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Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Inginerie, Nr. 2/2009

Annals of the Constantin Brancusi University of Targu Jiu, Engineering Series , No. 2/2009243

TENDINE AVANSATE DETEHNOLOGII ALE

INFORMATICII FOLOSITE NTRANSPORTURI

Pavliko M.,ilinsk univerzita, ilina, SLOVACIA

Gazdkov J.,ilinsk univerzita, ilina, SLOVACIA

REZUMAT: n articol sunt descrise tendine avansateale Tehnologiilor Informaticii folosite n transporturi.

Este descris conceptul de baz al LAN wireless i

WAN wireless i posibilitile de a folosi aceste reelentr-un transport. Sunt descrise exemple dinexperiena de lucru ca o conexiune dintre camioane icentrul care folosete tehnologiile WAN i WLANwireless realizatntr-un transport.

Cuvinte cheie: tehnologia informaiei, drumde transport, wireless LAN, GPS

1. INTRODUCERE

Cnd ne imaginm viitorul, vism la omobilitate frlimite, la informaii corecte iaccesibile i, de asemenea, la o siguranmaimare. Epoca mobilitii aduce n generalcreteri serioase de trafic n lume iar traficula devenit peste tot un factor economicimportant. n sfera transportului public carefolosete tendine avansate de tehnologii aleinformaticii, n special reelele mobile permitconstruirea soluiilor complexe care acoperntregul spectru al echipamentului hardware

i software.Momentul mobilitii a strnit o uriaacretere de volum a transportului n ntreagalume i acesta este motivul pentru caretransportul a devenit un factor economicfoarte important. Firmele i companiile carefolosesc mijloace de transport nu pot conectaaceste aparate folosind niciun tip de cablu dincauza mobilitii lor. Ele sunt forate scautealtsoluie.Formarea reelei GSM i apoi formarea

reelei GPRS au pus bazele tendinei de acrea reele de computere folosind reele

ADVANCED TRENDS OFINFORMATIC TECHNOLOGIES

USING IN THE ROADTRANSPORTATION

Pavliko M.,ilinsk univerzita, ilina, SLOVAKIA

Gazdkov J.,ilinsk univerzita, ilina, SLOVAKIA

ABSTRACT: In the article there are described anadvanced trends of Informatics Technologies using inthe road transportation. There are described basic

concept of wireless LAN and wireless WAN andpossibilities of using these nets in a freight transport.There are described examples from the workingexperience as connection between trucks and centreusing wireless WAN and WLAN technologies realizedin a road transport.

Keywords: informatic technologies, roadtransportation, wireless LAN, GPS

1. INTRODUCTION

When we imagine the future, we dream aboutmobility without limits, about right andaccessible information and about biggersafety too. The age of mobility in general

brings steadily rising of traffic throughout theworld and the traffic has become animportant economic factor everywhere. In thesphere of public transport using of advancedtrends of the informatics technologiesespecially mobile networks enables to buildup the complex solutions covering the wholespectrum of hardware and softwareequipment.Time of the mobility has incurred a hugeincrease of the transportation volume in thewhole world that is why the transportation

became very important economic factor.Firms and companies that are using means oftransport cannot connect these devices byusing any type of cables because of theirmobility. They are forced to look for another

solution.The GSM net formation and later GPRS net

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mobile. Aceasttendina permis penetrareareelelor wireless n infrastructura comunia accelerat dezvoltarea lor ulterioar. A

permis localizarea imediat a dispozitivelorde transport pe teren prin GPS i prin

conexiunile lor. Acest lucru a dus lasimplificarea managementului transporturilorcu uriae efecte pozitive asupra costurilor iveniturilor.Aplicarea undelor radio i mai ales a reelelorWLAN tehnologia WI-FI este potrivit ncazurile de conexiune a dispozitivelor pedistanmic.

2.

