2554 ิทยาลัทยาลิลปากรยศ · 2014-01-24 · KANITTHA PRAMPREECHAYAN: THE ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE OF BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOL IN KANCHANABURI PRIMARY

บรรยากาศองคการของสถานศกษาขนพนฐาน สงกด สานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3

โดย นางสาวกนษฐา เปรมปรชาญาณ

การคนควาอสระนเปนสวนหนงของการศกษาตามหลกสตรปรญญาศกษาศาสตรมหาบณฑต สาขาวชาการบรหารการศกษา ภาควชาการบรหารการศกษา

บณฑตวทยาลย มหาวทยาลยศลปากร ปการศกษา 2554

ลขสทธของบณฑตวทยาลย มหาวทยาลยศลปากร

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สมดกลาง

บรรยากาศองคการของสถานศกษาขนพนฐาน สงกด สานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3

โดย นางสาวกนษฐา เปรมปรชาญาณ

การคนควาอสระนเปนสวนหนงของการศกษาตามหลกสตรปรญญาศกษาศาสตรมหาบณฑต สาขาวชาการบรหารการศกษา ภาควชาการบรหารการศกษา

บณฑตวทยาลย มหาวทยาลยศลปากร ปการศกษา 2554

ลขสทธของบณฑตวทยาลย มหาวทยาลยศลปากร

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THE ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE OF BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOL

IN KANCHANABURI PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE 3

By

Kanittha Premprechayan

An Independent Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

MASTER OF EDUCATION

Department of Educational Administration

Graduate School

SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY

2011

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บณฑตวทยาลย มหาวทยาลยศลปากร อนมตใหการคนควาอสระเรอง “ บรรยากาศองคการของสถานศกษาขนพนฐานสงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 ” เสนอโดย นางสาวกนษฐา เปรมปรชาญาณ เปนสวนหนงของการศกษาตามหลกสตรปรญญาศกษาศาสตรมหาบณฑต สาขาวชาการบรหารการศกษา

……........................................................... (ผชวยศาสตราจารย ดร.ปานใจ ธารทศนวงศ)

คณบดบณฑตวทยาลย วนท..........เดอน.................... พ.ศ...........

อาจารยทปรกษาการคนควาอสระ รองศาสตราจารย ดร.ศรชย ชนะตงกร คณะกรรมการตรวจสอบการคนควาอสระ .................................................... ประธานกรรมการ (ผชวยศาสตราจารย ดร.ประเสรฐ อนทรรกษ) ............/......................../.............. .................................................... กรรมการ (อาจารย ดร.สาเรง ออนสมพนธ) ............/......................../.............. .................................................... กรรมการ (รองศาสตราจารย ดร.ศรชย ชนะตงกร) ............/......................../..............

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50252401 : สาขาการบรหารการศกษา คาสาคญ : บรรยากาศองคการของสถานศกษา กนษฐา เปรมปรชาญาณ : บรรยากาศองคการของสถานศกษาขนพนฐาน สงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบรเขต 3 อาจารยทปรกษาการคนควาอสระ : รศ.ดร.ศรชย ชนะตงกร

การวจยครงน มวตถประสงค เพอทราบ 1) บรรยากาศองคการของสถานศกษาขนพนฐาน สงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 และ 2) แนวทางการพฒนาองคการของสถานศกษาขนพนฐาน สงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 ตวอยางของการวจย คอ สถานศกษาขนพนฐาน สงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 จานวน 70 แหง โดยผใหขอมล ไดแก ผบรหารสถานศกษา คร และตวแทนคณะกรรมการสถานศกษาขนพนฐาน รวมทงสน จานวน 210 คน เครองมอทใชในการวจยเปนแบบสอบถามเกยวกบบรรยากาศองคการตามแนวคดของฟอกซ และ คณะ ( Fox and others ) สถตทใชในการวเคราะหขอมล คอ ความถ รอยละ คามชฌมเลขคณต และการวเคราะหเนอหา

ผลการวจยพบวา .บรรยากาศองคการของสถานศกษาขนพนฐาน สงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 โดยภาพรวมและรายดานอยในระดบมาก โดยเรยงลาดบจากมากไปหานอย ดงน การมขวญกาลงใจสง ดานการผนกกาลงในการทางาน ดานการยอมรบนบถอ ดานการมโอกาสในการทางาน ดานการไววางใจ ดานการเอออาทรตอกน ดานการปรบปรงหนวยงาน ดานความกาวหนาทางวชาการและสงคมอยางตอเนอง .แนวทางการพฒนาองคการของสถานศกษาขนพนฐาน สงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 ดงน เปดโอกาสใหผปกครอง คณะกรรมการสถานศกษาเขามารวมในกจกรรม ประชมผปกครองเพอรบทราบปญหา ใหครไดมสวนรวมในการแสดงความคดเหนและตดสนใจ จดสวสดการและสงอานวยความสะดวกในการทางาน จดบรรยากาศการเรยนรตามความตองการของผเรยน สงเสรมใหครมการทางานเปนทม สงครเขารบการพฒนาทางวชาชพ มระบบนเทศตดตามการทางาน ครผปกครองเปนแบบอยางทด สรางแรงจงใจใหแกครและนกเรยน สงเสรมการทาวจยและศกษานกเรยนเปนรายบคคล

ภาควชาการบรหารการศกษา บณฑตวทยาลย มหาวทยาลยศลปากร ปการศกษา 2554 ลายมอชอนกศกษา ................................ ลายมอชออาจารยทปรกษาการคนควาอสระ ………………….…..

ง

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50252401 : EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION

KEY WORDS : ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE

KANITTHA PRAMPREECHAYAN: THE ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE OF BASIC

EDUCATION SCHOOL IN KANCHANABURI PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA

OFFICE 3. INDEPENDENT STUDY ADVISORS : ASSOC. PROF. SIRICHAI CHINATANGKUL,

Ph.D. 113 pp.

The purposes of this research were to determine : 1) the organizational climate of basic

education schools in Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 and 2) the guidelines for

development of the organizational climate of basic education schools in Kanchanaburi Primary

Educational Service Area Office 3. The sample was consisted of 70 schools of Kanchanaburi Primary

Educational Service Area Office 3. The respondents were administrators, teachers, and representatives

from basic educational school board of committees, with the total of 210. The research instrument was a

questionnaire about the organizational climate based on Fox and others. The statistics used to analyze

the data were frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and content analysis.

The findings were as follows:

1. the organizational climate of basic education schools in Kanchanaburi Primary

Educational Service Area Office 3, as a whole and as an individual, was at a high level; ranking from

the highest to the lowest mean : high morale, cohesiveness and cooperation, recognition, work

opportunities, trust, kindness, organizational development, and academic and social growth.

2. the guidelines for the development of the organizational climate of basic education

schools in Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 were as follow : parents and school

board of committee's involvement in school activities and teacher-parent association meeting, teachers'

involvement in decision-making and sharing opinions, provision of facilities and job benefits, learning

atmosphere according to students' needs, building teamwork, teachers' professional development, job

monitoring and supervision, teacher as a role model, teachers' and students' motivation, encourage

teachers to conduct the action research, and focus on each student individually.

____________________________________________________________________________________ Department of Educational Administration, Graduate School, Silpakorn University, Academic Year 2011

Student’s signature .............................. Independent Study Advisor’s signature .........................................

จ

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กตตกรรมประกาศ

สารนพนธฉบบนสาเรจลลวงดวยด โดยไดความอนเคราะหอยางดยงจาก รองศาสตราจารย ดร.ศรชย ชนะตงกร อาจารยทปรกษาการคนควาอสระ ดร.สาเรง ออนสมพนธ และ ผชวยศาสตราจารย ดร.ประเสรฐ อนทรรกษ กรณาใหคาแนะนา ตรวจ แกไขปญหาตาง ๆ จนสาเรจเรยบรอยโดยสมบรณ ผวจยขอกราบขอบพระคณ เปนอยางสงมาณ โอกาสน ขอขอบพระคณคณาจารยในสาขาบรหารการศกษาทกทานทใหความร ใหคาแนะนา เอาใจใส อบรมสงสอน เปนกาลงใจ ใหขอคดและเปนแบบอยางทด ทาใหสารนพนธฉบบนมความสมบรณมากยงขน ขอขอบพระคณ ดร. อดลย วงคกลอม นายนวฒน โชตววฒน ศกษานเทศกสานกงานการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต นายประภาส มากมทรพย ผอานวยการโรงเรยนพทธวมตวทยา นางชชฏาพร โชคสงวนทรพย ผอานวยการโรงเรยนบานหนดาด ทกรณาตรวจสอบใหคาแนะนาเพอปรงปรงเครองมอในการวจย และ ผทใหความชวยเหลอ เพอนๆรน ทกทานทคอยสนบสนนเปนกาลงใจในการทาสารนพนธเลมนใหสาเรจดวยด คณประโยชนอนเนองมาจากสารนพนธเลมนขอมอบบชาแด บดา มารดา คร อาจารย ผ ประสทธประสาทวชา และครอบครว “เปรมปรชาญาณ”ทกทาน

ฉ

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ช

สารบญ

หนา บทคดยอภาษาไทย ......................................................................................................................... ง บทคดยอภาษาองกฤษ ......................................................................................................................... จ กตตกรรมประกาศ .......................................................................................................................... ฉ สารบญตาราง .......................................................................................................................... ญ บทท

1 บทนา.................................................................................................................................. 1 ความเปนมาและความสาคญของปญหา..................................................................... 2 ปญหาการวจย............................................................................................................ 3 วตถประสงคของการวจย........................................................................................... 7 ขอคาถามของการวจย............................................................................................... 7 สมมตฐานของการศกษา............................................................................................ 8 ขอบขายทางทฤษฎของการวจย.................................................................................. 10 ขอบเขตการวจย......................................................................................................... 11 นยามคาศพท.............................................................................................................. 11

2 วรรณกรรมทเกยวของ......................................................................................................... 13 บรรยากาศองคการ..................................................................................................... 13

แนวคดเกยวกบบรรยากาศองคการ.................................................................. 14 ความหมายบรรยากาศองคการ........................................................................ 14 ความสาคญบรรยากาศองคการ........................................................................ 17 องคประกอบบรรยากาศองคการ...................................................................... 19 แบบบรรยากาศองคการ................................................................................... 24 ความหมายและความสาคญของบรรยากาศองคการในสถานศกษา.......…….. 30 องคประกอบบรรยากาศในสถานศกษา........................................................... 33 องคประกอบบรรยากาศในสถานศกษาตามแนวคดของฟอกซ และคณะ........ 38

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ซ

บทท หนา

สานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต ........................... 42 งานวจยทเกยวของ………………………………………………………….. 45 สรป........................................................................................................................ 52

3 วธการดาเนนการวจย........................................................................................................ 53 ขนตอนการดาเนนการวจย....................................................................................... 53 ระเบยบวธวจย......................................................................................................... 54 แผนแบบการวจย.............................................................................................. 54 ประชากร…………………………………………………………………….. 55 กลมตวอยาง………………………………………………………………….. 55 ตวแปรทศกษา.................................................................................................. 56 เครองมอทใชในการวจย................................................................................... 57 การสรางเครองมอทใชในการวจย.................................................................... 58 การเกบรวบรวมขอมล..................................................................................... 59 การวเคราะหขอมลและสถตทใชในการวจย.................................................... 59 สรป.......................................................................................................................... 61

4 ผลการวเคราะหขอมล....................................................................................................... 62 ตอนท 1 สถานภาพและขอมลทวไปของผตอบแบบสอบถาม……………………. 62 ตอนท 2 บรรยากาศองคการของสถานศกษาขนพนฐาน สงกดสานกงานเขตพนท

การศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3.................................................. 64

ตอนท 3 แนวทางการพฒนา บรรยากาศองคการของสถานศกษาขนพนฐาน สงกด สานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3.....................

74

5 สรป อภปรายผล และขอเสนอแนะ................................................................................ 76 สรปผลการวจย....................................................................................................... 76 การอภปรายผล......................................................................................................... 79 ขอเสนอแนะ ............................................................................................................ 82 ขอเสนอแนะของการวจย............................................................................... 82

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ฌ

บรรณานกรม ภาคผนวก ก หนงสอขอความอนเคราะหตรวจเครองมอ............................................... ภาคผนวก ข หนงสอขอความอนเคราะหทดลองเครองมอ............................................ ภาคผนวก ค หนงสอขอความอนเคราะหในการเกบรวบรวมเรองมอ........................... ภาคผนวก ง รายชอโรงเรยนกลมตวอยาง..................................................................... ภาคผนวก จ แบบสอบถามเพอการวจย........................................................................... ภาคผนวก ฉ คาความเชอมนของเครองมอ.....................................................................

ประวตผวจย.

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ญ

สารบญตาราง

ตารางท หนา

1 ขอมลสถานภาพทวไปของผตอบแบบสอบถาม................................................................ 63 2 คามชฌมเลขคณต สวนเบยงเบนมาตรฐาน ของระดบสภาพบรรยากาศองคการของ

สถานศกษา สงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 โดยภาพรวม.......................................................................................................

65 3 คามชฌมเลขคณต สวนเบยงเบนมาตรฐาน ของระดบสภาพบรรยากาศองคการของ

สถานศกษา สงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 ดานการยอมรบนบถอ........................................................................................


สถานศกษา สงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 ดานการไววางใจ.................................................................................................


สถานศกษา สงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 ดานการมขวญและกาลงใจสง.............................................................................


สถานศกษา สงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 ดานการมโอกาสในการทางาน...........................................................................


สถานศกษา สงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 ดานการความกาวหนาทางวชาการและสงคมอยางตอเนอง.................................


สถานศกษา สงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 ดานการผนกกาลงในการทางาน..........................................................................

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ฎ

ตารางท หนา

คามชฌมเลขคณต สวนเบยงเบนมาตรฐาน ของระดบสภาพบรรยากาศองคการของ สถานศกษาสงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 ดานการปรงปรงหนวยงาน................................................................................

คามชฌมเลขคณต สวนเบยงเบนมาตรฐาน ของระดบสภาพบรรยากาศองคการของ

สถานศกษาสงกดสานกงานเขตพนทการศกษาประถมศกษากาญจนบร เขต 3 ดานการเอออาทรตอกน....................................................................................

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2008,Available from http://www.vcharkarn.com/include/vcafe/showkratoo.php?Pid~60244

12 Robert S. Fox and others., School Improvement: A Challenge to the School

Administrator (Englewood, Colorado: Phi Delta Kappa, 1973 ), 7-9

สำนกหอ


6

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Q.oO ~ Q..OQ.It/ • ' "" ' ' ""

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fl9i~u~'!Y~tl'u'l1'tjj'll1 ~~!l'U ~ 1m1'WU<1~ ~~<~ ~f-l<~~ummwu<~~~wmVi '1 m;:h 1i (Likert) '1.1'i'Yn111

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<1.1 • ""' Q '3J "" ""'""' I <:> 3) 'IJ1t)J (espnn) 4) fll'Jf1''U'Vlf1''UIJ (intimacy) ll<l~Vit)l'lfl'J'JIJ'IJ!l~rjlJ'JMl'J 4 lJI'I 1) fll'JMl~lll'U

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f1'1JVi'U'Ii (consideration) f1'1'U U<l~ fl'l'l~lfl!l'J (Litwin and Stringer) ll1'U11!l~flfll'llJ1J'J'JV1fllft'Ul

13 Daniel Katz and Robert L. Kahn, The Social Psychology of Organization, 2nd ed.

(New York : John Wiley & Son, 1970), 20.

14 Chari S. Milton, Human Behavior in Organization (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey :

Prentice - Hall Inc, 1981), 1 1-12.

15 Rensis Likert, New Pattern of Management (New York: McGraw-Hill ,1961), 123-233.

16 Andrew W. Halpin and Don B. Croft, The Organizational Climate of School (Chicago:

University of Chicago press,1963),133·152

สำนกหอ


7

' ' . m1V1fllfYll~flfll1lfl'1ll~i'lllflHi~Vfl'l1 Revised or Improved Climate Questionnaire lJ9 lJA 1'1~11

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v 0 "''.Q.I

'IJ!lflltiUifl111'iiU

17 George Litwin and Robert Stringer, Jr, Motivation and Organizational Climate(Boston :

Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration Harvard University,l968),

45-65 ,205-207,

18 Wayne K.Hoy and Cecil G.Miskel, Educational Administration: Theory Research and

Practice (New York: McGraw· Hill ,2001),297.

สำนกหอ


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Q 21 ' ""' ..... Q.l d IIJ :v ' ,J Vlt]lllm'ilJ'!jflflll !'lfW!f11J1f1'lJ !lllfl!!lJ'W !!ll~flW~ (Altman and others) lflllm'U'i'i!Jlfllft!l~flfll'l

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'i1l.Jf11'i ruf'IJ!J~'!jflflll!~IJ1n'lJ'In! 1~'11 !l ~'!Jflfl!l1f11Jtl1'11 'Wf1iil1u u H 5 lh ~ fll'i ~!l I) 'lllt]!'II!Nfl~

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6) m'lflumhli~l'Wmnlm'W 7) m;ur~u~~nm'Wi'imn 8) nmillmmllilln'W .r~ufl'W!Jil~ 1

21 Keith Davis. Human Relation at Word: Organizational Behavior,6"' (New York:

McGraw-Hill,l981)105.

22 Steven Altman, Val Enzi, and Budgets Richard. Organizational Behavior: Theory and

Practice. (Orlando: Academic Press lnc.,l985),65-68.

23 F.C. Cornell "Socially Perception Administration." Phi Delta Kappen 36 ZMarch 1955.

Quote in Thomas W.Wingging. "Wender Behavior Characteristics and Organizational Climate."

Ph.d. dissertation, Clare mint Graduate School, 1968.3

สำนกหอ


10

l'lllTYUl '"i:i'~lJ (Context) 4

l'I111'YUft1'11~fi~ ff"'llJ U~~fil1llJ~~

• ~ ~ i1l'l~u (input) m~munn (Process) r-m~i\~ (Output)

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~lJl : tll::;~n.f~1f1 Robert S.Fox and others School Climate Improvement: A Challenge to the

School Administrator (Climate.1973). 7-9.

: Daniel Katz and Robert L.Kahn, The Social Psychology of Organization,

2nded. (New York: John Wiley & son, 1970), 20.

: m::;m1~fff1'11l~f11l. tilivmlU~Mnmlfff1'111Ju~ul!l'W~l1'1uil ~u11m1 (f11 ~!'11'11"1 ~ ' Hl1lJl1f1111'11ff'W1, 2546),12.

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"" d' 0 'J) <!it "' .... <!:!, H'W1fi~'U'i'W1f111'Hl~fif11'l'IJ8~ ~1'W1'W 8 ~1'W fit! 1. fi11lW8lJ'l'U'W'Ufl8 (Respect) 2. fi11lJ

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2. 1'111lJH1Nh

3. fll'lll'll1'1Jf'hl1~'l~lJ~

4. fll'llllll fill! i 'W f) l'l'vl1 ~ 1 'W

5. m1m~'U ll)l'Vl1~l'l51f11'l!!1:l~ff~fllJtltJ1.im~e~~

6. fll'lNW mi1l1~ 'I 'Wmn'hnw

7. rmtli''Utl1~llm'Wffmn lf. ' ~

8. fi11lJ!88ll1'Vl'lA8fl'W

d

'1'1:1.11: Robert S. Fox and others. School Improvement: A Challenge to the School Administrator

(Englewood, Colorado: Phi Delta Kappa,l973),7-9

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12

mu~ (Fox and others) ~~i'hmi'tl~~f1!l1J 8 tl~~nn fiv 1) rllllJ~!llJ~1J'W1J~!l 2) rllllJ

H11~l~ 3) m~~'ll1tunll1~l~<H 4) m~nlvmfflwmn1m'W 5) rllllJlA1J l111'1m'i'lflf11~lW~ • • • ff~tllJ!lVl~~!lli'J!l~ 6) f1UflUf1rlll1'~1'Wf111'1''ilnw 7) m~ti~1JtiHfftn'Wfff1Eil 8) rllllJl~!llllm

'

. '

ffm'W fimnmv 1 'W iY ~ rl'~ni111' f1~1Ul'II111Yl'W ~m~ fimntl~~illJffm-J 1mru~ 'W 1l'1 1'11111 3 . '

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.. 'U'I1'11 2

fm fffnll1 11 W m ~ lJ ~! ~ V1'1l' tl ~ rl'U ~ 1 U 1.0 Vfl f ~ 11 Hl .0 V i.l'fffl'lllt~ tl ~ m ~ V lfll r'ltl ~ rl f1l ~ • .o!il :..r """"0"" J.d !<!( & Q ..,9

'lltl~fftlll.J fffl'lll'll U 'l'tl.J ill.l ff ~ fll'l ff1U fl~ 1Ut'll l)l'l't U 'VI fll~ fffl'lllth ~ tllJ fffl'lllfll'IJ ~l.J 1J ~ ! '111)13 'If~ ~ ' ~ .

u~~fl<l'U~1Vff11~ff1fl'IJ .r~u 1) Ul.J1tll'lttlV1Dtlm~v1fllff<l~rlf111 2) ff1Wm1l.J!'III)lYIUi1 ' ' .

