ari we wakubita uwundi? Uwakubiswe? Umurorerezi? Ibi vyitwa umuzingi w’ugukubita. Muhanahane ijambo: Reka twihweze ingene abantu bose bari mu gukubita bakorwako: A) Abanyeshure bakubiswe: Abanyeshure bakwiye kwumva umutekano kw’ishure, ariko rimwe na rimwe barakubitwa n’abandi. Uko gukubitwa gushobora kugira ingaruka zigumaho igihe kirekire muri kazoza kabo. Abanyeshure bakubiswe bashobora:

• Gutabaza ubwenge • Kwumva ko ataco bamaze • Uruhagara rwo mu mutima • Ishavu, umubabaro, ubwoba • Kwigunga, kuba nyamwigendako • Kugira isoni, gutinya • Kurwara, kugira ingorane mu kurya • Ingorane mu mibano


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• Inyifato zirimwo akaga mu bijanye n’uguhuza ibitsinabuzima • Kwigirira nabi, ivyiyumviro vy’ukwiyahura

B) Abanyeshure barorerezi b’ugukubita: Abanyeshure bariko bararorera ugukubita nabo nyene barakorwako mu buryo bubi kubw’uko gukubita. Bashobora kwiyumvamwo:

• Ubwoba, • Uruhagarara • Ishavu • Ata nkomezi canke ata gifasha • Kwicira urubanza rw’uko ataco bakoze • Kugeragezwa gukubita abandi nabo kubw’uruhari • Kwumvako atamutekano

C) Abanyeshure bakubita abandi: Abanyeshure bakubita abandi nabo nyene barababara nk’ingaruka z’ivyo bakoze. Akarorero barashobora kubonwa nabi n’abigisha n’abandi banyeshure mu buryo bibagora n’igihe bahagaritse gukubita abandi. Bashobora kwiyumvamwo:

• Kwigunga, kuba nyamwigendako • Gutakaza ubwenge • Kunanirwa n’ukwigenzura • Gusatira abandi – kugirira nabi abandi • Abagenzi bake • Ukurwirirana kw’ubugizi bwa nabi muri kazoza • Ingorane kw’ishure n’aho bakorera • Ubuzima buke mu bishobisho • Kwiyahura

Kuganira (guhanahana ijambo): *Rimwe na rimwe tubwirwa ko gukubita ari vyiza kuko muri kazoza, bitera dukomera kandi turushiriza kugira ubushobozi bw’uguheza ibibazo. Turavye ingene gukubita bibabaza mu buryo bwinshi, mbega gukubita ni vyiza? Kuki ari vyiza canke atari vyiza? *Uramaze gukubitwa? Vyaguteye wiyumva gute? *Uramaze kurorera uwundi ariko arakubitwa? Wiyumvise umerewe gute? *Uramaze gukubita uwundi? Wiyumvise umerewe gute? Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Nk’uko twamaze kubiganirako muri iki cigwa, gukubita ni ikibazo gikomeye cane. Kigira ingaruka ku bantu Atari mu gihe kigufi gusa, ariko no mu myaka iri imbere. Ntibigira ingaruka ku bakubiswe gusa, ariko no ku babiraba kandi no ku babikoze. Mu cigwa cacu gikurikira, tuzoraba cane cane igikorwa c’abarorerezi b’ugukubitwa. Nk’abagize umurwi w’amahoro n’abarongozi, tuzovuga ku buryo twokorera hamwe ngo duhagarike ukwo gukubita.


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Icigwa ca 8: Gukubita – Kugira ico ukoze ngo bihagarare

Intumbero:

Abanyeshure bazokwiga ivyerekeye umuzingi w’ugukubita n’ico bokora igihe babonye ivyo biriko biraba kw’ishure.

Ibikoresho:

Impapuro (nini bashobora gucapa ko) kuri buri mugwi w’abanyeshure 4-6 n’amakaramu y’ukwandikisha. Umunyeshure umwe wese aronke urupapuro n’ikaramu, yandike icivugo

Intangamarara y’abigisha: Ibindi vy’ukumenya vyerekeye umuzingi w’ugukubita, ng’iyi insobanuro y’ido n’ido ku muzingi w’ugukubita. Umwanya ubonetse, vuga ku bikorwa bitandukanye. Abanyeshure bakubita abandi: aba banyeshure bagomba gukubita abandi, tangura gukubita n’ugukina ivy’umurongozi. Ku bijanye n’ugukubita abandi, abanyeshure bashobora kuba abakurikira, abashigikira canke abareka abakubisi bagakubita, abacereza bashigikiye bashobora kuba abakubisi nabo nyene, ababirabisha ijisho, abashobora kurwanira abakubitwa, abarwanira abakubitwa. Igikorwa:

1. Shira abigishwa mu mirwi ya 4-6. 2. Ni uhe buri mugwi igipapuro kinini n’amakaramu y’irangi. 3. Buri murwi wiyumvire ku gihe umuntu yakubitwa. Abigishwa babicapure n’abantu bose bari

bahari igihe ivyo vyaba. Tera intege abigishwa biyumvire igihe vyabayeko, aho vyabereye, ni bande bari bahari n’ivyabaye. Bishire muri ico gicapu.

4. Bwira abandi bigishwa ivyo mwacapuye n’inkuru y’ivyabaye. Muganire (Muhanahane ijambo):

1. Ni bande barimwo? Ni nde yakubita, uwakubiswe n’umurorerezi? 2. Mbega uwakubiswe yari afise ububasha ubuhe? Bari gushobora gukora iki? 3. Mbega umurorerezi yari afise ububasha ubuhe? Yari gushobora gukora iki ngo ibintu

bihinduke? 4. Mbega uwakubise uwo wundi yari afise ububasha ubuhe? Yari gushobora gukora iki ngo ibintu

bihinduke? 5. Kw’ishure, muri uwo muzingi w’ugukubita, wakoze iki? 6. Uramaze kuraba aho umuntu ariko arakubita uwundi? Wakoze iki?

Muganire (Muhanahane ijambo): Abantu bose bari mu muzingi w’ugukubita bari mu murwi umwe muri ya migwi itatu: Uwakubiswe, uwakubise n’umurorerezi. Abantu bari muri iyi migwi bafise ububasha ku vyo bakora. Turabe ingene twokoresha ububasha bwacu mu kibanza kimwe kimwe. 1. Uwakubiswe: Ni nkenerwa kwibuka ko igihe ukubiswe, si uko uba ukwiye kubigirirwa. Ni nkenerwa kwibuka ko ari uwagukubise afise ingorane, si wewe. Ni ivy’ukuri ko wumva ubwoba n’ishavu igihe ukubiswe. Mwibuke ko igihe cose mufise ububasha ku vyo mwokora ku giti canyu.

• Ni ibihe mwoshobora gukora igihe mukubiswe?


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2. Umurorerezi: Igihe ubonye uwukubitwa, ukwiye igihe cose kubihagarika.

• Ni ibihe wokora igihe ubonye umuntu akubitwa? 3. Uwukubita: Rimwe na rimwe twisanga dukubita abandi, bitewe n’uko hari ugukoresha inguvu i wacu canke tudashobora kuganza ishavu ryacu.

• Ni ibihe twokora igihe yoba ari wewe nyene ukubita abandi? Muganire:

• Igihe dukubiswe twokora iki? • Ni uburyo ubuhe wofasha uwuriko arakubitwa? • Kw’ishure, ni ibihe twokora kugira ugukubita ntikuzongere kuba? • Nk’abagize umurwi w’amahoro, ni kuki ari nkenerwa ko duhagarika gukubita?

Igikorwa: “Ndasezeranye…”

1. Saba umwe wese mu bigishwa, gutora iryungane sezerano mu kurangiza rino ryungane 2. Sinzokubita abandi kuko............................... 3. canke………………………………………. 4. Igihe mbonye uwuriko arakubitwa nzo.................................;;

Umwigisha ategerezwa kugendagenda mw’ishure yandikire iryungane umwigishwa wese. Emerera abanyeshure gukoresha amarangi ku rupapuro, umwigisha yarangije kubafasha kwandika iryungane sezerano. Manika ku ruhome rw’ishure ayo mungane sezerano kugiri umwe wese ashobore kuyabona bitere intege abandi kandi bibibutse ivyo basezeranye. Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Nk’abagize umurwi w’amahoro, ni nkenerwa ko tubona ko dufise ububasha ku vyo dukora, n’aho twoba dufise uruhara urwo arirwo rwose mu muzingi w’ugukoresha inguvu, kandi dushobora kuzikoresha mu kuzana ingaruka nziza z’amahoro n’ubutungane. Dutegerezwa n’ugushoboza abandi gukora nk’uko nyene.


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Icigwa ca 9: Gukoresha abana

Intumbero:

Kwiga ivyerekeye ikoreshwa ry’abana n’igituma ari ubundi buryo bw’ugukoresha inguvu.

Ibikoresho:

Urupapuro n’amakaramu.

Intangamarara: Mbega muramaze kubona umwana agurisha imboga, imbombo, ibinyobwa, canke ibindi ku mabarabara? Atwaye ku mutwe indobo y’amazi iremereye cane, amenagura amabuye y’ukwubaka amabarabara? Birababaje, abana hirya no hino kw’isi, no ng’aha mu Burundi, bategekwa gukora mu gishingo c’ukuja kw’ishure. Muri iki cigwa, tuzokwiga ko gukoresha abana ari ubundi buryo bw’ugukoresha inguvu kandi bibabaza abana, bikababuza kwiga n’ugukura neza. Igikorwa:

1. Shira abigishwa mu migwi itanu. 2. Ha buri mugwi urupapuro n’amakaramu. 3. Umugwi wose wuhe igikorwa c’ugucapa, gishimikiye ku bwoko bw’igikorwa gikoreshwa

abana: kuvoma, kugurisha imbombo, kwoza amasahani, kumesura, kwicira ibiti, kudandaza kw’ibarabara (ivyema, amagi …)

4. Bacape baheze basigurire abandi ubwoko bw’ugoresha abana bahisemwo. 5. Manika ivyo bicapu mw’ishure kandi mwemerere abigishwa kubiraba.

Muganire:

1. Mbega muramaze kubona abana bakora ivyo mwacapuye bimanitse mw’ishure? Ibikorwa cane ni ibihe? Bukebuke ni ibihe?

2. Mubonye ivyo bicapu mwumva gute ku bijanye n’ugukoreshwa kw’abana? 3. Abana bari muri ivyo bikorwa bumva gute? 4. Mbega abo bana bazokura gute?

Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Uno munsi, turiga ingene abana bakwegerwa mu bikorwa bibagirira nabi. Ibi vyitwa ikoreshwa ry’abana. Ibi biciye kubiri n’amategeko kandi bica kubiri n’amategeko yerekeye uburenganzira bw’abana ari mu civugo c’Uburenganzira bw’Abana. Mu cigwa cacu duheruka, twaganiriye ku ngorane abana bahura nazo mu miryango mishasha, cane cane imfuvyi.

• Mbega muribuka bimwe muri ivyo ivyo arivyo? Impfuvyi zishobora kugirirwa nabi cane cane biciye mu gukoreshwa nk’abana.


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Icigwa ca 10: Ugutahura ubudasa hamwe n’ivyo abantu bahuriyeko

Intumbero:

Kwerekana ivyo abantu bahuriyeko hamwe n’ubudasa mu bantu n’ibintu.

Ibikoresho:

Urupapuro n’amakaramu

Intangamarara:

Mw’ijambo ry’Imana, turasoma igitabo c’Itanguriro 1: 27 (Amamuko 1:27), umwigisha ace abaza abanyeshure ati: ‘Mbega habaye iki? Imana yakoze iki? Umwigisha ace yongera avuge ati: Amatati ni ikintu gisanzwe, twebwe ubwacu turatandukanye kandi imico yacu, ivyo twipfuza n’uburyo tubayeho biratandukanye.

Igikorwa:

Abanyeshure bicaye, Umwigisha ni avuge ibintu bitandukanye hanyuma abanyeshure baza gusanga ivyo bintu bibaraba bace bahaguruka, abandi na bo babakomere amashi. Umwigisha akwiye kuraba neza kugira ngo avuge ibintu biri muri iryo shure.

Ak: Abanyeshure bose bambaye ibirato

Abanyeshure bose b’abakobwa Abanyeshure bose b’abahungu Abafise amenyo Abanyeshure bakunda inyama Abanyeshure bakunda igitoke Abanyeshure bakunda kuja mu misa

Ikiganiro: Mbega wiyumvise gute uriko urakina aka gakino? Hoba hari ikintu gishasha wasanze kuri bagenzi bawe? « Umuntu wese arafise uturanga tumutandukanya n’abandi. Umwe wese muri mwebwe ntafise uwo bogereranywa. Birakenewe kwihanganira ubudasa bwacu no kwibuka na ntaryo kwubaha umuntu atandukanye na we.» Igikorwa: Saba abanyeshure bacape inkikuro y’ikiganza cabo. Bose barangije, basabe bihweze ivyo biganza vyabo, barabe n’uburyo bitandukanye. Basabe bahumirize kumara akanya, hanyuma nawe uce uhinduranya za mpapuro zicafye ko ibiganza vyabo. Basabe bugurure amaso, uce usaba uwo ari we wese atore ca kiganza ciwe.

Umwigisha ace abaza aka kabazo: Mbega uyu mwimenyerezo utwigishije iki?

Mu kurangiza, umwigisha yegeranye ivyiyumviro vy’abanyeshure kuri ico kibazo, ace yongera ko ati: abantu barafise ibintu bitari bike bibatandukanya mu buryo baremwe, mu vyo bakunda mu buzima bwabo bwa misi yose ariko rero ni muri ubwo budasa bahamagarwa kubana bashemagizanya kuko umwe wese afise ako kantu kiwe Imana yamuhaye.


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Igice ca 3: Ugutahura amatati ajanye n’igitsina “Inkokokazi ntibika isake ihari”.

Icigwa ca 1: Gutandukanya igihimba c’irondokahamwe n’ibikorwa bijanye na co

Intumbero : Gutahura itandukaniro riri hagati y’igihimba c’irondoka hamwe

n’ibikorwa bijanye na co

Ibikoresho : Nta na kimwe

Intangamarara : Mu bihimba bibiri vyerekeye umugwi w’amahoro duherutse kurangiza, twize ibijanye n’amatati n’ugukoresha inguvu, kandi twarize ivyerekeye amatati, ubutungane, ubushobozi n’ugukoresha inguvu. Muri iki gihimba, tuzokwiga ukugene ibijanye n’ibitsina bifatanye n’ivyo twamaze kuvuga, kandi tuzokwiga, nk’abagize imirwi y’amahoro, ingene twosasagaza ubutungane n’amahoro, ku bijanye n’ibitsina, amatati n’ugukoresha inguvu. Insobanuro n’uguhanahana ijambo : Uno munsi, turiga amajambo mashasha abiri: igitsina hamwe n’inyifatoifatiye ku bitsina. Igitsina: Ni ijambo risanzwe rifatiye ku mero y’umuntu. Tuvuka turi umuhungu canke umukobwa, kandi ivyo ntivyigera bihinduka ibihe vyose vy’ukubaho kwacu. Igitsina kirasa, ni kimwe, mw’isi yose kandi mu bihe vyose. Inyifato ifatiye ku bitsina: ibi bikomoka ku mico yacu n’abo turi kumwe mu kibano. Abo nibo bubaka iyo nyifato, kandi, uko dukuriramwo, twigishwa ko hariho ibikorwa n’ivyo twiteze ku bakobwa/abagore mu buryo bw’umwihariko no ku bahungu/abagabo mu buryo bw’umwihariko. Akarorero, abagabo bigishwa kutarira, kuko kurira ni ikimenyetso c’integenke; ariko ko ataco ko abagore barira kuko babonwa/bafatwa nk’ab’imitima yoroshe.

• Izo nyifato zihinduka uko ikibanza gihindutse. Akarorero, mu Burundi, kurima ni igikorwa kibonwa nk’uko ari ic’abagabo n’abagore, ariko mu bazungu, ni igikorwa kibonwa ko ari ic’abagabo gusa.

• Izo nyifato zihinduka uko ibihe bihindutse. Akarorero, imbere ya 1970, benshi mu Burundi bibaza ko abakobwa badakwiye kuja kw’ishure. Ariko uno munsi uravye hirya no hino mu mashure, ubona ko hari mwo abakobwa benshi. Ivyo vyabaye kubera ivyiyumviro vy’abo mu kibano cacu ku bijanye n’izo nyifato vyahindutse.

Ibikorwa: Ibikorwa n’igitsina Iki gikorwa kiradufasha gutahura itandukaniro riri hagati y’igikorwa c’igitsina n’igikorwa c’igihimba c’irondoka. Nk’uko twamaze kuvyiga, kwitwa igitsina gabo canke gore ni uko twavutse ariko inyifato zifatiye ku bitsina zashizweho n’imico n’abo turi kumwe mu kibano. Ivyiyumviro bikurikira vyashizweho n’ibitsina canke n’izo nyifato zifatiye ku bitsina. Ndangije gusoma iryungane mw’ijwi ryumvikana, tuvuge ko ari inyifato ijanye n’igitsina (icashizweho n’umuco wacu) canke igitsina (cashizweho bifatiye uko twavutse, mu buryo bw’umubiri.

1. Rimwe ku rindi, soma aya mungane mw’ijwi ryumvikana.


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2. Urangije buri ryungane, abigishwa bavuge ko ari igikorwa gifatiye ku gitsina canke ku nyifato bijanye n’igitsina. Asangwa ari igikorwa gifatiye ku gitsina, abigishwa bahaguruke. Asangwa ari igikorwa gifatiye ku nyifato bijanye n’igitsina, abigishwa bagume bicaye.

Habaye kutumvikana, bace babiganirako bahanahana ijambo. a. Abagore baribaruka nayo abagabo ntibibaruka abana. b. Abagabo bose ntibihangana. c. Abagabo nibo bonyene barondera amafaranga y’umuryango. d. Abagore bavutse ari abo mu gikoni (arabo guteka), biraborohera. e. Inkumi ziritonda kandi ntizishwangamutse, abahungu ni abanyenkomezi kandi barondera

bishasha/ntibatinya. f. Abagore baronsa ariko abagabo bakoresha bibero mu guha amata abana. g. Abahungu bagura ijwi mu busore abakobwa ntavyo bashoboye. h. Abagabo bagira ubwanwa. i. Abagore bagira imishatsi miremire kuruta abagabo. j. Abagabo barakara. k. Abagore bitaho abantu. l. Abagore ntibagira ubushobozi bw’ugufata ingingo. m. Abagore nibo bitaho kurera abana. n. Abagabo nibo bafata ingingo. o. Abagore baja mu kwezi ku kwezi ku kwezi. p. Abagore ntibavamwo abanyapolitike beza. q. Abana b’abakobwa ni isoko y’amafaranga kuruta abahungu. r. Abagabo ntibaba abaforoma. s. Abahungu bazi ibiharuro n’ubuhinga kurusha abakobwa.

Muhanahane ijambo:

• Ni kuki bikenewe kumenya itandukaniro riri hagati y’igihimba c’irondoka n’inyifato zifayite ku gitsina?

• Nk’abaize imirwi y’amahoro ni ibihe bintu twokora kugira twigishe abandi ibikorwa bifatiye kuri iryo tandukaniro.

• Muri iyi ndwi ni iki wokora ngo wigishe bagenzi bawe n’umuryango ibijanye n’iryo tandukaniro?

Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Muri iki cigwa twize itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibikorwa bishimikiye ku gitsina n’inyifato zifatiye ku gitsina. Igitsina cacu, gabo canke gore, ni uko twavutse, ariko inyifato zifaye ku gitsina vyagizwe n’imico yacu n’abantu bo mu kibano. Kubera uko kuntu abantu babona, igitsina n’inyifato ivuye ku gitsina abanti bashobora kubifatirako mu gushigikira akarenganyo kagirwa n’abanyabushobozi ku bandi. Tuzokwiga n’ibindi bijanye n’ivyo mu cigwa gikurikira ku vyerekeye igitsina n’ubushobozi.

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Icigwa ca 2: Igitsina, ubushobozi n’ugukumirana

Intumbero : Gutahura ihohoterwa rijanye n’inyifato ifatiye ku gitsina


Intangamarara: Niwiyumvire ko uri umukobwa hanyuma nyoko wawe akaba yakwigishije ko utegerezwa kwoza amasahani yose imbere y’uko uja kw’ishure. Hakaba hari amasani menshi cane mu buryo ucererwa kw’ishure, ariko abahungu muvukana akaba ataco bari bafise mu buryo batacerewe kw’ishure. Canke niwiyumvire ko uri umuhungu hanyuma so akaba yakureze akubwira ko wigumira aho uraba mushikawe ariko arateka. Umunsi umwe ugaca uhitamwo ko ugomba kubafasha ariko bakakwirukana mu gikoni kuko “igikoni ni ab’igikoni”.Yaba umuhungu n’umukobwa bose baracinyizwa kubera inyifato zifatiye ku gitsina. Muri iki cigwa, tuzorushiriza kwiga ibindi vyerekeye ingene ububasha n’agacinyizo bibabaza kubera inyifato zifatiye ku gitsina. Igikorwa: Imbere y’uko dutangura, dukeneye abahungu bose kwicara hasi. Abakobwa namwe mugume mwicaye ku ntebe. Reka tuje kuganira ku gituma nabasavye ivyo hanyuma. Insobanuro: Reka dusubiremwo amajambo twize mu gihimba giheze.

• Muribuka ico ari co amatati? • Muribuka ico ari co ububasha? • Muribuka ico ari co ubutungane n’akarenganyo?