CONCEPTUL DE BAZ ALTEHNOLOGIILOR WIRELESS GPSI GPRS

Un receptor de GPS (sistem de poziionareglobal) calculeaz poziia sa n funcie detimpul i semnalele precise trimise de sateliiiGPS de deasupra Pmntului. Fiecare satelittransmite continuu mesaje care coninmomentul la care a fost transmis mesajul,informaia orbital exact (ephemeris) isntatea sistemului general i orbitele dureale tuturor sateliilor GPS (almanahul).Receptorul msoar timpul de tranziie alfiecrui mesaj i calculeaz distana pn lafiecare satelit. Trilateraia geometric estefolosit pentru a combina aceste distane culocaia sateliilor pentru a determina locaiareceptorului. Poziia este indicat, poate cu oetalare a unei hri mictoare sau culatitudinea i longitudinea; informaiile de

cotpot fi incluse. Multe uniti GPS aratiinformaii derivate cum ar fi direcia iviteza, calculate din schimbrile de poziie.Se folosete formarea mai multor satelii peorbita de mijloc a pmntului. Se permit daten legturcu poziia n mod independent devreme 24 de ore pe zi.

Folosirea GPS-ului este foarte vast,de exemplu n timpul unui transport (Figura1), i n aviaia militar, i n cea civil sau

pentru aparatura turistic. n Slovacia, se

folosete ca un dispozitiv de navigare caremonitorizeaz transporturile. Dispozitivul

formation have put foundation trend tocreation of computer networks using mobilenets. This trend has allowed the wireless nets

penetration into the corporate infrastructureand has accelerated their next development. It

has enabled immediate location of transportdevices in terrain through GPS and theirconnection. This led to simplified roadtransport (trucking) management with huge

positive effects on costs and revenues.Application of radio waves and especiallyWLAN networks technology WI-FI issuitable in cases to connect devices in shortdistance.

2. BASIC CONCEPT OF WIRELESSTECHNOLOGIES GPS AND GPRS

A GPS (Global Positioning System) receivercalculates its position by precisely timing thesignals sent by the GPS satellites high abovethe Earth. Each satellite continually transmitsmessages containing the time the messagewas sent, precise orbital information (theephemeris), and the general system healthand rough orbits of all GPS satellites (thealmanac). The receiver measures the transittime of each message and computes thedistance to each satellite. Geometrictrilateration is used to combine thesedistances with the location of the satellites todetermine the receiver's location. The

position is displayed, perhaps with a movingmap display or latitude and longitude;elevation information may be included. Many

GPS units also show derived informationsuch as direction and speed, calculated fromposition changes. It is using a severalsatellites formation on the middle earth orbit.It is able to afford data about the positionindependently of the weather 24 hours dailyUsage of GPS is very wide, for example ina road transport (Figure 1), in both militaryand civilian aircraft or for the touristapparatus. In Slovakia it is often used as amonitoring and navigational device in a road

transport. GPS device is a passive longmeasuring system, so GPS device is only

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GPS este un sistem pasiv de msurare lung,aa c dispozitivul GPS este numai unreceptor, el nu transmite nicio informaie.GPS-ul primete semnale de la diferii satelii

pe care i poate vedea pe cer cu mesajul de

navigare incluznd parametrii drumuluisatelitului i alte informaii utile pentrudeterminarea poziiei i pentru monitorizareastrii sistemului.

receiver it does not transmit any data. GPSreceives signals from different satellites itcan see on the sky with navigational messageincluding satellite path parameters and otheruseful information for position determination

and the system status monitoring.

Figura 1. Figure 1.

Pachetul general de servicii radio (GPRS)este un pachet orientat spre serviciile de datemobile disponibile pentru utilizatoriisistemelor globale de comunicaie 2G(GSM), dar i 3G. n sistemele 2G, GPRSasigurrate de date de 56-114 Kbit/s.

Transferul de date GPRS estencrcat tipic per megabyte pentru traficultransferat, n timp ce comunicarea datelor

prin schimbare de circuit tradiional estetaxatla minut pentru timpul de conexiune, inu conteaz dac utilizatorul i folosetecapacitatea sau este n starea idle. GPRS esteun pachet foarte bun de servicii schimbate,spre deosebire de schimbarea de circuit, undeo anumit calitate a serviciului (QoS) estegarantat n timpul conexiunii pentruutilizatorii care nu sunt mobili.