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' 'U";";!Jlf11 ff<l~i'l f11";

e~~ri'm~ rrmuu Mthv~1u ~il'IIU11'1t~fl 'f11<J'IIU11'11m\] ~ilm1lJoilu~e~u1 unnv'imu

de~JJu~~ne~u~1V1Jflmm 2 mjlJ ~v n~lJ~1i1m~ ull~fl~lJ~'i1m1u 1um~uuml~1u11JJnu~~ ~'ll1 '111 ~ .f <l ~ lJ uijl:flJoWU .fin ti!Jfl fill f1 ~ 1 U f11~ v'i 1 ~ 1l.J vmf~ t)~.f <l ~ rt¥ 1~tl ~ ~ V1 f11 ff1 U tl ~ rl fll5 ~ .r • _, ~ '~ ' ' • d • 1 0 .. 1. ~ 0 ~ !tl<l<lll.J1V1J~~ W'lll.l'INff1U1JflflllUll~<l~flf111 ff1Nff~t~l Ufll1'VI1~1W'I't<l 'f1!fll'lfl11lJff1tHUll~

t \'Ju '1 UVJ1lJ 1V~ QU ~ ~ rr ~ r1 'II<~~ e~~ri' m~

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Ul.J1tll'lt~V1Dtl'ln~Vlfllff<l~rlfll~ u~~fltl'U "l U~1V fl11lJ'f1lJ lV'II <J~m ~ V1fllfftl~rlf111

"" 0 :11 <!!. "" "" <!!. ,. 1 and others) lJ ~1U1U 8 1'11U l'ltl I. fl1llJV<llJ1tll.Jtltl<l (respect) 2. fl1llJ 111~ ~ (trust) 3.

f111lJ'IIi''IJfll!1'~1~\1'~ (high morale) 4. nnil1vmrr1unnv'iN1U (opportunity for input) 5. fl11lJ

t~tltVI'I'l1~1'll1fll~tlll~-ff~l'llJtlV1~1'ivtde~~ (continuous academic and social growth) 6. f111NUfl

0~1 0 _,~_, .. .r fllll~ 'Wf111'1'11~1U (cohesiveness) 7. f11~1J~t11J1~fftl1Ufff1'111 (school renewal) 8. fl1llJWtltll'VI1

l'ie~nu (caring)

13

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' ft1UJ'I'IUltl'll0~'U11!Jlnli'IMftnl1

14

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nn1'W t11 { u~ l1~tl uih1 m1 \U~'II B~'lltlft f1f1 ww11 ~ irru~ l\ut1 11~ w1 u 1 u .1' n! u Hllih1 u 1ll 1 u 111 ~ ' . u ~ ~l1'1'W am-i' u iu !1~ ~ ~ 1 ~ !1'lJ 1 :Jin 1 u B~ fi111 ~ 111 u ~ 'U1l ~ 1'W miN il u ~ ~~'Yl i f1 1'Vlfit~~tl1 '11 ~ B ~'U ~ '111 ~

t~~fimJuw~ ~'U1'11 ml\'t~~'U~'Ill~ ;)'fii11~B~fim~ ;ln~~ 1 ~ u11~!1'¥1~m~ v1111r11 'WI11~U~'U11~1'W t'Vl~1~m~ v1111r1 1 'WI11~'111~1'W~~..; ~~mM ~1uJuilu~~~'Ylim'Vl1#lt'liw1u linlJ'lf1~'11B~lJ'I{IJ tl'il

~ I 'j} d """ I""' I

ft1 1 lJ 91 B ~ f1 1 ~ B ~tl l1 Btl t 1!11 l1' f1 1'Vl U 1tll1 B lJ '111 ~ f1 1 Vf1 1 'Vl 'Yl'IJ t1 tll1 tN'lft)! B Ql f1 'W f1 11 t111 lJ !1'1 lJ 1 ~ t1 'II <l ~

1Jftftl1tfl v~., ut~ v1 ~ ~ r 'lJ 1.1' .r ~ J u )J '1-i ll tl'~ ~ .r B ~ ~ 1)J n~ )J t 1'1 u B ~fin 11 a~., )J )J '1-i ll tl't 1'1 u a~ tllJ 'II B~ " .<::!. = ~ 'j} cf't~ """"' B~tl 111~ lJf111 U~ ~f1B'U f1 ~ m ~lJt'Vl<ltlB'lJ l1''W <!~ ft11lJtltl ~111~'\JB~lJ '1-i ll V'Yl ~ l1''W 'W 111911111 ~'11l11V

I 'j} d' 'j}o.~.: vq'j} li)'JIT 'Yll'W hl'1'11m1lJ'IllJ1V'IIB~m~V1111ffB~t1111~ 11 t1~'W!l1l1U'W (Halpin) 1t1l'llft11lJ'IllJ1V n11

!II ""' ""' .d. ""' ~I " e!t ' d I "" ~ ~ t1 B~lJ1J tll1 f1f1 1'Vl'Yl U l1'tl~tl~ft11 lJt u 'W 91 'W W ~ <J ~ t1111 ~ '11 ~ B'll 'W 1 V~1'W f1! 'lf'W f1 'W l1'1lJ 11 f)!! l1't1 ~

nf1li\U~li<'Vl1~l'W#\1'Wm1V1111ff'IIB~lNni11~'11~B'IllJJV~1'W "l1t~noif Ul1~tl\U~ (Fox and others)

111 t111lJ '11 lJ 1 V'll B~'U 1 ~ V1f1 1 ffB ~ fi f1 11-:i1'Vl \1 ~ fl1 ~ lJ ll'W tfl t1 ~ 1 f1 f1 11 iJ U U am-i' 'W n ~ ~ '1111 ~ t1 'W 1 'W

""" ""' ""' 9 'j} I " ?I "" 'Y11t;]1 l!l1~l1'Y11'W (Taguri and Litwin) 1 '11ft11lJ'IllJ1V11m1 V1111ffB~t11111 tu'W l1f1li\U~'IIB~

~ ~~~ 1t1UBlJf11V 1 'WB~n1111fiB I) 1Jtlt1l11 'W B~n1111Ju f'UJ'Il~ BJfff1 1fi' 2) iJlJ'Yl i'Vll1~ B'Vlfl~l1l1 lJ ~ ' .. ~ ' 0 ~ • ' ~-' ' .. ,,.. '

'IIB~1Jtltll1 I 'W lNt1111>Hl1~3 )'UBf1tl~'JIU l1f1li\U~t11~'1 'Y1l 1 '11l!tlf1t1N I u ~111!Ntlf111<J'W '1 91~ttll1'll1B~

(Dessler) f1ll 11-:i1'U n V1111ffB~n f1 11 t \'J 'W ft11lJI ,)' 11 ~'II~ Bl11 ~ f 'lJ ¥ ~ 'lJ rlrll1 '11 ~ ~ ~ iJ ~ B <!~ fi 111 ~ ~ n 1!1'~ . ' 'lf1~1'WB'iUl1~ft11lJ¥lY11'11B~t'll1~iJ~BB~nl11~ ~~ B~1 'W~ '!Ji)~~1~'1 t'lf'W ft11lJI\'J'Wi;l1'11B~.l 1W~ 111~

'(i <1,1 "' <1,1

ttlt11 Bl11!1' 1m~l1'¥ 1~ 1111 M Nl1t1B'UU'Yl'W rmlJtm1~ 1-.i t111lJB'lJ~'WUl1~m~111 t111lJl1'W 'Ul1"1.i u" n'Uau

19 Andrew W. Halpin and Don B. Croft, The Organization Climate of School (Chicago :

The University of Chicago press, 1963 ), 60 - 67.

20 Robert S. Fox, and others, School Climate Improvement: A Challenge to the School

Administrator. Englewood; Colorado: Phi Delta Kappa, 1973.1-2

21 Richard Taguri, Richard and Litwin, Organizational Climate Explorations of a Concept

(Boston :Harvard University, 1966), 27.

22 Gary Dessler, Organization and Measures A Contingency Approach (Englewood Cliffs,

New Jersey :Prentice- Hall,lnc, 1976), 187.

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15

1 1 o' <=\.C:. a, .<';! I k Q I

(Gibson)!! n~ t1 w~ f1 n 11111J ~ ~ v 1f111Hl ~ t1 f1 11 :u v 'Vl'li 'Vl 1H11 'W v '1,1 tl nun~ fllJ :u '1,1 fill "li ~ :u Hn 1'1 v m~

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Gilmer) 1M'm1:u11mv·;h m1mmrw~fl'm1 fiv f1~m\'m;w~~1~'1 mv1'Wv~fl'm1~~f1lf1t1v .Q " <II Ql ' 'j) <:II " .:61 'jl =' .eo

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I I t/ _,Jj Q.l <J' <=\ <f k d <>I ~ """"' ""' !!l'lf11'11~~~1111~tl~tlf11~11'W ~f11Jtl~tlf111tlf1tl~tlf11~ 11 'W ~ 3) lU'Wl1f1'1.J W~'Vltl~'Vl'W !!11~ 4) :Utl'V11i'Vll1

' = , " 0 "' 13 "'""'i ""' l'ltl'Vlt]Am~:U~tl~tl'W 'Wtl~tlfll~ !'1'11111J • l"litlH ltl11'W'W !!11~!'1'1'111!!1¥1 (Sergiovanni and

Starratt) 1 M'il11lltltlfi11:U'.h m~v1mflv~fl'm~11mvii~m1:Uf11l:Uf1li'W 1 'W m~ H!'I':UH!'I'1'W 1~1111~~ 1

.I > 'r > o ~ > = > ~ Uu~'Vll~tl1'W ~tlH!'i'1N~tl~tl~tlf11~ ~uU1J1Jf11~ lU'WI';j'Wl!!l1~fJW 1lf1'1.JW~~tl~ f;jll11111 'Vl~tl:Uf11JH1l

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m~V1f11fltl~tlf11~ U11~1i'IJ'W1i~~:Utl~tlf11~ lu'W 11mm 1 ~ 'W 'V1 N!'l' ~tl:U 1'V1Vl!!l1~:U'W 'I.JV1'Vl V1 ~ 'W ~W~'Vl 0

fll~ ~ 1:U~ 1tl'W~tl~tl 'W ~ 1'W 1'W :U 1fH ,j' 1:U 11 1:U tl'W v'i 1 ~ 1'W 1'1 1:U ~~llJ V1J U 11 ~ UH'W ~ tl~ tl~fl fll~ ~ 1N 1 -j' 1~v 1 M'm~')H11<lll~ ~A1:Ufi11:U*11mVl~V1tl'W 271 'W~W~~ lin~m ~'W M'W 1 Mt111:u11mv11

<I !:'1 <~~ d.c1'"" ~I """ ""' ~ ""' 1J ~ ~ V1f11fltJ~tlm l u 'W ~~1J 1J \'1' ~ tl:U 'V1 :u 11'1 11 u ~~!'I' ~tl'lftll ~ 'W u 11 ~ mtl ~ 'W ~ 1f1f11 ~ ~ 1:u A 1~ v~ 1J t1 t1 n ' '

23 G.A.Forehand and Van RGilmer, "Environmental Variation in Studies of

Organizational Behavior. "Psychological Bulletin 62 0964 ). quoted in Warren RBroom and

Dennis J. Moberg. Organizational Theory and Management : A Macro Approach" (New York :

John Wiley & Son, Inc., 1980), 418.

24 Thomas J. Sergiovanni and Robert J.Starratt. Supervision Human Perspective,\983)83.

25 ""- <I <V o<V""'cl \1) 'W'Vl fl~'l,lty'Wltl,fl1!'1'1'11f11~~tlf11~. (f11~l'Vl'Vl"1 : !'l'l'Wfl'Vl:U'Vl\)1'1~ l'Vlfl1!1,2546),53.

" <I lJtl'VltJV'Vl, 2548),87.

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16

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.... QJ o' I 0 I ~~ <01 0

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o ~"'1"".d_ I .d.& "'"l1jl.<::l Q.lj/j~.d, 1~ ff1'W'l1lJ ti'W'I1'W ~ 'W ti'W '1'1 ~::;m'l <l~flm'l1lJliJ'I'I'I'l~U'l::;<Y ~fl ~fill '11lJfl1llJ'IJfiUIJ~'W till'l'lfffiU<l::; '11

~i' u N<!~1u Ju u<~::; ~lli)u~~ 1u Ju '1 29 n-illllv flt~~ri1 f1 cin:il

m'l 1Jlf11mml'f1n '11lJ lll~~ mJ 1v~ l'W '11 ~ ~ 1 u If~ fllJ '1~ i11~ u ml 11J~ l'W 'IJ!l~'l'll~ 'l l'lff11 'l

i'i1<Yl'l1n~ lt~f1'11'W ~~ihif1flru::;dlt1'11J 3 1h::;m., ~t~ l:i1Jflfl<~t~tlmJ't~v<rt~~flu~u'11.lnlJfiu ~I ' d ~ "I <d ,l • "I ~ < ~ ' < ' d 1 ~

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__s d ~ ~ ~ "1 <d ~ ~ >'31 <1ll'l~ ~fllllllJ11ll!Ju'l::;<Y~fl'l'llll~ n

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u.,., mmfft~~ f1 fll., 1 ~u ~ ~ ~ 1fi >~ ~ u ~ 1 f1 fll., 1l i)!Ym'l'u £ fiu 'IJ t~ ~ 'IJ t1 <~1m fi u ~ ~ u 1>1 !I' t~lJ ~ 1 ~ '1 fllv 1 u ,. !:'1 o' ~ .d_l "" ?I ' g) I g) .d QJ 0 0

tl~fl fll'l I U'W ~'W IJ'l 1lJ f1 ~ f1'l 'l lJ '1'1 u 'l::; fltl U f1 'WI u 'W '11 'W 11J~ l'W U <1111 m '11 'W 1'1'1 f1 'W 'I'll U <1::; f11'11 'W fl fl1ll.J

!YlJ~u ,;'.,::;'11--ll~mJ 1v~1u fiu'!Jflfl<~ I~<~::;'IJflfl<~nulJ flfl<~ ~~l:iil'l'ln'l'l<~~ t~'ll1tynlll'~ 1 ~ m11J~~

'l'ltl 1 ~ 1 'Wfll'JU i)llil ~ l'W 'IJ!l~lJfl<llfl'l 1 'W tl~fl fll'j J 'W ll'W ~::;ri ~ N<l ~!) fll'JU i)llil ~ l'W 1 ,r ffll~ ~\llllJ ~ nl'I1'W>~ H

28 .... """ 'JJ ""' o' """"" G _I d o "' lJ<l<lfll lli'Wffti'W,'I'l!)lllfl'J'JlJ!l~flfl'j. (f11 ~I'I'IYilJ'I1l'Wfl :U'lfl'l'lltlfl'l!IUtl'llll'l'l ~lf1fl,2544),134.

29 o.- "" " ~ _ 1.d _ 1 o .,.. ""' " t11i.U 'lfl'fij'jlJ, fll'l'l'lil'llllltl~flfll'l l'l'ltlfll'l !U<IIJ"UII U<l~. (f11 ~l'l'l'l'llJ'I111.lfi'J : ffl'W fl'l'llJ'I'l

'1 'l'lv11l'llu1Yllw '11 ,2543 ),62.

30 ""'<I o <V ""<l'o Q.l g)Q .::t ..., ""

fflllliiJ fltl~fll, lJ'W f!IJfflJ'I'l'W '6 <1'1'11 'JU NU'l '111'l. ( 1.l fl'l 'l l'lffflJl: fftll U 'W'll'lffl!J

d

1.lflj'jl'lffflJl, 2543),12.

31 01 .., o' "" " " _ 1.::i _I ,.... o'

i.U{]i'l'l 'W li I 'IJ ~'l 'W 1.l '1'1 ,fl <IIJ'I'IIi fll'l I u <IIJUU u <I~ 11!1::; f11 'l'l'lil'lllll tl~flfll 'l ( f11 ~I 'l'l'l'llJ '1111.l fl'l :

"' .I ' "' ltl fl'lll u tJ 'l Ill '1'1 ,2545),24

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17

0 v ' fll11Jl:rlflt:y'UB~U1'UllflliUHflfll1

U f1fll1fff1fl 11 #lu !Y~ ~ 1111~ ~~I~ 1.J i 1.J ~~ tJ ~ ~~ Wl tl U U 11 V lf1ll'ltl ~ rl f111 tJ 1.J ~~I~ 1.J l #I-J1

u 11 vlml'lv ~ fi f111 ii B'Vl il 'Vl., ~ v u fl <llf11 'lu v ~ fi n11 u <1~ ii fill~ rl1 r1 rut~ l1 <ll v u 1 ~ n11 i ~ v 1 ll 'I'll~ ' . mh~#I11.JU1~ff'Vllllll'Vlll<l~U1~ff'Vlll"<l'lltl~tl~rlf111 1'1iu m111-fu<l~ i~l'u-fn (Brown and Moberg)

'I Hfi11~1~1.J 'i1m1mml'lv~fim1 V'~iii1u 'I u m111~ > uu UUI111~fll~l11~'1J INlWl:Jin 'I u v~nm> • ~tltl~nu>~f1tJU~Wl '\JtJ~tJ~nm> ~~ ~~'li1vm~~1.J 'I Hii'lll'lufiA~~~tJtJ~n nmm~I111~'VltJ h~ ~~v~'l u v~nm> .r~Ju mn.l'v~ m>ui'uu1 ~~u~vuu u ~nl11mfl'llulv~fim1 ul1'1 ~ ~~,r mfl'llm

• • • f111 ff ~ <W ~1 f1fi11~11'J1.J ~ 11'1'1!1.J 1i >>~ U <l::f1<l V'Vlll'IJ tl~ tl~ rl m>.l~ ~~~ tl~l'l1.J t1 f1 ~ 1 f1U U 11 Vlf111'1

' o' ..,Q o<>~Tj/"" dt G} <>' 3') .cSo' li]'JJ•'

tl~fl f111 v~~I111~!Ylfi'!JI'l tl'jU1l11> u <l::'!Jflfl <l ti1.J '1 1 1.J tl~fl m> '!YII'll m (Steers) l~f1<l1111

'Vl(]Af1l>~t1~nm1 .r~Ju m1 rlll11.l~JUU uunnuj l111 !l~rl nn ~~.rv~Vl ~ mu l~~fl1l~.l'!l~f111 •

'IJtJ~ 1J fl <llm'll~ 'I u 1 ::.1' u '!Jfl fl <lU., ~ n ~~

'JJ od PI o' • o'.::ivo un Vlf1li'IUUUI1.J1.J mt!Yll 1 ~mm1Jll1 m V'\JtJ~ !l~ fl m1 ~::1 ll~ 1:: !Y~ l'ltJtJ~ flf111'Vll u u l'ltJ "<1m1

u [illii~ 11.J 'IJ !l~ v~fi m> 'I u 'IJ ru:: ~ m 1m ml'lv ~ nm1 u u u 1 U' u 1111~ !l u ~WI <1:: 1111 m l'lu 6u l1 ~ ~ 6u

.cS"" " ~ ' " .d.v .cc o d ~~ V1f11.J 'IJ tl~ !l~fl m1u u ~ ~ m m:: !Y~ 1'1 v v ~ fl m1 'I'll u u m1~'Vl ~ 'Vl v 'I~ 'I u m1 m ~ 1u 'IJ v ~ u fl m m d'J u '

l1llf1

'JJ I o' <::\ I Ql ""' ""' I

3 .U~ 11U 11 Vl f1ll'ltl ~ fl f111 ~:: ~ "<l\11 tJ 'V11'11.J 111'1 I I <l:: 'Vl (jl'l f111 ~ f11> 'IJ 1 ~ ~ 11.J 'IJ tJ ~ 'lJ fl <ll f11 U 1'1

1!! lYl~ 11 (I.,,~ l11~ 11 u >> v 1 n11'1v ~finn~:: ii ii'Vl il 'Vl, ~ v", nl> u [j u\li ~ 1u '\) v ~ 1J., <lln> 'Vl ~ v~ \i 5~ Mnci11~~m·w1m1'1v~finwvh 'I Hln~".,~~!luflmm 'I u v~ri'nn ~!l

0

I. fl11~oW~'Vlti'l~'l1.J~11.J (Job Satisfaction)

2. "<lf1UU[ju1i~11.J (Job Performance)

TI • . W.B. Brown and D.J. Moberg, Orgamzatwn Theory and Management : A Macro

Approach (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1980), 420.

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18

'jJ Q.i Q Q d I & <f Q O""

Ull:::lY!l~fnnl~fllJ lYlWI'I '\J11fll~ Uli:::NlY~ ~lJlfllJ 'Vlfllll1\HlJ1~Vlflll'l!l~flflUlJf11llJ!Ylflt\JlJlfl ' ' u

0 'jJ 'jJ Gj & """ , d' :'1 J_ I ~"f <V g}

!Yl~ l:::~:::'Vlllll! 'Ill ! Hl~Yl\]1'1 m~ lJ'II !l~lJ flflll U !l~flfl nUll:::! uU l'l!lfllll~ 1:::1111~u~ ~ V~lU ~::: lJ lJ

v~ri'm~nuil ~'ilv'Vll~.i'lulh:::ff'Vl~ml'l'llll~!l~ri'm~ !lu Mw1 NliN~A mllJYlll 1 ~m~'lll~~1uul1::: 'j} 33""" ""' ""' d' t " doeS ,

fl11!'111!l!lfl~lm1U li'V11U Ull:::l'II'IH!fl!l~ (Litwin and Stringer) YllJ11 !l~flfl11'VllJU11Vlflll'l U

fl1 ~ lJ~ 111~ U lJlJ l ~e) lU 1 ~ fl11.1' ~ ffU l ~ !l ~n lJ ff1U fllll ~ 1J fllll fl ~ l U !l ~ rl fl11.;' !J ~ ,_j ~ lfli l'lllJ 1:::! 1J VlJ

mh~!f11 ~f11~ m~Vlflll'luuu~~:::v'h 1 M'NliN~A~l Uflmmiuv~ri'm~ilmllJ~fffl i:U~~Yl!l 1~ iu ' . ~lU '1:U!fi~f11llJtl~~ i~ lJUll:::lJ'Ili'IU fl~~ i:U~~,_j~:;; ll' ~rl.i !lfl~lJ~,_j ~u1\~1U ff1U l U !l~rlfll ~~lJ

lJ n v lfl11'111lJ 1l ~::: l'll u !Ym-1' u null:::! U' u m llJ !Ym-1' u £ ~~ .1 !l n u, u ll ~ lYlJ 1 ;fl 'II !l ~ !l ~ r1 fl1 ~ ll' fll Yl

m~ mml'lv~ri'm>~~~m~ll~:::l'lluff'm1u £.r~ fl~ 11 ~:::ilNllv'h 1M' lJfllllm 1 uv~ri'm~ !i'i~mllJYI~ Yl!l l ~ l U~lU fl'lll'lu fl~~~.i!llJfllllm l U !l~rlflU !n~f11llJtl~ ~i~lJll'~ N ll'nrl u.iNll~lUtJ~!J~l U

"" """..,..,;, g} " ;::! """ 4 " Q,l ' "" 0

1JfllllmlJf11llJflm! ~lJ ll'~l~ll'nflUll:::lJNll Nlll'l'\! ~ 95~lJ 11 Vlflll'l!l~flfl11 U lJlJ~~flll11~:::lJ Nli'Vll

~~ 9 ' ~ .. 99 •"34.:, ~ ~ d' !lllJfllllm !U!l~flfll~!fl~f11llJYl~Yl!l ~~ !U~lU ~1UU1~l)Nllll'm~ 95~ll'!l~flll!l~fllJ !li'I'I~VUll:::

Vl!l!A!'Vl!l! (Steers and Porter) i.i'fl~11':h11lJnU Ull:::fll~m:::~lvdlUl~fll~.l~ffui~ ~:::u1'11l~

m~ll~illi~l'W~~'II!l~lJfllllm ll~fll>llllfl~lfl~lu ll~.i'u 'VJ'W fln N~Aull:::ll~nm i um~ ~fl!llJ1lJ 35

.:, .. 1 ' ' ' dd .. • 9 ~ ~ 9 95~Tt!lfl95 Ull:::mu::: (Fox and others) flll1111 m>Vlflli'I'Vl~'ll!l~ll'tn'IJI'IfllJl~:::'Vll !l!NliNlll'l !'W

fllH'fl~l'IJ m ~ l) ~ ~ lllJ 1 V~ lll fi'1J '1.\'mi flm1 VU f !~V 1 nu l'lfl fl1 ~ fll~ vi l'lJ 'IJ lff ~ fllJ Ull:;; fl1 ~ ~I"' AI .... 0 Gj 'j) .:!I d dd..:::~ d d..Jl I & t u~lJu1 ~llllfl'\!1'11 m 1 llll'tnUI'IfllJl!U'IJ lYtnU'Vl'VllJf111lJlllJlvt!li:::!U 'IJ'V195~ 'Wll'l~Yl!l i ~mfl;l Ull:::

u m1 vu ~:;; Hnlll~v~i u l'lmu fffllJ 1 v1h ~ il~ 1 36

1wifv ff'u ~ 1~..l '1.\'i M' rl11lJlllJl V'll v~ ll~:::ff'Vl~tlll'l!!ll:::ll~:::ff'Vl~Nll H·:hll~:::ff'Vl~ml'l lllJlV~~ !YlJnflml'l~ll'llJl>mim'W1Ju '1 111' lll!~~ 1.\'1~vll~ll'l~lflf11llJi'IJ!ll ~!l~ ll~:::ff'Vl~ Nll lllJlV~~ fllTI'll~l'W~ilr Nlll~Vll'llJ11fl

33 R.M, Steers, Organizational Effectiveness : A Behavior View,(Santa Monica :

Goodyear Publishing Company, 1977), 104-109.

34 G.H. Litwin and R.A. Stringer, Jr., Motivation and Organizational Climate (Boston :

Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, 1968), 35

R.M, Steers and L Porter, Motivation and Work Behavior (New York: McGraw-Hill

Book Company, 1979), 37L

36 Robert S. Fox and others, School Climate Improvement: A Challenge to the School

Administrator. (Englewood; Colorado: Phi Delta Kappa, 1973 ), 1-2.

