Kim th v m bo cht lng Phn mm
Kim thv m bo cht lng phn mmKim th lp tng ng11Tng quanKim th
hmBVAKim th lp tng ng (ECT)Kim th lp tng ng yuKim th lp tng ng
mnhKim th lp tng ng truyn thngKim th da trn bng quyt nh22Kim th lp
tng ngL do:Cm gic kim th htTrnh d thaCc lp tng ng to thnh mt phn
hoch ca min d liuHp ca tt c cc lp bng min u vo Cm gic kim th htHai
lp bt k khng giao nhauKhng d tha33Kim th lp tng ng cho ta cm gic
kim th y v khng lm thaCc lp tng ng to thnh mt phn hoch ca mt tp hp
m cc tp con khng giao nhau, tt c tp con hp li bng tp ban u.Cc lp
tng ng tng ca ECT l ch kim th vi mt phn t ca mi min tng ngGim rt
nhiu d tha tim tng nu cc lp tng ng c chn hp lMu cht l lm sao chn c
quan h tng ng t xc nh c cc lp tng ng (phn hoch)44 tng ca cc lp tng
ng l ta ch cn kim th vi mt phn t i din ca mi lp.Cha kha thc hin l
xc nh quan h tng c phn chia c thnh cc lp tng ng.C hai dng kim th lp
tng ng: mnh v yu.Chn phn hochThng l th cng (craft):Khng da trn m
ngun, ch da trn c tCn hiu bit v min xc nh, thng khng th xc nh da vo
c t thit k giao dinPhi hiu u vo ph thuc nhau nh th no55Chn lp tng
ng theo cch th cng: khng cn da trn m ngun, ch da trn c t. Cch ny cn
hiu v min u vo thng phc tp hn c t thit k giao din. Ngoi ra cn phi
hiu cc u vo quan h vi nhau nhau nh th no.
V dXt chng trnh P c ba bin u vo: a, b v c vi cc min xc nh l A,
B, and C.Phn hoch ca cc min ny gi s l:6A = A1 U A2 U A3B = B1 U B2
U B3 U B4C = C1 U C2
6ECT yuECT yu ch ly tt c cc phn t i din t nht mt lnS ca kim th
ti thiu s bng s lp ca phn hoch c nhiu tp con nhtTrong v d trc l
48#abcWE1a1b1c1WE2a2b2c2WE3a3b3c1WE4a1b4c28Kim th lp tng ng yu: chn
mt bin t mi lp tng ng. S ca kim th ti thiu s bng s phn hoch c nhiu
tp con nht.ECT mnhECT mnh da trn tch -cc ca cc lp conVi v d trc ta
c:3 * 4 * 2 = 24 ca kim th
Cch ny xt n tt c cc tng tc ca cc gi tr i din99Kim th lp tng ng
mnh: da trn tch -cc ca cc tp con.To ta nhiu ca kim th cho bt k tng
tc no gia cc gi tr i din.
#abcSE1a1b1c1SE2a1b1c2SE3a1b2c1SE4a1b2c1SE5a1b3c1SE6a1b3c2SE7a1b4c1SE8a1b4c2SE9a2b1c1SE10a2b1c2SE11a2b2c1SE12a2b2c2SE13a2b3c1SE14a2b3c2SE15a2b4c1
SE16a2b4c2SE17a3b1c1SE18a3b1c2SE19a3b2c1SE20a3b2c2SE21a3b3c1SE22a3b3c2SE23a3b4c1SE24a3b4c21010ECT
truyn thngCh phn bit lp gi tr hp l v khng hp l11M rng cho min u
raHai phng php ECT yu v mnh trn u c th m rng cho cc bin u ra
12C hai cch mnh v yu ny u m rng c vi min u ra.12Cc ca kim th ECT
cho u ra bi ton TriangleMin u ra c cc gi tr: Khng l tam gicTam gic
uTam gic cnTam gic thngChng ta s dng chng xc nh lp tng ngR1= { | ba
cnh a, b, c to thnh tam gic cn}R2= { | ba cnh a, b, c to thnh tam
gic u}R3= {< a, b, c> | ba cnh a, b, c to thnh tam gic
thng}R4= {a, b, c> | ba cnh a, b, c khng to thnh tam gic}
Cc lp ny cho cc ca kim th sau:
1313Mt b ca kim th da trn u raTTabcKt qu mong
iOE1555CnOE2223uOE3345ThngOE4412Khng l tam gic1414Mt b ca kim th da
trn u voDa trn u vo s cho tp ca kim th ln hn. Cc lp tng ng:D1= { |
a=b=c}D2= { | a=b, ac}D3= { | a=c, ab}D4= { | b=c, ab}D5= { | ab,
ac, bc}C th thm cc lp loi tr ba cnh khng to thnh tam gicD6= { | a
b+c}D7= { | b a+c}D8= { | c a+b}D6 c th tch tip thnhD6= { | a =
b+c} v D6= { | a > b+c}1515Mt b ca kim th da trn u vo cho
NextDateNextDate l hm ca ba bin vi min xc nh:1 month 121 day 311812
year 2012
1616Cc ca ECT truyn thngCc lp d liu hp l:M1 = {month | 1 month
12}D1 = {day | 1 day 31}Y1 = {year | 1812 year 2012}
Cc lp d liu khng hp l:M2 = {month | month < 1}M3 = {month |
month > 12}D2 = {day | day < 1}D3 = {day | day > 31}Y2 =
{year | year < 1812}Y3 = {year | year > 2012}
1717Cc lp tng ng, gm c cc lp gi tr khng hp l, da trn bn cht thng
tin u vo: ngy, thng, nm.