Amatati: Amatati ni igihe abantu babiri canke barenga badashoboye kwumvikana ku kintu runaka. Ni ibisanzwe ko amatati abaho mu buzima kuko abantu baratandukanye, bizeye ibitandukanye, bafise ivyiyumviro bidasa, inyifato n’ivyo bakeneye bitandukanye; rero twiteze ko habaho intambara, guharira, kudatahurana n’ukutumvikana. Ububasha: Ububasha ni ingabirano, ubushobozi, ubumenyi vyo gukora ikintu. Ni ukuganza canke gushobora gutera abantu bagukurikira canke bakurikira ivyiyumviro vyawe canke bakora ivyo ushaka. Ububasha si bubi kandi si bwiza. Bushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwubaka canke busambura.. Ubutungane: Ubutungane ni ugufata neza abandi mu buzima bwacu.Ubutungane bisobanurwa imigenderanire myiza mu buryo abantu bangana. Nk’akarorero, ubutungane ni igihe ubutunzi nk’imfungurwa, amazi bisabikanijwe neza. Akarenganyo: Igihe abantu bakoresheje ububasha mu kwigirira nabi, kugirira nabi abandi canke imigwi y’abantu, bababakoresheje ububasha bw’inguvu n’akarenganyo. Igihe abantu bataronka imfungurwa, uburaro, kwiga, mu buryo bungana, tuvyita akarenganyo. Ni bibi kandi ni ugukoresha inguvu. Mu gihimba c’icigwa duheruka, twavuze ku gacinyizo.

• Mbega muribuka agacinyizo ico ari co? • Mbega muribuka ubwoko bw’ibidutandukanya bituma habaho agacinyizo?


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Igihe agacinyizo gafatiye ku gitsina canke ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina, ni agacinyizo gafatiye ku gitsina. Agacinyizo gafatiye ku gitsina: ni igihe umuhungu canke umukobwa afashwe nabi bitewe n’uko ari umuhungu canke umukobwa. Nk’akarorero, mu ngo nyinshi z’Abarundi, abakobwa nibo bakora ibikorwa nka vyose vyo mu nzu. Kuva bakiri bato, abakobwa benshi biga guteka, kwoza amasahani n’ukumesura impuzu, gukoropa n’ibindi. Kenshi na kenshi abahungu ntibitezwe ko bafasha mu bikorwa vyo mu nzu. Bisobanurwa ko abahungu bafise umwanya wiyaguye w’ugukina, kuraba Televisiyo aho ziri nko mu bisagara, mbere n’uwo kuja kw’ishure kurusha abakobwa. Bamwe barashobora kuvuga ko ari ibisanzwe kuko abahungu badashoboye gukora ibikorwa nk’ivyo. Naho bimeze uko, ivyo si vyo. Abahungu bashoboye guteka n’ugukoropa nk’uko abakobwa babishoboye. Mu vy’ukuri, mu bihugu bimwe bimwe, abahungu n’abakobwa basabwa gukora bimwe. Ibi vyerekana ko atari ibikorwa bifatiye ku gitsina ariko ari ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina. Guhimiriza abakobwa gukora ibikorwa vyo mu nzu kuruta uko tubigirira abahungu ni agacinyizo gafatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina kandi ni akarorero k’akarenganyo. Muhanahane ijambo:

• Bahungu, mwiyumvisemwo iki mu kwicara hasi? • Bakobwa, mwiyumvamwo gute? • Mbega ni vyiza abahungu kwicara hasi? • Mbega imico yacu ivuga iki ku vyerekeye ingene ishure cacu kimeze iki gihe? • Mbega muri kino gihe, hari akarenganyo gafatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina mw’ishure

ryacu? Bahungu, nimusubire mu bibanza vyanyu. Ndabashimiye kubona mwabaye muri iki gikino! Igikino: Kuri buri karorero twanditse kuri runo rutonde, asangwa vyaradushikiye, duhaguruke:

• Kubwirwa ko udashobora kuja kw’ishure kireste urangijegukora ibikorwa vyo mu nzu • Kubwirwa ko bidakwiyeko urira • Kubwirwa ko ataco uzovamwo kw’ishure kubera uri umuhungu canke umukobwa • Kubwirwa ko utemerewe gukina umupira w’amaguru canke iyindi myimenyerezo y’ikarashishi • Kubwirwa ko udashobora gukora akazi ugomba, igihe uzoba ukuze, kuko ari akazi gahariwe

abagabo canke abagore • Kubwirwa ko udakwiye kwiremeka amazi kuko uri umuhungu canke umukobwa

1. Mwatangaye kubona ba naka bahagurutse kuri buri ryungane? Kubera iki mwatangaye canke

mutatangaye? 2. Mwiyumva gute igihe mubwiwe ngo ntimukwiye gukora ikintu runaka kubera inyifato zifatiye

ku gitsina? 3. Bahungu, mwibazako mwokwiyumva gute igihe mwokora ibikorwa vyose vyo mu nzu? 4. Bakobwa, mwibazako mwokwiyumva gute igihe mwobwirwa ngo muri abanyantegenke igihe

muriko murarira? 5. Ni ubuhe bundi burorero bwerekana agacinyizo gafatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina kamaze

kubashikako?


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Amashusho atari yo ajanye n’inyifato zifatiye ku gitsina: Urutororokanwe rw’ivyitezwe n’ivyizerwa tubwirwa n’ikibano n’imico vyacu bitubwira ko ibi na biriya bikwiriye/vyahariwe abahungu (abagabo) canke abakobwa (abagore). Nk’uko bimeze no ku yandi mashusho atari yo, amashusho atari yo ajanye n’inyifato zifatiye ku gitsina si ukuri.

• Mwiyumvire ku mashusho atari yo ajanye n’inyifato zifatiye ku gitsina mwumvise? • Ni ayahe majambo mwokoresha mu kudondora umukobwa? Umuhungu?

Insobanuro n’ukuganira: Mu gihimba ca 1 ku vyerekeye umugwi w’amahoro, twarize ibijanye n’ibicapu atari vyo. Muribuka ico ari co igicapu atari co cerekeye ikintu kanaka? Ico gicapu gipoperenariza umugwi w’abantu mu ciyumviro kanaka, kibi kenshi na kenshi, kibuzako mu mugwi runaka habamwo ubudasa. Ivyo bitera ko haba ivyiyumviro bibi hagati y’abantu kandi bikababaza abantu ko amashusho atari yo ajanye n’ikintu kanaka akoreshwa n’abantu bo mu kibano mu gusobanura ico ari co ubuhungu n’ubukobwa. Ikibano cacu kivuga ko abakobwa bameze uko na yo abahungu bameze ukundi. Dukora amakosha mu kuvangatiranya igistina ca kanaka (uko bavutse) n’ubushobozi bwabo, imero yabo n’ubumenyi bwabo. Inkuru: “Gukina umupira w’amaguru si ivvy’abakobwa” Turiko turasoma iyi nkuru, n’uko abantu bafashwe neza canke nabi. Umunsi umwe, Gakobwa yariko akina na mugenzi we, Gahungu. Bariko bakinisha amabuye, bagerageza kuraba uwoyasunika hanze y’umuzingi bari bacapuye mw’ivu; hanyuma haca haza abahungu bigana mw’ishure. Abo bahungu bavugisha Gahungu wenyene, bamusaba ko yoza gukinana nabo umupira w’amaguru. Gahungu aca araba Gakobwa yasa n’uwubabaye. Gahungu abwira abo bahungu ati: “Ndaza gukinana namwe igihe mwokwemerako na Gakobwa nawe yoza.” Abo bahungu baramwishura bati: “Ariko ni umukobwa! Yotuma umugwi wacu udakina neza. Bose barazi ko abakobwa badashoboye gukina umupira w’amaguru. Ntibashoboye kunyaruka mu kwiruka canke ngo baterane inguvu nyinshi umupira ng’ushike kure.” Gakobwa arababara cane. Ni kuki abo bahungu batigeze bamwemerera ngo akine? Ni kuki biyumviriye ko adashoboye gukina umupira w’amaguru? Yemererwa gukinana n’abo bakiri bato cane ariko bamaze gushika mu mashure yisumbuye, ntibongeye kumwemerera. Gahungu abona Gakobwa ajanwe n’ivyiyumviro vyinshi kubera ivyo bibaye, kandi ko bamubabaje cane.

• Ni kuki abahungu biyumvirako abakobwa badashoboye gukina umupira w’amaguru? Mbega bifatiye ku buryo abakobwa bavutse canke ku bikorwa bihariwe igitsina kanaka vyanshinzwe n’abantu bo mu kibano cacu?

• Mbega twosozera iyi nkuru gute mu buryo umwe wese yumva ko afashwe neza, atunganirijwe? Mbega Gahungu yovuga iki? Gakobwa yovuga iki?

• Mbega hari ibisa n’ibi bimaze kugushikira? Wiyumvise gute? Wakoze iki? Muhanahane ijambo: Mbere rimwe na rimwe mw’ishure turakoresha amashusho/imvugo Atari yo mu kuvuga uwushoboye ibi vyigwa kuruta abandi.

• Mbega ni ibihe vyigwa abahungu bashoboye kuruta abakobwa? Abakobwa bashoboye kuruta abahungu?

Ivyigwa nk’ibiharuro, kwubaka, ivy’imbaho/ubusaramara, ivy’ivyuma, kahise ni ivy’abahungu nayo indimi, ivy’idini, biyoloji, modeli z’inyambaro, ibitenge, guteka n’imirire n’ukudandaza n’ivy’abakobwa.Ariko ibi ntibifatiye ku buryo twavutse. Ivyo ni amashusho/imvugo zifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina, kandi haciye igihe bihinduka ukuri kuko tuguma tuvyigishwa imyaka n’iyindi ko ivyo ari ukuri. Igihe twiyumviriye ko tudashoboye ibiharuro kuko turi abakobwa, canke twiyumviriye ko tudashoboye indimi kuko turi abahungu, dutangura kwizera ko ivyo ari ukuri.


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Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Muri iki cigwa, twize ko igitsina c’umuntu gishobora kumubera intambamyi ku kazi yokora, mu kwiga ivyo ashaka, imfungurwa n’uburaro, mbere n’ibikorwa vyo mu nzu. Igihe ibi bintu vyerekana ubutangana bw’abantu canke igitsina c’uwu n’uriya, vyose tuvyita agacinyizo gafatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina. Ubu ni uburyo bumwe bw’ugukoresha inguvu n’akarengayo. Nk’abari mu mirwi y’amahoro ni igikorwa cacu kubwira abantu ivyerekeye akarenganyo gafatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina kugira bafashe kwubaka amahoro. Mu cigwa gikurikira, tuzokwiga ko rimwe na rimwe ivyiyumviro vyerekeye inyifato zifatiye ku gitsina zikoreshwa mu kudondora abagore bose n’abagabo bose. Igihe iciyumviro kanaka gikoreshejwe mu kudondora abagabo bose canke abagore bose, vyitwa amashusho Atari yo ajanye n’inyifato zifatiye ku gitsina Amashusho/imvugo zifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina ashobora kugirira nabi abantu bo mu kibano cacu kuko bigabanya ivyo umuntu ashoboye gukora. Kandi bikoreshwa n’abantu bamwe bamwe kugira basobanure igituma bafise ubushobozi ku bandi. Nk’abari mu migwi y’amahoro, dukwiye gukorera hamwe ngo duhagarike ivyo mu gikorwa cacu c’ukwubaka amahoro n’ubutungane. Muri ino ndwi, mwiyubare kuri ivyo muvuga n’ivy’abandi bavuga. Wibaze uti: “Mbega ndiko mvuga igitera amashusho afatiye ku gitsina arushiriza gukomera/gukura? Novuga iki canke nokora iki ngo ayo mashusho aveho?” Mube abiteguye kubwira abandi ivyo mwabayemwo n’ivyo mwiyumvira mu mubonano muzogirana mu mugwi w’amahoro.


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Icigwa ca 3: Ibikorwa bijanye n’igitsina

Intumbero : Kwerekana uko umuco wacu udutegeka ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato

zifatiye ku gitsina

Ibikoresho : Ibinyamakuru canye ibitabu, umukasi, ikibaho, ingwa

Intangamarara: Mu vyigwa vyacu twarangije, twize itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina n’ibikorwa bifatiye ku gitsina, n’agacinyizo gafatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina.

• Mbega muribuka itandukaniro riri hagati y’igitsina n’inyifato zifatiye ku gitsina? • Twarongeye turiga ko rimwe na rimwe ivyitezwe ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina, nk’amashusho

atariyo afatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina, akoreshwa mu gucinyiza/gukumira abagore canke abagabo, kandi ko ivyo ari uburyo bw’akarenganyo n’ugukoresha inguvu.

• Mbega muribuka ico arico amashusho/imvugo atari yo afatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina? • Mbega muribuka ico arico ugukumira gufatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina? • Muri iyi ndwi, hari uwoba muri mwebwe yarabonye canke yarumvise amashusho/imvugo Atari

yo afatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina canke ugukumira gufatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina? Wakoze canke wavuze iki kuri ivyo wabonye canke wumvise?

Uno munsi, turiga ko rimwe na rimwe igitsina cacu cishimikizwa mu gusobanura aho tugarukira n’ibikorwa runaka bifatiye ku gitsina mu ngo zacu, kw’ishure no mu kibano, kandi ivyo ni ugukumira. Guhanahana ijambo n’insobanuro: Ibikorwa bifatiye ku gitsina: Ibi ni ibikorwa vy’abahungu n’abakobwa bifatiye ku buryo bavutse. Abakobwa/abagore bakora igikorwa c’ukuvyara abana, nayo abahungu/abagabo barakenewe kugira abagore basame inda. Biva ku buryo bavutse kandi ntibihinduka kubw’abantu bari mu kibano cacu, kandi biguma uko ibihe vyose. Ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina: Ibi ni ibikorwa vyashinzwe n’abantu bo mu kibano cacu ku bakobwa/abagore no ku bahungu/abagabo, ivyo tujejwe kandi dufitiye uburenganzira nk’abahungu/abagabo canke abakobwa/abagore.

• Mbega ibikorwa vy’abagore mu nzu ni ibihe? (uturorero: guteka/gukinjika, gukoropa, kumesa, kwoza amasahani, kwitwararika abarwaye)

• Mbega ibikorwa vy’abagabo mu nzu ni ibihe? (uturorero: gukora icapfuye/icononekaye mu nzu, gusoma n’ukuraba amakuru)

• Mbega ubwoko bw’akazi k’abagore muzi ni ubuhe? (uturorero: umwanditsi mu biro, umwigisha, umuforoma)

• Mbega ubwoko bw’akazi k’abagabo muzi ni ubuhe? (uturorero: umuvuzi/dogiteri, umudiregiteri, umushakashatsi, umusoda, umudandaza/uwikorera utwiwe)

Igikorwa: “Amashusho yo mu kinyamakuru”

1. Shira abigishwa mu mirwi ya 4-6. Bahe ikinyamakuru canke igitabu n’imikasi. 2. Kira murwi uhimbure ifoto y’umugabo n’umugore ziri muri ico kinyamakuru canke igitabu. 3. Erekana kandi usobanure iyo foto imbere y’abandi bigishwa.

Muhanahane ijambo:

• Muri izo foto abagore bariko bakora iki? • Muri izo foto abagabo bariko bakora iki?


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• Mbega birasa n’amashusho atari yo afatiye ku gitsina canke ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina mwamaze kubona kare?

• Mwoshobora kurema ifoto yanyu, mwohindura iki? Ivyo mutohindura ni ibihe? • Ni akahe kazi, n’ibihe bikorwa bibonwa kwari inyegu y’abakobwa/abagore gusa ariko

bishobora gukorwa n’abahungu/abagabo? Ni akahe kazi, n’ibihe bikorwa bibonwa kwari inyegu y’abahungu/abagabo gusa ariko bishora gukorwa n’abakobwa/abagore?

• Ni vyiza/nta karenganyo? Muhanahane ijambo

• Ufise igikorwa canke ivyo ujejwe bihe i muhira? • Mw’ishure, igihe uhawe igikorwa, ni ibihe bikorwa n’abahungu? Ni ibihe bikorwa

n’abakobwa? Ni kuki bigaburwa uko? (Kenshi na kenshi, abahungu basunika intebe, abakobwa nabo barakoropa. Igihe ari igikorwa c’ugukubura n’ugukoropa, abakobwa barakubura, abahungu nabo bagakoropa. Igihe ibikorwa bikorerwa hanze, abakorwa batwara imicafu, abahungu nabo bagakora ibindi. Iri ni ikumirwa rifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina.

• Nk’abari mu mugwi w’amahoro, twohindura ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina mu ngo zacu gute? Ku mashure yacu? Mu kibano cacu?

Igikorwa c’i muhira: Umwigishwa wese atore igikorwa kimwe gifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina abona muhira iwabo canke kw’ishure, yibaza ko ari ishusho atari yo kandi yifuza guhindura. Ubasabe gukora cane mu ndwi ikurikira, kugira hagire ico bakoze gihindura ivyo. Ku bahungu, ivyo vyoba nk’ugufasha mu gikoni/gukinjika canke gukoropa ishure. Ku bakobwa, vyoba nk’ugukora amasaha menshi biga ibiharuro canke bakina umupira w’amaguru hamwe n’abasaza babo. Igihe abavyeyi, abigisha canke abandi banyeshure bakubajije ivyo uriko urakora, ico coca kikubera umwanya mwiza w’ukubigisha ibijanye n’ikumirwa rifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina n’amashusho atari yo afatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina. Ndabifurije igikorwa ciza! Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Uno munsi, tuja kwiga ko rimwe na rimwe imico yacu itubwira ubuzi dutegerezwa gukora,mbere n’ivyigwa dutegerezwa kwiga bifatiye kuko turi abahungu/abagabo canke abakobwa/abagore. Ivyo vyitwa ibikorwa bifatiye kunyifato zijanye n’igitsina kandi ntibiraba ko ubishoboye canke utabishoboye canke ariko wavutse ariko bijanye n’imico yacu. Ivyo bitera haba ugukumirana bifatiye kugitsina kandi bitera hakoreshwa inguvu. Muri iyi ndwi, mugerageze muhindure ivyo bijanye n’ibikorwa bifatiye ku gitsina i muhira iwanyu no kw’ishure. Mushobora gukoresha urutonde twashize ku kibaho kugira bibafashe kubishikako. Mu mugwi w’amahoro, mu mubonano ukurikira, nimwitegure kubiyaga n’abandi ingene vyagenze kandi n’ingene mwiyumvise!


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Icigwa ca 4: Guhindura ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina

Intumbero : Kurimbura uko twohindura ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina mu nguvu zacu ibijanye n’amahoro n’ukuri


Intangamarara: Mu cigwa duherutse, twarize itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina n’ibikorwa bifatiye ku gihimba c’irondoka.

• Muribuka itandukaniro ryavyo? Mu kindi cigwa,twaraganiriye ku vyiyumviro bijanye n’ingene twohindura ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina mu mashure yacu, i muhira no mu kibano cacu kugira turonke amahoro.

• Muribuka ivyari ku rutonde? • Mbega twakoze iki kugira duhindure ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina?

Mu cigwa c’uno munsi, tugiye kwiga ingene twohindura ibikorwa bijanye n’inyifato zifatiye ku gitsina mu twigoro twacu ku bijanye n’amahoro n’ubutungane. Guhindura ni ugufata ikintu ugaheza ugahindura uko kimeze n’uko gisa. Igihe tuvuga guhindura ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina, tuba turiko tuvuga gufata ibikorwa vy’akarenganyo kandi bibi ikibano giha abagore canke abagabo ugaheza ukabihinduramwo ibikorwa vyiza kandi bibatunganiriza. Nk’uko bimeze no ku yandi matati, inzira nziza kuruta izindi zose y’ukurwanya ubusumbane n’ugukumira ni ukwubaha n’uguha ububasha abandi. Igihe dushobozanije kuba beza ku rugero rwo hejuru kandi tugakoresha ububasha bwacu, inkomezi, ubumenyi n’ibikorwa vyacu kugira twigishe abandi twongere twubakane kandi dukureho akarenganyo, aho niho tuba turiko turafasha kuzana amahoro. Igihe dukoze ivyo, tuba turiko turakora ibihindura ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina.

• Nk’abagize umurwi w’amahoro, ni izihe zindi nzira z’uguhindura ibikorwa bijanye n’inyifato zifatiye ku gitsina, duheze dukureho amashusho Atari yo afatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina?

• Mw’ishure twobikora gute? • I muhira twobikora gute?

Nidufate vya bicapu vyacu twacapuye vyerekana ico twifuza kuba muri kazoza igihe tuzoba dukuze. Ivyo mwacapuye muvyiyumvirako iki? Mbega ni amashusho/imvugo Atari yo afatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina? Ubu mwamaze kwiga ibijanye n’amashusho atari yo afatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina, igihe wocapura wohinduka iki? Igikorwa: Uburyo bwa 1 Nk’ishure ryose canke mu migwi mitomito mutegure igikino, indirimbo, icivugo, igicapu, bijanye n’uguhindura ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina, muza gusangira n’abandi mw’ishure. Kwigisha ni kimwe mu bihindura ibintu. Baza umuyobozi w’ishure ryawe igihe womanika canke woshikiriza abandi ivyo mwakoze. Muhanahane ijambo: Ng’ibi ibintu vyokwiyumvirako.


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• Turashobora kwubahana n’uguhagarika amashusho/imvugo atari zo zijanye n’inyifato zifatiye

ku gitsina. Uburyo bumwe bw’ukubikora si ugutwenga uwundi kuko batabikwiye kuko ari umukobwa canke umuhungu. Ahubwo tubabwire ivyiza.

• Abahungu n’abakobwa bakwiye kwumvirizanya neza. • Dushobora kwubahana n’ukwerekana gushimirana ku vyiyumviro n’imbono abahungu

n’abakobwa bafise (naho twoba tudahuza). • Turashobora guha igiciro intererano zitanzwe n’abakobwa n’abahungu – twifuza ko intererano

zacu zihabwa agaciro! • Kugufata ingingo zihambaye i muhira,kw’ishure, no mu kibano. Turashobora guha abahungu

n’abakobwa umwanya wo kugira ico baterereye. • Turashobora guterana integemugukoresha ubumenyi bwacu n’ugushishikara gukora ibikorwa

dushimye n’ugushishikara ivyo vyigwa bitugora mw’ishure, n’aho ivyo bikorwa vyoba bisa n’ibigenewe kiriya kindi gitsina.