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19

'liffuf19i fffl1'1'1~111 h'llll~llfl<nm1 u !l~Afm !lu ~~<l ~ Hl1~!l'I'I'J9inn:u 1 u mnh~1u m1:u~~'l'l!l h '

111l1!l~ ~U th~ ff'VlJl f\1'1'1 Hl1~,_j 'l ~ ff'VlJl Hl1 'II !l~ ~ 1 tJ

ff'lll i ~ ·;il f11 'l ff~ 1~ m 'l Vlf11ff'llll ~ !l~ fi' f1'l ~~ ~ ~ vh h1'1 il ~ 1J fll11 fl'l 'l'iN 1\J !lV NlJ ' '

,J;~ ff'Vln mY~ 1 '1'1 ;1 ~ m; m mrrv~ fi' m; ll il 'Vln 'l'll1 ~ !l'l1 q9\ nn:u m1:u ~ ~ '11 v1 ~ n l1 ~ m 1:u J !Yn il n fi ~

'll!l~'ljfl<nm1 u rrmuftnEJ1t1'1\!fl<nfl'l M1mm:u!llJ~Unl1~mlmYu fl~ 1 u m;ll~ll'"91~1u ~~fi ~Hl1

,_, ' IHfl U-:i:: flel'IJ'U!l~'IJ -:1 'nl 1 fllft !l ~ 1'1 fll-:1

1J 'l 'l V 1 flll'l'!l~ A fll 'llJ iJ '11 ll 'l'll1 ~ !l \! fll11 f1 'l 'II !l~ !l~ A fll 'l ~ ~ lJ H l1 ~ !l fll ;,J ~ 1)'9\ ~ 1 tJ 'II !l ~

!l~ finn J~M:u ~ n l1~ 1 ~ !l~ ~lflll;; Vlflll'l'!l ~.r nnll; ~fl!lll~ 1vii11n ll; ~ 1 ~"1 l1l11Vll 'l~fll 'l

un1'111fll'i ~~ i~'I'IV1V11Jflf1Elll'iu wl'l!~!ll11!l~All'l:::f1!l1J~1~ "1 mcilJ tJ ~m~·;il!tlu i1 ~ 11 Vlllfl 1\! • • • iJ

1 tJ fll'i tlll1U ~n lJlJlJ'l 'l Vlfllff u n1'111f11'll1l11 Vfl tJ Yi1 M f1111J fftJ i ~!nV1rllJ!~ !)~ w ' !'lit.! fl'JEI!l! 1

ff'ntff1 Mrr11.l!l~All'l:::fl!l1J~'I'i1 i M'1il~m 'l Vlmrr'lu nn'l'imu i U!l~Afm i 1i~d 'tl • ~ ~. ' .!'1 ~ -•= ~ ' L !l~fl 'l:::fl!llJ'VlN~lUtJ!l! ff1J1JI11!1!'111::: t~Hfl !U1'111J1V l1l1f1u!)1JI11Hl1:::f1tj!f1!l!"Yl

~1~ "1 1m ci~1rr~ 1"l u 'VltJ m! 1~ 'II !l~ v ~.r m m; thrvmi u ll1 '1Jm Hi u v ~ fi' m flW rr:u 1J'"9i m '111::: m ci 1 d ' ' '

,_, • ~ • ~ 0 ~ ' 9 • ... = 2. !l~fl u1::: fl!llJ'Vl NflltJ t flHff'll ~ 1J f1111J fflfll)jl11 !l'ljflfll1 t tJ ~1\J fldl:UJfffl ! ~111f1111Hl1:::

m1:u~~'~'~ vi~ i u m;'l'i1~ 1u v~ fi'll; ~n!llJm~~l u 1m~ rr~1~ Mmi 'II m~ 'IJ!l ~!l ~ fi'm rl1m ~ m;

iii~ fftJ h fl1 Vi tJ !l ~ fi f1'l f11 'l H U ~ f1111J 1'1l n ~ 'l1!l1J ll f1 E1 !l!::: !~ tJ 'II !l ~ !l ~A fll'l 1J1 111 'lljl W! l1::: fll'l

1JS'I11Hlu 'l:::llll'llll~!l~fi'nn m1mTufl~ ml:uff'm1un'llll~'l:::ll1J i mynm:::llll~!lv ,_, • 0 = ' .; _, • ~ _, ' ~· • '

3. !l ~ f1 u 'l::: fl!llJ'Vl N~ 1 tJ fll 'l ~ 1! tJ tJ ~ 1\J 'll!l ~ !l~ f1 fl'l'll ~ u'l::: fl!llJ ~ 1 Vl111!! u 'l 1111 ~ "]! u tJ 111 tJ 11

l1 n EJ w::: 'II !l ~ 11't11 m 'l ~ !l ffl 'l m vi u !l ~ fi' f1'l m 'l m 1J fl:U !l ~ fi' m1\i m 'll u m 'l f111J fl:U nn wil 'II i1 om1 'II Q Q u

f1111J '11'~ nfi'~nl Vi tJ !l~Afl 'l fll'lll11lll1 ~~,j~ VW! lll1 ~ !l~ fi' fll'l f1111J 'i 11J i'J !ln l1:::fll'lll'l::: fflU ~1 u

1 9 " .:I j) <::1 9 ~ .<!!! 0 = e::l j) j) "' ;::: l111~1Jflfll1 t u !l~ f1 m:umn u !l m '11 v~ t ~ 1li m; 1 l1 !l n flU! '111'111 ~ 1u Tfi m 'l 1 'l vu; n l1 ~ m 'l 1 'Ill ff ~ fl:U

0 •

'lllH rrm:Jin fll'l 'tin vm:u 'l::: 1J 1J m; i M' 'll~ 1l1ll' nEJ w~ nn iii~ iYu h m1:u ff':u'lfu £; ~ wi 1 ~ ff m u f\1'11

Hl1:::cl1U1~

37 """'"""'" <1 ""' cr "' GJ' M'liV fftJI111~El, !l~flfll'l Hl1~fll'l1J'll11'lfll'lfff1Ellfll'l ~~fll'l!!HU ! l11J

rllun-ri:uY~'i'Vlv11))JmY~1il'll, 2543),17.

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20

,{A l :v .d 91 ..,g .:::1 I ~ 0 Ql 9 9 0

4. !l~flu1::fHl'IJ'I'11~fll"W ff ~U 1fllHllJ'V1Nf11Vll1Vi 9i~lJ~llfl!l'U1iJ!Ull::flllH ! ~ ! "W f111 'l'll~l"W

• 5-w ri ~ ~lll'i !l'IJ n v1 m 1'11 u rm '111~ 1 u !l~fl u 1:: n !l u m ~ 1il Mmi ll' moJ w:: u ll:: <1 Ill Vi 'll ll ~ 11' !l ~ '111 ~ 1 u

fJUmw1-wm1l'l eJ~rl"WfJU"; rllliJ 1-wm1'111~1-w <~m-w~ .f~'llmll~fi' m1 f111fllJ"W lfllJ m1lJ.I' !l~f111'1lll~fllllfl :v = <IJ d !ll <IJ ""' ,_d

1-wfll"W~ll~llfl mllJflflfl"W~lflff~mflll!llJ mllJUll!lflfW'IJ!l~'lllJW fffllVilJlltm:: mnw m1mm-w '

,{~I 91 ' = ""' 1 """ 9 ~ "' I q 91 5. ll~flu1::fl!l'IJ'I'11~fll"Wfll"WVlJUll::Vi(jflf111lJ fll"WVlJ'IJ!l~'IJflflll ! "W !l~flf111VlllJ1'1Jfl!l !'H

tiiflm 1 vlmff1 u 1111 '111~1-w Mmi 1iim1 u~lliimlJ !'Y!IIJ ~ll'IJ!l~'IJflflll1 um1'111 ~1-w m ::m-w 1111

.Ill W"W~l"WUll::Vi(j~f111lJI'il~'l f111 ~fll'i!JU1 ::ffl"W ~ l"W!l ell~ 11i"W 1::'1J 'lJ fl1llJ~!l fffltJ'IJ!l~ lJflflll1 "W

' 38 ?I .!> i ~,. = ~ .,; ',I ' ~ ll~flf111 eJlllu"W (halpin,) '11~ flffflll 11~ VI Vi !l111ll~ flu 1 ::flll'IJ'IJ !l~m 1 Vl fllff!l~fl f111 1 f\Vf111

"" 91 "" .::::1. 'j} "-'! 1. Vi(jflf111lJI);J'U11111 (Leader behavior) lJ 4 fll"W fl!l

' = ""' "" .d. «S .d31.,. .:::1 1.1 fl1llJ 11 N I'll "W (Aloofness) 11lJl VIH Vi() fl f11 1lJ 'V1 U fffl ~ !H f111 'V1 I);! 'lJ 11111lJ

fl1llJ i!mi-w -6 rl'u ~~1m 1-w u uut1'1 u 'I'll~ 111111 ~ !ll fl vmf 1 ~ nn ~ 1 u rvh J u rl" flll w:: rm u 1 vm 'idll'l

!V ..::!< = d. Q.l "'

1.2 f1111"W"W~ll~l"W (Production Emphasis) 11lJ111!1~ Vi(jflf111lJf111ff~f111 mfl'IJ

Ull:: ~ flflllJ ~llf111U ~ u";~ l"W !Jell~ 1 fl ~ ~fl i' 1'1 '\l flflll1 u !l~fl m1.l'll ~ u ~ mi l'lllJrll J" ~'IJ !l ~ ~u 1m 1

eJril~trt~~rti'l'l u1lff~lnu~mm11~!lmllJiil'ltll-w~-w1fl

1.3 m1111'm1lJ'lhvmiieJ (Thrust) 11mvB~ ~u1m1 111'm1ffU'Uff"W"WIIll:: 111'ri'lll'~ h " '

1 "Wf111U~ml~l"W'IJ!l~lJflfll11 u eJ~fi'mnJ~u"; ~l"W ll'l v iliHlii f111fl1'UfJlJ fl111lfl11 ~~ 1m1-w ~::

in !lfllffU fffl~fl1llJ i' u Hfl'llll u 11 ~ !Ill:: ti'il'l m llJVl~Vi u1 ~ A!l nn u ~u";~ l"W

1.4 nn111'mllJill11~1ri (Consideration) 11mvB~ ~u1m1111'mllJI'iluh~~1ml"W " "

I I ,ill

f\1~'1 Ufli)j11lJ~l"W

""' 9/1 «S ..... ""' 2. Vi(jflf111lJ'IJ!l~i)j11ml"W (Subordinate' behavior) 11lJ11J!Hllfl'loJW::Vi(jflf111lJ'IJ!l~

~ ' ~ ' ' ~~ ~ .. lJflflll t"W!l~flf111 t"Wil"W::fll)lJ'Ijflflll umuun 11'1 4 fll"W fl!l

i IGj 'j} I .<.';! ,e;9. 'j/-=9. d_l""""""' 2.1 f111 lJ !'Hfl1llJ11lJlJ!l (Disengagement) 11lJliJ!1~ fl1llJ~fffl'IJ!l~lJflflll'Vlut)'Ufl . .

= .. 9 ~ ' ~ ' " ~ .. ~I ~,. q ~ ll11fl~flllJ'IJ'Vl'Ul'Vl'VllJ!l'IJ11lJliJ ! 11!JVN !lJifllJ 1 ~ "W!lfl ~lfl"W ~::lu"W fl1llJ~fffl'IJ!l~lJflflll 1 "W llfl'loJW::

38 .... &""' ,{..., Q.IQJt/ """"

fl(j'loJWl ffflflffi, !l~flf11fl'UlJ"W'IoJVfflJVi"W1i, (f11 ~I'V1VilJ111"Wf\1 : !lfl'loJ11'VlV1,2542),456-457.

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21

2.2 !J1h:lnfl'llfi'II1N (Hindrance) 1nmi'l~ f111~~~11J~1U!huh1'!li'iml!J~ftfr"il

~'IJ~111> 'l.l'tr~1~!1Ql!1\ll '11~1~ '1 ~~~u!Jllffnfl'llfl'll11~ 'lunmhtilu~ll.l 1fiV'IJ!1fll.l liml!J~ff!111 _,d, I d 'JI "'> 'jl .J bJ 1-"'1 o ~~ o 'l! j) I 'i/ d .J ff~fll~ '1 YH;!'UJ1111ff11~'111-l ~IJ!Jfi111J~llul.ll!ll::;'V11 ~mll.lll1'1!11J1!1V~'IIl.l

2.3 '111tyllll::;nlll'~'l~ (Esprit) 111J1VG~ f111~~'i1mll-llJfi111J~fff111'1Jf1fll-l~NI~l-l

!~ !l'i11J~ll.l ~~~!Jfll.l I Ill::;~ 1 ~'Vl V1 VllJ 'lf1m 11li !J~ ~ nl.lllll::; nl.ll ~ 1-l !J V 1 ~ ~ ..t ~ .1' 11-l!h 1-li'11llll::; ill 1 fl ~

""' .::9 d 'j/1 ""- ""' .,s Q.l

2.4 fi111Jffl.l 'Vlffl.l IJ (Intimacy) 111J1Vtl~ f111'Vl f::!> 1m1u 1Jfi111Jffl.l 'VI ffl.l!J'lf~!ll.ll!ll::;

nu 'IJ!lfll-l~lfm~u num~ 1 >1 mt trfl ~vvni'l~ml!J ffl.J ntru1u iim11J !Ym1wl'vtil~tril 'VI tru IJ!lll 1J

.<:1 ~\l]'.il '1 dt~~QI OJGj 0 39 !!1lliJ1 'VI~ !11N ~~l!ll::;!'I!!J)Jl.l'lf~!ll.ll!ll::;!ll.ltl.lf111'VIl~ll.l

_'f ~ ~ ._. <_I ' ' ' utytyl fl~fl> ~fl fl!lll l!l~flu>::;nv'IJ'II!l~m > Vlf111'1'!l~fl nn 'Vl'IJ11 m > Vlf111'1'!l~flf11 >

1l>::;nv'U'lll.l'1v!hu~N '1 f-ltr!Jn'Uv~rfll>::;nv'Um~ld l.l'l!fi 'JI .;. d., """ d' C. .J I """ Q.l ""' GJ .&j Q.l d'

1. l 1J111 IJ1 V (Goal) !IJ !J l 1 lJ lJ !J ~ fl !1 U I !lfl '111-l V!J lJ lJ !111 fl fl ffl.l 1 ~ tl ~ 1fl Q J.J1::; ff ~ fl 'II !J ~

v~rfm> ~~ 11mlli'l~~~JJiinn tr~ N'IJ >>IJ1!111'1' .J~Jwrlvv~rf m>iitl'h 11 IJ lVllfl n~ Nnutiv!J ~::; iJ

ll !11J \ll::;'IJ!J ~ m 11Jl f11flllfl !1 ~ Nnl.l '!J.J.I'11J

2. 1 fiHff~ N (Structure) 1flll~1 'lllull'1t~m m ~ ff~l~~~~uu 'IJ'IJ!~l.lllf-ll.lmmvh lfl~t~

lim> Vlf11flv~r1m> ~~ Wt'IJ'IJ!lf-ll.l!J 1m vhJ u 'lu1 fl> ~ ff~l~v~rfm>~t~u m > v1 f11fl~::;litr11Jf111 1Y~ fi'IJ 1Y t)!'l!l~'liflllll::; 'l:Wfi!J )J! fl ~!)

3. m>'llr>N1ll (Rewards) f111lM1N1lll~1.H~!l~'Vll~~fl 'lu !1~11ii!l'ljflflll 'l l.l!l~rlf111lJ

. o' ""- ' " d " 4. '111-llfl (S1ze) '111-ll fill~ flf11 H::; IJ f-lll m :;'VI 'IJ flllm > Vlf11fl!l ~ fl !1 n mn t!J lJ v~ flf111

39 Andrew W. Halpin, Theory and Research in Administration. (New York: The

Macmillan Publishing Co., 1966).

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22

_d:>i " d.~ ,. d ' "" -'::\ 5. fff.1l 'W 'Yl 1'1 HJ ~ flfll:; (Geographic Location) lHll'W 'Yl \il ~ tl~ fl fl1 'l 'Yl H\il fl \ill~ fl 'W ~ ~ 11

l.J'j'j IJlflli'IViHiilfll'i Nn'W l 'llu l.J'j'j IJlflli'll 'W ¥ l'Wfl'l'II'W lfll~fll udj tl~ 1 my Vtl11Hiilfll'il~ nu¥ l'W 1'1'1

'\J'Wl~U~IJ1n'W l 'W'll'WU'Yl .... ,. .d.<:! :v

6. fll'l ~fl fffll'Vi 'Yl NflliJfll'Vi (Physical Setting) fffll'I'HJ ~ fl fll 'l'Y\11tllW ll '\1\il fl1 N '1111 ~

' ... ~I ~ :01 • .,; • ~.I~ <' ~ • d ~ IJtJ11'lffflllJ'Wtlff'l::Hl1::llJflfl11~ l!Jtll'\JlllJ !'Wtl~flfll'lli'Wlfll'l fl\illillfll'l 'Htl~l'liJ'W ~:;lflflf\1111 • U'l::'l'i'u h ~~lflfll.J l~lflf\1111 ~fffll~tl~fff.1l'W~ ~~l~'Wl~tl~'\Jtl~fll'l llfl fffll'Vi 'Yl NflliJfll'Vi 1fl'uri • '\J'Wlfl Hl1~'lU~l~ Hff~ fll'llilflHI'i~ "'l1 lliliJ~~mrilil'ff~Nl1m::'Ylu.itJU'l'liJlflli'ltJ~rlfll'l •

7. u'l'i'u~ l'W (Norms) l ~'W tl~rl U'l ~fltJU ~rllli'ty~l)'flliitJm'l IJlflli'ltl~rl fll :;u'l'i' ff~l'Wl ~'W

fltJmilvu~ 1:W1fl'nl'f1'Wfll~'W mm:lfl'mu !lnm 1T1Jflfll1fl1'l ~::'l'il'f1~ tJ i:W'1'11tJvN i:; l~'W fltJ~ 1:W

~I d> ~ i • • ~ <' o • i ~ <' • "' .I~ ?I llJ'WHUUHN'W 'lf~fllfl 'f11~ 111'1Jfl fll1 ! 'W tl~ flfll'l f\1'l 'YlltJIJl~ 'l ! 'W tl~flfll'l fll111fl tllJ 'Yl ffj! l'WllJ 'W

'Vi '1 ~ m 'j 11~ 1Jtl11~1J n'W Hl1:: l ~'W '\Jtl1J l '\1 lil'f1 ~ tJ'Il' tJ ~ lnfl flliJ 1 'W fl ~11'1Jfl fll1ll ~:; u B llii tJVN i 'j . . o<:::> I .o!t "'> I <!!, 'j} .<:! Ql I

8. flU\ilflliltll1'5ffl'l (Connnunications) fll'l\ilfllil5l1'5ffl'llil5~11'f1l111J'l::fl1J l'll'W fll'l

~filii 5~5ffU ~~~l)'fl ~~ 5fll'l~ filii tl~tl l1'U H 1J1J lf\IJ\il H ~ 5'1J flfll1l 'W 5~rlfll'l f1' 5~ iim111

.,; i .I ~ ~ • ~ • 40 l fll1 5 'W 'f11'Vi 1J lJ ~ fl 'W H l1:; ! 'lll1l1l ~ fl fJ IJfl 'W 1Jl ~

') !II d' Q,l ""' Q,l I </ 1. '\J'Wl~Wl1:: !f\Hff'll~5~flfll'l (Size and Structure) l'll11fl~::fllflflflfl'W11 5~flfll'l

1 my '1 ~::ilm1mfufl~ Hl'i5~rlfll'l'II'Wlfl 1 mJJ~::ilnuu1m:; ~1u i:Wrl1u ~li~l'l1'1Jflfll1 u1 mHlu

\11111 u1v~ 1vu~!lu uty'lllmv1 u ~~n Nl1 m:: 'YlUI'itJ ~!ill~ 'lltJ ~flu Hili l1 ~ :;::l'lu 1 u 5 ~.1 nu m n

IGJ dQ,I OG}!II3/"" Q,l .d. I "'> Clj o' ~ It l'Y\1 !fl fliJ~'Y\1 ! 'f1 N1J 'l'Hl'l'l ::flUff ~11fl1111'f1l~l'fl'W ~ lfl Ufl fll1 ! U tl~flfll'll.ll fl'\1\.ll 'Yll'W U 'W tlfl ~ 1 fl

• • 0

fl1ll.J'IlmH'W~::'I'il i11'tnflNl1l ut:Jl~~lil1'Ylllllllil\Jltl~ilml11lfl!i'tyu tJIJ l 'W5~rlfll'l Hl1'1 iJ~'I'ill M'tnfl

40 ."' d ~ ~ <' • <.I ; d • I .. ~ lJf\jf\jl fl~i'l'l, "fl1111l1'11'Vi'W li'l ::'f11l~tl~fllJ'j ~fl51J1J'l'j IJlflli'l ! 'j ~l 'j IJ\J lJ'j ::tl11i'lfl'>Jlfl1J

m:; u uu11~ 1u 1 u 1:; ~~ vu u:;:: 1111timn rl' ~ nfl rl111' n ~ 1 u m:; u:;:: 1111 tinE111l~ 'f11 flu:;~~ 1u m '11' u n". (1'YllllU'Vi'WTimtytyl11muw cVllil mfl1'lll1J 1 m'lfll'lffflEil uw cVllil1'Ylvli:lv 11'f111'Ylllll1'1lffl1Ulm,

2538),26.