General packet radio service (GPRS) is apacket oriented mobile data service availableto users of the 2G cellular communicationsystems global system for mobilecommunications (GSM), as well as in the 3Gsystems. In the 2G systems, GPRS providesdata rates of 56-114 Kbit/s.GPRS data transfer is typically charged permegabyte of traffic transferred, while datacommunication via traditional circuitswitching is billed per minute of connectiontime, independent of whether the useractually is using the capacity or is in an idlestate. GPRS is a best-effort packet switchedservice, as opposed to circuit switching,where a certain quality of service (QoS) isguaranteed during the connection for non-mobile users.

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3. REALIZAREA CONEXIUNII NTRECAMIOANE I CENTRUL CAREFOLOSETE GPS I GPRS

Urmtorul text descrie realizarea reelei de

computer n compania care asigur transporti logistic. Utilizarea tehnologiilor GPS iGPRS pentru a conecta dispozitivele detransport la reeaua computerizat a ntregiicompanii a permis simplificareamanagementului transportului, adic traficuldomestic i transportul internaional alturide o puternic micorare a costurilor i ocretere a venitului i a profitului.

3.1.Reeaua computerizat este creat

din:

Partea centraleste fcutdin reeaua

LAN cu componentele:Computer pentru expedierea

mesajelorComputere n camerele de

lucruComputere n seciunea de

economieServer de comunicaie

Mainile de transport cu computer de bord,cu receptor GPS i terminal GPRS

3.2.Funcionalitatea locurilor de muncsingle

Computerul de bord din cabina unui vehiculscaneaz o poziie a vehiculului folosindGSM i n conformitate cu datele n carecomputerul completeaz zilnic nregistrarea

performanei oferului. oferul introduce ncomputer cheltuielile pe care le suport ntimpul unei zile de lucru. Toate datele dincomputerul de bord sunt trimise lacomputerul central folosind GPRS i apoi ladispecer unde sunt executate i evaluate [8].

Conform informaiilor de la centruunde cererile pentru transport sunt puselaolalt, dispecerul trimite comenzi oferilor.Date de la computerul de bord sunt folosite de dispecer

pentru:

Monitorizarea strii vehiculului,monitorizarea randamentului oferului

3. REALIZATION OF THECONNECTION BETWEEN TRUCKSAND CENTRE USING GPSAND GPRS

Following text describes computer netrealization in the company providingtransport and logistics . Using of GPS andGPRS technologies to connect transportdevices with the whole companys computernetwork enabled simplification of transportmanagement, namely domestic freight trafficand international truck transport along with astrong cost cutting and increasing of incomeand profit.

3.1.

Computer network is created:

Central partis made from LANnetwork with components:

Dispatching computerComputers in workroomsComputers on the economy

sectionCommunication server

Freight cars with a board-computer with aGPS receiver and GPRS terminal

3.2.Functionality of single workplaces

Board-computer in a vehicles cabin scans avehicle position using GSM and according tothe data the computer is filling daily recordof drivers performance. Driver inputsexpenses into the computer that he has duringa working day. All data from the board-computer are sent to the central computer

using GPRS and then to the dispatcher wherethey are executed and evaluated [8].According to information from centre whererequests for transport are gathered, thedispatcher sends commands to drivers.Data from board-computer are used by dispatcher for:

Monitoring of the vehicle status, monitoringof drivers outputOn the economic section for:Preparing of invoices, monitoring of theexpenses

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n seciunea economicpentru:Pregtirea facturilor, monitorizarea

cheltuielilor

3.3.Avantajele conexiunii mainilor de

transport folosind GPS i GPRS

Realizarea descrissimplificmanagementulde transport, adictraficul de transportdomestic i transportul internaionalmpreuncu o puternicscdere a costurilori o cretere a venitului i a profitului. Maiexact se pot specifica urmtoarele avantaje.