• Dushobora gutera intege abahungu n’abakobwa kugira babe abarongozi. Akarorero, gutora abakobwa n’abahungu mu bibanza vy’uburongozi kw’ishure.

• Turashobora gusangira ivyo tujejwe,atari kugabura ibikorwa bifatiye ku gitsina, nk’uko twabibonye kugicapu!

Amajambo yo kurangirizako:

Hariho ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina mu buzima bwacu bwa misi yose. Ivyo bikerekana igituma rimwe na rimwe bitugora kubona ingaruka yavyo.

Iyo ni imwe mu ndoto zacu za kazoza, imigenderanire yacu, ibikorwa vyacu n’amatati. Ni ikintu gihambaye gutegera ingene ibikorwa bifatiye ku nyifato ishimikiye ku gitsina bifise ingaruka ku ndoto zacu za kazoza, imigenderanire yacu, ibikorwa vyacu mbere n’amatati yacu.

Igihe tutokwinengesera, na cane cane ko ivyo bikorwa biri mu bigize ubuzima bwacu bwa misi yose, dushobora gusanga tuguye mu mutego w’akarenganyo, no gukumirana bijanye n’igitsina. Kubera ko ivyo bikorwa vyashinzwe n’imico kama, inkuru nziza ni uko dushobora kubihindura bikavamwo ikintu kizima.


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Icigwa ca 5: Ubugenzi

Intumbero : Gutahura akamaro k’ubugenzi bwiza.

Ibikoresho : Urupapuro, amakaramu, amakurere

Intangamarara: Mu cigwa c’uyu musi, tuja kwiga kubijanye n’ubugenzi canke abagenzi

• Ijambo umugenzi risobanura iki kuri wewe? Umugenzi ni umuntu wizigira kandi unezererwa kumarana umwanya nawe.Umugenzi kenshi na kenshi ni uwo ushobora kuganira na we mukanakina.

1. Ni ibihe bintu ukunda cane ku mugenzi? 2. Urafise abagenzi b’abahungu n’abakobwa? 3. Bakobwa, ni kuki mwibaza ko kugira abagenzi b’abahungu ari vyiza? Bahungu, ni kuki

mwibaza ko kugira abagenzi b’abakobwa ari vyiza? 4. Mbega biragoye kuronka abagenzi mudasangiye igitsina? Kuki? 5. Ni gute woba umugenzi mwiza? 6. Mu gihe umugenzi wawe ashatse gukora ico utemera canke utipfuza nko kwiba

imbombo, kugukoranga aho udashaka gukorwa ukora iki? Ikiganiro: Kugira abagenzi ni nkenerwa. Abagenzi ni abantu twizera kandi turyohererwa kumarana umwanya. Ariko rimwe na rimwe abagenzi bacu bashobora kudusaba gukora ivyo tutagomba, nk’ukwiba canke kudukoranga aho tudashaka nko mu bihimba vyacu ntavogerwa. Ni nkenerwa kuganira n’abagenzi bacu ingene twiyumva mbere n’igihe tutamerewe neza canke dufise ubwoba ko vyosambura ubugenzi bwacu. Ni vyiza gukora ivyo tuzi ko bikwiriye kuruta kugendana n’umuntu ngo n’uko ari umugenzi gusa. Kandi mugihe badusavye ivyo tuzi ko ari bibi ntiboba bakiri abagenzi bacu beza.Igihe umugenzi wacu aduteye twumva tumerewe nabi, ni nkenerwa ko tumubwiza ukuri,tukamureka akamenya ko ivyo ariko arakora tutabishima.Mbega ivyo twobikora mu buryo bwiza gute? Abagenzi beza ni abifatanya natwe mugihe tubabaye n’igihe tunezerewe. Ni nkenerwa ko tumenyesha abagenzi bacu ko tubitayeho kandi tunezererwa kumarana umwanya nabo. Ni ubuhe buryo ivyo twobikora? Agakorwa:“Murakoze” Abagenzi ni nkenerwa kandi ni ubutunzi. Muri aka gakorwa, turaja kuganira uko twoshobora kugira umugenzi mwiza, twongere tumwandikire agakarata ko kumushimira (murakoze) kugira tumwereke ko tumushima.

1. Ha abigishwa impapuro n’amakaramu. 2. Zingamwo kubiri urwo rupapuro ku rugero rw’ikarata. 3. Hejuru andika aya majambo “Murakoze kuba umugenzi wanje” 4. Muri iyo karata siga amarangi canke andikamwo ayandi majambo bakunda kandi bikundako. 5. Saba abo bigishwa guha izo karata abagenzi babo.

Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Muri iki cigwa twize ivyerekeye abagenzi/ubugenzi. Abagenzi ni abantu dushobora kuganira kandi tuzi ko batwitayeho. Abagenzi ni abantu twizigira kandi tuzi ko batwitayeho. Ariko rimwe na rimwe abagenzi bacu bashobora kudusaba gukora ibintu tudashaka gukora. Ni nkenerwa ko twishigikira kandi dushikiriza ivyo tugomba. Nk’abagize umurwi w’amahoro, ni nkenerwa, ko twereka abandi ingene tuba abagenzi beza n’ingene dufata ubugenzi bwacu nk’ubutunzi.


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Icigwa ca 6: Ugufata ku nguvu, Igihimba ca 1

Intumbero : Gusobanura ugufata ku nguvu no gutahura uko wokwirinda no gufata ku

nguvu.


Intangamarara : Mu vyigwa bibiri twarangije, twize ivyerekeye gukoresha inguvu bifatiye ku gitsina.

• Muribuka ico arico ugufatwa ku nguvu bifatiye ku gitsina? Turiko turakorera hamwe ngo dufashe habeho ukungana hagati y’ibitsina, tuba turiko turahagarika ugufata ku nguvu bifatiye ku gitsina, nk’ugufatwa ku nguvu. Nk’uko twize ibijanye n’ubugenzi, abagenzi usanga bagera aho bakorakorana ko, ariko rero ivyo navyo nyene hari aho usanga ari vyiza ahandi na ho ari bibi. Gukorakora kwiza: Biraryoshe kugumbirwa n’ugusomwa n’uwo ukunda. Gukorakorwa kwiza kurakenewe kugira biduhe ubuzima n’umunezero. Kandi gukorakorwa kwiza ni uko gukorakorwa kutatwinjiza mu kaga, kandi gushobora kutatubabaza, nk’ugukura ihwa mu rutoke. Kuko uko gukorakorwa kutaduta mu kaga kandi gutanga ubuzima, ni ugukorakorwa kwiza. Gukorakorwa kubi: ni ugukorakorwa kubabaza canke kugutera ubwoba canke uruhagarara. Kuduta mu kaga kuko gukomeretsa imibiri yacu n’ibishobisho vyacu. Ni uburyo bw’ugufata ku nguvu. Mu cigwa c’uno munsi, tuja kwiga ko rimwe na rimwe ugukorakorwa kubi ari ugukorakora gutera kuzazanirwa. Insobanuro: Ugukorakora gutera ukuzazanirwa = Ugufata ku nguvu *Ugukorakora gutera kuzazanirwa gushobora kuba hakoreshejwe inguvu.Ugufata ku nguvu ni igihe umuntu akugobereye gukora ico utagomba canke ico udatahura. *Ugukorakora gutera kuzazanirwa gushobora kuba mu rwenge: mu rwenge ni igihe umuntu akubeshe, yigirishije canke yita igikino ibitari igikino kugira ngo ashobore kugukorakora mu bihimba vyawe ntavogerwa canke ngo ukorakore ivyiwe bihimba ntavogerwa. Ugufata ku nguvu: Igihe uwukuze akoresheje ububasha bwiwe ku mwana canke uwukiri muto kugira akugobere ngo muryamane; ivyo ni ugufata ku nguvu. Ugufata ku nguvu mu buryo bw’ugukorakora: Ibi ni ukugoberwa canke gutwarwa muri rwenge gushika aho ukorwakorwa mu bihimba vyawe ntavogerwa.

• Si vyiza gukorakora ibihimba ntavogerwa vy’umuntu. • Si vyiza kubikorakora imbere yawe. • Si vyiza ko umuntu agusaba gukorakora ibihimba vyiwe ntavogerwa.

Gufata ku nguvu: Umugabo canke umugore kugobera uwundi ngo bahuze ibitsina, batavyemeranijeko, uwo wundi atabigomba, canke ata myaka arakwiza y’ukubikora. Ivyo birimwo gukoresha inguvu z’umubiri, gukoresha iterabwoba ry’inguvu canke igikenye. Ikizira: Igihe habaye gufata ku nguvu uwo mu muryango wawe, ni ikizira. Ashobora kuba umuvyeyi wawe, uwo muvukana, nyokorome, nyokwanyu canke uwo baso/banyoko bavukana. Rimwe na rimwe gukorakora kwiza gushobora guhindukamwo gukorakora kubi canke kuzazanirwa.


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Akarorero, gukorakora guhindukamwo kubi canke kuzazanirwa igihe:

• kumaze igihe kirekire • kubabaza cane • Gutanguye kuzana umubabaro • utanguye kurira • bikugora guhema • ukorakozwe mu bihimba ntavogerwa

Igihe umuntu agukorakoye mu bihimba vyawe ntavogerwa canke aguteye ubuyega, ni nkenerwa ko wibuka ibintu bitatu:

1. Oya! – Igihe aguteye kwumva nabi, mubwire uti: “Oya!” Ni vyiza ko ukoresha ijwi ryumvikana kandi rinini.

Imenyereze na mugenzi wawe kuvuga “Oya!”

2. Kwigira! – Ukibishoboye, ni nkenerwa ko uva haruhande y’umuntu agutera kumererwa nabi canke agutera ubabara. Rimwe na rimwe birashoboka ko biba ibigoye cane, rero urashobora kurema inkuru y’ukumubwira igushoboza kumuva haruhande, ukigira. Uturorero tumwe tumwe dushobora kuba “ndatashe gufasha mawe gutegura imfungurwa zo mw’ijoro” canke “binsaba ko nja kw’ishure gukora igikorwa”

Hindukirira uwo yicaye haruhande yawe, muheze mwimenyereze gutanga inzitwazo zibatera muva mu bintu bitera akaga.

3. Vuga! – Umaze kugenda, ca uja ku muntu akuze w’umwizigirwa (uwo musangiye urunani), uheze umubwire ivyagushikiye. Atakwizeye, bwira uwundi akwumviriza! Agakorwa:“Ivyizigiro n’Izuba” Uko musoma iyi nkuru, somera abigishwa uburyo bwa 1 n’ubwa 2. Bareke bitorere ubwo babona ko ari bwiza kuruta ubundi. Inyuma y’aho ubasomere ubundi buryo nabwo. Vyizigiro ni umukobwa. Zuba ni umuhungu. Bose bari mu murwi w’amahoro kandi barigana kw’ishure. Vyizigiro: Umunsi umwe, Zuba yariko aravuga ibitwenza kandi ankorakorako turi ahatwenyene. Ndazi ko ukunkorakorako kwari ugufyina, ariko inyuma yaho numva nabi. Ukwo kunkorakorako kuntera nzazanirwa kandi numva nabi. None nkore iki? Uburyo bwa 1: Ndacereza kuko Zuba ari umugenzi wanje. Sinshaka kwonona ubugenzi bwacu. Birashoboka ko atazobisubira. Uburyo bwa 2: Ndakwiye kugira ico mvuze kuko vyambabaje kandi ntashaka ko vyongera kuba. None novuga iki? Ingaruka y’uburyo bwa 1: Ndinumira. Ariko ku mpera y’iyo ndwi, yongera kunkorakora nka mbere. Nca ndiyanka kubona ntagize ico mvuga. Abandi bahungu bamaze kubona Zuba ankorakorako, batangura kungirira uko nyene. Numva merewe nabi cane. Ndababaye kandi ndiyanse. Ndanka abahungu!!! Nishakira kwigumira ndi jenyene. Kuganira: Ibibazo vy’ukurangiza uburyo bwa 1:

• Mbega uko gukorakorwako kwari bwoko ki? • Kwatera Vyizigiro yiyumva gute? Iyo woba uri Vyizigiro, wokwumva gute? • Mwiyumvira iki ku nyishu ya Vyizigiro ku vyo Zuba yamugiriye? • Mbega muremeranya kuvyo Vyizigiro yahisemwo gukora?


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Ingaruka ku buryo bwa 2: Vyizigiro arababaye cane kandi arazazaniwe, kuri ubwo aca ahitamwo kuyaga na Zuba. Ku munsi ukurikira, Vyizigiro ayaga na Zuba atekereje avuga ati: “Zuba! Uri umugenzi wanje kandi ndagushima nk’umugenzi mwiza. Ariko ejo, numvise nguwe nabi igihe wankorakorako. Ntavyo nkunda. Ntaco nakubwiye ku bijanye n’ivyo kuko nagize ubwoba ko vyokwica ubugenzi bwacu. Naho bimeze uko, ndazi ko nkwiye kubikubwira. Zuba, ndakwinginze ntuzosubire kunkorakorako. Ndaziko wariko urifyinira, ariko ntavyo nshaka kandi ntavyo nkunda. Mbega uratahura ivyo ndiko ndavuga?” Ibibazo vy’ukurangiza uburyo bwa 2:

• Inyishu ya Vyizigiro mu kurangiza uburyo bwa 2 ni iyihe? Iyi nyishu muyiyumvirako iki? • Vyizigiro yariko abwira Zuba iki? • Igihe woba ariwewe Zuba, wokwiyumva gute ku vyo Vyizigiro yariko aravuga? • Igihe Zuba adahagaritse gukorakora Vyizigiro, Vyizigiro yoca akora iki?

Mbega mwahisemwo uburyo bwiza kuruta bwose? Mbega mwohindura ivyo mwari gukora ubu ko mumaze kumenya uko vyarangijwe? Guhanahana ijambo: Muri iyi nkuru, Vyizigiro na Zuba ni abagenzi. Vyaragoye Vyizigiro kubwira Zuba ngo “Oya” (reka kunkorakora) kuko atagomba ko ubugenzi bwabo buhagarara. Birashoboka ko kandi yagize uruhagarara ku vyo abandi bigishwa bokwiyumvira. Kandi Vyizigiro yari azazaniwe kuko uko gukorakorwa kwakozwe mu gufyina.

• Mbega vyogorana kubwira umugenzi uti “Oya” igihe yoba ariko aragukorakorako nk’uko Zuba yariko abigirira Vyizigiro? Kuki?

• Igihe uri wenyene hanyuma umwigisha akagukorakorako wogira iki? Mbega vyokugora kwankira (kubwira “oya”) umwigisha canke umuntu akuze? Kubera iki?

• Ni kuki ari nkenerwa kwanka (kuvuga uti “oya”)? • Igihe uwo muntu ataretse (atumviye oya yawe) ukwiye gukora iki?

Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Muri iki cigwa, twaravye ingene ibihe vyose ugukorakorwa kubi kutababaza. Rimwe na rimwe urashobora kuvyumvamwo ubudasa canke kwumva uryohewe. Ni nkenerwa kumenya ko igihe cose bishitse ugakorakorwako muri ubu buryo canke ugakorakorako uwundi muri ubu buryo, ko atari vyiza kandi ko ukwiye kumushengeza. Mu cigwa cacu gikurikira, tuja turaba igikwiye gukorwa igihe hari umuntu agufashe ku nguvu canke muhujije igitsina ku nguvu canke hari uwo uzi yabigiriwe. Ni nkenerwa kwama wibuka ko atari ikosha ryawe kandi ko ata kibi wakoze.


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Icigwa ca 7: Ugufata ku nguvu, Igihimba ca 2

Intumbero : Kwerekana ugufata ku nguvu no gutahura uko wokwirinda ugufata ku

nguvu.


Intangamarara: Mu cigwa cacu duherukirako, twaganiriye ku kungene ugukorakorwako kubi gushobora kuba ukuzazanye rimwe na rimwe. Ugukorakorwako kuzazanye ni ugufata ku nguvu kandi gushobora mbere gushika ku guhuza igitsina ku nguvu. Mu cigwa c’uno munsi, turaganira ku guhuza igitsina ku nguvu n’ugufatwa ku nguvu mw’ido n’ido ryavyo, turongera tuganire ku buryo butandukanye bw’ugufatwa ku nguvu. Iki cigwa gishobora kugutera utiyumva neza, ariko ni icigwa gikenewe cane ko tugitahura. Tugerageze kandi twubahane canke twumvirizanye ivyiyumviro kandi neza, dukurikire neza ivyo turiko turiga. Reka tuve mu gukorakorako kwiza n’ugukorakorako kubi twamye twiga, tubikoreshe mu gusubiramwo. Insobanuro:

1. Gukorwako:

Inyifato z’ugukorako mu buryo bw’igitsina kurimwo gukorwako mu bihimba vy’irondoka (ku gitsina), kugoberwa gukora ku gitsina c’uwundi, gusomwa canke kugumbirwa mu buryo igitsina kibishaka. • Si vyiza gukorakora ibihimba ntavogerwa vy’umubiri vy’uwundi muntu. • Si vyiza ko imbere yawe uwundi muntu akorakora ibihimba ntavogerwa vy’umubiri vyiwe. • Si vyiza ko uwundi muntu agusaba gukorakora ibihimba ntavogerwa vy’umubiri wiwe.

2. Gukoresha ubundi buryo:

Kudakorwako mu buryo bw’igitsina kurimwo kwereka abana amavidewo canke amafoto y’ubusambanyi, kugobera abana kwumviriza ibiyago vy’ubweruzi (ugushakana) harimwo n’ukuvugana ku telephone muvugana ibintu nk’ivyo, n’ugufatwa amafoto y’ibishegu/agutera kwipfuza ubushurashuzi

• Si vyiza ko umuntu agusaba gukura impuzu canke kugufata videwo/foto utambaye impuzu • Si vyiza ko umuntu akwereka videwo canke ifoto z’abantu bari gusa.

Uburorero bw’ugukoresha ka bwenge: Gukubakurwa bifatiye ku gitsina: igihe umuntu atewe kwiyumvako “ari uwutishoboye, agoberewe, canke ateterejwe kubw’amajambo canke ivyo agiriwe bifatiye ku nyifato zifatiye ku gitsina”. Gukubakurwa bifatiye ku gitsina, kenshi na kenshi kubonwa nk’uko ari kwiza, ariko mu vy’ukuri ntibimenyerewe mu bantu bo mu kibano kandi ni gufata ku nguvu. Kwerekana ibihimba ntavogerwa vy’umubiri wawe ku ntumbero kanaka: igihe umuntu ashize ku mugaragaro ibihimba ntavogerwa vyiwe ku ntumbero kanaka, imbere y’abandi bantu, yifuza ko abo bantu babona ivyo bihimba, ubu ni ubundi buryo bw’ugufata ku nguvu.. Bishobora kugorana ko wanka (kuvuga ngo “oya”). Ariko, igihe umuntu agukorakoze ku bihimba ntavogerwa vy’umubiri wawe, akugobereye gukorakora ivyiwe, agukwegeye kuraba videwo/foto z’ubusambanyi, agerageza ngo agufotore utambaye, ivyo navyo ni ugufata ku nguvu. Ni bibi. Mbega muribuka imyimenyerezo twagize kuri “Oya! Kwigira! Vuga!”? Hagarika!” canke “Oya! Ntavyo nshaka kuraba canke sindi muri ivyo!” Gufatwa ku nguvu n’uguhuza igitsina ku nguvu ni ibibazo bikomeye cane. Igihe mwumvise ko bikorwa canke bigushikiye, ronderaimfashanyo (Genda!) kandi mutegerezwa kubishengeza (Vuga!).


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Hamwe n’uwo akwegereye, nimwimenyereze “Oya! Genda! Vuga!” Muhanahane ijambo:

• Igihe umugenzi wawe agukorakoze mu bihimba ntavogerwa vy’umubiri wawe ukwiye gukora iki?

• Igihe ari incuti yawe, sogokuru, nyokorome, senge, umuvyara, agukorakoze mu bihimba ntavogerwa vy’umubiri wawe ukwiye gukora iki?

• Igihe ari mwigisha wawe agukorakoze mu bihimba ntavogerwa vy’umubiri wawe ukwiye gukora iki?

• Nk’abari mu murwi w’amahoro twokora iki ngo dufashe gukinga n’ukurandurana n’imizi ivy’ugufata ku nguvu?

*Mwibuke ko: ata na rimwe biba vyarengeranye kugira umuntu akuze ubwira ko wafashwe ku nguvu. Igihe hari umuntu agukorakozeko mu buryo bukuzazanira kandi bugutera wumva nabi, bibwire uwundi muntu akuze wizigira. Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Muri iki cigwa, twize uburyo butandukanye bwerekeye gufatwa ku nguvu, kandi ko bishobora kuba mu buryo bw’ugukorakorako canke guca mu nzindi nzira. Dutegerezwa kwibuka ko gufatwa ku nguvu si igihe cose guhuza igitsina. Ahubwo ni ugukoresha inguvu nabi, ukwifuza kukakuganza. Ugushika ku bungane hagati y’ibitsina bizofasha abagore kugenzura ibintu n’ugushika aho haboneka umutekano kandi bakore ibikorwa bihagarika akarenganyo k’abagabo kuri bo. Nk’abari mu mugwi w’amahoro, ni nkenerwa ko dukora mu buryo habaho kungana kw’ibitsina mu twigoro twacu twogushiraho ikibano kirimwo amahoro, ubutungane, mu mashure yacu, mu ngo zacu n’ikibano cacu.


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Igice ca 4: Ugutatura amatati “Ahari abagabo ntiharwa ibara”.