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23

2. U1J1J'IIll~m1:::~w1 (Leadership Pattern) U1J1J!111:::~wlilu'VlnVH11~1JI>'lHI'illfH1HW

'\Ill~ ~tJijill\~ l'I.IU11:::~1]~f11 'llJ '\Jll~~W n:::lti'l.lu 'l ~f1~fl'l.l ~ fflfl t)jf1l'l 1.1r l~lJ'l 'l 1Jlf1lftll~fl' f1l 'l 1 '1.1

~1'1.1 m'l llll1 ~ 1 ri mllJ ·rh ~~ll '1.1 u11::: m ml' m~11 ~ 1'1.1 1 tl w:1 mau::: 'II ll ~ ~ll ~ ·rm ~~ ilu 'Vln ~ 111li ll

~ . ' ~ ·~. ~l]i>'lf11'llJU11:::1Jflfll:11'1.1ll~flf1l'l'l1J~ ~~

"" 'JI & 0 Q.l

3. fl1llJ'lf1J'lfll'I.I'\Jll~'l:::1J1J (System Complexity) 'l"llJliJ()~~l'l.l1'1.1 U11:::11f1l!W:::'IIll~f1l'l

~~v1'1i'll~'l:::w.h~n'l.l'lllln:::1J1JiliN '1 ~ll~fl'mnT'W1~ll~ ~ ~I ' ' ,I ' d ~I 4. 'Vlft'V11~1111::: Ill l'l"llJliJ (Goal Direction) ll~fl f1l'l Ui>'ll:'l:::ll 'l::: 111'V11JlllllJ lJill l'l"llJ 11Jll11:::

i1 ft'Vll ~Ill Nn'l.l, tJ i>'lllJ U'l::: 111 VI 'II ll~ ll~ .1 f1l'l\T'I.I I 'li'W ll~.r f11) 1l 'j fi ~ ll~.r f1 n ~ 1-H' 1J ~ f1 n nll '

. . e:!l I Q I <!>\ .<!! I "'> I 4,

5. lfl'lll'\JliJ'\Jll~f1l'li>'l~i>'lll1.1ll1.11'l (Communication networks) lfl'lll'lll1Jf1l'li>'l~i>'lll 1.'rll1.'rl'l

1 'l.lll~fl'm'l 1ti'l.l il~~fflflt)Jllth~'l"l ~ ~ ~~, 1::: ~11Jf1l'l~~ llill~llffl'l ~:::11 1.1~~ i -H'dl'W g~ 1.11v "lv'llll~ m'l

~~.ill !ll'l.ll~ 1 '1.1 f1l'j1J~'f11'j U11:::fl1l)JfflJoW'I.ITI'\Jll~f1~)j f1l'j~~llill~ll1.'rl'li>'lllJ'l:::fl1J1J'I.IlJlcil~ i>'lllJ

'l:::illcil~, tJ till 'I.! 'l"l~ll1 m:::illlfflJlln'l.l ~ :::1.1:::'11' ll'W1-H'rll'W g~u '1.1111~ 1 '1.1 m'lll~ 'l"ll'l ~1'1.1 'llll~111li11:::

m11tm'W1~1

1 mM VI (Likert) ~~ 1 ti'l.ll.J flfl11fflrlt)J~'I"I~ ~~ 1-H'mllJ 1.1'1.1 h1~ v1n1Jm'l 1Jlf1lft'll ll~ ,f 't <f_J ,f ..,j <=> 'J) .<:>. I ~ llJ <>' 4 1

ll ~ fl f1l 'l I~ IJ)J ll~ ll ~fill 'l::: f1ll1J 1J'l 'l IJ 1 f1lftll ~ fl f1l 'l 'V1 ~ \] 1>'1 f11 'l lJ 'II ll~ rj 1J 'l 'l"ll'll 'V11 '1.1 '1.1 ll'llfl 'l VI() ll11

""' Gt 'J) I llJ_I..: ~~ " " '31 <9 ~l]i>'lf11'j)j I 'l.l~l'l.li>'lll 11J'I.IIll'l.lll~fiU'l:::f1ll1J'\Jll~1J'l'j 1Jlf1lft'llll~ll~flf1l'l~11J fill

I. UH~~h (Motivation Force) fJll

',.t.;~l.,:. 9 'l.lllJll'llmVIIll'l.lff~~~ l~i111J 1'1.1Ul1:::1111J'I.Illf1

?J'JJo & <=> .:'J'Jio 'j/Q 1

2. f1l'llll'l.ll'l'l.ll (Leadership Processes) 'l"llJliJ()~ ~"l>'lf1'l'llJf1l'llll'l.ll'l'l.ll'llll~l'l1J'll'll'l11 cu '"I cu cu

1ti'l.l 1tl1 'I.I'Vll~ff ~~1.1~lJm'ltlijllii~l'l.l'llll~1Jflfll11 'l.lll~fl'm>mml'llmi'lv~ "l~

3. m:::1J1'1.1f1l'l~~llillffll1.'rl'l (Communication Processes) 'l"llJliJg~ 1.111Jl1J'IIll~f1l'l

~~llill~llffl'l 1 'l.lll~fl'nw:hiltl'l::: ff'Vlll m~1Ylv~ 1~ ri ~~1.1~ lJfl1llJ1.1:::~ 1m 1m~ 11 '1.1 nntlij 1J1l ~1'1.1 '\Jll~1Jflfl11 hwiti'lv~ 1~

41 0 .c:!o ... "i' ~ d. I 1 "" 'l .<:\ -I """ ffli'I.IIJ~ 1mmn," m'lmmn l'l~l'l IJ'I.I'V11.1 ~l'll11>'1llfl1llJI'lf1~'1.1'11mm l'l~l'liJ'I.Ill'l:::tllJftf1lll

• • rl' ~n~ IYTw m 1'1.1 nntl 'l::: () )jfff1lll ,r ~wf~'W m tJ ~ lJ, ()'Vlvlil ~ 'Wnm ru rullJ 'I'll u w oVi l>'lmfl1'111

• u u

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24

~ Q , & 'j)""' .<!!! ,'j/~ """"' , 4. m:::1J1llfll"i~~ffll ~(Decision Processes) 11lJ1V!1~ rjlJ"i111"iUnlfl 'lfT!ifll"i~~ffll ~

~tmn:::-.r:wnuiJrumu<l:::ffmu nnllfry;v~ 1~ ~lJ~mn 11Jtl1ll 1~ 1 u ml'l~ !fu 1 ~!WV~I1ll!~V111'1ll . . m:::~1VU1lll~ 1um-;l'l~!fu h 'h.l~1JI111<l~"W 1m:::iu~1~ '1 nu

5. m:::m"Wfll"ifl111ll~!i'hmnv (Goal Setting) mnv~~ ~1J~11l"ittl~ 1vm-.r111'1JI111<11u

ll~tlfll"i i ~lj \Ylll 11l.J 1 lJ fll"i fl111 U Ill i'J 111l.J 1V'II ll~fll "i tJ QlliJ~ 1\J 11'1llt i'J111:W 1 V'll ll~ ll~ tl fl1 1 I W V~ 111

dil 'j) = 1 "" 1

6. m:::1J1llf1111111JfJ:W (Control Processes) 11lJ1V!1~ rj1J"i1111!11HI1"ill~llfll"i1111JfJl.J

~11~~"i1flnllfi1J'11~1ll11'1ll i!.l iiff1VflmJ~flUUt)!'lf1l.J1flti' vmwu~ 11142

d i/1 "' o' 'j) d.~ "' ~::: m u i 1111ll~l1ll1 :::fllllJ'II ll ~m 1 u1m ftll~ 11m-; u ll fl ~ 1 nll 1::: fllllJ 1110 -.rm u 'YI ~ ~ ll ~11m-; "I" • ~ ~I < • <.1 d~

'llll 111 I 11 H '<1"11~ 'llll~ ~ 1\J fll"i llff fll\1 'YIN fllVfll\1 I u111l.JlU'IIll~ ll~ 11fll "i 11\'f 1ll~ 11U "i:::fllllJ'Yil.J

1111l.J\flflt)! ftll "11(j~fn"il.J~1J~11 l"i U<l:::"l1tj~fn"il.J'IIll~ ~11:W~1ll ~:::ff~N\'f~lllJ"i"i V1fllft'llll~

• U'li'IJ'li11!Jl illl'ltH fllll1

!Ill 1fi11 !~ V1tl1J ll~ tltJ"i::: fllllJ 'II ll~lJ "i "i V1fl1i'lll~ tlfll "i II \'f :::111~ ll~i'Jll!fl 11 f 1Jl.l "i::: tiJU

m"ii'J1fllftll~tlflni~n~nu'1~1'1'u !11\'ftlu (Halpin) Mn111"Wml'lu1Jni'J1fllft 6 ulJlJ

l.1J"i"ii'J1flli'lll1J1Jltill (Open Climate) tl'lum-;mmft~~1J~11mtllllllfllff111'~11m1"W ""' d I .:\.::!""' <:! 'j/ 'j/ I I

II ffll ~ 111 1l.J flll I 11 U II \'f::: II ff 11 ~ fl11l.J ff1l.J l"i !1 11 U 1 V~ 1 U ~::: lJ '111 ~ '1111 !!<l::: fll111 U 1ll ~~ ffl.J ll ~ 1 U \'flU

, I !'J ' d 'j) ""' ?I 'j)_ I ""' cv d' 1 II) 'j) 11t)!lJ"i1lJ!Ul11lJ1VllVN1111!11 rj1J"i1111 ~:::lull r:JU"i :::fflll ~1\J U<l:::Uffll~l111l.J \'fl.J\1\J li~ N'"j lfl

Q.l d' :% 'j/ T .c:! 'j)&_ T d ""' L:j tJ' .::!

m m::: -.r:w fllJ -.rmu fl n ru u llfl ~ 1 nu N"i 1:w~1 u ~::: :w1111 m -.rm1 1 \'J u ll -.r-;::: ~ u Ill~ :w ll 1::: 1 u 'lfll!!<l::: :w • • II I d 'J/ c/ I OQ.Id

11W fl1~ll11ll 1V~1"WU<l:::"I1V1Vll.J 'YI ~::: ffll ll~ 1111l.J~ IN fll"i 'II ll ~ ll~l1 fll"i ~\'f !Jill 1\'f 1 ff1ll '<1"111\lJ'YI fffl ' . ' .:A, 'j/""' &::!. Q Q.l .:::. .:::!<>1 ;:!,!, I <:!.

'llll~lJ"i"i Vlfllftll 1J1Jll 11ll N1J"i11l"il.JI111l.J!\'J"W flll!ll~U\'f::: ~ "i ~ h l.J\'ffl"hl W:::'ll ll~l111l.J Vll111'Jllll\'f ::::w . ' 1111:Wt~mi'u 1 u~u!ll~\1 ~

• rlmi' m1n">~ru:::m"l11:::'11 !l~ m 1 mmftu1J1Jil fi !l 'llit:utt<l:::nTt\' ~ h'llv~~11:w~ 1u -.r ~m>

• • • i!.l 1 11' 1111:w 11:w i'lv 'II ll~ ~ 11:w ~ 1u ~ 1 11 n::: ~ 1 1'l u !ll.l -.r-; 1 11'11' 11 'II 11 ~ ~ 1 111 1:w -.ril 'YI -.ru :w-;::: wi1~ . '

N.•11:W~1"Wll1"Wfl<l1~ fl1l.Jlll~!i1"W 'llll~~1J~1111ll1"Wfl\'fl~ 1111l.Jlll1 1 ~ 1 ff'llll~~1J~1111ff~ fll"i 1M' • • • 1111:w 'lhvm ~ ll ~ 1 fl ~lJ ~ 1111 ll1u fl<l 1~ 11<1::: fl1-; 1 ti' u ~ ~1u ~ 1

42 R. Likert and J. Likert, New Ways of Management Conflict (New York : McGraw-

Hill Book Company, 1976), 73.

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""' ?I d GJ 'j) d I 'jl = 2.'U'i'iiJlflll'fU'U'UlHI'i~ (Autonomous Climate) lu'W'lJ'i'iVlflll'f'l'lU<I\11~ 1'1H11'W11fj'U'il'll'i

l 'jl ' <!:t I 'j/1 ?I ' &:\ 'J/ ""' Gj 'jl 0 .... 9 0 ~ o<£ 'J) 11 fi111J'Il'1m mwu n m 1m l'W lu u u v N 111 Nm 111 'i 111m 01 ~ 1 ~ lW ~ m u ~ tH fi111J., u~ fll'i 'll u ~ • • •

'jll ?I D "" 'J) 'j) I 'j) """ 9 ':"I d &::\

N'i11J ~ 1 W lJ 'W <llfllll Ul.J ~~hi U V fl 11 N'U 'i 111'i 1 hi 'lJ 'i'i V 1 flll'f!l 'lJ 'lJ llJ \11 fll'l ll.J 'lJ'i 'i V 1 flli'IU 'lJ 'lJ 'W • u •

~.; 11J~l'WVh~l'W i11lflhi i~~u<!dlmll.J'W~'W u 1 ~~ i~ i 11J~lhi nu ~.; 1:w ~l'W illiim'i ~ ~l i'l hi • • m.Jrr>; mi111 'IJ1N.i un n 'li mhi ~u '1111 >1M' m1:w v~ 1i; 'i:W ~U'I'lflfi'W u 01 ~'W v1v1:w 1M'~.; 1:w ~ lhi i ~

q 'U q q 'U

~'U Nl'l'b'U'U i I'IV ill u rrmnm]u N\11 1 him 'i Vlflli'IU 'lJ 'lJ n ~'U '1111 'i ~~ 'li 1 ~ 1 hi11 11' m ~ u l \'J hi.l' 1<Jtll ~ u 01 ~ • ' Q '"" ;x 'jl 91"'> ' <!:t ' "' d

i:w U <ll'l~fl111J m 'W Ufll'l1 'W Ufl ~ 1 fl'W U 0!1N'U'i 111'i ~~NUll lh hiUO!~ V\1111 Vhil'l ll.J <lm hi fll'i W 1'1 1 ~ '1 l 'W U . ' I " ?I d 'J/ '

fi11:Wmm~rr:w ~111m11:w 1 V'll u~ u ~ flfll 'i lu hil'iU ~ 'i u~ ~ lflfl111J., u~ fll 'i 'll u~ul'l 01 ~ u 111101 ' ' ' •

ft111~'UlimJW~l~hi'IJU~'U'i'iVlflll'fU'U'UU ~U 'IJ-J't]JU<l~rllli~ t~'IJU~~<J1:Nlhi \!~ fl111J

rru'l'l<Yhim~w.h~~:hmlhi rr ~ fll'i ill1 M'ml:w:h:wiJu'IJU~~i11l~lhi~l uurrnmil'l'll1N~l m1:w 'U 'U 'U <I

3. 'U'i'iVlflll'fU'U'Ufi1'Uf)1J (Controlled Climate) li'Jhi'Ul'iVlflll'f~~ ~'U'1111'ilJfi111J

.r~Nfll'i~~~'lilt MU~ftfll'i'U'i'i'Jii~~\11*111J1V mi'J U~ ~~hitl'lfl111J.i' U~fll:i'IJU~fl~1llJflfl<l~~ '[.;'~ 'lJ m>¥i~l>W lli'luvhi~mu~<l~:wl '!Jflfl<lt hi u~fifln .i'u~uijlffi~1u mh~l~:w~~~'lilt Mfl11:w i!m-l'hi-fi

I 'j)""' Ql I 'j) dtGJ'j/ QJ d GJ o' 'i ~ 111N fj'U :i 111 :i fl 'lJ fl 'Jl.l\jfl fl 0101 l'lhi UV M U 01 ~ l'WU 111 'lJ 'i'i lJ <ll.J tj 'l'lli NO!'IJ U~ ~ lhi I hi U ~ fl fl1 'i l'lll.J

Q.l """- GJ !j/ d d 1 dd. 'J/ "'> -"S D Q.l

~~fl1'Ufi1J\11 UO!UO!~I'II'I<I'W I ~\111VI'Ihiltl~ U<l~l'WUlUhiU 'U'UUVN'I'l\11 N'U 'i111'i ~~'WVlVll.J 'l'll~lhi11hi fl ' . . .9931 . d

m u m ~ lhi rr:wu:; w u 01 ~ 1111vm., '1'1 u fl fl<lt hi u ~ fl fll'il'l:; ~11 u fl t1 ~ fl111J., ~ 1 ~ 111 'IJ u~ N'U:; 11 n '1'1 ~ ~ 'U q q 'U

QJ d' 'JI!iJ 'j/ 0!!1 o 'j) t11fl1111hll ~~'l'lll11'1l1'1JU<l~fll<l~ 1 ~'llU~lJflfl<lt hiU~mmuu~ 1 hi:J~I'I'U\1 ~ •

ri111~ulimJW~l~hi'll!l~m; Vlml'fuuu\l ~!l 'll-ltuu<!~nlli~ 1 ~'IJ u~~i1m1hi rr ~ fll'i '1111 M' u • •

m1:wi1:wiJv'1Ju~~.;1mlhi~l fllllUhi~N<l~lhi rr~ m1mm h 1 ff'll!l~~u'1111'i~l m;1 M'm1:w • • • 'li1vl11 iiv~lfl ~u'1111:; 11 ~ m1:w li 1 ~lli hi 'll u~ ~u '1111> u1u flO! N m >~ ~li'lu QU rrn 11'11'111 'IJ 11~11 ~

.<::>, I 'j/ I ~ fl111J<I'W'I'l<Yhim~111Nm1mlhil'll •

4. 'U'i'i Vlflli'IU'U'Uli'l'W rlhiltl~ (Familiar Climate) li'lhi'U'i'iVlflll'f~u <1111~ii ~ill'!:; fll'W'IJU~

'!Jflfl<l~l~ '1 l hi v~fi m> u <l~m1:w .;' v~m:;m ~i! ~11m i'lhi ~ ~rillit]J ~u '11111ll' fl ~ ~<! ~l<l v~ufl n

111u fJ :w m; '1'11~ 1u '1lll fl.;~ fl ~ 111 ~ Ufli.J'i ~ lD vu 'lilt M' U'i:: rrutf '1J111 m >.; ww hi~ 1 hit M' m > 'l~'~ 1:w

• • li'l1111l1V i~\lilM 11mvii~QU<Y»flt him>uijm~lhi ~::iimfl 111fl~u1111> 1 mi':Ji111 rril 'l'l<Yhi:wnu

fl~ :w 1Jfl fl 01 U<l~'U '11111 ~lhiU u u '1lll u hi NO!~ lhi .J~ v~'ll 1 l'lfi111J 'W tJ ltJ UJ ~ ~ ~ m~ ~u 11~ u ~ ~ 1 ~ l M'

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26

• ff1'11-rml'rnlw::<f1fity'll!H1J'i1 mmrru uuil fiB rm 1:Jhl'm1lJ'hlJiiB'IlB~ ~hw~1'W \1' ~

'll1tyun::r11ll'~hn.lmhumm fl11lJW11~1ff'llB~~u~m1~1 fl11lJ'f'h~lM'W'IJB~~U~'I1111'11 f111

'j/ <=!. 0 ' ~ 'JI """ ~l l u u m1u m 11 ll:: m1 '111m '11M~ 1 fl ~m '1111u 1'W fllll ~

"""' .x'j)q 5. U111Jlfllr!IIUU'il'W'YI'I'Wllfl (Paternal Climate) U11V1fllffiiUU'WHU1'11Ufi1UfllJ\il11~ • • 0

lil11flnuBllii~1'W miN 1 ml';fl v'i1 "l M'1Jflflll "l mmi'm1ilm1lJj'iifl111JfllY~!lulJ 1flfl11~~::lfifl ~lfl • ~ • ~ ~ ~ ' ~.. • ~ <d • • q d d • ~

IIH~~ ~~W~ 'Y11 !'111Jflflll ~'W!Hflf111~ll'fl11 ~lJlJfl11lJf111'11'W1 ~'WVl'll\<1 'WBfl~1fl'W~1J'i'I11H::11U

ll1'W 1 ~ H v'i 11 M'jiifl11~u1m1~~l ti'u Hll~1'W mfl .1' nf 'W ~~v'i 11 M'm1lJ ff'm-1'mh::'I11N~u ~'1111 fl1l1Jflflll1 'WB~fimnh~lM'Wfl'W

<l m-J w:: l~ u 'IJ B ~ m 1 v 1 mr111 u u rl fiB m ml' u ~ H ll ~ 1 u flu 1 :J "l M' fl11lJ ~ 1lJ ii B 'll B ~

~~1lJ~1'W\J~ 1JUll'nfl'llfl'll1N~1 fl11lJll'U'Yill''Wm::'I11N~~ 1lJ~1'W~1 'll1tyllll::rl1ll~ "l ~'IJB~

~~1m1ul'l1 m11 M'm1lJ'Jhm'll~BU1'Wfllll~ m1mi1~lM'W'IJB~ ~u~m1~1 11n::m1mm1 ~ 1 ff'll B~

"'' "' d·~ 1~'·"'"' 6. 1J'i11JlfllffiiUUufl (Closed Climate) '11lJ1VtN 1J'i1V1fllff'Y1~1J'i'I111~1'W fiV ~lJfll'W~(l~

~ ~ 1 G}V .c!. ' I "" oGJV t111lJ\il!l~f111 llll::fl11lJH11J'fl'll!I~1Jflflll 1J'i'I111~1'W fiV ~'llflj,jj::lUVU!WNlfiHfl1fl 'YI1 !'111Jflflll

1 'W !l~rl f111 lJ'Il1tyrl1 ll~ 1 ~~ 1 llll:: iJm 1lJYl~'l<1 !11 ~ i 'WHM1'Wl Vi v~ l~ flU !I v l ~ B~lJ1~1fl'IJ 1fl tn1lJ

~1lJ jj !lfl'W f11 Hill iJ 'W ~ 1'\J'IJ!I ~!I~ rl flU 1:J 11U~ 'W II ll:: 'IJ 1 flfl11lJnl1'H V 1 ~ 1'W ~ 1 ~ '1 lJ !I U ll'11 fl • 3</I'J/..,. 'J) Gj'Jio dt 'JI Gj'JI"" '"" II)••

lllJ11~m '1111 ~::'1<1 V1V1lJfl1:: 'J'W 1Jfl fill 1 '11 'Y11 ~1 'W l '1<1 Bll'11 ~ Hll ~ 1'W ~ '11 flU \ii'Wl!l~ 11\illJ fl ~:; ~lJ fl !IV

unll'tJNll ff1lh l'l<111::l ~!I~~ 1flf1'u~ m11:J ilm1lJ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 'IJ 1flflU::flm\'Ju f1''111~~"l 'W m1~ ~:: • • • •

ll''W 1 ~ 1v~'l1'1ll1 M'tn1lJ'lhm'll~mn!lflmu1umm1 u !l~rlfln !lm1~n::lll v~ Bll'1ll'~flmm::'ll 1flil1'11 • 0

fflJ'If'W n1::'11lNfl'W 1 'W !l~rlf111 'W Bfl~ 1flrl '1<1(]~fl11 lJ~ ~U~'I111 llll::1Jflflll1 'W !Nrlf111 II ll'fl~ !l!lfllJl

~I~ ~d ~~~d ~::lu'W\<1 (]\ilfl11lJII UUlll'll ll'1 ~lJ 1111lJ ~ 'l ~ ~ ~ 'W !I V'YIIJ'fl

• llfl'I!IW::l~'W'IJB~1J'i 1V1fllffiiUUU fiB rm 1:J"!M' 1111lJ~ 1lJi:J!I'IJ!I~ f1'~ 1lJ~1'W ll' ~!IUll'nfl

• • 0

'llfl'll1N\J ~ 1111lJll'U'Yill''WlJ'l::'I11N ~~1lJ~ 1'W u 1'W fllll~ 'll1tyllll::rl1ll~ h'llll~ ~~1m 1'W ~ 1 fll'l l M'

fl11lJ'Jhvm~!l~1fl~1J~m'll'l1 tn1lJ'rh~lM'W 'IJB~~u~m1 \1' ~ flm ti' u~~l'W 11 ~ ull::ll11men1 ~ 1 ri 'j/ ""' ~

'IJ!I~~1J'i'lll'llil1

111llU'W (Hilpin) ll'1Ut111lJl~'W111 'WU11V1fllffi~'llfliiUUtT'W m; VlfllffiiUUUfll\'J'W

m'lV1fllff~Vl~th::ll'~rl~ll'fl i~ v~rlw)u 1 u ~'W 1i~m'lV1fllffiiUUUfl ~~l\'Juun v1mrr~ 1:JYl~ 0

u1::ll'~fi

• ~ d

4 111JU fi~'W

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27

1. 1Jn!'Jlf11ftH1J1JIN~~f111 (Exploitive Authoritative Climate) 1J11!'Jlf11fthW~rlf111

1~1J1J~ H1J~'Im 1Jrn1w ~mi'u IJrn1lJ ~ ~ ~ h nl'l~fi11lJ '11'11~ h.i <JHN'1.1'u~fl'mJ'ru'lf11 Vl ~~ 'U 'li'IJ ..

d ~ .. '1 '""" ... .... ..:. "" .... ""' '31 , o' d lllfl'WtW 'ln<JH'I11J~~ lJlJillV '11tjl)lfl11lJf111ll'W1Jlllj'W'II~fl'WHl'l::fl'WlJ'W<J~lJlfl 'I.Jfifill 'W<J~fif111lJ

'; Y d 9 '; ~ • o .. '; ~ ~ d 9 Yo ?1 H'W1 !'WlJ'Vl~::f:lfl~~ ~~ !i)]V11if111'UlJ'U'I'I1<Jf111M !'1111'111~1'W~ lJfll1 !'ll<l1'W1~Hl'l::fi11lJI1J'W • • • u~ umr fi11lJ MVI~'I1 il, ~ n~ '1 u-rl' 1il~ rl fll1 fll19i fl.i<J ~<J ll11 i~ lJ ~ 1 m11' il~1J'W ll ~lJl til ,1 <J ~ ci N

u iv1l1Vfl01flru'li'ul'l::rn1>lfliYu 1 ~ ~::!Jflfll'l'l ufliflv~1l~'l'l11 u.im~ ~::1Jfl11U ci<Jv 1 ,rnrn~ 1lJnu

1'1l ~fl 'lfil1J 1 u fl11.!' fl i:Yu 1 ~ '1.1'1 Vl~~~~ml' <J~ n l1::: .l'u ~ ll<Jfl fill' <J~ rl1J'W 1 ~1Jl ~~ ~1J~ '1'1 mh'l'l u fl '11

• u <Jfl~1fl ~::1Jrn1 'il1nm uu 1J1JU fi ff'mfu i 1::: '1'111~1Jfi fill 1 u <J~rl m1 1 f1VIu'l11:: 1::'1'111~;;l11'1mJ'u

• "' 0 ' .