Localizrile vehiculelorOptimizarea muncii oferuluinregistrarea electroniczilnica

vehiculului/oferuluiProcesarea automata randamentului

oferuluiLista liniilorVerificarea consumuluiEconomiileAdunarea simpli rapidfra

verifica vehicululMinimizarea manipulrii manualeAccesul la sistem 24 ore pe zi oriunde

n lume

4. TEHNOLOGIA 802.11 WI-FI IBLUETOOTH-UL

Reelele WI-FI sunt standardizate decomitetul IEEE 802 ca o regul 802.11.Aceste reele opereaz ntr-o frecvenneliceniat2,4 i 5 GHz i ating viteza de 56Mbit/s. Utilizatorul individual nu are nevoiede permisiunea oficiilor locale atunci cnd

folosete reele WI-FI. n ara noastr,permisiunea este dat de oficiul detelecomunicaii ca i o permisiune comun,nu se pltete, dar trebuie s respectmcondiiile specific.Permite crearea unei reele computerizateLAN (Figura 2) frcablu i astfel scdereacosturilor de construcie sau de extindere areelei [6].Conexiunile WI-FI wireless sunt profitabilen acele zone n care nu se pot folosi cabluri

de exemplu n exterior sau n cldiri istorice,n locuri n care repoziionarea configuraiei

3.3.Advantages of the freight carsconnection using GPS and GPRS

Described realization simplifies transportmanagement, namely domestic freight traffic

and international truck transport along with astrong cost cutting and increasing of incomeand profit. More precisely there can bespecified following advantages.

Localizations of vehiclesOptimization of drivers workElectronic daily record of

vehicle/driverAutomatic processing of the drivers

outputList of lines

Consumption checkingCost savingSimple and quick assembly without

check on vehicleMinimizing manual manipulationAccess into the system 24 hours daily

anywhere in the world

4. TECHNOLOGY 802.11 WI-FI ANDBLUETOOTH

WI-FI nets are standardized by IEEE 802committee as a rule 802.11. These netsoperate in an unlicensed frequency range 2,4and 5 GHz and they reach speed about 56Mbit/s. Individual user does not need

permission of a local offices when he usesWI-FI nets. In our country the permission isgiven by the telecommunication office asa Common permission, it is not paid, but it isnecessary to respect the specific conditions.

It allows creating a computer network LAN(Figure 2) without cables and in this way todecrease the costs of building or expandingthe net [6].Wireless connections WI-FI are profitable inthose areas where it is not possible to usecables for example in the exteriors orhistorical buildings, in places whererepositioning of the computer configurationis very often or for the companies which needto connect computers on different locations

(for example transport systems).

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computerizate este foarte des ntlnit saupentru companii care au nevoie s conectezecomputere n diferite locaii (de exemplu,sistemele de transport).

Figura.2. Reea wireless [6] Figure.2. Wireless network [6]

Tehnologiile Bluetooth sunt un protocolwireless deschis pentru schimbul de date pedistane mici de la dispozitive fixe i mobile,crend reele n zone personale (PANs) Aufost concepute iniial ca o alternativwirelessla cablurile de date RS232. Pot conecta maimulte dispozitive, probleme covritoare desincronizare. Bluetooth i Wi-Fi au multeaplicaii n birourile i casele de astzi, i nmicare: instalarea reelelor, imprimarea sautransferul prezentrilor i fiierelor de laPDA la computere. Ambele sunt versiuni aletehnologiei wireless neliceniate [2].

5. TEHNOLOGIILE WI-FIREALIZATE N TRANSPORT

Urmtorul text descrie realizarea reeleicomputerizate n compania care asigur

transport, expediere i depozitare. Pentru aconecta camioanele n micare cucomputerele din brana i reeaua globalcomputerizat a fost necesar folosireareelelor Wi-Fi wireless.

5.1.Reeaua computerizat este creatdin:

Parteacentral, care este alctuitdinreeaua LAN cu componentele urmtoare:

Bluetooth technologiesare an open wirelessprotocol for exchanging data over shortdistances from fixed and mobile devices,creating personal area networks (PANs). Itwas originally conceived as a wirelessalternative to RS232 data cables. It canconnect several devices, overcoming

problems of synchronization. Bluetooth andWi-Fi have many applications in today'soffices, homes, and on the move: setting upnetworks, printing, or transferring

presentations and files from PDAs tocomputers. Both are versions of unlicensedwireless technology [2].

5. WI-FI TECHNOLOGIES REALIZEDIN A ROAD TRANSPORT

Following text describes computer network

realization in the company providingtransport, forwarding and storing. To connectmoving trucks with computers in the

branches and overall computer network itwas necessary to use wireless nets Wi-Fi.