Intangamarara y’igice: Nk’uko twabibonye, amatati ni inyifato isanzwe mu buzima bwa misi yose. Turavye no mw’ijambo ry’Imana, harabonekayo ibintu vyinshi vy’amatati hagati y’abantu. Ariko rero turabona ko ijambo ry’Imana rihamagarira abantu kwiyuzuza nayo, bakongera bakiyuzuza hagati yabo. Igihe habaye ingorane hagati y’abantu babiri, Yesu yatanze inzira zine usomye muri Matayo 18:15-20:

1) Kurondera umuntu mwagiriraniye ingorane mukazivuganako 2) Iyo bidashoboka ko muvugana muri babiri, kurondera abantu babiri canke batatu bababera

abahuza n’aho batabafatira ingingo 3) Igihe bitagenze neza ngo ingorane yanyu itorerwe umuti, iyo ngorane nimuyizane

mw’Ishengero aho abantu bafise impano zitandukanye, ico umwe adashoboye gufasha, uwundi arashobora kugira ico agifashijemwo

4) Igihe ivyo vyose ataco bishitseko, uwo muntu yanse ace yitwa umupagani, ariko Yesu ntiyigeze ashika kuri iyo ntambwe kuko na Yuda ntiyigeze amushikana h’iyo ahubwo we yadusavye gusenga turi hamwe kugira ngo duhabwe : Matayo 18 : 19-20. Yizeye ko mw’Ishengero hariyo abantu bashobora gufasha: 1 Korinto 6 :1

Gutatura amatati ni iki ?

Gutatura amatati ni ukwerekana imizi y’amatati n’ukurondera uburyo bwiza bwo kuyatatura hama hagashirwaho imigenderanire iramye : ikomeye hagati y’abatase.

Ukoresheje intoke zigize ikiganza,ushobora kugira intambwe z’ugutatura amatati.

1) Gahererezi: Bishobotse n’uhore.

2) Gihugu n’ibenga: Vugane kukibazo hama mucumvikane ko hama mushik’aho mubazanya muti ikibazo kirihe vyukuri.

3) Nsumbazose: Fata umwanya wokwiyumvira kugirango ushikire inyishu.

4) Nkomba nkono: Tora inyishu ubona ko ari nziza murizose.Fata ingingo izagutuma abatase bumva ko atawaneshejwe muribo, kandi inyishu yemerwa nabose.

5) Igikumu: Shire mu ngiro iyo nyishu.


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Icigwa ca 1: Uburyo umuntu yifata mw’ishavu

Intumbero : Gusobanura ishavu no kuraba ivyo wokora ushikiwe n’ibigushavuza


Intangamarara y’Umwarimu :

Hariho umwibutsa w-igishinwa uvuga uti: Wihanganye umwanya muto w’ishavu, ushobora gusimba imisi ijana y’umubabaro n’agahinda.

Ishavu ni ikintu gisanzwe co mu buzima bwa misi yose. Naho ari ikintu tubona mu buzima bwa misi yose, kumenya uburyo umuntu aryifatamwo ni ikintu kigoye. Abantu bo mu mico itandukanye berakana ishavu mu buryo butandukanye, ndetse mu mico imwe imwe hoho ni ibiterasoni kwerekana ko ushavuye, ariko ahandi naho ishavu ni ikintu gihuza abantu. Guhitamwo kwerekana canke kuvuga ishavu ryawe bishobora gufasha ku magara y’umuntu. Kwerekana ishavu ryawe bishobora gutuma umuntu ahinduka.

Igikorwa:“Mbega ishavu ni iki ?”

Reka abana berekane ibi bigumbagumba bikurikira bakoresheje mu maso habo n’imibiri yabo: kunezerwa, kuryoherwa, kubabara, gutinya abantu, gushavuzwa.

• Umwigisha abaze abanyeshure ati: None ishavu ni iki? • Mbega ayandi mazina y’ishavu yoba ari ayahe? • Mbega ibigutera gushavura ni ivyahe?

Hariho uburyo butatu dushobora kwifata igihe dufise ishavu: Uburyo bwa 1 : Ishavu risinda : gusohora ishavu ryacu mu buryo butubabaza, bukababaza abandi canke bukonona n’ibintu Uburyo bwa 2 : Ishavu ryugaraniwe mw’icupa : Kwigumizamwo ishavu aho riguma rigwirirana rigahava rikamena icupa Uburyo bwa 3 : Kugira ico ukoze kw’ishavu ryawe : Hariho ibintu vyinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo wigumye mw’ishavu ryawe ntihagire uwo ryononera Ikiganiro:

• Mbega ivyo twoba dukora tukagira inyifato yo mu buryo bwa 1 ni ivyahe?. • Mbega ni ayahe majambo dukoresha akamera nk’ikigwanisho gituritse kikica abantu? • Mbega ni ryari tugira inyifato mw’ishavu ryacu yerekana uburyo bwa 2 ? • Mbega twokora iki kugira ngo tugire ico dukoze kw’ishavu ryacu mu buryo bwa 3 :

! Wogenda gutembera ! Woja gutamba ! Wokina umupira ! Wokwumviriza umuziki ! Ufate incuro cumi zoguhema cane imbere y’uko ugira ico ukoze


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Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Ishavu ni ikintu gisanzwe mu buzima bwacu. Kugira twirinde kugirira nabi abandi, utegerezwa kugenza buhoro mw’ishavu. Hariho uburyo butatu dushobora kwifata igihe dufise ishavu. Wogerageza igihe cose wumva ishavu gukoresha uburyo bugira gatatu, ukaguma wibuka na ntaryo ibintu bitandukanye ushobora gukora kugira ntukore nabi.

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Icigwa ca 2: Uburyo bwo gushikiriza ivyiyumviro – Ugutanga inkuru utavuze

Intumbero : Gutahura uko ukwiye kuvuga.


Intangamarara:

Ugutanga inkuru ni ikintu nkenerwa mu gutatura amatati. Niba abantu babiri badashobora kwumvirizanya ku buryo bose bumva batahuwe, amatati ashobora kuba abatandukanya ntashobora gutorerwa umuti. Ugutanga inkuru neza ntibifasha gusa mu gutorera umuti amatati, biranafasha kandi kugira ngo umuntu akinge amatati. Ukutumvikana kwinshi kuva ku kudatanga inkuru neza no kudashoboa kuvuga neza ico umuntu yipfuza.

Ikiganiro:

Kwumviriza dukoresheje imibiri yacu: Mbega ibikorwa biravuga gusumba amajambo? Niba umuntu yovuga ati: ‘simbabaye’ ariko mu maso hiwe akaba yijiriwe, umunwa wiwe usutuye, womwizera?

Nk’igihe nokwirabira mw’idirisha umuntu ariko aramvugisha turi mu nzu, noba ngomvye kuvuga iki? Uburyo tuvuga dukoresheje umubiri vyitwa ‘Ukuvuga dukoresheje umubiri ‘.

Mbega twerekanisha imibiri yacu gute ko turiko twumviriza umuntu ariko aratuganirira?

Umwigisha arumviriza abanyeshure nawe ace yuhirirako n’ibi vyiyumviro bikurikira:

Ukugene wicaye umuraba, uburyo murabana

Igikorwa:

Korana n’uwo mugenzi mwicaranye, hitamwo uwuvuga n’uwumviriza. Uwuvuga ace avuga ico yakoze kuri uyu wa gatandatu n’uw’Imana uheze. Uwumviriza ace yerekanisha umubiri wiwe ko atariko aramwumviriza namba. Mubigira kumara umunota umwe hamwe muce muhinduranya. Baza abanyeshure uti: Mbega bimeze gute kutumvirizwa. Bakoze iki cabababaje cane?

Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Kenshi amatati ashika kuko hariho ivyo abantu badahurizako. Ikiganiro kirakenewe cane kugira abantu bashobore gutahurana. Mutegerezwa kwama murondera kumenya ivyo mwipfuza kandi mukabimenyesha abandi mu buryo butomoye.


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Icigwa ca 3: Uburyo bwo gushikiriza ivyiyumviro – Ukwumviriza nyakwo

Intumbero : Gukoresha ukwumviriza kwiza


Intangamarara: Mu kiganiro giheze, twigiye hamwe uburyo ukwumviriza n’umubiri ari ivya nkenerwa, ariko hari ho ubundi buryo bwo kwumviriza bwitwa‘ukwumviriza nyakwo’ kugira ngo twerekane y’uko ukwumviriza atari ugutega ugutwi gusa ukumva ivyo bakubwiye, ariko kandi ko utegerezwa no kubitahura ku buryo ushobora kubimusubiriramwo.

Igikorwa c’ukwumviriza:

Hindukirira mugenzawe. Nakubwire ivyo yakoze muri iyi misi irangiza indwi. Mwerekeshe umubiri wawe ko uriko uramwumviriza. Musubiriremwo urabe ko wumvise neza ivyo yavuze mu buryo bw’ibigumbagumba hamwe n’ivyamubayeko.

Muhanahane ijambo: Baza nyene kwumvirizwa niba uwamwumvirije yamukurikiye neza. Basabe baguze, uwari yumvirije nawe yumvirizwe. Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Umwigisha ace asozera avuga ati: ‘Amatati menshi arahera kubera umuntu yumvirijwe neza. Iyo umuntu atahuwe, ico agomba kikamenywa n’uwo bariko baratata, ivyo biratuma haboneka inyishu aho ata wutsinda canke ngo atsindwe’.

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Icigwa ca 4: Uburyo bwo gushikiriza ivyiyumviro – Imvugo ya ‘jewe’

Intumbero : Gutahura imvugo ‘jewe’


Intangamarara:

Mariya na Marita baravukana kandi basangiye icumba. Mariya akunda ko icumba cabo cama gikubuye ariko Marita abona ko hari ibindi yokwitwararika gusumba ivyo gukubura icumba. Ivyo rero vyarashavuje Mariya aca agenda ariruka kurondera Marita aho yariko arirabira Televiziyo. Mariya yariyumviriye cane uburyo abibwira Marita.

Ikiganiro :

Mbega wiyumvira ko Marita yokwishura Mariya gute hamwe yomubwira ati:

‘Uri umunyamwanda! Ni kubera iki udatuganya icumba cacu ‘?

Mbega wiyumvira ko Marita yokwishura Mariya gute hamwe yomubwira ati:

‘Numva mbabaye cane igihe mu cumba cacu ibintu bisanzaye!Biranshavuza igihe mbonye wononye ahantu mu kanya gato nari mpejeje kuhakubura’.

Igikorwa: “Imvugo ya ‘jewe’”

Igihe uri hagati mu matati, urashobora kugomba kuvuga uburyo ubona ibintu. Urashobora kugomba kuvuga ku buryo unashobora kwibagira kwumviriza. Igihe ugomba kuvuga ivyo ubona, ni vyiza ko ubikora ku buryo bakwumva, bagutahura. Igihe wotangura wagiriza abandi bantu ivyo bakugiriye bibi, bizoca bibagora kukwumviriza kuko nabo bazoca bagomba kwiregura. Icotuma womvirwa ni uko wotangura uvuga uko wewe wiyumva gusumba kuvuga ico uwo wundi yakoze canke atakoze. Imvugo ya ‘jewe’ ishobora kuvuga uburyo wiyumva ku vyabaye hamwe n’ico wipfuza ko cohinduka. Ibi rero bigufasha kumvirwa ata muntu wiriwe uregekako amakosa, ukavuga ku ngorane n’ingene wiyumva kubw’iyo ngorane.

Imvugo ya jewe ifise ibihimba bine:

1. Numva………………. (vuga uko wiyumva)

2. Igihe (vuga ikintu gituma wiyumva gutyo)

3. Kubera ko (vuga igituma wiyumva gutyo hamwe n’ingaruka vyakugizeko)

4. Ico nshaka ni ( vuga uko ushaka ko ibintu vyohinduka

Ibuka: Igihe uvuga ivyo ushaka, gerageza wiyumvire ica nkenerwa ico coba ari co, aho kuvuga inyishu yawe.


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Ikiganiro:

Mbega imvugo ya ‘jewe’ Mariya yari gukoresha ni iyahe?

Ashobora kuvuga ati: ‘Numva mbabaye igihe icumba cacu kirimwo akajagari kuko icumba gikubuye ni ingirakamaro kuri jewe. Ico nshaka ni uko tworabira hamwe ico twokora kugira ngo icumba kigume gisa neza.

Marita na we nyene arafise uko abona iyo ngorane y’icumba ciza. Mbega imvugo ya ‘jewe’ nawe yokoresha ni iyahe?

Arashobora kuvuga ati:’ Numva nshavuye igihe ugumye unyagiriza icumba cacu kuko ndagikunda uko kiri’

Igikorwa:

Koresha ‘imvugo ya jewe’ muri aya mungane akurikira:

1. Umunyeshure ari inyuma yawe agutsitayeko kandi nta n’imbabazi agusavye 2. Umugenzi wawe ntagutumiye mu rubanza bafise iwabo ariko atumiye abandi bana bose

mwigana.

Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Uyu musi mwumvise inkuru y’abavukana babiri Mariya na Marita. Muze mwame mwibuka gukoresha imvugo ya « jewe » igihe mufitaniye amatati n’abandi kugira mushobore gushikiriza uko mwiyumva n’ivyo mushaka kugira mushobore gutatura amatati.

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Icigwa ca 5 : Gutora inyishu

Intumbero : Gushira mu ngiro, gutora inyishu zibereye mu matati.


Intangamarara :

Tugiye kwiga uburyo butandukanye bwo gutatura amatati, ariko imbere ya vyose, mbega muribuka za ntambwe zitanu zo gutatura amatati ukoresheje intoke? Umwigisha arasigura izo ntambwe mu kwerekana urutoke rumwe rumwe n’intambwe bijanye.

1) Gahererezi : Bishobotse n’uhore. 2) Gihugu n’ibenga : Vugane ku kibazo hama mucumvikaneko mushik’aho mubazanya muti

ingorane iri he vy’ukuri ? 3) Nsumbazose : Fata umwanya wo kwiyumvira kugirango ushikire inyishu (iyumvire ku nyishu

nyinshi zishoboka). 4) Nkomba nkono : Tora inyishu ubona ko ari nziza muri zose. Fata ingingo iza gutuma abatase

bumva ko atawaneshejwe muri bo kandi inyishu ibe iyemerwa na bose. 5) Igikumu : Shire mu ngiro iyo nyishu.

Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gutatura amatati.

1. Guhana umwanya: umuntu umwe arafata ijambo, ahejeje hakavuga abandi bagenda barakurikirana. 2. Gusabikanya: Guha imigabane ingana abantu bose begwa n’amatati. 3. Gusaba imbabazi: kwemera ko wagize nabi kandi ukemanga ko iryo kosa riri ku gatwe kawe.

Ikiganiro:

Umwigisha aratanga uturorero tw’amatati. Umwigisha aratora umwana umwe canke babiri kugira basigure ingene uburyo bwo gutatura amatati bwokoreshwa.

• Wewe n’umugenzi wawe mushaka gucapa, ariko mufise ikaramu imwe • Mufise ibisuguti 6, ariko muri kumwe n’abagenzi 8 • Umugenzi wawe yakurakaje ariko aho gushira imbere kudakoresha igikenye, uciye umukubita • N’ibindi…

Umwimenyerezo:“Umukino wo kurushanya inkomezi

Tora abana babiri. Babwire gukina umukino wo kurushanya inkomezi hanyuma urabe kangahe umwe aza gutsinda uwundi akagonda ukuboko kwa mugenziwe gushika ashikanye igipfunsi ciwe ku meza. Tora abandi bana bakine uwo mukino nyene.

Umwigisha arabaza ati: “Mbega bigenda gute iyo abantu bafashanije kuronderera inyishu hamwe?” “Mbega iyo umuntu ashatse gutora inyishu wenyene agashaka kw’abandi bananirwa hoho bigenda gute?”

Umwimenyerezo wo gukorera i muhira:

Genda mwitegereze amatati abera mu miryango iwanyu, kw’ishure, kw’ishengero, mu bagenzi, … muzogaruke mutubwira ingene mwafashije abantu gutatura amatati.


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Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Mwarabonye ko hari inyishu zitandukanye ku matati hakaba n’uburyo butandukanye bwo gutatura amatati hadakoreshejwe igikenye. Igihe muri mu matati, mwibuke uburyo 3 twize uyu musi (guhana umwanya, gusabikanya hamwe no gusaba imbabazi).

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Icigwa ca 6 : Gukinga amatati

Intumbero : Gutahura uburyo bwo gukinga amatati.

Ibikoresho : Nta nakimwe

Intangamarara :

Inyishu nziza ku matati idakoresheje igikenye ni iy’igiciro, ariko kandi ni igikoresho co gukinga amatati. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gukinga amatati, nk’akarorero :

• Gushikiriza iciyumviro neza (kwumviriza no kuvuga ikiri ku mutima ata nkomanzi) • Gutunganya no gutorera inyishu ibihuha (Guhinyuza inkuru) • Gukurikirana amatati (Kugira ubone neza ko ayo matati nyene atazosubira) • Gutabaza (Kubwira umuntu akuze igihe ubonye ikintu gishobora gutera amatati)

Ikiganiro :

Kubwira abana ngo bavugane uturorero tw’ibihe bashobora gukinga amatatibakoresheje uburyo butandukanye. Nk’akarorero :

• Gukurikirana : Igihe ndiko ndakina n’abagenzi banje, umugenzi wanje dukundana cane ntashaka ko murumunawe akina hamwe natwe. Uwo muvukanyi wiwe ararira igihe cose mugenzanje amwirukanye ngo ntakine hamwe na twe. Kugira nkinge ayo matati muri kazoza, nzovugana na mugenzanje ndamwumvishe ko yoreka mwenewabo akaza arakina hamwe na twe rimwe rimwe.

• Gutabaza : Narabonye abahungu barakara iyo turi mu karuhuko kw’ishure. Naciye ndabibarira umwigisha aca araza avugana na bo imbere y’uko batangura kurwana.

Umwimenyerezo : “Agakino k’iterefone (inyifato mu gihe c’ibihuha)”

1. Abana bicara ku murongo (n’imiburiburi abana 10) 2. Umwigisha aravuga yongorera mu gutwi kw’umwana ari ku mpera y’umurongo. 3. Uwo mwana arongorera mu gutwi uwundi mwana ivyo umwigisha yamubwiye, gurtyo, gurtyo. 4. Iryo ryungane barivuga rimwe gusa. Nta kurisubiramwo. 5. Umwana wese aravuga ivyo yumvise. 6. Umwana wa nyuma aravuga n’ijwi ryumvikana ivyo yumvise, n’umwana wa mbere na we

nyene akavuga ivyo yumvise kugira habe kugereranya ayo mungane abiri. 7. Abana barashobora gukoresha ayandi mungane kugira babandanye uwo mwimenyerezo.

Ikiganiro (Guhanahana ijambo):

• Mbega iyo wumvise igihuha, umenya gute kw’ari ukuri canke kw’atari ukuri. • Mbega vyoba bimaze gushika bakavuga ibihuha kuri wewe ? • Mbega wumvise umerewe gute igihe wumvise abantu bakuvugako ibintu atari ivy’ukuri ? • Mbega vyaravyuye amatati ? • Mbega wavyifashemwo gute?


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Iyo abantu bumvise ikintu bakaguma bakivuga bisubiriza batarahinyuza kw’ari ic’ukuri, kenshi inkuru irahinduka ugasanga nta kuri kukirimwo. Uburyo nyabwo bwo gukinga amatati ni ukwinengesera ibihuha.

Amajambo yo kurangirizako :

Mu ntumbero yo gutatura amatati hadakoreshejwe igikenye, intambwe ya mbere imisi yose ni gukinga amatati. Mwebwe nk’abaremesha amahoro, murashobora gukinga amatati hakoreshejwe gushikiriza ivyiyumviro neza, inyifato hamwe no gutorera inyishuibihuha, gukurikirana amatati hamwe no gutabaza. Mwibuke gusuzuma imicungararo y’aho mubaye no kumenya neza imice mushobora gufashamwo mu gukinga amatati.

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Icigwa ca 7 : Ubutungane busanasana

Intumbero : Gutegera ubudasa buri hagati y’ubutungane buhana n’ubutungane busanasana mu gutorera inyishu amatati hakoreshejwe ubutungane busanasana.

Ibikoresho : Ikibaho, ingwa, urupapuro, ikaramu

Intangamarara :

Kenshi, iyo umuntu akoreye ikibi uwundi, ahanwa hisunzwe ubutungane buhana. Nk’akarorero, umwana yivye imbombo mw’iduka, umudandaza amufashe aramukubita. Ubutungane busanasana ni iyindi nyifato itandukanye ku kibi cakozwe. Aho gukubita umwana yivye, umudandaza yobwira uwo mwana akamufasha udukorwa kanaka dukwiranye n’igiciro c’ivyo yivye. Ubutungane busanasana bushira imbere imigeneranire myiza hagati y’abakorewe inabi, ababagiriye nabi hamwe n’ikibano, ntibwihutira guhana gusa uwakoze inabi.

Umwigisha arimura ku kibaho iki gicapo gikurikira agasigura ubudasa buri hagati y’ubutungane buhana n’ubutungane busanasana :

Ubutungane buhana Ubutungane busanasana

Ivyiyumviro shimikiro vy’ubutungane buhana:

- Icaha nticubahiriza ubutungane n’amategeko y’igihugu

- Kurenga amategeko bizana kwagirwa n’icaha

- Ubutungane butegekanya ko Leta yerekana icaha kijanye no kurenga itegeko kanaka igategekanya n’igihano

- Ico bushimikirako: inkozi z’ikibi zironka

ibihano bikwiranye.

Ivyiyumviro shimikiro vy’ubutungane busanasana:

- Icaha nticubahiriza abantu n’imigenderanire

- Kutubahiriza amategeko bituma umuntu agira ikintu ategerezwa gukora

- Ubutungane butuma abagiriwe nabi, inkozi z’ikibi n’abagize ikibano baja hamwe mu ntumbero yo gushira inguvu hamwe ngo basanasane ivyononekaye

- Ico bushimikirako : Ivyo uwakorewe inabi akeneye n’ivy’uwakoze ikibi ategerezwa gukora.

Ibibazo bibazwa Ibibazo bibazwa

! Itegeko ryarenzwe ni irihe? ! Ni nde yabikoze? ! Akwiye kugirirwa gute?

! Ni nde yarenganijwe? ! Ibikenewe ni ibiki? ! Ivyo ni nde ategerezwa kubikora?