'li<J~.l1uml~ul1'1 im ~ll1'1~fll1fi11JfilJU~fl1JUW'lf1~~f:lm 1lJ H ru ViH1l~mn~l'11lll ~rvht!u q t.r 'll 'U 'U

i!~rlfl1111 1l1lil1Ut1' v 1 u m 1 ~1fllftu 1J 1JIN~ ~ fl11~ ~::!Jn u 1iUlJ~.iu.l'1wl'J l'l'llJ 1 ~'ll i!~<J~rlfl1Hl1 • l ,r 1l'J 1'1'1lJ 1 V l 'W f111 U ~ 1J"'9i ~ 1 'W 'U il ~ 'lJ flfill ~ 1 fl111J ~ '1'111 1)11lJ J U 111J 1J ~I fl fl ~ 1fll1 'W fi9i '11 1]11 ~ l 'W fl'1 'W

0 '31 d .... ~ 'lJ fifill Vl'W 1 ~'I'I'Wl 'Vlllll~ f111 ~ fl il~ fi fll1

2. 1l11V1fllftH1J1J\j11111llU'11)1~ (Behevalent Authoritative Climate) I~'Wm1~1fllft

1J1~fi f ~1Jfl11 u~f11J lJfl11 1 ,rfi11lJ"Ji1vm iiuul'l ~fi11lJ 'i1lJ i'lunu 1 u <J~rl fl111~'1'111~ N1J~ '1'111 nll •

, " .... t 'J/""' ~ .... ""'d ,S/.<:1 .... ,d 'I.Jfifill 'W il~fi f111 l)l~'W 'W f::l1l1'1'11 H ~ ~<JlJ 11JYi ~ fl11lJ fifll'l'l 'Will'!:: VillJ 'l'llJ fll1 1)1 fll)l <J ll<J ll11 ~ 1fl

,l • '1 y y d dl l .I l ?1 o' ~ ~ ~ 11J<J~ l11~ fill N lJfi11lJ'I1 ~'11il ~1J 1'W flll H 'W flU I1J'W 1Jfil11fl1 il ~ fif111 fl11J ~ fi1J1JW'lf1U l1:::

0 u

" -~ ')) """ .:::1 ""' , 3. 1l11V1f11fttNfifll1111J1JlJ1fl111 (Consultative Climate) f::l1l1'1'111~::lJ'I1tjl)lfl11lJ 'Wfll1

'1111~ 1 ~~~.,~1Jrn11J~~ ~ 1 ~.iu'lJ fifill 1 u u~.r m1 IJrm'll lltf1u u~tl1u<1~ 1 ,r t11m flm 1Ylml1'1'1'W fl

"' .. 9 y, ~ ~ , ' "' d, y ' d I1J 'WI! 'W 1'11 H '1'11 il ! 'lf 'W f111 1)1 flll'W ~ ll ~llllJ ll 'W ll fl ~ 1 fl ~::: I1J'W 1J 11 V1 fll ft'Vl '1'1 f111 ~fl ~ll ~II ll::: lJ

.: , t ""' 'JI '31 "" 0 , y , d' ""' 'J/~ .... """ ""' <>.-""> ll~~~ ~m'11Nift111~flm!ll~m1lJ~ um ~~'111 'I'I'I.Jfifill u ll~fifll1lJfl11lJ~ llm 1J Nfl'lfll1JH<l::u {] 1Ji)l

'I'IU 1~1 fill, ,r m 1lJil'J 1 'l'llJl V'll <J ~ ll ~ rl f111 1'1 ~ J 'W ~ ~ lJf111 ~ 1lJ i'J il ~ 1lJ, ~ n 'W fll v, 'W ll ~ rl fl11 u.i

'id d " d ~ y~Jiiy"' ~ d .. <JVH 1fll)l1lJll1~~~lJf111ll~ !'1111 lJfi11lJ'UfiiW~Iflfi'U'W fii1J'WfiHfl111 Ull~ll1~~~lJfi11lJ'I1~

'I'W l ~ \1' n'W lllJ fi111~V 1rl1J fl11lJlY11~ ~'ll i!~l)l 'WIll~ dO 0 Y~ ,y ~ iy ,

4. 1J11!'JlfllftU1J1JlJll1'W11lJ (Participative Climate) f::l1l1'1'111 'l'lfll1ll'W1Jll'4'W 11N ~

Ull~ ~~ ~ 1 ~.i<J1Jfifill 1 uu~rl' flU If ~~ll~ lJ 1 11'1Jm1tl1m1lJfl fl 1 'WI~~ ll1' N llnrl' IJrn1 ~~"I~ 1 u rn1 ' .

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28

~u1'111~ i~Ju li~llu ~ff:uiu li~~nuu.,~nm~u mil~u 11 u uflu llu~uu.,~ll mliJI'l~ '1'11 hl'llm~ . .

'l'll~l'Ul~'U ~:u 1 Mfldl:U ~1:Ullll'l11vmi'lll<ii~ n'UH<l~n'U 'U llfl ~lnwllrm:u ~ ~j flllfl~~llfl~ lJ ll<l ~

m1:u i' u H\ll'lfllU~ll nnu ~u1l~1'U ~ ml'l lM:U 1 V'll ll ~ ll~ rf fll'i \! ~

mm1rru~'Ull~1<ltfifn unvlfllffl'llm~uu~ 4 ~~~~uunmmrr~~~lJ'I'l i~Ju'l11n ' ~ ~ ~ • d • ~-' d ' d • ~ ~ 0 ~.!!

!l~flfll~ A\lllJU~~IJlfllff Afl<l~~UU'Vl 4 A 'Ill nJlJlfll'I'W~ l\llflllff\ll~1l:UU~'Wlfllff A'Ufll'J'VlNl'U\ll'IJ'U

~'Vli'U H<l~<YI'l1~lflllf (Litwin and Stringer) Mt<!'U!l~UHUU'Ull~U'J~Vlfllrlll~rfnn

4 uuu t'!funu Muri

1. UJ'JIJlfllffltUUf111H'li'l'Ul~ (Authoritarian Climate) l~'Uf11111:Ulll'Ul~fll~il'lff'Ul~

H~~u1'111~ ff1'U~U~u11~ 1uJ u ~~.rll~U ~ml\lll:Ufl~ 'J~A ilvu mi1~tfl~ ~fl i'\ll ~un uuun mmrr

'JI • ""' ~ " ""' t'lfu w ~~ <i ~~., 111 ~u~illl~l'Wil'll1\)!H<l~fhl1~ l ~ 1 u ~ l'U .'1 1 'llll'lfldl:U flflff~l~<Yn fl ~., ~<l\ll<lfl<l ~

u (l:; n 'llrru fl~ 1 :U~~ !lflci lJ fl'U 1 'U !l~.r fll'J 0

:v ?I "" :v_l""' ,_, .<:~. 61 :v.:::. 2. U'J~IJlfllffUUUl'U'Ufldl:Ulu'Ufl'UAV~ (Affiliative Climate) fjU{]U\ll~l'U:Ufldl:U Afl<l'lffl

<Yil 'Vl<Yu:u llm1:uff:uiu£u.,~'llrrufl~~~~llnu llm1:uYl~Yw 1 ~ 1 u ~ 1u \! ~ u~ml:ufifl1t~:u ll~1 u

~~.luulumm .,i I 0 d ....,. Yl

3. U111Jlfllff'Vl~~fl1l:Uffll~~'IJ!l~~l'U (Achievement Oriented Climate) f1lll!Jllull1lJlV

'llll~ll~rfm~A~'U Ml1mhfi\)! ~u~illl~lullml:ufifl1 t~:u <Y51~ <Ynrf llm1:uYl~l1ll 1 ~ i 'Wfm'l'l mu

.<:!. 9/ Gj 'j/ o d IGJ Q.l .Q Q.l "">d.<::! I ~ 1

lJ fldl:U \llll~fll~ Al1 ~ 1 'U <!1!1 ~ lJ IJ l 'U'l ~flU<!~ U<l:;:U 'V1 ff'U rl\ll 'V1 1'1 \llll ll1ll'U'l1m l'U • • 4. m ~ lllfllff~ i M' fldll.Jlllrl\)!~ll ~u~illl ~l'U(Employee Centers

d~

Climate) :U<lfl'IHI!:;

rl1fi'l! fill llm'i~fl~ll~ll<Ymtuuttlflt~v i M'm1:u'l11vm i'lll~~n'Wlt<l:;nu llnmn~ ~llllll'U 1 ~

m ~ i fl ff'U i ~ ~ ~ m ~Ill m rrrl' ~:; 'li1m vl:u u ~:; ff'Vlll ml1 rm v'il ~ 1 u u.,:;., fl !l \ll ~ 1 rm m ll ll n ~1m 1 u .<:It !i) <=> ""'"""" <:::I'J/43 :Vet 'illo llflm<l\lll'l'U'IJ'U fll~~<l\lllt<l~<lfll1<ll l 'U fll'JU {]U\ll~l'U llflfl11J ll111! fl:;m 1\llfffl'l;illtUUf111~ fj'U 1

• ~ ' i .ot -1 ~ "' "" o "" 'llll~r;Jm Ml ~ u .,~ m ~ lllfllffll~fl n1~ 'Ull~ ~ ~~ ~ vu u ~~f1:Ufffl'I;Jl <Y ~ n fl <Yl'W n ~ l'U flll!~ m~ :u n1 ~

u~:;f1:Ufffl'I;Jl\l~M1fl'll mmriu YlU'.h 1. u uu m1~ H'u l'llll~ H'u 1 '111 'i h ~ ~ vu ff1'U 1 mut~ u u uu • • •

U~:;'lflnU11'liJ ~ll~<l~lJll~'UUUUA<Y1ilv:u ll<l~UUUU\ll\lllllU 11'lll\llllllhiu 2. U'J~ lllfllffll~rffll'J

'llll~ h ~~1vu ff1'U 1 myt~'U un mmrru uutlfl 'ill~<l~lJlA~'U m 'J IJlfllffHuumufJ:U u uutl\ll u u u

43 G.H. Litwin and R.A. Stringer, Jr., Motivation and Organizational Climate (Boston,

Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, 1968),

81-82.

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29

""' o 'j) d ?1 ""' :v o ')' ~ mn~ Uei~U1Jm1'1Hl1'U1~ 'U <JV'I'lffl'lllJ'U m 1 V1f111'!!11J1Jff'U '1'1 ff'U lJ 3. !11J1Jfl11~fl'U 1'1! fl~ l H!1 V'U

0 •

J-~ 3 uuu iii<J uuull'l'll'l11il.J'll'lv uuutff1ilv:u ue~~uumh~'lf11hJ'll'lv 'l~iJm1:u<f:u'Vi'u£nu

.... 0 ::;:"144 'j) .Q "">.<::1ll)'j)dl _r= .Q

!11J1Jff'U'I'lff'UlJ!l1J1J11lJ<Jl'U 1~!lei~U1J1J1JI'l 'l'll~l'l1'U 11~VI'! fflJel !l'll'!flfll!lel~l1J1 VlJ! '1'1 V1Jf\11lJ

fll'ltit'U'IJ<J~.,j'111'lff111 f\1~lJ~<Jm 1 Vlflll'!fl~,)fm 1 'U 11 ~~1 V'U 1:f' ~ nmhw t1~1'Ul'IJI'l~'U ~f111 fft111 1 • ~o .dl I' ':-I

l1'U!N1J1'cllfl l'IJI'l I !lel~l'IJI'l 2 'lf~1J11Vltlll'!fl~flf111Um!1J'U 4 !11J1J ll'l!ltl 1J11Vlf111'!!11J1J!1JI'l • un V1f111'!uuu fln'l'i'u m 1 V1t111'!uuu 'I~ fln'l'i'u ue~~m-; V1t111'!!11J1J 111'1 ll'lV~ 1u u tll'l1:U 11-W' 1~ • •

'j) .<::1 ""' d ' I. 'IJ111'lft1Uf\1lJf111lJfll'lll1'UI'leJ1J>1 Vlf111'!'1Jfl~ •

<J~Ii'm11 u 11 ~~1 vu 1'11:Um1Vlf111'!U1J1Jl1J 1'1ue~~m1 v1 ml'!uu u r;jtl'Vi'u mn ue~~l'l1:Um 1 V1f111'!

uuu 'l~r;jtl'Vi''Wlm~ un V1f111'!uu utl!'l u1u nm~ ue~ ~ trl<JY! ~11\U lflll'il ~m~v1num1:Ufll'ltil u

~~v1nuun mml'!'ll<J~<J~Ii'm11 u h ~~ vu Vi1Jl1 .,r<J~iJ~1!'il ~Vf111:Ufll'lti1 u 'IT ~~l)'l'liii<J un mml'!

uuutti1'11<J~e~~m !.~'uri m1V1f111'!UUUr;Jtl'Vi'u ue~~m1V1tlll'!uuutl!'l m:uihiu ri1u.,J'<J~iJ

~1m ~Vf111:Uflfltil u~1~fffliii<J m1 mml'!uuu 'l~fln'l'i'u 2. N'u1 m-; ue~~mN'ff<J'UlJf11l:Uflfltilu q '1.1 'II 'II '1.1

~~v1nuunmmi'!<J~finu1u h~~vu i:Y~nl'l<hwm1'Wt'lll'l~u~m1fffl111l1'U<J~'lh1'1nt'lll'l 1 ue~~ • II] I I <v 'j) d<'>l_l <I o 'j) ' ';;'II .<:t_l <I

!'IJI'l 2 !lJ!ll'ltll'l1~tl'U 3. 'IJU1'lft1Uf\1'1'llJ1J"J~ff1Jf11"J\Uf11"J'I'lN1'U'U<JVt111 20 1J !lel~lJ1J1~ff1Jf111\U • m1·ri1~1u 20 il~u 'lu iJm1:ufifltilut~v1nuunmmff<J~!i'm-;'IJ<J~ h ~~vu i:Y~nfl<hwn~1ut'IJI'l ~'U~f111fft11ill1'Ufl~lhi1'1!J !'IJI'l I !111~!'1!1'1 2 '!~UI'ltl~Ntl'U 4 . .,J'111'lff111f1J~UiJu"~~1'Ul'U h ~~1 vu~iJ'IJu 1f1~1~nu iJm1:Uflflt it 'Ut~v1nuun mmi'!<J~ li'nu 1 u h ~~ vu Ul'lt1~1~nu mh~iJ WV<i'ltlill'l'll~ff(\~~1::fl1J .05 lfl VVilJ"llf\1 l 'U 1-; ~~1 V'U 'IJ'Ulfl!~tllJf\11lJfll'lllj'Ul~V1tl1J 1J>1 Vltlll'! • •

fl~ fi !111 l 'U 1 Ht1 V'U !Ill 1Jltil'l!tl1::UU 1J fltl'Vi''U ff ~ tll1.,j'U 1'11!1 11m 1 'U 1 H t1 V'U 'IJ 'U 11'1 l l1tU!l~ 'l.l <u <u tl

.,j'111'lft1Uf1J 1 'U 11 ~~1 V'U'IJ'U 1fll~ tllJ f111lJfl fll,:j 'U ~~ V1tl1J1J 11 V1f111'!fl~,) tll"J 1 'U 11 ~~1 V'U!IUU '!~

fltl'!'i''Ull'cl::UUU1Jf1~1tll1.,j'U1'lff111f\1 1 'U 11 ~~V'U'IJ'U1f11 l1tU45

• • •

44 :J/o 'j)"" o' ie::!-1 <:2 fl11ll fl~m,"uuum1:: r;j'W 1'1Jfl~r;Jml111tm::un mmi'!<J~flt111'1J<J~ 11 ~~., VD -;::!1:UI'!t111 1

1:f ~tlflff1W m1u flru~m -;:um1 1111 u1:: fllJfft111 1 ~~l1lfi'IJ <J'U 11 riu ",('i '1'1 v 1 il Vi'U £ f11ffl ffl'l1

:u111uru oill'l uru oill'l1'1'lv1<1'v :um1'1'lv1<1'11'lfnumv,254 7),43.

45 ";)~:;vi'! if:ul\, "t1Ufft11111J11V1tlli'!'IJ<J~fl~,)tll-; 1 'U h ~~ V'U ff ~tlflff1Wm1'U!'IJI'l~'U~

f1Ufft1111l1'Ufl~U1i1'1fl!'IJI'l I !111~!'1!1'1 2" (1'1'lmiJvm£m!'!lffl'l"JlJ\11UIUoill'lurucVil'l1'1'lV1i1V • 0

~ ~ ~

lJl111'1'1Vl 11 V11 'Iff) {jl'cl V ,254 7),43.

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30

oQJ JG) .d! 1. A1Un'itll!JIIil~A11lJ1:r1Ai!J'Utl~U~~£llfllftMAfll~ !'Ul:rtll'llftflloll

' • .;\ ~I • d ~ J! -~~ ~ ~ ' U~ 'WlfllfHl~ 11fll~ ! ll!Hll'W Mflfll I u'W fflll'VHl'lll<HllJ'Vllflll 'U'W ~ lflflUU{J l'l'lJ'I'l'W 1i

~t11'il~1JAI1l1flU~ ~lnllntllJ l 'W l'l'tll'W ffflfll~tVIlW!jllfHl~ti'IJI111l1 l 'W l'l'tll'W ffflfll lll1t ff ~ Nl11 U~ ~

111llJ j'ifn 'U t1~1J 1111111 u l'l'tn'W tlnm u ~ ~ v1 fllfftl~ fi' n n 't u l'l'mu ffflfllii V'Vlll 'l'll1 ~ ti'IJ 11111 m 't u

l'l'tll'W ffflfll U ~~ Vlfllffff(ll'W fffl'l;ll~~ ~t vll l M'n1~ vlH l'W'IJ ti~UI1!1lm l 'W l'l'tl l'W ffflfllU n l1 ' '

~llVI lJlVIlllJ 111llJ.l' ti~ fll~ ~ ~dltlt1J~ 'J'Il ~ ff ~ Nll 1 M'1nllm ~ Vlfllff~~ l 'W l'l'tll'W ffflm tltl flWU ll

'J) ..,g ..,g ~ QJ 91 'j) !.?ld l'l'fll'l'lll11ll1tllJ'Utl~ l'l'tl l'W ffflloll 'li ~ ~ 1 Vl1 t I t1 Vll 'IJ tl ~ fll~ ~lllll1 ~ \'1'~ 1 ~ \'1' fll 'l'lll11ll1 tl lJ 'W 'WI u 'WI~ tl~ 'IJ tl ~

1 ,t!J ..J. 1 ~.<::5 9) 'j) o ?1 d I QJ & ' Vi 'J) r 111'1!1 t l'l'tl 1'W ffflfll 'VII'! N fllJ l'l'fll'l'lll11ll1 tllJ 11!1~ 1111lJ 1'1 t1 ~ fll ~ ~ 11 u 'W 'VI !Ill fllll ~ fl'W ~ ~ fll111 ! ll11

un Vlfllffl'l'tn'W ffflfllii V'Vln 'l'll1 ~ t1 u 11111m 'V1 1111 u 1 fftl l'W tin m .1' ~ J u l'fmu tin mm ~ 11'1 u l1' tl 1 u ~ ' '

~~nu ~ ~ v1mrY~~ tllm! nn n ffflfllll'I''W t~I111JJ VI mvu11 ~ mlJJ d1rl't1J'Utl~m ~ v1n1fft1 ~.r n1~ 1 u

ffmutlnm H.l~d '11t~n'lf' l!l1~11W~ (Fox and others) nci11-l1 m~Vlfllff~~'lltl~fff.1l'Wffflm~~l'll1M'r~l1Nl11l

1 u nn 1'11~1'W u nl11 u ri~llli~VIm v~d1fi w Mu ri nm1 vu ~ ~~v1fiu l'lilfll ~ mn11'll'W 1ff' ~11lJ q q,) q q .. qj

QJ QJ 0 Gj 'j) & d d I GJ ?I d.<:!~ t lll1tfll~U~ uu1 ~VIl1fl\J'Il~ 'Vll 1 Vlfff.1l'WffflmiU'W 'Vl'W l'l'ltl 1 ~ !Ill ~lu'W fftn'W 'Vl'VllJI11llJVIlJ11Jmi1J

QJ.<:! G}'JJ 'G! & 1.::!146

lll1t'Wfli~V'W~~ !'lit1!1ltl~ ! 'W l'l'f.1l'WffflflltiVl~lJill

'd ~ d ~ •• • ' d • l'litl~~ !tl11'W (Sergiovanni) Ill !VII111lJVIlJlV'IJti~U~~V1fllfft1~11flU'Vli'W'WIIl'l'l1~

un mmfftl ~ fi' m~ 't u fff.1l'W ffflfll til vn ci 11-l1u n mfllfftl~ fi' f1l ~ 1 u fftl 1 u ffflfl1 VIm v ~ ~ ;:1 flfl w ~ ~ .. .;\ • .. "~ " ' .. ..; d ' Utlfltl ~ ff(ll'WI'fflloll !lll'ftll'W ffflfll VI 'W ~ Ill VI ll 'I'll~ 'li~llllfllll~ ~ lfll'ftll'W ffflfl1tl 'W '1 U !1~ lJ Nl11l tJ

""' "' .ct a & 'JJ&. "' "" ""e::~ ' 'l'lt] 1'1 m ~ lJ 'IJ ti~11JIIl1 ~ 'W f1l ~ V'W VI~ tltl 1 ~ ~ ~ VllJliJ tl ~ 1111lJ Jfffl 'IJ tl ~ 11JIIll ~ 'W fll ~ V'W 'VllJ 1'1 tJ

l1' f.1l 'W fffl fl147

m1nw ll'l'1~mr u11~11w~ nci11~~i:1nf!w~'IJ t~~ t~~fi'm~ H11v~fi'm~ iii:1nflw~~ d1fit1J

fit~ (I) iiwnm'l'lm~ff' ~11lJ (2) iitl'I1V1mv~u uu ti'W (3) iimotltlfl!IUU 1m~ ff~l~mh~~ tiUI1tiU ' ' .

~m~n~~uui1~nnJJliu~~l1'1u ~1u fiu < 4) iinm'!it~JJ 1v~fiuffm'l'llnlllit~JJm vu t~n u t~n~ 1ni1

Y o' _I 'J) doc! <>~ "" <I<J.J d d' """ .l d. .ct

lll11tl~ 11 n n u 'i ~ n t1 u ll1 v 1J 111111 'VllJ 111llJ fflJ 'l'l u lin u 'IJ 1111<1 t1 u t1 ~11m~~~ 1 flll 'II u llJ t11J 1111l1lJ

uu ff'm1u.fi~~VIlN fl'W, 'W fll~ua U~VI U' 1~U 1VI n Ullfll~ l.yjtl'lhv, M' u 'i~ \)li'llVIlJlV'IJtl~ tl~fl fll~

46 Robert S. Fox and others, School Climate Improvement: A Challenge to the School

Administrator. (Englewood; Colorado: Phi Delta Kappa, 1973 ), 1-3.

47Thomas J. Sergiovanni, and Robert J. Starratt, Supervision : Human Perspectives.

(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983),56.

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' ' . .... """ 'j/ .::!.<=!.I .<::! 'j/ .<!:! 'j/ liJ 'jJ _I 1 d'<!!!. 49 f111m1JH111'l1U1J U[l~I111U'V111flli\WIJUUIJ~111fl<J 1111U111J !l1lll[l~f-l[lu~~ W'lilJiflUfJ[l

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ti~~!11Jfff11J1;]'~111111th~u 'Vl1J'·h m~ IJ1f111'1 1111v~111t~uu1Jm1mhm~ 1111viih ~~vu 1 u !Y ~n111 • ~ -1 ., ' "' • ~ ' '), > ~ ~I ff1Um1'W fll~ u ~ ~ !111 i'lfl'IJ 1 <Jllfl <J!IJU~[ll'Vl U 111Jn IJ1flli'IU~f1 f11 ~ U ! HI~ IJU! u U ll1J1Jf111Jf111 . '

• h ~~ vu 1 u !Y~n111rl1'11m1um~tl~~l11lffflmrl11fm1h'lf1~ cl1tfluli cl11null'1u 1 i~ cl1tfluu!.lm u[l~

~~v11nm"lv~11 u u~riu~ lim ;mmrru~fim~ 'l u h ~lliJUI~'WII1Jm 11JV1U1 ~ ~~~~um~mmrr~

~1J 111 n 1J 1m~~ 1u u1J 1J u u ml1 rl' ~ f111J fJ 11111 ~ 1 ~ 111 ~ 111 [l ~ iJ t 'V1 rrn n tl () llii ~ 1 u u d H 1 f1 <1'~111

48= """"" <I <V O<ll""'fl 1'1~1n\ll lffni11Uil[l~f1\ll~, U~flfll'lll[l~f11~~111fl1~. (f11~1'Vl'Vl11111Ufn: ff1Ufl'Vl11'Vl

'If I'IJUlftfl'IJ 1 ,2545), 12.