5.1.The computer network is created:

Central part, it is made from LANnetwork with components:

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Servere:Web serverWindows 2003 Server,SQL Server,

Mail server

Staii (Windows XP)cufunciile:

Evidena contabilacompaniei

Pstrarea stoculuiFacturareaConexiunea bancar

Sucursale n care se afl:Computerul central include

adaptor de radio Wi-Fipentru recepionarea

datelor de la camioaneCamioane includ computere

PDA (cu cititor de codde bare, program depstrare a stocului,modul fiscal,imprimantconectatprin Bluetooth)

5.2.Descrierea depozitrii i procesul denlturare:

n timpul ncrcrii stocului, angajaii citesccodul de bare al produsului, folosindadaptorul radio Wi-Fi ei trimit datele la PC-ul central i, dup ce procesul este finalizat(camionul este plin cu stocurile dorite),maina prsete zona.oferii de camioane livreaz stocurile laclieni, stocurile date sunt scanate de terminaliar factura sau acontul de cash este imprimat

(terminalul de scanare, ca i imprimanta, suntsituate n cabina camionului). Dup aceea,maina care nu a ncrcat oferii de camionlisteaz factura livrrii i nregistrarea

potenialei ordini n PDA (Figura 3).De obicei terminalul are urmtoarele funcii:

Problema facturii livrriiProblema facturriiVnzarea n numerar i nregistrarea

ntr-un modul fiscal, de faptntreg sistemul de depozitare

pentru mainca un depozitnregistrarea comenzilor

Servers:Web serverWindows 2003 Server,SQL Server,

Mail server

Stations (Windows XP) withfunctions:

Company accountancyStock holding

InvoicingBank connection

Branches where are:Central computer - includes

radio WI-FI adapter forreceiving data fromtrucks

Trucks - including PDAcomputers (with barcode reader, Stockholding programme,fiscal module, printerconnected byBluetooth)

5.2.The description of the storage andremoval process:

Employees during stock loading are readingproduct bar code, by using WI-FI radioadapter they are sending data into the centralPC and after the process is finished (truck isfull with desired stocks) the car leaves thearea.Truck drivers deliver stocks to customers,given stocks are scanned by terminal and theinvoice or cash account is printed (scanningterminal as well as printer are situated in the

truck cabin). After the car unloading truckdrivers print out bill of delivery and record

potential order into the PDA (Figure 3.).Usually the terminal has following functions:

Issue of the bill of deliveryIssue of the invoiceCash sale and registration in a fiscal

module, actually all the storesystem for the car as a store

Registering of ordersRegistering of customer requests for

example request for new assortmentAfter the truck returns to the branches, car

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nregistrarea cererilor clienilor, deexemplu cererea pentru un nou sortimentDup ce camionul se ntoarce la sucursal,maina PDA se conecteaz la computerulcentral i trimite toate informaiile legate de

furnizare, facturi, ordine i vnzri nnumerar. ntr-un computer central se poatevedea starea numerarului la birou bani nnumerar, facturarea i facturile de livrare carear trebui facturate n mod consecvent. Dupaceea, datele calculate sunt trimise la Centru[10].

PDA connects with central computer andsends all information about made supply,invoices, orders and cash sales. In a centralcomputer it is possible to see the cash deskstatus cash money, made invoices and bills

of delivery that should be invoicedconsequently. After data computing data sentinto the Centre [10].

Figura 3. Camioane conectate la sucursalecare folosesc WI-FI

Figure 3. Trucks connected to branches usingWI-FI

5.3.Avantajele folosirii conexiunilorwireless pentru firme i companii carefolosesc mijloace de transport:

- Posibilitatea de a schimba furnizarea nconformitate cu cererea curent aclientului i cu disponibilitatea stocurilordin main

- Posibilitatea vnzrii n numerar, n cazuln care clientul are disponibilitate de

platsczut- Sucursale nu se confruntcu intrarea, ci

doar cu ieirea, intrarea mai multorsucursale poate fi fcutde centru

-

La centru se pot optimiza comenzile nconformitate cu starea curent a

5.3. Advantages of wireless connectionsuses for firms and companies that areusing means of transport:

- possibility to change supply accordingto the actual request of the customer andstocks availability in the car