Igikorwa : “Agakino kerekana amarushwa n’amahirwe”

1. Gabura abana mu migwi mitomito 2. Andika ivyiyumviro mfashagutahura (raba urutonde rukurikira canke wongereko n’ibindi, abana na bo

nyene barashobora kuzana udukino mfashagutahura) ku kamanyu k’urupapuro uce ugaha umugwi umw’umwe wose.


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3. Abana baratunganya udukino tubiri ; kamwe kerekana inyifato itabereye n’akandi kerekana inyifato ikurijije ubutungane busanasana. a. Uri umwigisha ariko umwe mu banyeshure bawe abandanya agora abandi banyeshure ababuza

gukurikira, wokora iki? b. Murumunawe ashavura ningoga agaca ashaka ko mworwana. Mbega ugira inyifato iyihe? c. Umuntu yakwiragije ibihuha bitari ivy’ukuri ku muryango wawe kandi ukaba waramenye

uwabikwiragije. Mbega uca uvyifatamwo gute? d. Uri umuvyeyi ukaba ufise abana babiri bama bararwana imisi yose, uca ukora iki ? e. Ubonye umwana ariko aratera ubwoba uwundi mwana mutoya. Mbega uca ukora iki?

4. Inyuma y’umurwi wose, wosaba abana bose kwishura ibi bibazo : a. Mbega mu gakino kamwe kamwe igihano cabaye ikihe? b. Mbega abakinyi batahura iki ku gihano cagiye kiratangwa?

Kuganira (guhanahana ivyiyumviro):

• Mbega n’ubuhe budasa mwabonye hagati y’udukino twerekanye inyifato y’ubutungane buhana n’udukino twerekana inyifato y’ubutungane busanasana?

• Mbega mubona ubutungane busanasana bworoshe canke bugoye mugereranijen’ubutungane buhana? Kubera iki?

• Mbega mu butungane buhana ni nde ashimikirwako? (Uwakoze inabi na Leta/abakuru); Ubutungane busanasana bwo bushimikiye kuri nde? (Uwakoze inabi na Leta/abakuru, uwakorewe inabi n’ikibano); Ni iyihe nyishu mwiyumvira ko ishobora kumara igihe kirekire?

Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Muri rusangi, ubutungane busanasana bufata umwanya muremure kandi buragoye ugereranije n’ubutungane buhana, ariko ni intambwe ihambaye mu nzira yo kunywana. Nk’indemesha z’amahoro, murashobora gufasha mu kibano iwanyu gukira ibikomere mu kubafasha gushira imbere ubutungane busanasana bugarukana kwizerana hamwe n’imigenderanire myiza.

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Icigwa ca 8 : Gushika ku co wipfuza udakoresheje igikenye

Intumbero : Gutegera insobanuro yo gushika ku co wipfuza udakoresheje igikenye n’uturorero tw’ivyabaye muri kahise k’isi.


Intangamarara :

Gushika ku co wipfuza udakoresheje igikenye ni iki? Gushika ku co wipfuza udakoresheje igikenye ni inyifato y’umuntu imutuma yanka kugirira nabi abandi kandi ikaba n’ingendo yo kuzana ihinduka mu mibano biciye mu guhindura amatati no gushira imbere kubana mu mahoro.Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gushikira ico umuntu yipfuza hadakoreshejwe igikenye bukoreshwa nk’inyishu ku karenganyo.

Uburyo bumwe bumwe bwo gushikira ico wipfuza udakoresheje igikenye n’ubu:

• Urugendo/imyiyerekano (Ni umurwi munini w’abantu, bagira urugendo mw’ikoraniro ry’abantu, bafise ubutumwa butomoye bwo kwiyamiriza akarenganyo.)

• Yegereyegere y’abanyeshure (Guhamagarira abanyeshure gusiba mw’ishure kugira habe ihindurwa ry’ingingo kanaka y’ishure.)

• Udukino/indirimbo (Kugira udukino canke kuririmba indirimbo mw’ikoranirory’abantu kugira batume abantu babona akarenganyo kariko karakorwa.)

• Yegereyegere ku kazi (Guhamagarira abakozi gusiba ku mirimo kugira habe akarusho mu kazi kabo) • Ivyete vyuguruye (Kwandikira icete uwuserukira Leta bamusaba ko hoba ihindurwa ry’ingingo kanaka

bijanye n’ibihe no kurondera abantu bashigikira ico ciyumviro mu gushira umukono kuri urwo rwandiko ngo berekane ko bagishigikiye ari benshi.)

• Umugararizo w’abanyagihugu ( Kwanka kwubahiriza amategeko amw’amwe atuma haba akarenganyo) • Kwugariza (Gushwara ikibanza kiri ahantu habona, bakicara, bakabikora nk’umwiyerekano.)

Agakorwa: Ivyabaye muri kahise bijanye no kudakoresha igikenye

Guhitamwo inkuru basoma muri zitatu bivanye n’umwanya mufise. Umwigisha arashobora gusoma inkuru canke agatora abana basoma.

1) Mohanda Gandi

Mohanda Gandi yavukiye mu gihugu c’Ubuhindi mu mwaka w’1869. Yari umutware ahambaye mu bijanye na politike n’idini mu Buhindi, no mu mugwi waharanira ukwikukira kw’Ubuhindi. Yabaye uwa mbere n’umuhinga mu gutunganya ivyiyumviro vyo guhamagarira abanyagihugu kuja hamwe ngo biyamirize amategeko abakandamiza, bishimikiye ku kudakoresha igikenye, vyashikanye Ubuhindi ku kwikukira, vyongera bituma imigwi myinshi iharanira ubwigenge n’ubutungane ivuka hirya no hino kw’isi.

Akiri muto, Gandi yabayeho ari umwana ataco yitaho. Yubatse afise imyaka 13 yubakana n’umukobwa afise imyaka nk’iyo nyene. Se wiwe amaze gupfa, yagiye kwiga ivy’ubucamanza mu gihugu c’Ubwongereza. Gandi yaciye aja gukora mu gihugu ca Afrika y’Epfo akorera ishirahamwe ry’Abahindi. Ico gihe, amaze kubona ingene hari amacakubiri afatiye ku rukoba (bita apartheid=aparitayidi), aca atangura kwitaho ibijanye na politike. Yaciye atangura gukora cane arwanirira Abahindi ngo agateka kabo kubahirizwe, bashobore kuronswa


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ikibanza kibakwiye mu mabanga y’igihugu, ni ho yakoresha ubwa mbere ivyiyumviro vyo kugararizakw’abanyagihugu mu mutekano.

Amaze gusubira mu Buhindi, Gandi yaciye akoranya abatunzi bafise amatongo manini manini hamwe n’abakozi b’abakene kugira biyamirize amakori y’umurengera n’ugukumirana bikabije yongera ahamagarira abenegihugu kurwanya bivuye inyuma amategeko abakandamiza yari yashizweho n’Abongereza.

Gandi yarongoye aba Hindu mu gihe c’intibagiranwa c’aho bagararije ikori batangishwa ku munyu aho bagize imyiyerekano bise urugendo rw’umunyu rw’ibirometero 400 mu mwaka w’1930. Abongereza, ari bo bakoronije Ubuhindi, bari barabujije Abahindi gucukura no kudandaza umunyu bategeka Abahindi kugura umunyu uva mu gihugu c’Ubwongereza ku giciro kinini cadugijwe n’amakori.Abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi barakurikiye Gandi mu rugendo rwabashikanye ku kiyaga kinini ca Arabiya kugira bacukure umunyu mu mazi yo muri ico kiyaga. Mu nyuma y’aho gato, amamiriyoni y’abantu baciye baja mu mugararizo mu gihugu cose, abantu barenga 60.000 bashirwa mw’ibohero kuko bagize imyiyerekano. Ukwo kugarariza ni kwo kwuguruye inzira y’ukwikukira kw’Ubuhindi, aho igihugu c’Ubwongereza cahavuye gitanga ukwikukira mu mwaka w’1947.

2) Roza Parks

Roza Parks yavukiye muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu mwaka w’1913. Yamenyekanye cane mu mwaka w’1955, kuko ari we yatanguje urugamba rwo kungana hagati y’abazungu n’abandi bantu bafise urukoba rutandukanye n’urwabo muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Roza Parks ni imfura mu bana babiri. Se wiwe yari umubaji, nyina na we umwigisha ari na we yamwigishirije muhira gushika amaze imyaka icumi n’umwe. Munyuma yagiye kwiga mw’ishure rya Montagomeri (Montgomery Industrial School), ishure ryari ryashinzwe n’imiryango y’abazungu bo gice c’uburaruko kugira ryigemwo abana b’abirabure. Iryo shure ryaturiwe kabiri kose n’abo mu murwi Ku Klux Klan, umurwi w’intagondwa z’abazungu ushingiye kw’ivanguramoko rifatiye ku rukoba bakorera ububisha abantu b’urukoba rutandukanye n’urwabo muri ico gihugu.Mu nyuma yagiye kwiga mw’ishure rikuru ritegura abigisha b’abirabure muri Leta ya Alabama. Imisi yose mu gitondo, yama atonda kw’ishure n’amaguru kuko, nk’ukw’amategeko bise Jim Crow yabitegekanya, abanyeshure b’abirabure nta ruhusha bari bafise rwo kugendera mu modokari yunguruza abanyeshure mu ma Leta yo mu maj’epfo ya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika.

Kw’igenekerezo rya mbere Kigarama mu mwaka w’1955, amaze imyaka 42, avuye ku kazi kiwe ka misi yose ko kubarira, Roza yuriye imodokari yunguruza abatu (bisi) kugira atahe muhira iwe. Yicaye hagati muri bisi, mu kibanza cagenewe abazungu ariko we akaba yari umwirabure. Hambavu yiwe hari izindi ngenzi zitatu, na bo nyene b’abirabure. Umuzungu yinjiye muri iyo modokari, umushoferi asaba Roza na bagenzi biwe ko bova muri ivyo bibanza bakabisa uwo muzungu. Amategeko y’ico gihe yategekanya ko abirabure bashobora kugendera inyuma mu bibanza vyabategekanirijwe. Abandi birabure batatu barubahirije amategeko y’umushoferi, ariko Roza aranka kuva muri ico kibanza.

Umushoferi yaciye ahamagara igipolisi cakorera aho hantu. Roza Parks baca baramufata. Bamuciriye urubanza bamuhanisha ihadabu y’amadorari 15 na we aravyanka yunguruza urubanza. Umusi wo kurenguka imbere y’intahe, kw’igenekerezo rya 5 Kigarama 1955, abirabure baciye bafata ingingo yo kudasubira kugendera mu ma bisi y’I Montagomeri basaba ko hoba ubutungane kuri bose. Kw’isonga ry’abagize iyo myiyerekano hari Martin Luther King, yari umu pasitori akiri muto w’imyaka 26. Abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi baranse kwinjira mu mabisi kumara imisi 381, bemera kugenda ku kazi kabo


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n’amaguru canke bakunguruzanya mu miduga yabo canke bagafata amatagisi.Ukudakoresha igikenye kwa Roza Parks kwatumye muri Leta zunze Ubumwe havuka imigwi iharanira kw’abenegihugu bose bubahirizwa mu gateka kabo.

3) Imigumuko y’i Soweto

Kw’igenekerezo rya 16 Ruheshi mu mwaka w’1976 i Soweto muri Afrika y’epfo, abana bari hagati y’10.000 na 20.000 barihaye amabarabara biyamiriza itegeko ryashinga ko ururimi rw’iki Afrikaans ari rwo ruzohora rukoreshwa mu mashure. Umwe mu banyeshure, uwitwa Teboho Mohapi, yavuze ati : « Ubutegetsi bwabonye turiko turasohoka tuva mw’ishure, bugerageza kutubuza, natwe turababwira duti ‘Rindire, uyu musi n’uwacu’ »Kari akaryo ku runganwe rumaze gufata umwanzuro wo guha ishusho kazoza kabo, ko gushira ku mugaragaro ivyo banezererewe ben’akarangamutima kabo. Imyiyerekano yarangijwe n’uko abapolisi batanguye kurasa mu bana. Abana barenga 1.000 barakomerekejwe n’amasasu, umwana yitwa Hector Peterson, umunyeshure w’imyaka 13 wo kw’ishure rya Orlando West, ni we yabaye uwa mbere mu kuhasiga ubuzima.

N’aho iyo myiyerekano y’abanyeshure yaheze hari abishwe, vyaratumye amakungu atera ivyatsi intwaro y’agahotoro ya Afrika y’epfo. Ama Leta n’imigwi itandukanye kw’isi yose vyaciye bitangura kugondoza leta ngw’ihagarike intwaro y’agahotoro. Amashure yaciye aronka uburenganzira bwo kwihitiramwo ururimi bakoresha mu mashure yabo.

Ikiganiro (guhanahana ivyiyumviro)

• Ubwoko bw’akarenganyo bwabaye muri kahise ni ubuhe ? • N’ubuhe buryo bwo gushika kuc’umuntu yipfuza hadakoreshejwe igikenye bwakoreshejwe muri kahise ? • Mbega barashoboye kugira ico bashitseko bakoresheje uburyo bwo gushika ku co bipfuza badakoresheje

igikenye ? • Murashobora kwiyumvira akarorero k’akarenganyo aho mwoshobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gushika ku

co mwipfuza mudakoresheje igikenye muhira iwanyu, kw’ishengero, mu kibano, mu Burundi ?(Abana babishatse, barashobora kugira udukino tugufi berekana akarorero k’ingene boshika ku co bipfuza badakoresheje igikenye.)

• Gandi yavuze ati « Nimba dushaka kuronka amahoro nyakuri, dutegerezwa guhera ku bana ». Mwiyumvira kw’ari ukuri ? Kuber’iki ?


Gushika ku co wipfuza udakoresheje igikenye ni uburyo bwo gutorera inyishu akarenganyo utagiriye nabi uwundi. Ubwo buryo buratera intege abantu mu guhamagarira imigwi y’abantu kurwanya akarenganyo mu buryo butandukanye badakoresheje igikenye. Ugutegera kudakoresha igikenye bidufasha gutatura amatati ata nguvu zikoreshejwe.


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Igice ca 5: Agateka k’abana “Igiti kigororwa kikiri gito”.

Icigwa ca 1: Agateka k’abana

Intumbero : Gutegera kw’ari nkenerwa ko agateka k’abana kubahirizwa mu gihugu kiri mu ngwano

Ibikoresho : Ikibaho, ingwa, ibipapuro binini, amakaramu.

Intangamarara y’umwigisha:

Birakenewe guha abana akanya keza ko kwiga no gushira mu ngiro agateka kabo mu ntumbero yo gukingira abana no kubigisha ingene bokurana umutima runtu kugira habe akarusho mu mibano muri kazoza.

Ng’utu uturorero tw’agateka k’abana:

Umwana afise uburenganzira bwo:

- Gukundwa no gukingirwa - Kuronka imfungurwa zikwiye - Kuvuzwa - Kwiga gusoma - Kugira ubwigenge mu vyiyumviro - Kubaho mu mahoro - Gukora ibikorwa bijanye no kwinonora imitsi, n’ibikorwa ndangakaranga, n’umuziki, … - N’ibindi vyinshi…

Intangamarara:

Umwigisha abaze ati: Mbega mwiyumvira ko uburenganzira bwanyu ari ubwahe?

Abanyeshure nka batanu canke batandatu baratanga inyishu zabo, bo nyene bagende baziyandikire ku kibaho, igihe bariko basa n’abuzuza iri ryungane ngo: mfise uburenganzira ku…………… Abanditse bose boguma imbere bagaca basomera abandi n’ijwi ryumvikana ivyo banditse. Umwigisha ntiyogira ico abivuzeko ngo abihakane canke avyemeze. Barangije, umwigisha yovuga ati: ng’ubu rero uburenganzira bwanyu, akanaraba ko ata bintu nyamukuru bibagiye akavyongeramwo. Nk’akarorero: Urukundo, izina, ukwiga, ibifungurwa, amagara meza, umwidegemvyo, Umwigisha yoca asaba abanyeshure kugira umwimenyerezo bakoresheje iri ryungane bati: ‘ndafise uburenganzira bwo…………………………………………………..” Umwigisha aributsa abana ati: «Ariko abana ntibafise uburenganzira bwose kuko mudafise uburenganzira bwo gukubita canke bwo kugirira nabi abandi”.

Igikorwa: “Uburenganzira ku bintu vya nkenerwa umuntu atokwirengagiza”

Gabura abanyeshure mu migwi y’abantu bane bane. Umugwi uwo ari wo wose uronke igipapuro kinini hanyuma abo bantu bose uko ari bane bacapure umuntu hagati y’urwo rupapuro bace bandika impande bati: ‘ko ndi umuntu, ndakwiriye………….”


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Umwe wese muri abo bane ace afata isonga ry’urwo rupapuro ace yandika ho miburi buri ibintu bitatu yiyumvira ko umuntu akwiriye. Umwe wese ace asoma ivyo yanditse, umwigisha ace avyandika ku kibaho. Amaze kwandika ivyo, yongere yandike amajambo: Rimwe rimwe, Kenshi, Imisi yose… Hanyuma ace abaza ati: ‘Mbega………………………… (urukundo nk’akarorero) rukenerwa rimwe rimwe, kenshi canke imisi yose? Niba abanyeshure bose bemeje ko abantu bakeneye urukundo imisi yose, urukundo ruca ruba ica nkenerwa umuntu atokwirengagiza.

Umwimenyerezo: “Twihweze ibiba”

1. Ni mwandike ku bipapuro uburenganzira butandukanye nk’uko twabubonye aho hejuru (uburenganzira bumwe ku gipapuro cose).

2. Guha igipapuro umwana wese (n’imiburiburi abana 8) 3. Umwigisha canke umwe mu bana arasoma n’ijwi rirenga umwihwezo w’ivyabaye mu gihe kanaka,

kabiri canke gatatu bibaye nkenerwa, agasaba abandi bana kuza guhagarara hambavu yiwe, mu gihe boba biyumvira ko uburenganzira buri ku gipapuro bafise mu ntoke bwoba butubahirijwe mu nkuru bahejeje kwumva.

4. Yobwira abana ngo bagume aho bari akagerageza gukaburira abana bo mw’ishure ryiwe kwishura ibibazo bikurikira, nk’akarorero: - Mbega mwoba mwumvise uturorero tw’aho agateka katubahirijwe muri uwo mwihwezo

w’ivyabaye? N’utuhe? - Mbega muri iyo nkuru duhejeje kwumva, umwana yoba yari umuhungu canke umukobwa? Mbega

ivyo biratuma haba itandukaniro? Kubera iki? - Mbega umwana amerewe gurtyo yofashwa gute?

5. Umwigisha yoha ibipapuro abana batandukanye agasubiramwo za ntambuko akoresheje imyihwezo y’ibiba isigaye.

Umwihwezo w’ibiba wa 1:

Nitwa Kirisina nkaba mfise imyaka 10. Data yama ataha mw’ijoro bwije cane. Iyo aje yanyoye, ashika akubita mama akanamutuka. Iyo ngerageje kumukimbukira, na jewe aca ankubita. Sinshobora kumubwira uburyo niyumvira ibintu kuko aca avuga ko ari we ari umukuru. Avuga ko jewe ata burenganzira mfise bwo kuvuga ico niyumvira ku bintu bitandaba. Nibaza ko yihenda. Ibiba vyose birandaba, kuko adutera ingorane twese, mama na jewe nyene. Nama nshavuye iyo ari i muhira. Nama mbabaye. Ni nashikana imyaka 13 nzoca mpunga. Ntazosubirakumbona.


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Amajambo yo kurangirizakozako:

Umwigisha yosozera avuga ko amatati/intambara ari vyo bizana canke bitera ukubura ivya nkenerwa mu buzima bw’umuntu. Boherahereza kuri uyu mwimenyerezo: Umwigisha atangure ati:’ Iyumvire ko wewe ata bwoba ufise kandi ushobora gukora ico ushaka cose.

• Mbega wokora iki kugira ngo habe imigenderanire myiza mu kibano? • Mbega wokora iki kugira ngo uburenganzira ku bintu vya nkenerwa ku bantu bamwe bamwe

bwubahirizwe?

“Ni nkenerwa kwibuka uburenganzira bwanyu no kwubahiriza uburenganzira bw’abandi”.

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Umwihwezo w’ibiba wa 2 :

Nitwa Ema, mfise imyaka 8. Mbana n’abavyeyi banje, bakurwanje 5 na basazanje 4 mw’ikambi y’impunzi. Imvura yarataze, ibiterwa vyose vyarumye. N’ukuvuga ko ata mazi ahari kandi nta n’imfungurwa zihari. Abantu barashonje. Abana bararwaye kandi barapfa cane. Ikiza gisongera isibe, hari indwano. Benshi mu bagenzi banje n’ab’abavyeyi banje barishwe. Data yambwiye ko ibindi bihugu biturungikira ibifungurwa, ariko abantu bitwaje ibirwanisho baravyiba bakabigurisha imbere y’uko bidushikira. Abo bantu baradusanga no mu makambi bakadukubagura. Baradutwaye ibifungurwa, impuzu, n’ibindi vyose. Basazanje na jewe nyene twaragiye ku bitaro, ariko abaganga n’abaforoma ntibaronse umwanya wo kutwitwararika kuko bari bafise abakomeretse cane benshi bategerezwa kuvura.

Umwihwezo w’ibiba wa 3 :

Nitwa Yakobo mfise imyaka 7. Mba mu gisagara kinini. Twe na mushikanje ntidufise aho tuba, twirirwa turayerera mw’ibarabara. Abavyeyi banje batubwiye ko dukenye cane, ko dutegerezwa kwironderera ubuzima. Jewe namaze igihe ndandaza ibiyoba ariko mushikanje we ntiyabishobora kuko yari akiri muto cane. Yategerezwa kuguma wenyene umusi wose, ni co catumye mpeba akazi kanje. Ikintu conyene dushobora gukora mw’ibarabara ni gusega no kwiba. Tudakoze uko ntitwofungura kandi ntitwobaho. Ariko jeho noshobora kubaho kuko ndamfise inguvu kandi ndi n’abagenzi. Turi 20. Umukuru muri twese afise imyaka 12. Iyo hageze mw’ijoro, turyama mu kigangara, twenyene hamwe n’imbeba. Ariko ndafise impungenge kubwa mushikanje. Igihe abapolisi bodufata, bazoca badutandukanya. Muri ico gihe nta muryango mushikanje azoba agifise.!