49 fil'l11ff u 11111u 1[1, "fll~fffl'IJ 1m~ IJ1f111'1 h ~~IJUll[l~f11111i1~'VlU '), ~ 1 Ufll~UQ1J1i~1'W

'II u~'li'1~1'lif11~ f1l1 ~ ~i~ vu tl ~~•m fffl'IJ 1 !Y ~n111 rl1 '11 f1 nw m ~ tl ~ ~ 1111 fffl'IJ 1 ;]~111111 i'viJ iJ."

('l'Vlmi'J 'VlU £ f11 I'll ffl11 ~11111 u Ill of\111 u Ill of\ 111l'V11J1 rl' 1J 111111 'V11J1 rl' v~ 1 '!ill omv ,2546),4 3.

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32

.d o<!!l "" ~ ' jl&>. "' 'jl 'jl""' ..,j "" ,. 1111fffl'>llfi!l 1111VI'Ufi1ll.J'IIfi!W~1 ~'1111~ H'!nl111fl'Ufin'rliJH ll'!l'W 111>1 !l~ !11J'W!fliJ1fl'lJ 1111 'Jj • • •

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• u '

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'I • •

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l!\llfl~Nrl'\.1

2. m1:ufi~V1!ll ~ 1 'W 1111"11ij'U1l~1'W'II !l~fiJ h ~!1vu "111 ~lll.Jfffl'>ll ifi 1Jfi1VI11:Uil"!Jl'W fl<ll~ 4 • _,; d .. 9 9 _,Q ~ i d ~ "' d

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'II'Wlfifl<ll~ l!<l~'II'Wlfi l my VI'U11 1l-iulllfl~l~rl'W 3. m'i IJ1111ff h ~t'1vu n'Uml:ufi ~VI!l h l u 111'i

"!Jij'U1l ~1u 'II !l~ fiJ h ~t'1vu "\J'i ~ ll:Ufffl'>~l if.~ nfi rl1'11 fl~ 1u fll'i "111~ 11:u ffflm .r~ l11'fitVI 'Jj'j1J '1 i fiv

mVI'i 1:uilm1:uif.:uiu t rl'u l 'W'VlNmfl mh~il'!!vrll;-lru'Vl Nll'il~~ 'l~i'U .Dl52

Bl'W 1v n'1m1n 1.1' u '

50 .::!tl v l1 ~ ~ '111 fi

lh'!l 'W." ( 111 'i fi'u fi lll! 'U'U Vll''i ~ fffl'>llfflll'lll f:u mD"ru ofilll D"ru ofilll1'V11Jlr1m :;iv ~ l '11l-i ,2546),29.

Sl ""' "' <I "' "' <I • ""' 'jl o 'jJ ""' "" '\1 '\.1 'V1 !l ~ ~ 'i Ill VI '\.1 1i, "fi1ll.J ll'l.JVI '\.1 1i 'i ~ '1111 ~VI t) Ill m 'i lJ r;! '\.1 1 'II !l ~ r;! m '111 'i fl 'lJ m 'i 1J 1111 ff

!l~tll111'11!l~ 1'Vlvlr1VI11'i m:;iVI l!<l~1'Vlvl51J ll'l1ifi 'li1~ 1 'W fl~l.Jillfifl<l N if.~ nfim :um:;i1fffl'>ll."

(1'VlmuVI u n n1 fflll'lllf:ul11 11" ru o\1 Ill 11" ru o\1 lll1'Vlv 1r1v ll'lllD u 'i l'Jjtl Dun 'i "tJ ~ :u ,2546),45.

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33

;! _!"! d ' ;! ~ Ji ~ l'lfl'IJ 1Hl1:::t u ~ 1.11J! 'V11.11J m ~ l.llfllft!Hflfll ~'IJ B~ fl'tll'W l'lfl'IJ 1 'IJ 'W 'Vl 'W ll'W \illlJ'Vl ~ ~ ft'W::: 'IJ !l~'IJ 1 ~ l'lffll ~ fl J

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m~mmftfl1tu1U~lru 'Vl1J'll

1.1J ~ ~ l.llfllftB~fl flU 'IJ B~ fl'tll'W fffl'IJ l,j''W.;4''W ll'W \illiJ 'V1 ~ ~ ft'W::: 'IJ !l ~ .ij' 1 ~ l'lffll ~ fl J 1 'W \)~ '111 fl

Vi'lltlj hn1um'Vl~'llJUl1:::~11.1.1'1u iim~mmrrti ~ .J.d 0 I I Ql d T <f dJ.

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'IJ'W'Vl'Wll'W 1 'Wlll'Vl~'liJ!tl1:::~ ll.lfll'W 'I'Jflfll'WU\ilfl\ill~fl'W !JI.Il~IJ'W l.lfl'lflt)!'Vl Nfl'tl\ilm :::fill .05 l.lfl!'l'W

Ql !1.1 ' ""' 1:::f11J .05 vm'lum~mmrrm~mu

4. 'li'nl'lffll~fiJ~ii' ~nfl h ~t1vu 'll'W lfl.il ~ilu ii'Vl nrru::: .i!l1J n 1.11 mft!l ~fl' n n 'll !l~ ~ t .l , !1.1 91 ' Ql ' .<:t Ql 0 Ql ..,..,...,;_

fl'tll'WI'lfl'IJl'IJ'W'Vl'Wll'W 'Wfll'Vl~'l1Jt!l1:::~11.1fll'W'I'Jflfll'WU\ilfl\ill~fl'W!li.INIJWI.I!Ylflt)!'Vll~!Ytl\ii'Vl

~:::l'i1J .05 53

' Ql .::::t 31 ""' 1 di. 'jl r o !l.l&t <j ~:::'1111~fl~ um~vu flm'I111Ul1:::1Jfll11m 'Wfl'mwrrmn Ul1'lf1'~fll1\il!lll11mf1'fl'll!l~1Jfll11m tfll.l

q,j <u ~ 'U 'I

'thm 'liJ ~~iiB'Vlll'Vll1 .1 !lfll~U Bill\~ l'W 'll !l~1Jfll11m 1 fl'm w flnm

2. tl~~th:::mnmntnfllfttl~~m1 lw tltll'Wftfl'ln

t'Vl!Ul1UIJ'W (Tableman) fl~l'lg~!l~flU~:::fl!l1Jm~l.llfllft 1 ~ ~t1vu11 1 Ht1 vuu~:::fl!l1J.I'11.1

~~U'lflii'BIJ'Vll~ff~fiiJUl1:::'Vll~flll.llll'Vl (physical and social environment) '11l111.1l1'fl'IJtu:::l'i~d I) .l'u1rl'tm:::~~~U~lfl~llli.I'W!lfl (appearance and physical plan) 2) fi111JffiJ~'Wn1uM:u

mu::: (faculty relaions) 3)m~uBi!IJ~'Wnnml'n~I.I'W (student interaction) 4) 1111:::~'111 Ul1:::nn

flflff'W1~ (leadership/decision making) 5) ~~U1flii'!JIJ~I~I.I1fl1J1Uv (disciplined environment)

S3o .<:t di. <I di. ~,l Bl'W'll.l ft~B11li, "fl11ftfl'IJ1m ~ Vlfllft!l~flfl11'1J!l~f1'tll'W ftfl'IJl'IJ'W 'Vl'WllW \ii11J'V1~1ft'W:::

'll!l~'li'l~l'lfm~m1wli~M1f1Vi'llw 1lln." (1'Vlmil'Vlwnmrrlf1'\ilf1Jmtl'won\il'll'won\ii1'Vlvll1v . ' '

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34

6) !Ylll'l'lU1~!1'!llJfll'i~~'Wf (learning environment) 7) Yli'f'Wfl~Uf1~11)1J'Wli'i'ilJ (attitude and

culture) Uf1~ 8) f111lJfflJ'W'Wn'UlN'I[lJ'If'Wrl'U h~~~'W (school-community relations) 54

1:htii~~ 1f11mrr hi'fimnm; ~1fl11'f h ~~1~'W~ft~Nf1~!lf111lJ~fl'W'W'UlNflJ h ~~1~'W _, ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ ) '

u'i~OlJflfl'l;l1 ~~~!lll'f~'Vlf:)'l;l~ "f111lJ~!l~fll'iUf1~f111lJfl~~'W" (Need - Press Theory 'U~NUJ!J'i

t/ & Q.l Q Q oC\ I & 0 "-1 l'i ~ (Murray) 'll~'l'li)IJ'W 1lJ1~1flU'W 1fl~'U!l~!f11'W !lflfl!l'H 'W~ lJlfll'H'W fl!l~ flu'i~ fl!l'U'U !l~'U'i'i ~1flll'f

' "'' ~ ~ ' .. 'U!l~!l~flfll'j!)!Jfl!U'W 2 ~1'W !tit)! fl!l

I. 11~\l~~ilm; Nlifli'W 1 M'ilm;'WI)IJ'Wl (Development Press)tl'i~fl!lmh~lifl'I;IUI~~N'l

1 'W!l~flfll'i 5 .i'1'W Mmi

1.1 'U'i'iVlflli'f~ft~tlY'1lJfl11lJ!~'Wl~l'f'V11~1'1f1fll'i (Intellectual Climate) 'HlJ1~~~

!Yfll'l'l~1~ '1 1'WlY01'Wfffl'l;l1~'111~ft~tlY'1lJm'i~1flll'f'V11~1'1f1fll'i1'W'I'Jfl '1 .i'1'W t'li'W m1lJ'Vl¥!llJ

' ' ' 4 ""' 0 ..:!!! 'U!l~'!Jflf11fl'i lY!lfll'ilY!l'W Uf1~lY~!ll'W1~f111lJlY~~1fl!l'W '1

1.2 lJ1fl'i~1'Wf111lJ1:ht~~ (Achievement Standard) 'HlJl~~~ ~~~~}1 M!'~'Wl11Jflflf1 i.\'7 'lJ r111mhth 1 'W fll'i tl iJ 'U1! ~1'W t ~ !l~ ~ 1fl'!Jf1f1 f1 i .1'7 'lJ 11n ~ ~ 1 ~ Uf1 ~ tYi lJ 'Vlli ~ !l ~1~ t Vl ~ ~ 'l'l !l . ' . 'i1lJYl~7'UflJ1fl'i~1'W'U!l~~1'W~.\'!J~tlij'U1iYl~.\'1'WtnlJlUIUf1~fJU!fl1'Vl

Q.l ,di I <'!!! I .<::1

1.3 fll'ilY'W'UlY~'W (Supportiveness) 'HlJl~O~ f111lJ'If1~!'Hf1!lflN '1 'Vl'ljflmmm;~~

, .r7 'Ufl1lJ f111lJ.r !)~ fll'j 'j 1lJl'r~fl11lJrftfll1, .r7 'lJ f1111J! ~ 'W 1i 'j 'j lJ, 'W 111 'j u il 'U1i ~1'W _, Q Q ' ., ~

1.4 u'i~lY'V11iNf1'U!l~!l~flfll'i (Organizational Effectiveness) 'HlJl~O~ !Ylll'Vl !'W

lYOl'Wfffl'l;l1~'lf1~m~~'W i ~tlY'1lJ Uf1~t'e1mh'W1~ 1 M'm;tiij'U1i~1'W ll'~til~tl'i~ff'Vl~ Nf1 1~ ~ilm;

'"' """'"" «£ _I "i ~ t1 """""-1.5 'i~l'U~'U1'W~ (Orderliness) 'HlJ1~0~ 'iu!l'U'U tf1HlY'i1~'U!l~!l~flfll'i!!f1~11ifll'i • t~mit~ 1 M'til~m1lJilmli~'U1w~1 'W lYm'W i'Y11m 'i1mf~til~m'Vl'Vl~u~~

-'lf .., .d. ~~ Q.l 1 <::>. :J} :i1 ...s! 1 ~ 2. u~~~'Vllu'Wfl101~f111lJ!~'it)jfl11'H'W1 (Control Press) 'HlJl~O~ !Ylll'Vlfl1~ '1 !'W

!)~ f1' fll'i~'ll~'U11~, M'm 'j Vlflll'f'U !)~ fll'i i ~ tlY'1lJ lY~ 11 \)J ty 1 'j 1mr~ 'll~'U 11 ~ ili1 M ~ 1 'W m 'j lJ Nf1 ff1!~ ~

V'Wi.i'uri fll'if11'UfJlJ li'Uu~n'U Uf1~f1111J!.,J'm1~m~'IT'W~1~ '1 ~ilmmil'Wttl ~'W'IJflflf1il1t~mlY

i .1' U' !l~lJ1f155

54 Betty Tableman , School Climate and Learning, Best Practice Briefs 31 (December

2004) : 2-3 [Online] , Available from http:/outreach.msu.edulbpbriefs/issues/brief3l.pdf

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. . 11 mi fiVWtl'J 'Wll'l..l1'11 N n )jfj'llJi 'l'lll.im:mf fm )j 7 iJ~ .J~ij

"'l 'j/ .<:t I ,J I o' 1. &AHIY11~ (Structure) lJNll(;l!JlJ11fllfllff!l~Afl11 !'lf'W 'IJ'W1(;l'IJ!J~!l~Afl11 1~1J1Jfl11

0 "'l"'i ~.<:t t.d~~ 111 1 ?1 I"'\ I

'V1N1'W &(;lfl ! AHIY11~lJNllfl1~'V11J'Vl~'ll!U'W '111~fl11 Ull~ !li!U'W'Vll~fl11(;l!J'\'It](;l fl11lJ1~1111~1JAAll

ull:::'l'lq~m1lJ'II!l~'I'IUm1'W~&~fl1tlm1'W .r~J 'W ~u~ 1111 m1JJfll'i il1 :::li 1'W m1JJfl11 rfll V1'W 1 ~ ~ .I~ .I ~ ~ ~ ~d ~ .; ~ o o 4

~~(;la~u11J1UU1J1J &A1~ll''iN &11!1fi1J1!lfl ll'W !11ll(;lafl1:::1J1'Wfl11(;ll!'W'W~1'W •

2. A11lJa1J~'WUll~fl11lYU1JIY'Ij'W (Warmth and Support) m11Mm1mhlty'V11~~1'Wfl11

rio~~ IY~JJ\Yu u ll'lJ 'W 1 'W m11.l!)llii ~ 1'W 1M& i1 AA 11JJ au ~'W 1 'W !l ~ fi' m1 & ~a~~ "111 fill AA11lJfl~ 1ll ~ &~fl1tlm1'W ll~ hi' fl11lMr111lJll1fl'rur1um1lJ'lhflmiia ~!lml'l"W ~ ~m :::.l'"Wu 'i ~ ~~ 1 ~ N'u~1111 ~~

., q <u cu

mJ 1 ~ M ·:h A 11JJ.\' !l~ m1 'II a~u Am m 1 'W a~rf nn f1 am 1 fl 1m rrm1 '1'1 1 ~ 1'W ~ami 'W Ull::: nn 0 0 . . .

\Yuull''IJ'W ri'1'Wfl11ll~ 1mrn1-Mn"Wa~t!'W 1!!1'linn~ cv 'j/ =' ""'"" 9/q.d"" .,...,s""'.,j 1

3. A11lJ'IIAUfl~ (Conflict) !U'W A11'lf'W 1AA111J!'II1 & ~!flfl1fl1JiJ'i1fllJfl11!U 'Vl!flA'II'W 'i:::111N

'IJAAllU(;l n.i1~tl'W 11 ~ afl1 fl l 'W a~rlfll 'i~il11U1fl~ 1 'W U ~~.,j 'W rl'W a~ flfl11 ~:::.\'a~ !N;tytllJ A 11lJ.,j' A UV ~

ull:::un11ru111m1JJ.;Autl'~ 1 M'Vln~hfl'l'la 1 ~ flalJ1'ml'1fi!11(;1Nll u 0 0

4. A11lJ'II'1'VllfiUll~A11lJ1'1JNA'lfa1J (Challenge and Responsibility) &1'l"W11mifi~1-M1A

~1'W 11 ~ 'ii fl 'V1 N ~ 1'W A11lJ 'II' 1'Vll fl ~~ ~~ fl 1'11' !l~ 1 A fl m ~ .i !l fl1 'i Tii'JJ 'W 11 'W!~ !l~ U 1 ~ ~ ~ l ~ 'V11 ~ .\' 1 'W

A1UJlil&~ ~'lla~'\'IU rm'W u 1 ~ ~~ l ~'11Nfi'1'W A11lJlh~ ~ ~~1Jfl1'mn 1 -li, 'W1J11fl1fllff~ f1Vl.J1 M

'I'IU fNl'W ilm1l.J1'1J NA 'lfalJ 1 'W ~ 1 'W \1' ~ m 'i & viJJA 11l.l 1' uNA '!fa 1J 'II a~ 1J A All J 'W & 1'l 'W ~~ !l~ ~ !Y1fl'ty mnil

Nll 'Yh lMA11l.J ~~ j' flllfl~ A11l.J A cia~ .J' 1'11 !N fl ~l.J Ull~ fl11iJ !)u1J ~ 1'W 'II a~fl~ lJ \]' ~ ~'W ~~ ~ ~ d ~ ~·d ~

5. fl11 !'1111~1llUll:::fl11ll~ &'VllJ fl11!11'WA11J!!ll::: &lJ!11'WA1fl (Reward and punislunent

approval and disapproval) ! l'l'W 11 ~ 'ii filA m11' 1J ~ u !1 ~1M A11lJ lf1 f1 ru.i !lll'm 'W fl11 w 'II a~ mnh~ 1 'W • u

fllfl 1 'W ll'm'\'lu 1A !I' aJJ ~ 1 '11' A11lJ !f1fl' ty.i arm 1 '11' 11~ 1m& 'V1 'W ~ ~ ~ 1 -Millll ~ 1 'VllJ ~am::: & l'l"W ill~

ss,. d

<11!'Wfl~

il1 ~lllJ fffllJ 1 ff ~ n A lf1 u fl ~ 1'W fll'l iJ 'l ~ lllJfffllJ 1 'ii~ 11lA 'W A 1ill! lJ "(i'Vl fl 1iJ 'VI 'W tf m tyty 1lJ 111'11' Ill~(;]

mA1'lf11J~111'lfll'lfffllJ1 'lfw ~(;11'Vlfl11l'fl l.l1111'1'w11l'flffllil1m, 2542),12.

สำนกหอ


36

'"" di!a~""' ~ od.<:>.,j ""j) "i' ?I"' 11 1J!l:UmH<I~ll1lJ~11Jfl1J'I'l(j\11m1:UM 1!lf111m~'Yil'Vllfl~'IJlJ \11HfllJ 'IJl:U f111 <I~ ! 'Vl'IJ!UlJ llt)J\jjltll

~nfffl~ 1 Mrilu g~rm 1!JtJ!l:Ui'1l

6.l.ll\111i llJ 'IJ !l~ 1'1<1 f111 uij ml~ llJ U <I ~fi11:Ufllf!M l.I11J (Performance Standards and

Expectations) t \'lu if~ li 1Jlfl 1'111 :U f\1 fl t t <I~ fl11 f 1J f ~~ 1J 1 rl 1J 1'111 :U !Yl rl 'Jj'IJ !l ~ H <I fl11 U ij ml ~ llJ H <I~

fi11:U 'lffl t ~ lJ 'IJ !l ~ 'IJ !l~ 1'111 :U I'll~ M lJl tJ~ t ~ tJ 1 rl 1J 1'1<1 f111 U i)ll''~ ~ llJ fll1J llJ !l ~ f1' f111 'V1 (] 'IJ ~ ~ llfl' 1 tJ

m ~~~ 1 ~'Vll~fl'lumlmh~ ~J~M <lltJtTlJ t1'1lJH~\Jflff11~~lJ ~lflfi11:UtlfltMlJ 1uti!l~fl1l:W1h~ ~~ ff':u~u nn1lml1l1illJH<I~!lln ~fll~Mmv M -i1 1~ ill'll !l~:u 1\111 illJ ~rilMlJ~ ~um 1 .. tJ'I'lU m1u

~ d c.~o Gt V od il t!l~lJ lJ ~~~ UlJ \111f11MlJ fill 1 ~ ~~ ! ~ 'Vll ~ flllJ fl11:U fflt 1 ~'IJ !l~'l'l1fH 'IJl\111()

' ' . """ Ql Ql """ Ql .<::1"'!1 'jl

7. fi11:UifftJ~fltJII<I~flln1Jfl11:WifftJ~fltJ (Risk and risk taking) 1Jflfl<I'Vl:Ufl11:U\11!l~f111 ' . .

m1mh1h tT ~ 'l1!l1lVi ~~ 1l!l:wi'1lfl11:w llYtJ~!ltJu1u n<11~ iu m1i"' !ru 1 ~ .r~ 'IT u 11n v1mff'll !l~

!l ~ f1' m1 ~ v !l :u 1 Mii n n 1J !l :u f 11 m1 :u 1 ~ v~ il v u llJ n <1 N J u ~ ~ 1 \'lu ~ ~ m ~ ~ u m1 :u Iii' !l ~ 1111 'YI1 ~ .1' llJ

ml:Uffli~~'IJ!l~'l'lu n~1u M 1 lJ'IJW~~m1 mmff~ 1 Mml:wrllrl''JjnlJ 1'V1N'IJ !l~m1l'l!l~null11w~ t u

f111AflfflJ 1 ~nli'11'i!l:u~~ri!l1 M tflflfl11:U 1!! ff:UM1~ u <l~fl11:U V!llJH !l'IJ !l~fi11:U.i'!l~f111'Yil~fl' llJ

fl11:Uffll~ ~ 1.1'

f1111fl1l1'1l'!l~rlm~M-il~rllJ'Il!l~m1mmff il~~l~ '1 ~::iiiiH<~m~'V11J~!lf111~~ h t u

0 IIJ iA<:t I 'lJ """do<:!. 'jJ j) o d 'jl I 'jl Ql

nn'VlNllJ tfl~fl11 1 umru'Vl:Ufl11:W\11!l~fll1'Yil~mu ml:UffltH mM lfl1111l!l~f111 ~~'l'll'lllJl

""""" 'JJ Ql ' 'jl""' 91 d 'j/IIJ """" m1:w ff:U'I'llJ li'Yil~ flllJ m1 fflJ 11 fflJ u n <1 ~m1 :u !lll !llJ n mt 'IJ 1:w m1 :u \11 !l~ m1 'V1 ~ ~ 1 'IJ 1 1 u mm u flll

' ' . ' ' .

.<!!!, 9J I ""' ~I .::t Gt 'j/.<:>, ""' I .-!I 1Jflfl<l !llJ H<l ~ m111fl11:Ufl11:Uu1 n tllJ 1 'V1 ~~mll~:U n u 1'Vl N'll !l~f111 1 'l!!l'Vlli'l'l <1 \11 !l1J fl fl <1 !llJ 1 'IJ 1 ~ ~

.<::!. !iJ 'jl 0 56 .1 t/ Ql <>' IJ)'j/ I ~ :wfl1l:U\11!l~m1m~"'lu mu1 u !ln~1nu u1~ nffu :u m1 11llJ fffJ<~ tfln<~l1tl~ffmum'l'l 'IJ!l~

' ~ ~' ' ,I ~ ' ~ ~ ~I ' ' ~ ' ,; !l~flf111 !111 B~flf111u1~fl!l1J\1111J!l~flfll1H<I~fl<l !fl (Organ) !llJtulJMlJ11J1J!l1JflltJ tlJ!l~flf111'Vl

,j ~ 1J !l flg ~M U 1~ f111:U f 1J ~ \11 'l1tl 1J 'IJ !l ~ !l ~ f1' f111 1 U ~ lJ g ~ ti'h M l.lltJ l M ttl 'IJ B~ !l ~ f1' f111 ~ 111111 mi' W fl tJ " . '

Ql.c:So!!! ""'"" Ql o' """"' ..., _I " "'1 ~I fllJflfl!l1ff1J'Vl!'llJ (Vision) 'l'llJlifl~ (Mission) 111l!Ju1~ff~fl (Objective) M1!llu1Ml.JltJ (Goal)

56""' """"' ""' " ""'a>td ""'"" " 'l'lfl'l'l1'l!~l~lJ, m.JI1lm1:U!l~flf111. 'l'l:U'I'lm~'Vl 1. (flJ~t'Vl'l'l"' : m'IJ'V111:U!YlfflJ(l977)

lllrl~ 2547),318-320.