Cc ca ECT truyn thngMonthDayYearKQ mong
iTE161519126/16/1912TE2-1151912Invalid
TE313151912InvalidTE46-11912InvalidTE56321912InvalidTE66151811InvalidTE76152013Invalid1818Cc
ca kim th th s, t cc lp tng ng.Mt phn hoch mn hnNu chn quan h tng
ng kho hn ta c cc lp tng ng c ch hn M1= {month | thng c 30 ngy }
M2= {month | thng c 31 ngy} M3= {month | thng Hai} D1= {day | 1 day
28} D2= {day | day = 29} D3= {day | day = 30} D4= {day | day=31}
Y1= {year | year = 1900} Y2= {year | 1812 year 2012 AND year 1900
AND (0 = year mod 4)} Y3= {year | 1812 year 2012 AND (0 year mod
4)}1919Cc lp tng ng lm mn hn da trn quan h gia cc binCc ca ECT
mnhCASE
IDMonthDayYearOutputSE161419006/15/1900SE261419126/15/1912SE361419136/15/1913SE462919006/30/1900SE562919126/30/1912SE662919136/30/1913SE763019007/1/1900SE863019127/1/1912SE963019137/1/1913SE106311900ERRORSE116311912ERRORSE126311913ERRORSE1371419007/15/1900SE1471419127/15/1912SE1571419137/15/1913SE1672919007/30/1900SE1772919127/30/1912SE1872919137/30/19132020Cc
ca kim th lp tng ng mnh.
Cc ca ECT mnh (tip)CASE
IDMonthDayYearOutputSE1973019007/31/1900SE2073019127/31/1912SE2173019137/31/1913SE2273119008/1/1900SE2373119128/1/1912SE2473119138/1/1913SE2521419002/15/1900SE2621419122/15/1912SE2721419132/15/1913SE282291900ERRORSE2922919123/1/1912SE302291913ERRORSE312301900ERRORSE1322301912ERRORSE332301913ERRORSE342311900ERRORSE352311912ERRORSE362311913ERROR2121Cc
ca kim th lp tng ng mnh.
Hng dn v cn nhcECT truyn thng kh yu, km hn ETC yu, bn thn km hn
ETC mnhNu cn kim tra d liu khng hp l th cn thm cc lp tng ng ngoi
khong xc nhECT ph hp vi d liu u vo l khong hoc tp cc gi tr ri
rc2222Hng dn cn nhc khi p dng: Kim th tng ng th s khng tt bng kim
th tng ng yu, v kim th tng ng yu khng tt bng kim th tng ng mnh.Nu
cn kim tra d liu li, nn dng kim th tng ng mnh, thm cc d liu kim th
khng hp l.Nn s dng kim th lp tng ng khi d liu l khong hoc tp cc gi
tr ri rc.Hng dn v cn nhc (tip)Chc nng ca hm s gip xc nh cc lp tng
ngTng ng mnh da trn gi nh l cc bin c lp, nu khng s c nhng ca kim th
liC th kt hp vi gi tr binS dng li cc khong xc nhKhng xt cc phn t
bin lp tng ngCn m rng ECT c cc yu cu nh BVA23Logic chc nng ca chng
trnh s gip to cc lp tng ng.Kim th tng ng mnh gi thit l cc bin c lp,
nu cc bin ph thuc nhau i khi n s sinh cc ca kim th liNn kt hp kim
th tng ng vi kim th bin.23Bi tpng dng kim th lp tng ng cho mt s bi
ton v d24