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Icigwa ca 2 : Uburenganzira bw’umuntu n’ivy’ategerezwa gukora

Intumbero : Gutegera isano riri hagati y’uburenganzira bw’umuntu n’ivyo ategerezwa gukora

Ibikoresho : Impapuro, amakaramu

Intangamarara :

« Mu cigwa giheruka, mwarashoboye kwerekana uburenganzira bwanyu. Mbega mwoba mwibuka uburenganzira bwanyu ? » Abana baratanga inyishu. « Mbega uburenganzira burafitaniye isano n’ivyo umuntu ategerezwa gukora ? Nimba inyishu ari ‘ego’, iryo sano ni irihe?» Nk’akarorero : Ndafise uburenganzira bo kwiga kandi ndategerezwa gushika kw’ishure ntacerewe. Ndafise uburenganzira bwo kuvuga ivyo niyumvira kandi ndategerezwa kwumviriza ivyiyumviro vya bagenzanje.

Agakorwa :

1. Abana baragira imigwi ya banebane, umwigisha agaca abaha impapuro. Baca bandika uburenganzira bwose biyumvira ko bafise (ku rupapuro rwose bandika uburenganzira bumwe) bakandika n’ivyo bategerezwa gukora kijanye n’ubwo burenganzira (Ku rupapuro rwose bandika ico bategerezwa gukora kimwe).

2. Umurwi wose uravangavanga impapuro z’uburenganzira n’ivyo bategerezwa bagaca baguza n’uwundi murwi. Abana baca bafashanya kuvangura impapuro ziriko uburenganzira n’iziriko ivyo bategerezwa gukora. Igikorwa cabo kirangiye, baraheza bagasaba uwundi murwi guhinyuza ivyo bakoze.

Guhanahana ivyiyumviro:

• Mbega hari imigwi imwe imwe yoba yavuze uburenganzira mutari mwiyumviriye mu murwi iwanyu ? Mbega hariho uburenganzira mutemera?

• Mbega vyari vyaboroheye canke vyabagumiye gutora ibitegerezwa gukorwa bihuye n’uburenganzira butandukanye ?

• Mbega mwiyumvira ko amategeko atari make yo kw’ishure, muhira canke aho mubaye yoba ahari kugira akingire uburenganzira bwanyu canke kw’ariho kugira mukore neza ivyo mutegerezwa (canke hoba hariho uburinganire muri vyo)?

Amajambo yo guherezako:

Duhejeje kwiga ingene uburenganzira bufitaniye isano n’ivyo dutegerezwa gukora. Muntu wese arafise uburenganzira kandi ubwo burenganzira bugendana n’ivyo ategerezwa gukora. Igihe cose mwiyumviriye ku burenganzira bwanyu mutegerezwa no kwiyumvira ku vyo mutegerezwa gukora bijanye n’ubwo burenganzira. Gushira mu ngiro neza ivyo mutegerezwa ni intambwe nyamukuru yo kuba umurongozi mwiza. Ivyo ni vyo tuzoganira mu cigwa kizokurikira.


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Igice ca 6: Uburongozi « Ubugabo si urucumu ».

Intumbero: Mu mpera z’iki cigwa, abanyeshure bazoronka ubuhinga butandukanye

bubatuma baba kandi bazoba muri kazoza abarongozi beza b’ubuzima bwabo hamwe n’abarongozi beza mu yandi mabanga yose bazoshingwa.

Ibikoresho : Ikibaho, ingwa

Intangamarara : Umuremeshakiyago arabaza ati: « Mbega tuvuze uburongozi muca mwumva iki ? » Umwana umwe canke babiri baratanga inyishu. Uburongozi ni inyifato y’umuntu mugihe arongoye ibikorwa vy’umurwi kugirengo bashikire intumbero imwe. Umuremeshakiyago arabaza ati: « Mbega umurongozi mwiza afise uburanga ubuhe ? » Abana barishura hama umuremeshakiyago akandika ku kibaho.

• Akorana neza n’abandi • Asangira n’abandi • Arashika aho ahuza n’abandi • Arihangana gushika ashitse ku kintu • Umwizigirwa • Yihanaganira abandi • Arihangana • Arumviriza • Ashaka gukorera abandi • Yiyumvira ku bandi

Imyimenyerezo:

1) Saba umunyeshure wese yidondore. Izina, umutumba avako, ishure yiga

2) Abanyeshure babiri babiri barabane. Umwe wese amare iminota ibiri abwira mugenziwe ibintu vyiza yiyiziko akora. Amare iyo minota ibiri avuga, hamwe ataronse ivyo avuga, bose bahore. Iyo minota ibiri iheze, bahinduranye

3) Saba abanyeshure umwe wese avuge uburyo acagura impuzu canke ibirato yambara ku musi w’Imana agiye mu misa. Mbega niwe avyihitiramwo canke ni abavyeyi canke bakuru we babimuhitiramwo?

Guhanahana ivyiyumviro: Kuri iyi myimenyerezo yose, umwigisha asabe abanyeshure guhanahana ivyiyumviro vy’ukugene biyumvise mu myimenyerezo, ace abaza ati: Mbega igihe havuzwe ijambo umurongozi wewe wumva iki? Abanyeshure baratanga ivyiyumviro vyabo, hanyuma umwigisha yegeranye ivyo vyiyumviro ace atanga insiguro y’umurongozi afatiye ku vyo abanyeshure bashikirije.


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Bamaze guheza ivyo, umwigisha ace abaza ati: ‘Dondagura abarongozi mwoba muzi bazwi cane haba ng’aha mu Burundi canke no mu makungu. Abanyeshure barabadondagura, hanyuma umwigisha aze guca yegeranya ivyiyumviro vyabo ashimikire cane kuri ba Rwagasore, ba Ndadaye, Neslon Mandela hamwe na Martin Luther King, ababwire abo ari bo hamwe n’ico bamaze muri kahise kabo, bace barabira hamwe ibiranga umurongozi mwiza: ubwizigirwa, ukurondera ko ibintu bimera neza, n’ibindi……. Imyimenyerezo yo kurangiza:

a) Hamagarira abanyeshure gukina agakino kerekana uburongozi bwiza. Uko bigenda: Shira hasi mw’ishure ibipapuro vy’ibimenyeshamakuru bitari bike. Ririmba akaririmbo hanyuma abanyeshure batambe bakikuza ivyo bipapuro. Uhagaritse ako karirimbo, abanyeshure bose bategerezwa guca barondera aho bahagarara ku gipapuro. Subiramwo urwo ruririmbo basubire gutamba hirya no hino y’izo mpapuro ariko uze urakuramwo zibiri zibiri uko basubiramwo. Abanyeshure bategerezwa kuraba ko bose baronse aho bahagarara ku rupapuro, atari uko bose baravako canke barasohoka. Raba uwo munyeshure ariko arafasha kugira ngo bose baronke aho bahagarara. Mu nyuma, ganire kuri ivyo vyiyumviro uwo munyeshure yazanye kugira ngo bose baronke aho bahagarara.

b) Gufata ingigo nziza

Mwariko muragenda kw’ishure muri abana icumi, hanyuma imvura ica iragwa ari nyinshi. Muriko muriruka ngo imvura ntibanyagire, umwe muri mwebwe yaciye ahura n’ikinga riramugonga rica riguma ryibandaniriza. None wewe nk’umukuru w’uwo mugwi uca ubigenza gute? Umwe umwe afate iminota itanu yiyumvire hanyuma muce muhanahana ivyiyumviro.

c) Ndafise indoto

Umwigisha canke umwana arasoma aya majambo yavuye mw’ijambo ryashikirijwe na Martin Luther King, Jr. Mu gihugu ca Leta zunze Ubumwe, kw’igenekerezo rya 28 myandagaro 1963.

« Ndababwiye uyu musi, bagenzi, ko n’aho muri iki gihe turi mu ngorane no mu bintu bibabaje, ndafise indoto. Ni indoto ishinze imizi ishika kure cane mu ndoto ya Amerika.

Ndafise indoto – ko umusi umwe, iri hanga rizohaguruka rikabaho ryisunze insiguro nyayo y’ivyo ryemeza: « Dufata ko aya majambo atomoye, ko abantu bavuka bangana ».

Ndafise indoto –ko umusi umwe, ku mitumba y’agataka ya Jeorjia, abana b’abahoze ari abaja n’abana b’abahoze ari ba shebuja babo bazokwicarana ku meza y’ubuvandimwe.

Ndafise indoto – ko umusi umwe, mbere no muri Leta ya Mississipi, ubugaragwa bw’akarenganyo, buzohinduka igihugu ciza c’umwidegemvyo n’ubutungane.

Ndafise indoto – ko abana banje bane igihe kimwe bazoba mw’ihanga aho batazobarabira ku rukoba, ariko bazobarabira ku nyifato yabo.

Ndafise indoto uyu musi.


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Ndafise indoto – ko umusi umwe Leta ya Alabama, aho umuburamatari ahari avuga ivyo gushinga uburimbi no guhindura ubusa, kizohinduka ikibanza aho utwana tw’abirabure tuzofatana amaboko n’utwana tw’abazungu bagatambukira hamwe nk’abavukana.

Ndafise indoto uyu musi.

Ndafise indoto – ko umusi umwe, akabande kose kazoduzwa, umutumba wose n’umusozi wose bizoringanizwa, ahari ibidunduri hazosenwa n’amayira yose y’inzinguzingu azotumberezwa, icubahiro c’Imana kizoboneka, kandi abantu bose hamwe bazobubona. »

Ikiganiro (guhanahana ivyiyumviro)

• Indoto yawe ku Burundi ni iyihe? • Indoto yawe kuri kazoza kawe ni iyihe?


Murahejeje kwiga ivyiyumviro bimwe bimwe bijanye n’uburongozi. Ubu rero ni igikorwa canyu co gushira mu ngiro uturanga umurongozi mwiza yogira kugira mushobore kurongora abandi ngo mushobore gushikira intumbero mwipfuza gushikako mu muryango, mu kibano no mu gihugu!


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Igice ca 7: Urugendo rugamije ukunywana « Amaherezo y’inzira ni mu nzu »

Icigwa ca 1: Ikibano Intumbero: Abigishwa bazokwiga akamaro k’ikibano, ico ikibano gisobarurwa mu mico

yabo no mu yindi mico hirya no hino muri Afirika. Ikindi baziga ni uko iyo ikibano kimeze neza (abantu babanye neza mu kibano) bituma amatati n’ubugizi bwa nabi bitorerwa umuti mu mahoro.

Ibikoresho : Ikibaho, ingwa.

Intangamarara: Kuba uwuremesha amahoro biragoye. Igihe dushikiwe n’ingorane canke ikibazo, rimwe na rimwe tubonako inzira yoroshe kuruta izindi, y’ukugitorera umuti ari gukoresha inguvu/ingimba/igikenye. Ariko mu bindi vyigwa twarizeko ingimba/inguvu birushiriza kubabaza uwundi. Bishobora kubabaza abandi bo mu kibano, mbere na twebwe nyene. Nk’abari mu mirwi y’amahoro, ni nkenerwa ko dukorera hamwe nk’urunani kugira dutature amatati. Muri iki cigwa tuzokwigako ico umuntu umwe akoze gishobora kugira ingaruka ku wundi uwo ariwe wese amukikuje/amwegereye, duheze tubone ko ari nkenerwa ko ikibano kiba ciza. Naho rimwe na rimwe tugira utwigoro dukomeye kugira ikibano kibe ciza, haragaragara ugukoresha inguvu bibandanya uwundi muntu. Tuziga ingene twokora kugira ikibano cacu kibe ciza kandi dutunganye ibintu igihe hakoreshejwe inguvu. Ibikorwa:

1. Tunganya abigishwa mugire urugendo muri hanze. 2. Zunguruka ishure, mugendere ikibano kibegereye; aho hose, uje urababaza kwibuka ibintu

bihambaye bigize ikibano cabo. 3. Mugarutse mw’ishure, andika ivyo abigishwa babonye. Abo babonye? Ivyo babonye bariko

barakora? Aho abantu baba? Ubutunzi canke amaduka babonye? Ibibuze aho baciye? Ni nkenerwako tumenya ibiri mu kibano cacu, nk’uko twabikoze mu kugendagenda mu kibano. Ibi bidutera kwiyumva ko turimwo kandi turi igice kimwe gishobora gutera ikibano cacu kirushiriza gukomera. Iyo tubaye mu kibano kirimwo imigenderanire myiza, umwe umwe wese yumva ari mu bumwe n’uwundi kandi umwe wese atera inkomezi uwundi. Twumva dushigikiwe, twemewe, dushimwa kandi ko hari intererano dufise yoteza imbere ikibano cacu. Ariko igihe twikumiriye mu kibano, dushobora kwiyumva ko turi ba nyamwigendako, bantankomezi, gatikirebanga mu ruzi, kandi tudakundwa. Guhanahana amajambo:

• Mbega ku bijanye n’ikibano, umuco wawe uvuga iki? Umugwi w’abantu usangiye ijambo rimwe, Ubuntu. Iri jambo risobanurwa ngo “Ndi’ kuko turi” kandi “Ubuntu bwanje bubonekera mu bwawe”. Bisobanurwa ko akaranga tugasanga mu bandi, no mu kibano cacu. Mu kibano no muri umwe n’uwundi niho turonkera ubuzima/ukubaho n’ukwuzura. Mbere indwara hamwe n’amagara meza turabisangira. Kuko turonkera amagara meza mu kibano, ni nkenerwa ko imigenderanire y’abagize ikibano iba myiza. Nk’abaremeshamahoro, dutegerezwa gufasha ngo ikibano cacu kibe ciza mu kwunga imigenderanire yononekaye kandi n’ukuyigira mishasha. Ko twibona akaranga kacu muri umwe n’uwundi, ni nkenerwa cane ko ikibano cacu kiba ciza. Habaye gukoresha inguvu, imigenderanire mu bantu irasambuka.


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Akamaro k’ikibano:

• Ni kuki mwiyumvirako ikibano gikenewe? Ikibano kirakenewe kubera:

• Gutorera inyishu amatati • Gufashanya igihe hari uwubabaye, uwagiriwe nabi • Gusangira inkomezi zacu n’ubumenyi • Gutanga ivyiyumviro bitandukanye/Gutanga imbono zitandukanye • Kugaragazako abantu bemanga ivyo bakoze igihe bagiriye nabi abandi mu kibano

• Ubutandukane mu kibano burakenewe: kuko hakenwe: • Kwemerana n’abandi bava mu yandi moko • Kwubaha abantu bo mu yindi mico n’amadini • Kwiga kubana neza n’abandi dutandukanye, ntitubanke canke ngo dukoreshe inguvu/ingimba


Abo mwegeranye barafise ingene bakorwako n’ivyo mukora n’uko mubikora kandi ivyo birashobora rimwe na rimwe kuba intandaro y’amatati, ariko gukoresha inguvu si yo nzira ibereye. Kubana neza ni co kintu gikuru kandi nk’indemesha z’amahoro murashobora kugira ico muterereye kugira habe kubana neza kurusha uko vyahora.


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Icigwa ca 2: Imigenderanire/umubano mwiza

Intumbero: Muri iki cigwa, abigishwa bazosozera ku nsobanuro y’amahoro, bongere

bige insobanuro y‘imigenderanire myiza’, kandi bige ibituma ari nkenerwa ko tubana mu mahoro. Bazokwiga kandi insobanuro n’akamaro vy’ubutungane bw’inyuma y’intambara.

Ibikoresho : Impapuro nini indwi, amakaramu manini, umukasi n’amapiyekola.

Intangamarara y’abigisha: Ukunywana ni ikintu c’ishingiro kandi c’agaciro kanini mu muco nyafirika. Muri ubwo buryo,“kunywana ni igikorwa gihagaritse umutima ikibano. Kigarukana ibintu kumera neza mu kibano. Muri Afirika, umuryango udasubije hamwe wikwegera umuvumo...Kutabaho kw’ugushumbusha/ugusubiza, guharira n’ukunywana bituma ikibano cose (ababa mu kibano) kiguma ari imbohe (baguma ari imbohe). Kubw’ivyo, abantu bose bo mu kibano, baritanga bagakora kugira ico gikorwa gishike ku kunywana n’ugusubira mu migenderanire yuzuye. Intangamarara nyezina: Mu cigwa twarangije, twize akamaro ikibano ciza kiri mu mahoro, kirimwo ubutandukane. Ariko ibiba igihe hari ugukoresha inguvuni ibiki? Ibitegerezwa kuba igihe hakoreshejwe inguvu ni ibiki?Mu bisigaye muri iki gihimba c’icigwa, turaja kuraba insobanuro y’uguharira n’ugusaba imbabazi, mu rugendo rugana ku kunywana, igihe umuntu runaka yatugiriye nabi canke igihe twagiriye nabi uwundi. Guharira n’ugusaba imbabazi/ikigongwe ni inzira zibiri, dutegerezwa gucamwo ngo dushike ku kunywana; aho niho ugukira kw’imigenderanire yasambuwe kandi ugukira kw’uwagiriwenabi n’uwagizenabi bibonekera/bironkwa. Urwo rugendo rugana ku kunywana ni icankenerwa kugira abantu babeho mu kibano c’amahoro. Ibikorwa:

1. Abigishwa baje mu migwi, umwe wose urimwo abantu batanu. 2. Umwe ahagarare umugongo wiwe awurabisha abo bandi bane. 3. Uwo atembere inyuma buhorobuhoro, abandi bane bamusame/bamuramire.Buname hanyuma

bunamuke, bongere bahagarare. 4. Baje barakuranwa mu kugira ivyo kugira umwe wese mu mugwi abibemwo.

Guhanahana ijambo:

• Vyari bigoye? Kubera iki vyari bigoye canke vyoroshe? Wiyumvise gute? • Vyagusavye iki mu kwunamira inyuma utaraba? • Mbega mwibazako hoba iki igihe mutosama uwo mwigishwa? Mwibazako yosubira kubikora?

Kubera iki atabosubira canke yobisubira? • Ushaka kugiranira imigenderanire n’abandi bantu imeze gute kugira ugire uwu mwimenyerezo? • Mwibazako ibi bifitaniye isano iyihe n’amahoro? n’imigwi y’amahoro?

Insobanuro n’uguhanahana ijambo: Abantu bamwe bibaza ko amahoro ari igihe ata gukoresha inguvu bihari kandi ata ntambara, ariko insobanuro y’amahoro irengeye aho. Amahoro, canke shalom, bisobanurwa amagara meza, ugukira, ubutungane, kunywana n’imigenderanire myiza. Kimwe mu kuba abaremesha amahoro ni ukuba


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ufitaniye n’abandi imigenderanire myiza kandi ubizigira, nk’uko twabibonye mu mwimenyerezo twakoze.

• Mbega kugiranira “imigenderanire myiza n’abandi” bisobanura iki? Imigenderanire/umubano mwiza ni imigenderanire aho umwe wese yifuriza abandi ivyiza biruta ibindi vyose. Ni imigenderanire irimwo ukwizigirana kandi n’ibishobisho/ibigumbagumba vyiza.

• Ni iyihe migenderanire/mibano myiza umaze kubamwo mu buzima bwawe? (Urabe neza ko abigishwa batahura ko imigenderanire mu buzima bwabo ishobora kuba myiza, baba bari kumwe n’abigisha, abagenzi, abavyeyi, abarongozi b’idini, abo mu runganwe rwabo, ku giti cabo,).

• Ni ayahe majambo dushobora gukoresha mu kwerekana ko umubano ari mwiza? (Andika ayo majambo ku kibaho munsi y’umutwe w’amajambo: “Imigenderanire myiza”. Yoba amwe muri aya: gufata nkankama, kwizigirana, gutahurana, guha umwanya, kwitaho, gukunda,)Kuyaga neza ni icankenerwa rwose mu mubano mwiza.

• Mbega ikiganiro ciza kimeze gute? (Kwumviriza, imvugo yubaha kandi yumviriza, kugaragaza ko witwariritse ivyo uwundi avuga, kwubaha ivyiyumviro n’imbono vyiwe,).

Imigenderanire myiza yubakira ku kwizigirana nk’uko vyabonetse mu mwimenyerezo twakoze, aho wategerezwa kwizigira abandi muri mu mubano umwe ko bagusama. Dutegerezwa kwizigira uwo turi kumwe mu migenderanire/mu mibano. Ukwo kwizigirana kudufasha kwubaka imigenderanire ikomeye. Rimwe na rimwe, ukwo kwizigirana gushobora kwononekara bivuye kuko habaye ugukoresha inguvu. Igihe habayeho ugukoresha inguvu canke akarenganyo, bikomeretsa imigenderanire hagati y’abantu, mbere imigenderanire ikononekara. Akarorero, igihe data akubise umuhungu wiwe, uwo muhungu ashobora kwigiraho gutinya se mbere n’ugutangura kumwanka. Muri aka karorero, ugukubitavyononye imigenderanire/umubano hagati ya se n’umuhungu.

• Mbega hari imigenderanire yononekaye mu buzima bwawe? Ntibisabwako utanga amazina, ariko vuga uko wiyumva kubw’iyo migenderanire yononekaye? Umenya gute ko ari imigenderanire yononekaye?

• Ni ayahe majambo twokoresha mu kwerekanako imigenderanire yononekaye canke ari myiza? (Andika ayo majambo ku rundi ruhande munsi ya “Imigenderanire yononekaye”).