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37

!H t]' fll:illlJli'Jtl~ ; 'tlu UUfll:i; 1l.J9hl'W 'IJ !l ~ U 1111 01\Jl'W TW lJ 1 fll ,j' ll.J 1-i 1lJ jj !l tl 'W '111~ 1 'W ~ 'llu o!J!l 'W \llll.J . ' ;:aUI'JUUUUUH'U'IJ!l~fl~t]'fll;~ 1~11~ 1-J' rvill1 MUnOIHOI1h~ ~\llllJf11llJI.i~l!lJlm~I'J1tl'Uflci11llli'J

' ' _I ' ~I 1 ~ "' o ' ~ ~ , Ji ~-I

ff11J !l~l1fll:i l1J'Ufl:i:::U1'Wfll:i 'W fll:i ~ll:i:::lUI'JUfllHll~ l'W :11lJfl'U'IJ!l~1JI111 Ol\il~Uiilff!l~I1'W 'IJ'U llJ

l ~ll1 MU n 011\il tl'tl; :::!'1 ~tl''IJ !l ~ !l~tl' fll:i ~ n 1'11 'W 111i'u01::: \ilfl u ff'W !l~l11llJ Ill' !l ~ f1 n 'IJ !l ~ ffl.J l~f11 'W ' '

 II) ~8 !l~l1fll:ill11'J U\ll'l'l~'Um:::U1'W 11i1i{)Uiil 'U !l~l1fll:i ~:::lil!l~lJfll:i~ll1:::lUI'JUUUUUH'Wfll:i1J {)Uiil l1

I ..t'J Q ""'AJJ' IIJ!ii..S Q.l '+J o' I ""' jlo 'JI""" "j d. Q.J

!'11'W fflJ'Wfl ~ll:i1JOilJ llll'rfl'hllfnll.JfflJ~ 'Wli:i:::l111~~'ll'lm :flJf;J'Wl'll!l~ f;JU:illl:i l :.- ~ l:i vu nu . . m:.-I'Jlflll'r'll!l~ h ~~ vu 11:.- :::t1lJffmn lY' ~tlll<hu fl~l'Wl 'lllil~uYim:.-i'Ymn~:.-:::u mrr1B~1i I'Jll'lllil 1

UOI:::l'IJ\ll 2 ~Ull

I. ~Ullll:i h ~~ I'J'WU ffll~~t]~flnlJ~UllJlfl UOI:::lrlll-ri~l:IW l~t]~flnlJ ~Ull~m li'J~l'W ~u11 ~u1m:.- 1:.-~~ I'J'WU!'IIl~~"~fmlJ~Ul~l'Willil:.-!Y'lJ'rl'ui'uOI:::~lllil~!Ymfu i'lJlfl . ., .

2. ~u1m:.- h~~I'Jmhu'hmHlmllJtllll~ll11m:.-I'Jlflll'r'll!l~ h~l1vu'tl:.-:::t1lJffmn !Y~tl'11 • • o ~ Ji d ~ "' ~I ' ffl\Jfl~l'Wl'IJ\ll~'U'I'lfll:ifffl'I;Jl~:i:::'Uml'r:i!liJ1i!Jll'IJ\il I UOI:::l'IJ\il 2 l1J'UU:i11'Jlflll'r'IJ!l~!l~l1fll:IUUU

' lUll fi ll'W '1l'N mn

3. ~q~m:.-lJ ~Ul'llfl~~u1m; h ~l1vuiJmllJ !YlJ'rl'u i'tl'um:.- I'Jlflll'r'll!l~ h ~l1vu iJ't11u ' . .

flOIN!ldl~iiui'Jrilfit]Jm~ffil~Yiniu .05 tllvYi~q~nnlJ~Ul'llfl~~u1vm h~~I'Jllll~ 2 ~1u ' "' ""' _I -1 1 "" IIJ 'JJ'JJ 59 .1 QJ

:11lJfl'U!l1iUli'Jf11llJU1J:i1J:i1'W'IJ!l~U:i:ii'Jlflll'r'IJ!l~ lHl:ii'J'W lll1!li'JOI::: 16.60 lJ!lfl~lfllJ !l~Q:fl~:i

-~~~ '~ " ~A' 0 "'' ' flllJl\lli'J llll'lfl'>JlU:i:ii'Jlflll'r!l~l1fll:i lllfftll'WI'rfl'>Jl'IJlJ~lJ~llJ !lllflflllJ!l~'Ul'W ~U11 U:i:ii'Jlflll'r

ll~tl'm:.-1u h~~vuwlu'tl:.-:::'lfl!J'ilrr h~l1vuffl'l1rr1wlu u01::: h ~l1vurr1ff1fft1'1'li'Jlm:.- l~uuuu

:i1Ulll'Wl~ 1hu h~~I'JlJU!lff1f11'1'11Jllll:i l~lJUUU!'IU'I'lff'WlJ ~lflfll:.-1ltm:::'fl' 3 h ~~I'J'W~lJ

m:.-mmrr!l~tl'nm~uuum1Ulll'Wl~ ~u11 iiun mmrr~~u1m:.-u1mHllJ llli'JlJ~t]~flnlJ 1u

57 _I o.<:S"" d. l!:Jfl~l1fll:i. ~lJ~I1H'I'l l.(f11~l'l'l~"1 :1i:i:::WOilJUOI::: l'lH'I'lfl'lf,2448),4.

59 ..s "" _j.r ~ Q.l QJ " ' "" !II 0 jJ "" i d.

fflJ'Wfl ~\ll:i1JOil.J, "fll:il'lfl'>JlfnllJ!'Il.J~lJ1i:i:::l11N~t]\ilfl:i1l.Jf;jlll'IJ!l~f;jU:illl:i lHl:ii'JlJ . ' tl'uunmmff'IJ!l~ h ~l1uu'tl:.-:::t1lJfffl'>ll !Y~nllrilun~llll'lllil~ll Yinnfffl'>l 1~:.-:::u mrr1lli'J1i!Jll'llll 1

' .... "" a' Q.l "" QJ "" = QJ "" Q.l QJ .::!

UOI:::l'IJ\ll 2." (1'1'11'Jl'W~lJ1il111'rl!'l\il:ilJl11UW"''l\il UW"''llil1'1'li'JlOII'JlJl111'1'li'Jl!W1l'lffl~:i:::'WI111'!:i

!l~li IJl ,2548 ),33.

สำนกหอ


38

ii~11uuli~l'l<l~lll ~~ff~l'l<~1 'lfur~mm·vh~lllli'lll~flllJfhrl' ~ ur~mmiim~::;~llllJ 111 fi~'IIWtfl11lJ! ' ' '

1uill~1-N~m'VIfllll l<~v1unm1flill~ijvunmrvu"' "I~ ~' '·I ' 9 "' "I ~ ff1u tfl11 !l~flu~::;fl!JU'II!l~m~ lllillfl!l~flill~ 1 lJ ff!11llflmllu~::;fl!lUfl11l

11 ~ 11v~ 11 ~ l'l<l ~ !lill~'rl' 9lJll 1 11 ~ 11v~ 11 ~ l'l<lfi' lll ill~ ri 1~fl11lJI ~~ 'lJ ~~~ll v Qflut'l '1 ~ nn lJ 'II !l~ '!Jfl<llm 1u v~ tf 11 n J u l!l~

•.1 ' ~ .. ~ . .1 ' 3. IN fltn::; fltlUU 1 'UJ 1 1111'1 tHfl 1111 ! 'II tl<ll'l! 1'1 ill! Ul UJ!l 'II 1 flfi'Utl~l"' tl fl'lllll:l::; fl w::;

vltlfl'li' !!<l::;mu::; (Fox and others) 'lr~1'1ftllJ1f111lJflfl':h ill~'iii~l~Wrilff!11llffml11fl

iim~ millfl~~'ll~!l iliJu r~ if~'~ lfl!l~tfu~::;nvu'llv~m~ v1illft 8 .1' 1u fiv mlllvv:u1ut1uov • m1:u '11'11~ 1 ~ ill~ii'II1'!JtP nniil !lillff1llillnh~ 1u m1:u 1~u lflm~1'1flill1ll<l ::;ff' ~fl:umh~

I ..;. 4 0 "' ~I"' ~I & .I. I "' & I "-' fl !Jill !l~ ill'i l'lll flill<l ~ ill~ u~ Uu7 ~ ff!11ll flillll II <I::; f\11lJI!l!l !llm fl !lilll 'II~~~ fl <I::; !l~ flu~::; il!l U

• ihlv<~::;tvvfl~~~!l '!till

1. ml:Uil!lll 1 u t1 uov Ufl mm 'VI 11 fill 1u ff!11ll timmm ii rm:u ri1n 1 w1'1m~ 1 \'1 u m1 fl <1 ~ q q cu q

• • iiti1 ill !lillffi.i'1uml:u¥11<l::;llfffl~fl1lllflflliluVillflil~Nnll 'll~~u~·rm m ll<l::;u m1vu 1u • • • ff!11ll ffillll '1 .i'1uill~ vv:u 1 uti UO!lfllll ff:u m~ llfl;i lll::;

~u~m~ff!11llffmn fiv '!Jflfl<l~ M1ull'llll~fllllil!J'Illllll l'lft\'Ju ~1111u illHlll iiu ~ lll ~ .;. Gt ~ "' ~I cld 0 lrJ ~ ~I d Q.l <=i I ~ """ ?I ~d.<::t

'll!l~ff!11llrrillll l'VW m ~lll m~ l)1f1Qu~::;ff ~fi'VIill'llll fl 11 lu ll'VI'VI~ 1Uflll fl1lr;Jm 'Ill~ lull r;j'VIll

""" """ I !11.-£ 4 ""' """ 'j)! "'!! t G !lid., I D ~ !l'VI'6'Vi<lfl !lfl11ll ~ ffilll ilflflll <1 ::;'Vit]fl il ~ ~ll'll !l~ r;J~ 1ll ~ lll !lil'VI ~lUll r;J 'VIll u 'VI u 1 'VI fl !l fl11ll ffll ~ ~ 11 <1::;

~ • ~ .I .J, ~ ~ 9 .,; • 9 ~ ~ fl11lJ <llJ I'll <11'11 !JH lll U'VI Ul'VI fflfl 'lJ u ~::; il n 'llll ~'II !l ~ r;J U ~ 'll n ! lJ flU 'VI~::; 'V\1 ! 'll ~ lll I il fl

-I""""" -<=1-1"""""" d~ 'il "'"'""'Gi:V""",;HGJ & u~::;ff'V\'61'l<lll<l::;:Uu~::;ff'V\'6i11'Vi ilfl!lill~ff~l~fl11lJIJ!llJ1UlJU<l!l ! 'lllilfl'lllJ ! lJ ff!11ll flillll fl11lJ

vv:u1u..r uBm\'Ju 11 ~ 11v.i'1u ff' ~ r~:u :u1-1lJ tl'1u ffttlu tinlJ, lJlilJ V'I'Jflflll .i'v~m~ 1 ,r ~tu vv:u 1 u 1u

fl11llj' fl11lJ ffllll~ <I 'II !l~fllll!l~

luff' ~flll'll!l~ffmllffillJl Ufl<llf1'i'VIflihv fl<l!lfl~llufli1vu ~.l'v~ill~fl11lJIJ!l:U1u t1 u ' '

ov ~lilflll tu ~u ~'Ill~ 1 \'Ju 'IJ flfl<l ~ ri1fi '!Jt~~ ~::; lllffl ~'Vi'!~ 11 ~ ~ lJ 1 'If fl~ 1 u lfttlll ffillJ lll!llJ 1 u t1 u B v . '

ll!lil ~ lilU fl11lllltlll 1 u t1 uo !ln'll iNfl ~ f1 u m m nu t1 m1vull <1::; t1 m1vu .i'1vnu l!l ~ ~~ \'1 u !+ ~ • • • 0 CV ..;, lJ] :i/GI Ql <V <!!~. !1/ I "'!~ G) d _1 .... """"" G) 'j} O d

fflfi'!J l'Vi~l::;l:U!l'I'Jflflll !fi~Uill~IJ!llJ1UlJUtl!lll<l11J!llJlJII ~ ~ ~~ ! ~'V\~::;u{)Ufl~lll'll !l~flll mlfll ~ ~

uvm'llii v ~1flfl11lJtJ!l:u1ut1 uov~ ~::;.l'v~ ff¥ 1~ 1 'Ifill u ff!11llffillJ 1~1\'Ju ~ ~ri1fiwtmiut~v1nu •

60"' " " 4 ~.: 0 """' !l~\1 ~l'Vi'i !lllllflll , "m~tJlillfl!l~fliln 1 lllf!11llflillJ1'1fll'Vill;illl !lllfl!llll!l~ll lll"

(ill~ tl' u r~i111 uu illY~::; fffllJ 1 fllfffl ~:U'Ill'liw oVifl -J w oVi fll'VItJ1l1'tJ:u'll11'VIvll1' m ;v~ 1 'llli ,2548 ),45.

สำนกหอ


39

i y '"' ..., ..., .<!!!. ~-I "" "" <!:!. ~ .6J i ~~ l 'Vt~ 1~'111fl fl ~1J fll~ ~UlJ m'W 1J tlU ~lfli'IU f1 111 U ~'W f1l ~ ~'W 11 ~ U'lflJ'If'W llll1 1:1tll'W fffl 'El N::: fl ~ 1J fi11lJ . '

'111~m ~u11 ~ u 1:1'1! 1J1:1'ij u i u ~ 1u ~ N'l ~lfl'l[lJ'If'W ~ ~ ll'l u 11 ~ 11 mi1 !lty~ ~ ~'l'h hi' ~1J ~ '111 ~ 1:1mu tin 'Ell

. ~ .. i ~ -l <1"61 fill 'W 'W ~l'W'll u~1:1mu fffl'Ell fl m ~ lJ ~flu~~ 1:1 ~ n

m~~ '!Jfl <nm i~1'11m~ ~ulJ11l ~1n i u1:1mu tinmiim1lJ~'&n·:h.1'1w~ll'Ju '!Jflfl 11~ii ,;, ... y 'JJ c..dd ..... ~'J/C.. ,... ... lJ 1um1:1i~'lfm1m fl11lJ1:11lJ1~tl H1:1fl~fl11lJflflm'W'VIWilflfl1~fl'W ml'lml11~ m W1~'Wfll~~'W • • • i u 1:1tl 1u fffl'El1~H~ulJ11l'll'1l ~u~~nuu n ~ ilu 'lflJ 'lf'W N'u n m u~ i M m ~ 1:1u1J 1:1u u i ~ l'ln i M

' . ' & o """ d l~ ,I <

1:1tl 1'W fffl'El11:11lJ 11 tlflll u u ~1u 'll u~ 1:1tl 1'W fffl'Ell fi1J ~ ~ lJ ~flu~~ 1:1 ~ n

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Ju m~~1Jnn1m'Vln~1~i u1:1mutin'EJ1 i Mfl11lJlnww i u m1lJfin'll u~u~n~11nn ni Mlfi~~~~~nu ' ' '

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61 Fox and others,School Climate Improvement: A Challenge to the School Administrator.

(Englewood; Colorado: Phi Delta Kappa, 1973 ), 1-3.

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49

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m1ftf11l1 uillcillil1'Vlv1rl'v :wm1'Vlv1rl'vfi<1tl1m ,2549), 112.

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50

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fllV'Wflf1!111~ 3) tl111J~I1'1~ 73

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uiJ<Yllvru£ m1~tl~fl~fll1'11 74

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72 ~ _, ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 -"' tllJVl !lf111J1~t1Eij ," !I'W1'Vl1~fll1'1'1\llJ'W1m1V1fllf! ~ 1 ~!1 O'WlJ1iOlJI'!flEI1" (u1t)!t)!1

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73 (V .,! ""' .d "-1 o' G! ~ t -F-l'l'lJ(j'Vl1i 1-l'l'WlJ," fl~tlU1~flfllJU1101flli'!fl~tlfll1 ~'WI'l'tll'Wi'!f1EI1'1J'W"" " ( U1 \1J\1J1t111'!111'\ll1lJ

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UWci11ll1'1'1V1l1'V lJ'I111'Vlo1l1'Vff<1U1m ,2550).110.

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51

~lui.Oo~h~th::ml'l

l;jff (Moos) ~.l'f1rr~;~ l!~V1fl'Ul.m mrmY!Ym'W f1rnn hl'!lmh::!'l'li'l!Y'H i'iV!:U~I11J-~ 1 'W

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'U11V1111ff V~ftl111 75

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.. ~- .. .. ~~ 0

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m1:u~~'VlV 1 ~ 1unn'l'lN1'W!!ll::m1:U!fl1v~ 77

'Uf'l!n1 (Bauschka) '1'11nn1'1lvm1V1111M~finn 1uil~'IIV~I111ihhu11:u1u itl1um:u

Ql t/ ..;. ~ """ <!:!. .;. <!!, Ql ~ <f Ql .::1 I 1

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'IIV~m~11V 1u itl1!!f11:U~1ll'W1VH11V f1~:Ufl1vth~!\'Jum~nv'VlV1'U1ll 235 flU ~1f1l'I1V1<iv

!tl1!!tl (senior college)'IIU 1~f1lll'lll'l~ i' i! ~ n-H'!YNlll1111'11 V'Vl'U11 .1~ mh-.1' 11.J m 1 V1111ft'V~ftl111

,.l'urinn~~lliv~v-.rn 1111M1N1'll 1111flflffu1~i~m1 tm::~111 ull::!!H~~h !Y1:1J11(l

75 Rudolf H. Moos , Evaluating Educational Environments. (Palo Alto ,CA : Consulting

Psychologists Press, 1977), 17.

76 Christine Louise Jensen. "A Study of the Relationship Between Transformational

Leadership and School Climate." Dissertional Abstract International. 56, 9 (March 1996): 3394-A.

77 Betty Kratze Rasmussen. "Perception of School Climate, Job satisfaction, Stress, and

Their Relationship to Teacher Absenteeism." Dissertional: Abstract Intemational.59(1996):

3402-A.

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52

.... Ql D T ~ I ~ lrl_178 lJ'I111'1'11JliliJ tVlff ll\1H'HlN H<l~fll~<IU'Wil\~Hill 2 <IWIJ'W tlJ

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t~unmilJ11~~'lf1m tVlff n<~~ t~U'If1~ 1 um~'l'lfl<Yuum~Vlv1m 'I mn11JfflJiu£nuflw fiwm ' '

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m~ t~m1m 11J~1mfl~ u~iiuNASSP m11JYI~VleJ 1 ~ 1 u nn'l'i1~1'W'IIeJ~fl~VlUl1 fi111JfflJiu im~ •

<Yil~~~'HlNU111Jlf11ffh~~V'W fi111JY/~Vlell~l'Wfll~'l'i1~1'W'IIel~fl~ ll\11J tVlff H<l~t~U'lf1~ VlUl1 iJ

m11JIY'1Jiunnu 79

r-~<~m~11im~v1nuVlq~m ~lJ'IIeJ~~u1m~nuu~fim~ 1 u <Ymufimn ml1v~1u n<~~

u~finn lflvfimnm~.i'1um11Jlf1Jiun n<~~Vlq~nnlJ'IIU~ ~111 ~u1m~~ii.ium ~ enmffu~fim~ tm~i1n11~~'W~t~v1'1i'u~~~ vJun'll' tt<l~ mu~ (Fox and others) 1.i't<!'WeJtt'W1tlflt~V1tlUU11V1f11ff

u~finnH 8 .i'1u fiu fi11lJVUlJi'uuu~u (Rrespect) 11111JH11~1~ (Trust) m~ii'll1tyrh!1~1~

\!~ (High Morale) m~ii1um<Yl'Wfll>'l'i1~1'W (Opportunity for Input) fi111Jt~U llll'I'IN1'111fll~

H<l~ff~fllJuth~~Ut~U~ (Continuous Academic and Social Growth) f11HIUflfllll~l'Wf11n'h~1'W

(Cohesiveness) m~11i'u111~<Ymuffmll (School Renewal) 11111Jt'e'ium'l'l~.iunu (Caring)~ff~l'l<l

~ eJ f11 ~ 11 a u'1i ~ 1 'W, 'W B ~ fi f11~, 'fi'ii 11 ~ ~ ft'l'l ii fllVl ~ ~ n <If\~ l1 ~U1t ~ 'W 11 ~ li v fflfl ty, 'W f1 n i IIJJ 'W 1

u~fim~ ~<f ~ l'l<l 1 'fi' m ~ .1 1t iJ u ~ 1'W 'liB~ u~ firm u n <~11ll t111 ~~ <1 ~fi ' '

78 Gwen L. Bauschka , "The Predictive Effects of Organizational Climate Dimension

Participation in Faculty Development Programs," Dissertation Abstracts International 51. I (July

1990) : 52-A.

79 Allen Perston Brice , "The Relationship among School Climate,Teacher Jop

Satisfaction and Selected," Demographic Variables in Selected High Schools in South

Mississippi59,8 (September 1999):2787-A.

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53

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54

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56

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สำนกหอ


57

~ .. ' 1!11l.l'll1~'11!l~IVW1.111m1u

.J~~d........ o'Gj & 't.l <>IQI

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<>I <1~-o. 4" .Q .... "" 0 Ql .l .d & _, &

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v~fi'm1l1.1ff!l11.1ftf1ll1 8 ~11.1 ~1l.lll1.11fifl'll!l~vlvn'li' lll'l~fl\\1~ (Fox and others)

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สำนกหอ


58

2.1:1uumlJL~wJnum·wlmtYu~ti'rm hr<Ymufirnn s f1'1u ~r;llrv 'I.I'.W\lllmufmJ1 ~m • •

~lflU'W"Jfl11'1l<J~vJunoH' u<l::f1w:: (Fox and others) l11V'Il~'lllJ11lhl'urhmlJ'illu'Wfll'lllJ.l·mu1'11~ 8

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2. m11JH1H1~

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6. f111~'Wflfll<l~l'll'WV"JU'W'W

7. f111ufuu 1 ~ h~i1vu .l ' ~

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. ' . 84 a .., ~I 'j/ 'j/ ""' '"'"""

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"' & " & J.l ....... 0 ...

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u • •

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84 Rensis Likert, .The Human Organization, (New York: McGraw-Hill,l967), 74.

สำนกหอ


59

~'m ~t)tlqWl11111~ IHJU t~lllJ ~u 1J1 ~ff1 w 1W !1111 1~H' !!<l~ h1' lllll1lf'lli' ll~tlU!l W 1'1'1 Nfl11vll'll W 1

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'il1W1W 10 h~~fJW 30 f'IW

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twm11tf'I11~M''Il'v!.J<~ (1.0o•hrwwnn 1111onm~llo~ ~~rl .<:>." 'J} "iGt'JJ• .d 19)

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สำนกหอ


60

'IJ~~ffm'W tlfl'I;I1.Juvfu~1'W ff'~riflrlrw fl~1'WI'Il\ilvfu ~m~flfl'1;111h~t111ftfl'J;I1fl1'J!~'W1J11'1llil 3 1 ~ fhl.l'llill111'cl'llflWiil (X) IW~<hulrlu~I1J'W111\il~ j 1'W(S.D.) fd~umh ~-m lf!U 1 ~lfli.U 'li'nm1111'W fl

'"'""" """ """ <{ Q .::t .... .: fl111111111 U\i1111'1J~1JI 'IJ\11 'IJ~~fl111'1HlJ 11 W'IJfl i.U \11\1111111 U 1flfl 'IJ ~~11J ff\11 (Best) m 1 U'cl ~ I!W\11 \11 ~ 'W

'q .. lili ti1l.l'llill11w'llflW\il 4.50- 5.00 llff\11~11 m~mmft~~flfll"l t'Wffm'Wftfl'J;I1'1l'W'Vl'WiJ1'W . '

"' "' o "' a <=!. ~ _I "" ff~ flfl ff1 'W fl ~ 1 'W I'IJ\11 'Vl 'W 'VIfl1 ~ ftfl'J;111J~ ~ () 11ftfl '1;11

mty~'W1J1 l'll\11 3 ~~'lm~.i1JlJ1fl~l)'fl thll''lfill111l1'1Jflrn 3.5o- 4.49

' 'q ;! lili llfff\~11 m~Ulfllft~~flflU t'Wfftll'WrTfl'J;I1'1J'W'Vl'W~1U

Ql Q.l 0 ..., .I .d. "" -1 & ff~ fl f) ff1'W fl ~ 1 'W I'IJ\11 'Vl 'W 'VIfl1 ~ ftfl'J;I11J ~ ~ () 11ftfl'J;I1

mty~u1J1 I'IJ\11 3 v~1u;~.i1J111fl ' ~ ' ' q .. }j 1i

fl1ll'lfW111l1'1lflrnlil 2.50 - 3.49 llfff\~11 m~u1mft~~flfl1~ t'Wffm'Wftfl'J;I1'1l'W'Vl'Wl!1'W

Q.l ..., 0 ..., A d ~ _I & ff ~ fl f) ff1'W fl~ 1 'W I'IJ\11 'Vl 'W 'VI fl1 ~ rTfl 'J;I11J ~ ~ () 11ftfl'J;I1

""' '61 Q.l 'J} fl1W~U1J~ I'IJ\11 3 !JU t'W"l~f\1J'W!lU . ' .