- possibility of the cash sale, if thecustomer has low payment discipline

- branches does not deal with entry, onlywith the issuance, the entry of more

branches can be done by headquarters- In the headquarters it is possible to

optimize the orders according to current

status of the stocks on the branches andaccording to obtained orders

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stocurilor din sucursale i n conformitatecu comenzile obinute

6. CONCLUZIE

Este necesar ca fiecare organizaie sconecteze computerele la reeaua decomputere din toate domeniile indiferentdac acestea sunt statice n unele zone saudac ies din cldirea principal. n astfel decazuri, este inevitabil folosirea mijloacelorde comunicaie radio. Acest lucru, n condiiifinanciare foarte rentabile, poate conectacomputerele aflate n LAN central i permite

pstrare strii aduse la zi a bazelor de datedin companie imediat dup schimbarea

rezervelor de stoc. [4].

BIBLIOGRAFIE

[1]Thomas, R.M.: Lokln potaov ste, 1.vyd. Computer Press Brno 1998, ISBN80-85896-45-1, 276 s.

[2]Pumanov, R.: Bezpenost bezdrtovkomunikace, 1.pub., CP Books a.s. Brno2005, ISBN 80-251-0791-4

[3]Professional Computing, Magazn pre ITprofesionlov, DCD publishing s.r.o,ISSN 1214-5335.

[4]Kllay F., Peniak P.: Potaov stea jejich aplikace, Grada 2003, ISBN 80-247-0545-1

[5]Pumanov, R.: Bezdrtov prvn,Network Computing, 11/2003, ISSN1214-3138, pages 63-67.

[6]

ustekov D.: Potaov siete a Internet,1.pub., U EDIS 2007, ilina, ISBN 978-80-8070-737-8

[7]ANSI/IEEE Std. 802.11, Part11:Controlul de acces al mijlocului LANwireless (MAC) i stratul fizic (PHY),

[8]ustekov, D: Prenos dajovprostrednctvom siet GPS a GPRS vcestnej nkladnej doprave, DaS Internetov asopis, ilinsk univerzita,ilina, ISSN 1336-7676

[9]

PC WORLD, Magazn digitlniho vku,IDG Czech,

6. CONCLUSION

It is necessary for each organization toconnect computers into computer network inall objects independently on the fact whetherthese objects are static in some areas or aremoving out of the main building. In suchcases it is inevitable to use radiocommunication medium. This in verylucrative financial conditions can connectcomputers placed in trucks with thecomputers in the central LAN and it allowskeeping updated status of the company

databases immediately after the change of thestock reserves [4].

REFERENCES

[11] Thomas, R.M.: Lokln potaovste, 1. vyd. Computer Press Brno 1998,ISBN 80-85896-45-1, 276 s.

[12]

Pumanov, R.: Bezpenost bezdrtovkomunikace, 1.pub., CP Books a.s. Brno2005, ISBN 80-251-0791-4

[13]Professional Computing, Magazn preIT profesionlov, DCD publishing s.r.o,ISSN 1214-5335.

[14]Kllay F., Peniak P.: Potaov stea jejich aplikace, Grada 2003, ISBN 80-247-0545-1

[15]Pumanov, R.: Bezdrtov prvn,Network Computing, 11/2003, ISSN

1214-3138, pages 63-67.[16]ustekov D.: Potaov siete

a Internet, 1.pub., U EDIS 2007, ilina,ISBN 978-80-8070-737-8

[17]ANSI/IEEE Std. 802.11, Part11:Wirelless LAN Medium AccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY),

[18]ustekov, D: Prenos dajovprostrednctvom siet GPS a GPRS vcestnej nkladnej doprave, DaS

Internetov asopis, ilinsk univerzita,ilina, ISSN 1336-7676

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[10] ustekov, D: Vyuitie technolgieWI-FI v dopravnch organizcich, DaS Internetov asopis, ilinsk univerzita,ilina, ISSN 1336-7676

[19]PC WORLD, Magazn digitlniho vku,IDG Czech, ustekov, D: Vyuitietechnolgie WI-FI v dopravnchorganizcich, DaS Internetov asopis,ilinsk univerzita, ilina, ISSN 1336-

7676

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