Igihe imigenderanire yononekaye bitumwe n’ugukoresha inguvu canke akarenganyo, gukira kurashobora kugorana. Muri iki gihimba, tuzokwiga ingene tuvura imigenderanire yacu yononekaye. Ivyo tuvyita Ukunywana/Ukunywanisha abantu. Ni ikijambo kinini ariko bisobanurwa ko duharira abandi igihe batugiriye nabi n’ugusaba ikigongwe igihe tubabaje uwundi. Ukunywana: Igihe ugerageza kuvura imigenderanire yononekaye, vyogufasha kwiyumvira ku nzira zibiri. Umwe wese mu bari mu migenderanire yononekaye ategerezwa guca mu nzira yiwe mu buryo bahurira kw’iherezo. Uwagiriwe nabi ategerezwa kugendera mu nzira y’ikigongwe. Uwagize nabi ategerezwa kugendera mu nzira y’ugusaba imbabazi harimwo gusaba ikigongwe n’ugutunganya/kuriha ivyononekaye Amajambo ku mwigisha: Tegura igicapu kiri inyuma y’amajambo ku rupapuro runini kugira abigishwa babirabe. Ivyo bizokoreshwa mu vyigwa vyose ngo bifashe abanyeshure gukurikira izo nzira zibiri. Urugendo rw’Uguharira: 1. Domako urutoke/Vuga mw’izina ikibi kandi wemere umubabaro ufise. 2. Ikuremwo kurondera ko uwakoze nabi aronka igihano. 3. Tangura gutahura ko uwagize nabi arimwo ubuntu na we. 4. Injira mu migenderanire n’uwagize nabi.


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Urugendo rw’ugusaba imbabazi: 1. Domako urutoke ikibi kandi wemere ikibi cakozwe. 2. Kwemera gusubiza. 3. Tangura kwumva ibigumbagumba ku mubabaro uwagiriwe nabi yumva. 4. Injira mu migenderanire n’uwagiriwe nabi.


Ukunywana birafasha mu migenderanire myiza biciye mu kunagura imigenderanire yononekaye be no mu gusanasana uwagiriwe nabi. Igihe umuntu akoze inabi, ugusubiza hamwe ni yo nzira nziza ituma abantu babana neza.


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Icigwa ca 3: Intangamarara ku guharira

Intumbero: Abigishwa bazokwiga intambuko z’uguharira n’ingene wita uwakugiriye

nabi birushiriza kugwiza gukoresha inguvu. Kandi bazokwiga ukuri kumwe kumwe n’ivyiyumvirwa n’abantu ku guharira.

Ibikoresho : Ibimenyetso bibiri, kimwe canditsweko “ivyo abantu biyumvira” ikindi canditsweko “Ukuri”.

Intangamarara: Twarize ko amatati ari ibisanzwe, ariho. Ariko rimwe na rimwe amatati ashikana ku gukoresha inguvu. Dukubise uwo tuvukana kuko yivye ikaramu y’igiti yacu, canke tugasunika uwo twigana kuko yatuvuze nabi, ivyo bikabatera nabo badusubiza canke bakadusunika, ivyo bituma gukoresha inguvu birushiriza kwiyongera. Dushishikaye muri ubwo buryo umwe wese yoca agira ibidunduri mu maso n’ukubabara. Ariko duhisemwo guharira hagukoresha inguvu, twoba duhagaritse uwo muzingi w’ugukoresha inguvu canke igikenye. Muri iki cigwa, tuzongera twige ibijanye n’uguharira ico arico n’ingene twobikoresha mu kubaho kwacu. Insobanuro n’uguhanahana ijambo:

• Mwibazako guharira ari iki? Guharira ni…..

• Gutahurako icakozwe ari ikibi • Guhitamwo inzira y’amahoro mu gishingo c’ukwihora n’ingimba • Gusubira gutahura ko uwakoze nabi ari umuntu (ko ari umuntu nka we). • Guhindura inyifato.

Guharira bishobora kugorana cane, ariko ni nkenerwa cane ku mahoro. • Ni kuki wiyumvirako guharira bigoye – gutanga imbabazi bigoye?

Igikorwa: “Ivyo abantu bavuga n’ukuri ku vyerekeye uguharira”

1. Ku ruhande rw’ishure urwo ari rwo rwose, shiraho ibimenyetso bibiri, kimwe canditsweko “Ivyo bavuga” ku rundi ruhande, ikindi canditsweko “Ukuri” . (Urashobora kwandika ayo majambo ku mpande zitandukanye z’ikibaho).

2. Aya majambo ni ukuri canke ivyo bavuga ku vyerekeye Guharira. Soma n’ijwi ryumvikana aya majambo akurikira, ajanye n’Uguharira, ariko ntusome ayo ahiritse hanyuma bavuga ko ari ukuri canke ari ayavugwa n’abantu.

3. Uhejeje gusoma, abigishwa bavuge ko ari ukuri canke ayavugwa n’abantu. Baheze bahagarare ku ruhande rw’ikimenyetso cerekana ico bizera.

4. Habaye kudahuza ku ryungane ku vyerekeye “ukuri” canke “ivyo bavuga”, bahe umwanya w’ugusigura igituma bahisemwo iyo nyishu. Bamaze guhanahana ijambo, fasha abigishwa gutahura igituma iryo ryungane ari ukuri canke ibivugwa n’abantu.

Ukuri n’ibivugwa n’abantu ku vyerekeye uguharira:

1. Guharira ni ukwibagira. (ibivugwa n’abantu) Naho duharira abatugiriye nabi ntitwibagira ivyo badukoreye. Ni nk’uko naho tuba twakize, inkovu itwibutsa ivyabaye.

2. Igihe ugerageje guharira, urashobora kwumva ishavu n’urwanko. (Ukuri) Igihe tubabaye, dushobora kwumva ishavu. Ntaco mu gihe tudakoresheje inguvu canke ngo tubibwire uwo twizigiye.


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3. Uguharira ni urugendo, kandi rushobora kumara igihe kirekire. (Ukuri) Rimwe na rimwe uguharira gufata indwi nyinshi canke amezi canke mbere n;imyaka. Hari uwoba ari hagati yacu yahariye umuntu haciye igihe kirekire? Wiyumva gute?

4. Uguharira ni ikimenyetso c’integenke. (Ibivugwa n’abantu) Uguharira bishobora kugorana cane kandi bigasaba inkomezi nyinshi. Asangwa hariho uwo wahariye ukwiye kwumva wishimye, kuko bitoroshe.

5. Uharire niho imigenderanire ica igaruka ubwo nyene. (Ibivugwa n’abantu) Kugira imigenderanire ibeho birakenewe guharira, ariko si vyo vyonyene. Dutegerezwa kwerekana ko tuvyitayeho dukoresheje amajambo n’ibikorwa. Mwotanga uburyo bumwe bw’ukubikora?

6. Rimwe na rimwe uguharira ntigushoboka. (Ibivugwa n’abantu) Naho biba bisa nibidashoboka, dushobora guharira, naho vyotwara igihe kinini.

Muhane ijambo: Kuri buri kibazo, saba abigishwa kuja mu mirwi mito ya babiri babiri, babanze babiganireko imbere y’ukubishikiriza ishure ryose (abandi bose).

• Hari iryungane ryoba ryagutangaje mu kubona ko ari ukuri canke ibivugwa n’abantu? Icagutangaje ni ikihe?

• Hari aho vyagukomereye cane kugira uharire? Ni kuki vyakubereye ibikomeye cane? • Nkabagize umurwi w’amahoro, ni gute twokwigisha abandi akamaro k’uguharira n’ibivugwa

n’ukuri ku bijanye n’uguharira, ufatiye kuvyo twize uno munsi? Amajambo y’ukurangiza: Uguharira gutangura urugendo rw’ugukira rukenewe ngo amahoro abeho. Ni bwo buryo burama kandi buzima bw’ugutorera umuti igikenye canke ugukoresha inguvu.. Uguharira gushobora kugorana cane, kandi rimwe na rimwe bigafata igihe kirekire kugira uhe imbabazi uwakugiriye nabi akakubabaza; rimwe na rimwe birasaba mbere n’imyaka! Ariko, impera n’imperuka, uguharira ni intambuko ikenewe mu rugendo rw’ugukira. Igikorwa c’ugukorera i muhira: Mushitse i muhira mubaze abavyeyi banyu, sogokuru, nyogokuru, ababareze, inzira ziriho mu kurondera uguharira, bifatiye ku mico y’aba kera. Babaze ubushobozi zari zifise ko kandi zoba zigikoreshwa n’ubu. Mwibuke ivyo bavuze muheze muzogaruke mubizanye mubishikirize abandi bose (ishure ryose) twongeye guhura.


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Icigwa ca 4: Uguharira, Intambuko ya 1: Kwemera umubabaro wawe

Intumbero: Muri iki cigwa, abigishwa bazokwiga akamaro ko kwemera uko wiyumva

igihe wagiriwe nabi n’uwundi muntu. Bazotahura igituma iyi ari intambuko nkoramutima mu rugendo rw’ugukira, uguharira n’ukunywana.

Ibikoresho : Umugozi, impapuro n’ikaramu k’umwana wese

Intangamarara: Mu vyigwa duherutsemwo, twize ibijanye n’ikibano kandi ko ikibano kizima ari ikirimwo imigenderanire mizima kandi itomoye. Twarize kandi ko ukwizigirana ari ikintu gikomeye cane mu migenderanire mizima kandi ko imigenderanire ikomeye idusaba gushiramwo imitima yacu mu gihe twizigiye abandi. Kugira tugire imigenderanire mizima hamwe n’abandi, twize ko tubanza, imbere ya vyose, kuba dufitaniye imigenderanire myiza na twebwe nyezina. Igihe hakoreshejwe inguvu canke igikenye, ukwizigirana kurashobora kwononekara. Mu cigwa c’uno munsi, turaraba intambuko ya mbere mu rugendo rw’uguharira, ariyo yerekeye kudomako urutoke ikibi wagiriwe n’umubabaro urimwo. Igihe dushoboye kudomako urutoke umubabaro n’ishavu dufise, niho dushobora guhitamwo ico dukorera ivyo bishobisho twiyumvamwo. Dushobora guhitamwo guharira mu gishingo c’ukwihora n’ugukoresha inguvu.. Igikorwa: Saba abigishwa bamwe baze imbere. Umwe wese umuhe afate ku mpera y’urutsinga canke umugozi. Uko usoma aya mungane akurikira, ukurikize amategeko yanditswe mu ndome zihetamye.

1. Imigenderanire yuguruye: dutangurire mu migenderanire mizima, aho twizigiye abandi kandi twumva tuguwe neza, dutekaniwe kandi tunezerewe. (Abigishwa babiri bafate wa mugozi canke urutsinga, umwe ku mpera, uwundi ku yindi). Turahana amasezerano kandi turizerana ko umwe wese atubwira ukuri. Imitima yacu turayeguranira. Tubibonera kuri aba bigishwa bafashe umugozi canke urutsinga. Iki ni ikigerenyo c’imigenderanire yabo. Irakomeye kandi irabafatanije.

2. Uruguma/ikibi: Mu migenderanie iyo ariyo yose, haraba amatati. Turabe ukuri.

3. Kwirengagiza: igihe twagiriwe nabi, tuva mu maso y’uwo yatugiriye nabi. Tuja kure yabo kugira ntibongere kutubabaza, nk’uko umwana ategereza amaboko yiwe ishiga rishushe kuko yosha. Ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi bishika. Kwirengagiza bishobora kumara amasegunda make canke igihe kirekire. Dushobora kuvuga ko twamuhariye, guharira kwo mu mitwe yacu, ariko ntitwasubiye kubana mu migenderanire mizima kuko tutarabaharira bivuye mu mutima. Umwe muri babigishwa babiri akwege umugozi canke urutsinga, uwundi agire ukwo nyene, umwe wese yikwegerako.

4. Gutangura gutahura: Urugero rwa mbere ni ugutangura gutahura uko twiyumva, ibishobisho

bituzungurukamwo. Dushobora kuvuga duti: “Ndababaye kandi ndashavuye”. Urugero rwa kabiri ni ukwibuka igihe twababaye nk’uko muri kahise kugira tuganze ivyo bishobisho kandi tubone ko dufise inkomezi z’ukugenzura ivyo twoca dukora. Iyi ni igice gikomeye cane ku bijanye n’ugukira kandi gikenewe kugira tuve mu kwirengagiza.


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5. Ingingo y’uguharira mu mutwe: ni igihe mu guharira ingingo yafatiwe mu mutwe. Kandi tukagerageza gufata iyo ngingo mu mutima, ariko umubano/imigenderanire igatandukana gato n’uko yari imeze imbere y’amatati. Bisa n’ukwegera uwundi ariko ugashiraho ifundo kuri wa mugozi. Imigenderanire canke umugozi usubiye kuja hamwe, ariko ntusa n’uko wari umeze ubwa mbere. Ubu uriko amafundo. Saba umwe yegere uwundi abohe impera n’iyindi vy’uwo mugozi.

6. Igikorwa c’akaga: Duhitamwo gufata akaga mu mutima wacu mu guharira uwo yatugiriye

nabi. Turiyubara mu kumwizigira kandi tukishira mu kaga, ariko kuko kunywana ari urugendo rushobora gufata igihe kirekire, ukwo kwizigira uwangiriye nabi gushishikara gukura.

Igikorwa: “Kahise, K’ubu, Kazoza” “Ikete ku wagize nabi”

1. Saba abigishwa bafate urupapuro n’ikaramu 2. Basabe kwiyumvira ku muntu yabagiriye nabi bakaba bataramuharira. Basabe guhumiriza

bibuke ingene uwo yabagiriye nabi kandi ingene vyabababaje 3. Iminota 5 inyuma yaho, bahumure 4. Uburyo bumwe: “ikete ku wagize nabi” 5. Basabe kwandikira uwo yabagiriye nabi. Iryo kete rishobora guhera ku kugene uwo mwigishwa

yagiriwe nabi, ingene yiyumvise n’ibindi.Tera intege abigishwa bakoreshe“jewe (urashobora gusubiramwo mu ncamake, hanyuma uvyandike ku kibaho’ :

6. Iryungane rya “jewe” ririmwo ibice bine: a. Numva (vuga uko wiyumva – ibishobisho) b. Igihe (vuga icakubayeko kugutera wiyumva uko wiyumva) c. Kubera (vuga igituma wiyumva uko kandi ico cyagukozeko, vyaguhinduye) d. Ico ngomba ni (vuga ingene ugomba ko ibintu bihinduka)

7. *Ico twibutsa: Igihe uvuga ico ugomba, ugerageze kwibaza ico bisobanurwa, mu gishingo y’ugutanga inyishu yawe.

8. Bamaze gusobanura umubabaro, tera intege abigishwa kwiyumvira ico bisobanura guharira uwo muntu kandi uko kwosa. Basabe kwandika ayo mungane y’uguharira muri iryo kete bandikiye uwagize nabi.

9. Bamenyeshe ko atari itegeko kurungikira iryo kete uwagize nabi, ariko bishobotse vyoba vyiza.Barashobora kubika iryo kete kugira bibafashe gufata urugendo rw’uguharira ababagiriye nabi.


Uyu musi twize intambuko ya mbere yo guharira, kwemera umubabaro wawe. Uguharira ni uguhitamwo kudakoresha igikenye aho kwihora canke gukoresha inguvu. Mu gihe dushoboye kwerekana umubabaro wacu n’ishavu mu buryo bubereye, ni ho duheza tugashobora guhitamwo ico twokora ku bijanye n’uko twiyumva. Guharira bidufasha gukira ibikomere mu buzima.


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Icigwa ca 5: Uguharira, Intambuko ya 2: Ukwihora n’uguharira

Intumbero: Muri iki cigwa, abigishwa bazokwiga akamaro k’uguhitamwo guharira

kuruta kwihora mu gihe bariko barondera amahoro. Bazokwiga ko kwihora bishobora kuvyara inzinguzingu y’ugukoresha inguvu, aho uguharira bivyara ugusubiza hamwe n’ugukira.


Intangamarara: Mu cigwa duheruka, twize urugendo rw’uguharira. Uru rugendo rushobora kumara igihe kirekire kandi rushobora kugorana cane. Naho biri uko, igihe duhisemwo urwo inzira y’ukwihora mu gishingo c’urutuganisha amahoro n’ukunywana, tuba abakoresha igikenye hako tuba abaremesha amahoro. Ibijana n’ukwihora ni inzigo yibitse nk’icupa. Mu vyigwa twarangije, mu migwi y’amahoro, twarize ibijanye n’inzigo n’ingene twoyitorera umuti.

• Igihe twigumijemwo inzigo ibidushikira ni ibiki imbere muri twebwe? (Turibabaza twebwe nyene, inzigo ishobora gusaba ivuye muri twebwe, turashobora kurwara, n’ibindi).

• Igihe dusohoye inzigo tukagirira nabi uwo yaduteye iyo nzigo ni ibihe bishika? (Tuba tuvyaye

inzinguzingu z’ugukoresha inguvu aho igikenye gikura kikarushiriza gukura, tukababaza abandi, na twebwe nyene tukibababaza)

Igihe turetse gukoresha inguvu akaba ari vyo vyiganza ivyo nivyo bishika kandi tukababara, mu gishingo c’ugufata urugendo rw’uguharira. Ivyo dushobora kuvyita kwihora.

• Kwihora bisobanurwa iki? Kwihora ni igikorwa c’ukubabaza canke kugirira nabi uwakugiriye nabi canke yakubabaje canke uwo twitayeho.

• Woba umaze kwihora? Habaye iki? Urashobora kugeragezwa n’ukwihora, ariko nk’abaremesha amahoro, twibuke ko kwihora atari co dukwiye gukora igihe twubaka amahoro. Ivyo ni uko, iyo duhisemwo kwihora, tuba dufashije kuvyara umuzingi w’ugukoresha inguvu. Turababaza uwo yatubabaje mbere n’abandi, nabo bakatubabaza imbere yuko tubimenya, ugasanga turiko tuzunguruka mu muzingi w’igikenye. Ahubwo dukwiye kwiga guharira uwatugiriye nabi canke abatugiriye nabi mu gishingo c’ukwihora, tukabereka imbabazi. Igihe duhisemwo gufata urugendo rw’uguharira, tuba turi mu rugendo rutujana ku gukira gukoresha inguvu kandi n’ugusanura imigenderanire yononekaye. Muhanahane ijambo:

• Mbega ivyoroshe ni ukwihora canke uguharira? Kubera iki? • Ni kuki wiyumvirako guharira ari yo nyishu nziza kuruta kwihora? (Ihagarika umuzingi

w’igikenye, ishikana ku nyishu irama, ni inyishu y’amahoro ku gukoresha inguvu). Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Ukwihora gukoresha ishavu ryacu mu gusobanura ko bikwiye ko tubabaza abatubabaje. Tuja mu muzingi w’ugukoresha inguvu kandi uwo muzingi utuma ukwo gukoresha inguvu gukura mu kibano cacu, mu muryango canke mw’ishure. Guhitamwo guharira ha kwihora ni intambuko nkoramutima y’uguharira n’ukunywana. Mu cigwa gikurikira, tuzokwiga intambuko ya gatatu y’urugendo rw’uguharira, n’akamaro ko gutangura urwo rugendo rw’ukubona ko uwagize nabi arimwo ikindi kintu atari umwansi wacu.


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Icigwa ca 6: Uguharira, Intambuko ya 3: Kubona ubuntu buri mu wagize nabi

Intumbero: Kwiga ibijanye n’imbabazi n’ugutahura ko n’uwo yagize nabi ari umuntu

(afise ubuntu muri we). Iki cigwa kizogaragaza ko uguharira bidasobanura kwibagira.

Ibikoresho : Irangi ryirabura n’umupapuro rwera

Intangamarara: Mu vyigwa twarangije, twize ibivugwa n’abantu n’ukuri ku vyerekeye guharira.

• Muribuka bimwe mu bivugwa n’abantu hamwe n’ukuri ivyo arivyo? Mu cigwa c’uno munsi, turiga intambuko ya gatatu mu rugendo rw’uguharira. Iyo ntambuko ni ugutangura gutahura ko uwo yatugiriye nabi ari umuntu. Guhanahana ijambo n’insobanuro: Igice kinini c’uguharira uwakugiriye nabi ni ukumugirira imbabazi. • Mbega murazi imbabazi ico arico? Imbabazini ukwerekana impuhwe n’urukundo mu gishingo c’uguhana uwakugiriye nabi. Imbabazi ni igihambaye cane. Uguharira si ukwibagira: Rimwe na rimwe, twiyumviriye ku guharira, tuvyitiranya n’ukwibagira. Ariko kugirira imbabazi uwatubabaje ni ukugira intambwe y’ukumubona ko arimwo ikindi atari kuba umwansi wawe gusa. Uguharira si:

• Kwibagira ivyo bagukoreye • Kwemerako ivyo badukoreye arivyo. • Hari uwoba aha afise inkovu ku mubiri? Hari uwoza aha imbere atubwire ivyamushikiye

bijanye n’iyo nkovu? Vyabaye ryari? Biracakubabaza? Nk’uko bimeze ku nkovu zo ku mibiri yacu, igihe ubabajwe n’ingimba bakugiriye, ntitwibagira kuko inkovu z’ico gikorwa caguhahamuye mubana nazo ibihe vyose. Iyo tubonye, twumvise, dukoze ku bintu bitwibutsa ico twakorewe kitubabaje, turaheza tukibuka, naho twoba tutabigomba. Garukana wa mugozi wo mu cigwa caheze. Muribuka ivy’uyu mugozi? Habaye iki umaze gukatwa tukagerageza kwongera kuwusubiza hamwe? Mbega wasubiye gusa nk’uko wasa ubwa mbere? Rimwe na rimwe igihe tubabajwe bisa n’uko inzira yoroshe ari ukwibagira ivyabaye. Naho twoba tukibabaye canke tutifuza n’ukugira uwo tubibwiye. Ivyo bishobora kurushiriza kutubabaza twebwe nyene. Turashobora gushavura mu buryo bworoshe canke kuja kure y’abagenzi na bo bariko baragerageza kudufasha. Naho biri uko, ku bijanye n’uguharira, reka tuvuge ku mubabaro wacu kugira dutangure urugendo rw’ugukira. Kugirira imbabazi uwatubabaje, kwibuka ivyabaye n’uguharira uwagize nabi ni:

• Kwikuramwo ivyiyumviro bibi n’ishavu kuri uwo yakubabaje, ni uguheba kwihora. • Gukora cane mu kwubaka n’ugusanura imigenderanie yacu n’uwo yatugiriye nabi. • Kwiga kubonako uwo yagize nabi ari umuntu nawe afise inkomezi n’integenke.

Kuvyibuka ntibisobanura ko tuzokwama duhana uwatugiriye nabi, ariko ko tumuharira ahubwo. Tumuharire bivuye mu mutwe no mu mutima. Ukunywana bisaba uguharira n’ugusaba imbabazi, ariko si ukwibagira.


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Muhanahane ijambo :

• Itandukaniro hagati y’uguharira n’ukwibagira ni irihe? • Uramaze guharira kanaka? Ivyakubayeko n’ingene wahariye wobibwira abandi bigishwa?

Igikorwa :

1. Fata urupapuro rwera urudomeko akaburungu mw’irangi ryirabura. 2. Saba abigishwa kuvuga ivyo babona nawe ushishikare gufata urwo rupapuro. (abigishwa

barashobora kuvuga ko babona akadomo kirabura ku rupapuro) 3. Ni bangahe muri mwebwe bavuzeko babonye akaburungu kirabura? Ni bangahe bavuzeko

babonye urupapuro rwera? Igihe wiyumvira ku muntu canke ukamuvugako rimwe na rimwe bishobora gusa n’ibi tubonye kuri uru rupapuro. Umuntu ni mwiza kireste ashoboye gukora ikibi kimwe, nk’uko hariko akaburungu kamwe ku rupapuro rwera. Biroroshe kubona ibibi ariko biragoye kubona ibintu vyose ari vyiza. Ariko dutegerezwa kwibuka ko n’abo bakora ibibi ari abantu nabo. Ni nkenerwa kwemera ko tubabaye igihe hariho uwudukoreye nabi, ariko kandi n’ukwibuka ko uwo ari we wese ashobora gukora amakosa. Ibi bizodufasha muri uru rugendo rw’uguharira. Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Kenshi na kenshi abantu barazazanirwa hagati y’uguharira n’ukwibagira. Ariko, turavye ivyo twize muri iki cigwa, ukwo si ukuri. Ah’ukwibagira, dutegerezwa kwemera ko twababajwe na kanaka kandi ko imigenderanire yacu nawe ibabaye/itosekaye mbere ko ishobora n’ukwononekara. Ni nkenerwa kuguma twibuka ko ukwibuka, ugukira hamwe n’ugusanura imigenderanire yacu bitandukanye n’ukugumana akazikira n’ishavu kuri uwo yatubabaje. Igihe dutahuye ukwo kwononekara kuri muri twebwe no mu migenderanire n’uwo yatubabaje, dushobora gufata iyo ntambuko ya 3 muri uru rugendo rw’uguharira, hanyuma tugaheza tugatangura kubabonamwo ikirengeye kuba abansi bacu, ariko tukabona ko ari abantu. Iyi ntambuko irashobora kugorana cane, kuko bigoye kwiyumvira neza uwakubabaje ko arimwo ikindi kitari kuba umwansi wacu ariko ko ari umuntu. Igihe dutanguye kubona ibindi bintu bigize abo batubabaje kandi tugatangura kubabona ko ari abantu kandi ko bashobora gukosha, aho niho duca twubaka canke tugatangura gusana imigenderanire yacu nabo.


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Icigwa ca 7: Ukwihana/Ukwigaya – Ikintu ca mbere muri iyi nzira ni ukwemera ko hari ikintu kibi wakoze

Intumbero: Abanyeshure baribukanya intambuko z’ukwihana bace biga ico ari co

ukwigaya/ukwihana hamwe n’akamaro kavyo mu rugendo rw’ukunywana. Abanyeshure bazobona kandi akamaro ko kwemanga ivyo baba barakoze hanyuma bigireho icerekana ko umuntu asavye imbabazi vy’ukuri


Intangamarara: Mu vyigwa vyaheze, twarabiye hamwe inzira ishikana ku gusaba imbabazi. Uyu musi tugomba kurabira hamwe inzira uwakoze ikibi ategerezwa gufata mu nzira yo kunywana. Iyi ni yo yitwa inzira yo kwigaya. Ivyo gukora: Fata abanyeshure babiri babiri bicare hasi bahanye umugongo hanyuma bace bagerageza guhaguruka. Uko bigenda: Bategerezwa gusunikana imigongo bongera bakorana. Bahejeje kugira ico gikorwa, umwigisha abaze ati:

1. Mbega vyaboroheye canke vyari bigoye? Kubera iki? 2. Mbega vyari kugenda gute iyo umugenzi wawe aguma yicaye hasi.

Abanyeshure bahejeje kuvuga no gushikiriza ivyiyumviro vyabo, umwigisha avuge ati: Ukunywanisha imigenderanire bisa n’iki gikorwa duhejeje gukora. Vyasavye ko mukorana kugira ngo muve hasi. Igihe imigenderanire yatosekaye, bisaba ko abantu babiri bakorana kugira ngo bayisubizeho. Twaramaze kubona ingene umuntu abigenza mu nzira yo kunywana: imbabazi. Reka rero ubu naho turabe inzira uwakoze ikibi acamwo: ukwigaya. Ikiganiro hamwe n’insobanuro: Mwoba mwari mumaze kwumva ijambo ukwigaya? Igihe uryumvise wewe uca wumva iki? Abanyeshure barashikiriza ivyiyumviro vyabo hanyuma umuremeshakiyago nawe ace agira indunduro yavyo ati: Ukwigaya biba igihe umuntu yumva aneguye kandi akemera ivyo yakoze bibi kandi akumva bimubabaje.Ntibihagije gusa ko uvyemera, utegerezwa kandi kwerekana ko bikubabaje kandi usavye imbabazi. Kandi ibi bisaba ko hagira ico ukoze mu vyo wononye nk’igihe hari ikintu coba caribwe ukagisubiza. No mu bijanye n’imigenderanire nico kimwe. Igihe ubabaje umuntu, ntibikwiye kumubwira ngo mbabarira gusa, dutegerezwa kwerekana ko dusavye imbabazi kumbure mu kugira ikintu ciza tumukoreye kandi tukanahindura inkoro kugira ngo ntituzokwongere gukora ca kintu kandi.

• Mbega ni kubera iki mwiyumvira ko ukwigaya bishobora kugora? Mwibuke, ukwigaya si ukuvuga ngo mbabarira gusa, ariko ni no gukora ikintu kugira ngo usubizeho icononekaye.

• Mbega ukwigaya kwoba gufise akamaro gaki mu vyo gusaba imbabazi? • Mbega woba umaze kwigaya kubw’ikintu kibi kanaka wakoze? None waciye ukora iki? • Woba wibaza ko ukwigaya gushobora gutuma hasubira kubaho imigenderanire yari

yarononekaye? Hari ho rero intambuko zine zo kwigaya:


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1. Kwemera ivyo wakoze kandi ugasaba imbabazi ku kibi wakoze 2. Kuvuga ico ugiye gukora n’ico ugiye guhindura ngo ntibizosubire 3. Guha akanya uwakorewe ikibi kugira ngo agire ico avuze ku vyo wamushikirije

Ugusaba imbabazi ntikwobamwo ijambo: ‘Mugabo’ Akarorero: Mbabarira, mugabo yari yanshavuje Mbabarira, mugabo ni we yari yantanguye Mbabarira, mugabo mbona n’abandi babikora Iri jambo ‘mugabo’ ni ribi kuko ryerekana ko ico kibi uriko uracegeka ku bandi wewe ukacikurako. Igikorwa:“Ugusaba imbabazi” Umwigisha akore ibi bikurikira:

1. Saba umunyeshure wese arondere umugenzi. 2. Soma n’ijwi rirenga ibi bikurikira uce usaba abo banyeshure b’abagenzi basabane imbabazi:

• Wakoresheje irate nshasha ya mugenzawe uca urayivuna. • Watiye ikinga mugenzawe uca uricisha mu vyondo none risa nabi cane. • Wabwiye mugenzawe ko ari igisuma none yababaye cane • Wakomye intebe ya mugenzawe yariko ibitabo bica birakoroka • Umugenzi wawe yagusavye ngo mukine, hanyuma nawe hamwe na bagenzawe muca

muratwenga murigira. Ivyo birangiye, umwigisha ace abaza ati: Mbega ni ukubera iki ugusaba imbabazi nyakwo ari ikintu c’inkoramutima mu bijanye no kunywana. Amajambo yo kurangirizako:

Kuva dutangura ivyigwa bijanye n’amahoro, twararabiye hamwe ivy’ubudasa no gusubiza hamwe. Muhejeje kubona ingene ari ivy’igiciro kwemera amakosa dukora hamwe no gusaba imbabazi. Gusaba imbabazi si ikintu coroshe, ariko ni nkenerwa mu nzira yo gusubiza hamwe mu ntumbero yo kugarukana umubano mwiza.


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Icigwa ca 8: Ukwihana/Ukwigaya – Ikintu ca kabiri ni ukwiyumva nk’uko uwundi yiyumva

Intumbero: Abanyeshure bazokwiga insobanuro y’ukwiyumva nk’uko uwundi yiyumva

hamwe n’igituma ari ivya nkenerwa mu nzira yo kwigaya. Bazokwiga kandi ukugene ugukoresha igikenye bitabangamira gusa uwubikoze n’uwubikorewe ariko kandi bibangamira abantu benshi mu kibano.

Ibikoresho : Ikibaho, ingwa, ifoto 5

Intangamarara: Mu kwiyibutsa, umwigisha arabaza abanyeshure ati: ‘Mbega ni izihe ntambuko twoba tumaze kubona mu nzira yo kwigaya?’ Abanyeshure bahejeje kubidondagura, umuremeshakiyago abakengurukire kandi nawe nyene ace abisubiramwo. Igikorwa: “Ikiyo, ikiyo”

1. Umunyeshure wese arondere umugenzi kandi babe bafise ikibanza gikwiye bashobora gutemberamwo.

2. Barabane. Umwe muri bo arashobora guhindukirira aho ashaka hose mugabo agumye mu kibanza. Uwo mugenzi we nawe akore nk’ikiyo, agerageze kwerekana canke kugira vyose agize.

3. Haciye akanya, ni bahinduranye kugira ngo bose bakore ivyo bikorwa vyose. Barangije, umwigisha abaze abanyeshure ati:

• Mbega vyari bigumye canke vyoroshe gukurikira ivyo mugenzawe yariko arakora? • Wari uzi ivyo agomba gukora imbere y’uko abikora? Canke vyagusavye ko umukurikirana cane

witonze? Abanyeshure bahejeje kwishura, umuremeshakiyago ace avuga ati: muri iki cigwa, tugomba kurabira hamwe ico ari co ukwiyumva nk’uko uwundi yiyumva mu mubabaro wiwe. Umwigisha ace yandika ijambo ‘Ukwiyumva nk’uko uwundi yiyumva ku kibaho hanyuma abaze abanyeshure ati:

• Mbega igihe wumvise ukwiyumva nk’uko uwundi yiyumva’ wumva iki? Abanyeshure nka bane canke batanu batange inyishu hanyuma umuremeshakiyago avuge ati: Ukwiyumva uko uwundi yiyumva ni ubushobozi bwo gutahura hamwe no gusangira ibigumbagumba n’uwundi. Iyi ntambuko isobanura ko umuntu amenya ko uwundi ababara kubera ikintu kibi wamukoreye. Ni ukwishira mu kibanza c’uwundi. Ukwiyumva nk’uko uwundi yiyumva ni ukwishira mu kibanza c’uwundi hanyuma ukiyumvira uko wari kwiyumva iyoba wari uwo muntu wababaje. Nka kumwe twakina mu gakino k’ikiyo, tugerageza kwiyumvira ku wundi dukoresheje imitima yacu n’imitwe yacu ingene twari kuba tumerewe iyoba twari we. Igikorwa:

1. Gabura abanyeshure mu migwi y’abantu 4 gushika kuri 6


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2. Rondera ifoto uyitange muri iyo migwi. Iyo foto ishobora kuba ari iyo ukuye mu gitabo, ikinyamakuru canke aho ari hose.

Saba abanyeshure bagerageze kwiyumvira ivyo abari kuri iyo foto bariko barakora. Mbega abari kuri iyo foto ni bande? Bamerewe gute? Boba bafise ivyipfuzo nyabaki? Abanyeshure nka batatu canke bane bamaze gusangira n’abandi ivyiyumviro vyabo, umuremeshakiyago ababaze ati:

• Mbega vyoba vyari vyoroshe kwiyumvira canke vyari bigoye? • Mbega ibi wobigira ku bagenzi bawe mwigana? Mbega wobigira no kuri urya muntu

yakubabaje? Amajambo y’ukurangirizako: Ni ivy’ingirakamaro kwiyumvira ku bantu twababaje tukaniyumvira ukugene ivyo twabagiriye vyabababaje. Birakenewe kwiyumvira ku bandi bantu tukanabatahura, harimwo n’abo batugiriye nabi.


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Icigwa ca 9: Inzira y’ukunywana

Intumbero: Inyuma y’iki cigwa, abanyeshure bazomenya intambuko zishikana ku

kunywana.

Ibikoresho : Nta na kimbwe

Intagamarara: Igikorwa

1. Shira abana babiri imbere mw’ishure. Umwe abe ari uwagiriwe nabi, uwundi abe ari uwamugiriye nabi.

2. Bahagarare hirya no hirya nk’intambuko umunani munani. Basabe rero batambuke intambuko basangana, begerana. Saba umwe umwe muri abo banyeshure kugira intambuko yegera uwundi. Izo ntambuko zerekana intambuko mu nzira yo kubabarira ku wagiriwe ikibi hamwe no mu nzira yo kwigaya ku wakoze ikibi. Baza abanyeshure niba bibuka uko izo ntambuko zitwa.

3. Saba umwe umwe muri ba banyeshure atere iyindi ntambuko ya kabiri. Baza abanyeshure niba

bibuka intambuko ya kabiri iyo ari yo haba mu nzira yo gutanga imbabazi canke mu nzira yo kwigaya.

4. Bandanya ubasaba gutera intambuko, gushika ku ntambuko zine, nibagira zine bazoba

begeranye ku buryo bashobora guhana amaboko. Aho rero bazoba banywanye kandi bahuriye hagati.

Umwigisha aca yibutsa inzira yo kurekurira/gutanga imbabazi hamwe n’inzira yo kwigaya Inzira yo gutanga imbabazi

1. Guha izina ikibi cakozwe hamwe n’ukumenya ububabare bwavyo. 2. Kwanka gusaba indishi y’akababaro uwakugiriye nabi. 3. Gutangura kwiyumvira ku buntu bwoba buri muri wa muntu yakugirira nabi 4. Kugira imigenderanire n’uwakugiriye nabi.

Inzira y’ukwigaya

1. Guha izina hamwe n’ukumenya ikibi cakozwe. 2. Kwemera gusubiza ivyononekaye. 3. Gutangura kwiyumva nk’uko uwakugiriwe nabi yiyumva. 4. Kugira imigenderanire n’uwo wagiriye nabi

Igikorwa: Tumaze gusoma mw’ijambo ry’Imana mu gitabo c’Itanguriro (Amamuko) 35:3-15, erekana izi nzira uburyo zakoze kugira ngo Yosefu anywane na bene se.


Ubu mwaramaze kumenya intambuko mu nzira yo kunywana. Mu mwanya wose twamaranye muri uyu murwi wo kuremesha amahoro, twaraganiriye ibijanye n’amatati, amatati afatiye ku gitsina, gutatura amatati


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hadakoreshejwe igikenye, agateka k’abana, uburongozi hamwe n’inzira yo kunywana. Murafise ubumenyi bukwiye bwotuma muba indemesha z’amahoro. Mwame mwibuka na ntaryo mu buzima bwanyu ivyo mwize muri uyu murwi wo kuremesha amahoro. Mumaze kuronka izo nyigisho, murafise kandi igikorwa co gufasha ikibano gukinga, gutunganya no guhindura amatati. Mwebwe nk’abahurikiye mu murwi ukurikirana inyigisho zo kuremesha amahoro, muzofasha gute abantu mu mibano yanyu guhitamwo amahoro aho gukoresha igikenye?

Mureke abana bishure kandi mubashimire kuba baritavye akamo ko kuba mu mugwi ukurikirana inyigisho zo kuremesha amahoro.


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Igice ca 8: Isuzuma ry’ico imigwi y’amahoro mu mashure yamaze “Wicara utabaza ugapfa utamenye”.

Inyuma yo gushiraho imigwi ikurikirana inyigisho zo kuremesha amahoro, ikurikirana n’isuzuma ry’ico iyo migwi yamaze ni igikorwa gihambaye cane. Ukwo gukurikirana bituma abarongoye imigwi ikurikirana inyigisho zo kuremesha amahoro kuronka impanuro zizobafasha kuba abigisha babushitse b’ivyigwa vyo mu migwi ikurikirana inyigisho zo kuremesha amahoro. Umugwi ujejwe gutunganya ibikorwa vy’iyo migwi ifise igikorwa co gukurikirana no kugendera amashure, amashengero n’imibano ahakorerwa ibikorwa vy’iyo migwi ikurikirana inyigisho zo kuremesha kuremesha amahoro kugira ngo barabe uko biriko biragenda. Ukubagendera bene uko birongera intege abigisha ndetse n’abana bigatuma n’umugwi ujejwe gutunganya ivyo bikorwa usuzuma ingaruka y’uwo mugambi mu bibanza uriko urakorerwamwo. Incuro ico gikorwa co gukurikirana ibikorwa coba bivana na cane cane n’igitigiri c’amashure n’ubunini bw’umubano ukorerwamwo ico gikorwa. Ariko muri rusangi, umugwi wose ukurikirana inyigisho zo kuremesha amahoro wategerezwa kugenderwa n’umugwi utunganya ico gikorwa n’imiburiburi rimwe mu kwezi.

Mwodufasha mukishura kuri ibi bibazo vyodufasha cane kumenya intererano uyu mugambi w’imigwi y’amahoro mu mashure wazanye:

A. Ivyerekeye ibishasha umuntu yungutse

1) Izina ryawe:……………………………………………………………………………………

2) Ishure/Ishengero ryawe:………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

3) Umaze igihe kingana gute muri mu mugwi w’amahoro? Imisi……………………… Amezi…………………….. Imyaka…………………….

4) Abo muri kumwe mu mugwi w’amahoro ni bande ? Mwari muzinanyi imbere y’uko muhurira mu mugwi w’amahoro ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………


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5) Mu mugwi w’amahoro urimwo mukorana kangahe ? Ku ndwi :…………………………….. Ku Kwezi :…………………………… Ku mezi atatu :……………………….. Ku mezi atandatu :…………………… Ku mwaka :……………………………

6) Ni inyigisho ki canke ibiganiro nyabaki vyakubereye bishasha mu mugwi w’amahoro ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7) Abo muri kumwe mu mugwi w’amahoro ubona bitabira ibikorwa vy’umugwi gute ? Ingorane mugira ubona ari izahe ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


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B. Ivyerekeye ihinduka umuntu yagize kubera ibikorwa vy’umugwi w’amahoro

8) Imbere y’uko uja mu mugwi w’amahoro, ni izihe ntambamyi wari ufise zo kuba umwana/umunyarwaruka aremesha amahoro ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

9) Ni ibihe vyahindutse umaze kuja mu mugwi w’amahoro ugakurikirana inyigisho n’ibiganiro vyo mu mugwi w’amahoro ? Dondagura wongere usobanure ibintu vyahindutse muri wewe. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


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10) Ihinduka wagize kubera umugwi w’amahoro, kubera inyigisho n’ibiganiro bibera mu mugwi w’amahoro umaze kurifashisha bande ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11) Imigambi yawe yo muri kazoza kugira ngo iryo hinduka ryawe ribandanye rimurikira abandi kugira ngo hasasagare amahoro ni iyahe ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12) Nta kindi wotubwira kiri ku mutima kijanye n’umugwi wawe w’amahoro ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


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Action pour la justice, paix et réconciliation (IJPR); Marche vers la paix, Edition 2002. Agahinda: Canditswe na Arthur Holmes afadikanije na George McPeek, cahinduwe mu Kirundi na David

Niyonzima, Grace Memorial Press, Mweya, 2003. Alfred, Bour, Oser, La non violence active, une force au service de la paix, manuel pédagogique, 1998. Alternatives non violentes : La colère, qu’en faire : Revue associée à l’institut de recherche sur la résolution non

violente des conflits (IRNC), 1er Trimestre, mars 2011. Amahoro iwacu: Igitabu c’Umwigisha, inyigisho z’amahoro mu mashure y’intango, Bujumbura, Nzero 2006.

Amasezerano yubahiriza agateka k’abana, yahinduwe mu Kirundi n’umushingantahe Nizigiyimana Domitien, Nyakanga 1995.

Arnow, Jan, Teaching Peace: How to raise children to live in harmony-without fear, without Prejudice, without violence, New York: The Berkley Publishing Group, 1995.

Ayindo, Babu, et al, Pursuing Peace: The essence of Mennonite Central Committee, P 21. ‘When you are a

peacebuilder, stories and reflections on peacebuilding from Africa.’ Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, 2001.

Bibiliya yera.

Bureau National de l’Enseignement Catholique, BNEC: Education aux valeurs humaines, Bujumbura, Mai

2005.

Catholic Relief Services, Panagtagbo sa Kalinow: Basic orientation Manual toward culture of peace for Mindanao Communities.Mindanao: Catholic Relief Services, 1998.

Conflict Resolution: An elementary School curriculum, The Community Board Program, Inc.,1990.

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Documents

2016 FINAL Igitabu mfashanyigisho mu kuremesha amahoro mu … · 2016. 2. 23. · Mu gusobanura izi ngorane z’ugukoresha inguvu tubona mw’isi, umuhinga Johan Galtung yerekanye