·~~ ~ ' 'q ;! lili fl111'11W11W'Ilfllll\il 1.00- 1.49 llfff\~11 1JnU1fl1ft!l~flfl1~ t'Wfftll'WrTfl'J;I1'1J'W'VlUiJ1'W

.... ..., o ..., A d ...s -1 & ff ~ flfl ff1'W fl~1'WI 'IJ\11 'Vl 'W 'VIfll ~ ftfl'J;I11J ~ ~ () 11 ftfl'l;l1

mty~'W1J1 I'IJ\11 3 v~'lm~.i1Ju~u~!J'fl = <{ .... " .<:i ~.!1

3. m ~ 11fl ~ 1~ 1111 u 1'11 Nm ~'Vl\III'W 1m~ U1fl1ft!l~fl n n 'll ~~ fftl 1 u ftfl'I;I1'1J u 'Vl'W iJ1'W

QI<VOQ.I .ld .di -1 .di .::I Gj'J}""" .t.K ff~flflffl'Wm1'WI'IJ\il'Vl'W'VIfl11ftfl'l;ll1J~~tl11ftfl'J;I1fl1ty~'W1p I'IJ\11 3 1 'llfll~11m1~11tu~111 (content

analysis)

สำนกหอ


61

5I 5I ' 5I

m~11lvfli'~u ii1f111U'l~<r~ri'ri1mmu fiv 1) m'lmmffv~ri'm~'llv~<rmwfirnm!w • Ji ~ ~ • ~ Ji .; "' . I <1 d ·~ ~ ~ 'I'IW!lW ff~flflfflWmlWI'IIfl'I'IW'VlfllmflEilm~\1:Ufffll;Jlf111)j~W1J~ 1'\Jfl 3 Vg !W~~fllJ !fl 2) ~~

lim W llJ ~ ~ Vlfll ffV~ rl fl 17 'II V~ ff\11W fffll;Jl Jw ~WJll W if ~rl fl ffl U fl ~ lWI 'llfl~W ~ flll fffll;Jl

• U~~\1:Ufffll;Jlf111)j~W1J1l'llfl 3 h\'vtiN h fl~lJ\ll1Vtll~U'i~flVU.i1V h ~i1VWl WfftllWffflEil'll'W

A ..... Ql 0 ..... A .d. .<=5I _I ..,£ """ 0 "i ""'- ~ 'j)

'I'IWJllW ff~flflfflWmlWI'IIfl'I'IW'Vlfll~fffll;JllJ~~\1:Ufffll;Jlf111)j~W1J~ l'llfl 3 ~1W1W 70 !Hl~VWr:J !'11

'll'V\JCI h\'nfi ~1Jllll~ h~i1VW li'1W1W 70 fiW fln:Ufll~ff\11Wfffll;Jl li'1W1W 70 fiW llCl~fl~~ffVW

li'1w1w 70 fiW ~1:u 210 flwtfl~v~liv~'loN'lwnn11lv 1.1'nri nuurr:uml;JWIIUUiilm~<rfl~

(structured interview) IICI~ llllll ffVlltll:UlllllJ ffVll m:u (questionnaire) !YI'i9\ ~ l ;[ w nn1tm l~M

'll'v\JCI H~lil''IIOi:utCI'IIfiWfl (X)IIC!~!hwtrlv~tuwmfl'i JllW (S.D.) IIUC!ml:U'YI mm~m111 u tm Vllln VlJrllJlfl\U 'l'lfl l:Ull W 1fl fl '\IV~ Ill <r.l' (Best)

สำนกหอ


.. 'U'fl'fl 4

Ql o' ~ o t .1 ~ .£ i ""' & ~I ~ 1~iiU1:;ff~f\Hl1:;mJ1l'IJ!lfll\ll:U h1 f\H'W ~lflH 1J1J ff!l1J\ll:U'I'H ff'W 70 ~HI> V'W 'lf~u1:;fl!l1Jf\1V

' • ~u1'111><rmufimn~l'W1'W 70 fi'W fl~~l'W1'W 70 fi'Wnn:;.i1n'Vl'Wflrn:;nn:unn<rmufimm)u

.K 0 ~~~~Q,I Q.l 0 i""" 0

'Vi'Wjl'WU1'W1'W 70 fi'W ~f\11Jfl11~!l1Jfll11JH1J1Jff!l1J\ll:U~l'W1'W 70 ~HilV'W ~l'W1'W 210 fi'W

~ "' ~ .. 0 ~ o' ~ ·~ ~ ~ _, 0 flf\IU'W 1 !lOl1:; 100 "Jj~'W l:ul11f\11:;'111!l1:;1ff'W !l ~l1fl1111flll:;'l1 ~flO ~ 'lf~l1l~Ul :;f) !l1Jf\11Jl1 VlO

AI 'J) QJ.: u>:;fl!l1Jf\10 3 ~!l'Wfi~'W

~!l'W~ 1 <rm'Wfll'Vilhu.i1'1J!l~~hl''ll'vl;Jn

' Ql 'J) & IIJ 'J) ffill'Wfll'Viff1'W ~ 1'1J!l~ ';!~ !l1l n uu <rvum :u 'If~ ~ t1 Ulflfll> ~ !l1l n u u ff!l1lill:U 'll !l~

~111'111> h~i1vunn:;fl~~ff!l'W ~l'W1'W~~iu 210 fi'W 1WflViunrn1m:u I'Vift m~ ;:;.lu

flllffmn lll1nllu~ nn:;m~>l'lffll> i~>lon:t!iot11um>l~~ 1

62

สำนกหอ


63

" .. ' v " 'ill'ln'll ( fl'll ) " 'lltl'fl iHil'llill'Vttf1'111l11'11tl~ljllltltllltltll:rtltlfJ1~ 16!Jl:r::

1 I'Vtfl

1. 'lfl~ 86 40.96

2. ~

124 59.04 l1'1J~

"i1:U 210 100.00

2 tll!J • 1. ~lfr:h 30 11 40 19.05

2. 31-4011 95 45.24

3. 41-5011 38 18.10

4. 51 11 ~ultJ 37 17.61

"i1:U 210 100.00

3 ~ ..

lllllflTlflnlll

1. ~lfr-ilm'1J'1!llll1 38 18.10

2. m'1J'1J11l11 103 49.04

3. m'1J'1J1ll1 69 32.96

4. m'1J'1Jllllfl 0 0.00

"i1:U 210 100.00

4 P111111'1l ~ 11'1'hih uif\J11U u • 1. ~u1·rmh~~~'W 70 33.33

2. fl2 70 33.33

3. ..

fl"i"i:Ufll"i"fff:ll'WI'Iflll 1 70 33.33

"i1:U 210 100.00

5 ll1f,!11llfl11

1. 1-5 11 107 50.96

2. 6-1011 25 11.91

3. 11-1511 27 12.85

4. 16- 2o 11~u1u 51 24.28

"i1:U 210 100.00

สำนกหอ


64

"'' ~ ' ; ' .,., ~ "' ~ .,., tlltn6Vn~ 45.24 ~m~nnn1~l11N61~~1fl11 30 ll 40 flU flfHllU16Vn~ 19.05 61~ 41-50 ll

""'?I~ ' ~1° ""'~I~ ~ 38 flU flfltllU16vm: 18.10 m~mnm1 51 lJ 'il1U1U 37 flU flfltlJU16Vn~ 17.61 un~ IJ

1~iunnflrnmBruumi11J1fl~'fffl 103 flU fim\ju~ewn~ 49.04 16~n~mfim~.fmf>tyty1l'11 . . '

0 0 I~~ ~...,. "i ..:::! 0 Q ?I~ 'jJ 0

18.10 fi1H~1!!l1U~tlJUI-IU1l111 !Ht1VU'01U1U 70 flU flfltllU16V~~ 33.30 fi1N'ff6U'01U1U • • • ~,.,~ ;\ ~,.,~ ~

70 flU flfltlltn6V~~ 33.30 un~fi\U~fl111Jfl11ffmurrnm 70 flU flfltlltnewn~ 33.30 IJ61~

':'-I .d o ""' :'1 'il ""' 11'11fl11 I- 5 1J lJlfl'Vl'fffl '01U1U 107 flU flfltll'l-n6V~~ 50.96 16~~~lJliJ61V11'11fl11 16-20

' ' .,.,.ll ~-' ~ "'' ~ ~ .,., ~ "' ~ ll'IIU Ill 51 flU flfltll'l-n6Vn~ 24.28 IJ61~11'11fl11 11- 15 lJ 27 flU flfltll'l-ntWn~ 12.85 !In~

~~o ""':'l:ii D<>l

61~11'11fl11 6- 10 lJ '01U1U 25 flU flfltllU16Vn~ 11.91 l'l11JmfiU

. ' o u 4 ..:::~ ~I 4 ..:t iJl'I.!Ml'l.lt"'lfl'l't'l.l'l'lfll"dll"d~Otlflfl'lll fll'!Jil'I.I'IJ"d t"'lfl 3

'lJ ..,. " <>I o' .-:9 ~ ,l ~ ~ .... ! U fll11t fl11 ~ l11 ~ fl U'll6~ ff tll'VI U 11 V 1 fl1fl6 ~ fl fll1 '116 ~ ffU 1U ftfl 'll1'11 U 'VIU ~ 1 U U U I';! 1 '0 V

1tm1~Mtflv1~til:W'IIrnmn'llfiW~ (X) un~-;hw1iv~tuuml'l1~lu (S.D.) 'Olfl.1'16~1~ 210 flU

~ 0 i·' -te! ~ ' ~ ~ " .; 0 i ~ .. !!n1Ul lltll1VU!'I1VU~l1Jtfl\U'l'11~fiUfJ\Uf1l'VI~l!JttU1flfi'IJ6~tU'ff~ (Best) '11flll1Ufl 1 '11~'0~

• • • >11tilum11tml~M1~.1'u'll6~ffm'VIm1vlmft6~ri'm1'116~"<~muii'lnlll.,ruflu~1u 8 .1'1u i~i'i

สำนกหอ


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

1 u ff~ ~ ~ 1ll''lfiil lJm 'II f!W 111 <htu tiv~ l u u lJ 1111 'i lJ1'W'i~ fluff m'Vlll'l 'i mml'l o' & <>'<Vo<V ,ld.. & .Q

v~flfll'i'll!l~ffmul'lfl'l-ll ff ~fl~ff1Um1tu'lllll'VltJ'Vlfll'il'lfl'l-llfll'!J~U'LJ'i l'lllll 3

l~IJfll'Vl'i1lJ

'J} "' "" ~ ~1\J fll'i IJtllJ'iU tJ Utltl

~1um'iH11~1~

~1um'iii'111tJJn1<1'~ ,~t! ~

~ 1utm ij1 tlfllff1 tJ flWVl Nltl

'J} 'JJ 'JJ Q Q.l I I .<!:t ~1\J fi111J fll1'11 tJ 1'Vl N1'1f1 fll'i U<l~ ff ~ fl)JtJ Vl~\11 tJ l tJ tl~

~1u fll'i wil mh<l~ 1 u nmi mu

~ 1\J fll'j ufmJ 1 ~ '11 tJ 11J~ 1\J

'JJ ,X ' "" ~ 1 tJ ill 'j ltJ tJ tJl 'V1 'j Ill tJ f1 tJ

4.14

4.13

4.22

4.13

4.05

4.18

4.06

4.08

4.12

S.D.

0.54

0.68

0.72

0.66

0.66

0.61

0.69

0.65

0.59

65

)Jlfl

IJ1fl

)Jlfl

)Jlfl

)Jlfl

)Jlfl

IJ1fl

)Jlfl

ll1fl

...,;, T ,f ,di <VQ..OO<V A'.:::i ~1flllll'i1~'Vl 1 'VlU11 fffll'Vl1J'l'i Vlflll'l!l~flfll'i 'll!l~ffmu l'lfll;l 1 ff ~n~mum1ul '11\ll'VltJ 'V1

fll'ifff11;11fllt)J~m,j1l'lllll 31~vm'Vl'i11Jt~~1m~fl'umn ( x ~ 4.12 , S.D. ~ 0.59) lrlvi'i~m.u1 • •

l~m1v~1u 'VlU11v~1u'i~fl'umn '11~ 8 ~1u 1~oi1o~~1fllJ1f11ul!.:wfl'~i'l ~1Ufll'iii'111t]Jrh<l~h

t!~ (X= 4.22, S.D.= 0.72 l 'iV~<~~mtiv ~1Ufll'iNilmh<l~1umnh~1u Ci ~ 4.18,S.D. ~ 0.61 ) ' ' 'JJ .,., .,.,. 'JJ 'J} 'J} = "" ' ' .,.,. -

U!ltl'Vl<J'~fl!l ~1Ufi111Jfll1'11U1'Vlln'l11fll'il!Ol~ff~f1lJ!liJl~lllmtJ!l~ (X~ 4.05,S.D. ~ 0.66)

สำนกหอ


66

2 W:Yfl~thlT'llill:wt 01 'UflW fl thw rl v~ tll'U l.llfl ~ i 1m~.!' 11 <r fll'VI m ~ VlfllfHJ ~firm

fffll'Ufffl'I-JllY~flflfflUfHl'Ut'Ufl~'U~fmfffl'I;Jlf11ty~'U1j~ t'llfl 3 ~l'Ufll~VtJ:UfllUllgtJ n~70

' .. "

1J<;'UJlll11'10~fllll<;'IJ0~£l'Ol'lll'lfllll ~

'110 x S.D. 'l~~u

Jlluflmm~1uirlltie

vhu 1~fllrm ve:wf11 1 uwn:u1 ml:Uffll.ll~iltt<~~ 3.94 0.63 l.llfl • I

' v ~ fll~VflV!l~~lfl~lJ~Ml~

' Vd ~1 l ~ ' ~ 4.34 0.72 l.llfl '111\nffflfllflll:U ~ 'Ufll~l 'Uff1'UM'U~'IJ!l~

2 • • .. <rmufl'mn

3 vilut~wilm 1 u <rmunmn'lltJ~viluvtJ:wfll 1 u • 4.13 0.72 l.llfl

v ~ ~

fl11:U~ fl11:Uffll.ll~il'IJ!l~fl'UHOI~fl'U

4 vil'U MfllflWihvtM~tJ <l'Ullffl.J'U m~.rfln ~m~:u 4.12 0.63 l.llfl

~lfl~UflmtJ~tt<l~'l[:W'lllJ

'l[:W'li'U 1 M'm~ vtJ:wfll i 'U~lum~.rflm~ i:ivu fll1 4.19 0.61 l.llfl 5

fftl'U 'Utl ~ ffflllJ fffllll

.. 1~ 4.14 0.54 ~lfl

~lflfll~H~ 2 ~l'Wflnvv:wflll1'1lgtJ Vlll111flvm'VI~1:w miiu~~.t'llmfl ( x ~ 4.14, • ..;., """' ?I 'J) I '9 "' 'J) ,.. ' 'J).dl """9 9

S.D.~ 0.54) I:UtJVI~l~\Ullll\nlV'Iltl V11J11 !JQ !\n~fllll.llfl'I'Jfl'U!l !f!VVIllJ~ffflfllfllJ:U ~~ !'U

~I ' ~ ,. - "' ~ V fll11ll'Uff1'UM'U~'Iltl~fffll'Uf1'fllll (X~ 4.34, S.D.~ 0.72) ~tl~Ml.llfl!l 'l[:W'lllJ !Mfll~Vtl:U

fll1'W~l'Wfln,Jflm~i:ivum~<rt~lJ'UtJ~<rmunmn ( x ~ 4.19, S.D.~ 0.61) tt<~~viluMfll "' 9 'J) ' 31 """ -m~vv:um !'Ufl1lm ml:Uffll.ll~iltt<~~m~vflvtJ~~lflNmMn (X~ 3.94, S.D.~ 0.63) • •

สำนกหอ


\11111~ ll 3 H l'!~~.J 1V'l5Dlll l<l'll f1 ru ~ ff1'\.H1J vmJ'W m ~ 1 jjl'W1 ~ill!'! fll'Vi 1111 Vlfll i'fll ~ fi f111 '\Ill~

m:nui1mn ft'~n~riltl'n~l'WI'll~~u~rmi1m-nmw~u1l1l'lllll 3 .i'l'Wf1111i'1N1~ . '

6

7

8

9

10

' "' 1J11Ulfllftll~flf111'llll~l'!Ul'Wftfl~l

~l'Wm1l'l·m1'il

'Vi l'W n f1111U ~llJ 'W 1 'W f111 11 ~ tM ~ l'W '\Ill~ l'!lJ l~m ~ ll 'W

·hll~l'W

" l~lJf11llJ!'!llJ11t:l

II 'l'il'WI~ll-hnn11~1JA~l'W'llll~f1J H<l~f1111J~Vm~l'W'llll~

~1J~lmiimlll 111~~11.'!

11l.J

X S.D.

4.04 0.80 mn

4.16 0.80 mn

4.13 0.83 mn

4.12 0.66 mn

4.21 0.82 lJlfl

4.13 0.68 l.Jlfl

67

~lflllll1N~ 31>1'l'Wf1111i'1l~h 'Vil.rll1~Vfll'Vi11ll llQ1'W1~i1Jmn (X~ 4.13, S.D.~ 0.68)

1rlllil~nw 11tlmlt!'u'll 'Villll ll~1 'W 1~.1'1JlJlfl'f'Jfl'll'll 1~~'1'il'Wl ~ll1lnn11~1l1i~l'W'llll~f1~ H<l~f111

1J~l11Hl'W'llll~~1J~vmiimTIJ 111~~11.'! ( x ~ 4.21, S.D.~ 0.82) 1e~;;,~mfie 'l'iluiimllll~eJu

1unn11n1J1i~l'W'llll~ffm:j)m~ll'W~1ml'W c x ~ 4.16 ,S.D.~ o.8o) H<l~'l'ilu~iln11~~1lmu1u "' . . l'!mui1mmtluMI~'Vill'!llJ11t:ltnmnlftym.iwl ( x ~4.04, S.D.~ 0.80)

สำนกหอ


68

.d IQI""' ..,.,.d, Ql ~ 911~ WVl 4 H 'Ml~flllJ 'lfilJlJ!ll 'UflW ~ l'I1'W! U~~! U 'W lll~ ~ Jl1 'W 'i'~ f1U1:Yfll'W Un ~1fl1 f'!!J ~ f1 fl1 'i' 'UlN

mnuiimn if~nfl~hurmut'U~~u~rmiimnmru~uu1 t'U~ 3 .1'1um;ii'U'lrurh!l~hl'l~ ., <I .. q,l

' .. U'i'itllnlft0~flnl'i'UlHtl'Ol\lftflll1

S.D. ~1'Wm'iil'Ul'tynul'~11l\)'~

12 4.29 0.77 lllf1

13 4.21 0.76 lllf1

14

~""' .::l I 4!7 J!QI Ql

1'-!U'i''l'll'i' !Ill~ fl'i' llfll~ 'lf1tJ! 1-Hl!J! f1 tlf1l1'lf ~ f1'W Hl1~ f1 'W • • • I Q d

lllf1 4.24 0.78

!J~1~!9llJ'Vl

jl""' ""'~<ll Ql Gj ~U'i"''ll'i'Hl'lfl~f111lJlJ'W 1 ~ ~Hl1~l'I'W Ul'l\1 'W ~ 'Wfll'i' 4.19 0.85 lllf1

15 lli)u11~1'W'U!l~vhu

16 4.16 0.77 lllf1

4.24 0.74 lllf1 17 .

'l'll'W

'i''Jll 4.22 0.72 lllfl

ll1f1m~1~~ 4 .1'1'Wfll~ii'll1tyrh!l~1IJ\j~'WUl1lf1Vfll'W~1ll!J~l'W~~.Jumf1 (X= 4.2 ,S.D. =

o.n)trl!JVi~1~W1t~'W~1~.,rll -wu11 tfl~vhu¥lff1~mtl1~1'-lf1vl'unmn11V~1'W'llllnhu (X= 4.29 • • ,S.D.= 0.77) ~!l~l1~mi'ill vhuflYf1fllfl!Jil11lnum1mht~ll1um~lli)llii~1'W'llllnhu (X= 4.24,

S.D.= 0.74) Hl1::vhuYJ~-w!l1~1'Wl'lfll'Wf1Utliju11~1'W~!~'Wll~1ulfll~,j'W (X= 4.16 ,S.D.= 0.74)

สำนกหอ


69

..; I<V~ ..,.,.:::!, Ql 4' l'lnN'I'l 5 llfflil~fi11J'llilllH\I'IIflilllil ff1W'IW~IU'W1J1111'i;!1'W'i:;I11Ufffl1'1'1U';1mfl1fltl~flfl1'i'lltl~

nmuiiimn ff'~nl'lrlrwrm'W!'IIIilyf'W~fmffrnnmty~'W\i~ 1'11111 3 .i'1'Wfl1'iii1mnnturm

rh~1u

' .. m'ltnmHe~flm'l'Utl~tromHil'lll v " S.D. 'Uti x ,~~u

~lUm'liTiemtr1unwrh~1U

vil'W jj 1 tlt11 ff, .i'u fflil ~ fi111J ff11J 1'i il t 'W tll'i uij llii ~ l'W 4.22 0.71 1Jlfl 18

' ~ d tiVNII'llJ'I'l

19 vi1'Wjjff1'W~11Jllfflil~fi111Jtll1lli1'W !1\l:;fll'i\llflff'W l ~ l 'W 4.18 0.66 1J1fl

1 fiHtll'ifflfltlJ'l 'lltl~fff.ll'W iiimn

20 vil'W "l.l'~uflmY ~~ff~ll ff'IJUff'lj'W l 'W fll'illfffl~tltlfl ~~ 4.12 0.71 1Jlfl

fi111Jtll1l~i~llhnh

vi 1u ~ilfli,., u 1t1~nn1u ~ 11J t u fll'i uii m; ~ 1u 'II tl~ 4.13 0.72 1Jlfl

ff 1.11 'W fffl 'Ill

22 ' 'j/,:9. ' ""' d ' ~ ..; .... 'l'll'W J fffl11fi111Jfll11 Ill 'W 'II tl~ 'l'll'W I 'W 'I'Wtlll'i U 11!1:;\]fl 4.03 0.74 1Jlfl

'111 "lui%! um>uiju1J~,u

':i11J 4.13 0.66 :IJlil

(X= 4.13, S.D.= 0.66) lrtt~fl~l'iillli\'J'W'ilV,j'tl 'I'IU111f1Vvil'Wn1tif11fflfi'ufff1~fi111Jff11Jl'iil iu

m>uiju11~1'Wtith~I~1J~ (X= 4.22, S.D.= 0.71 ) 'itl~~~~mfit~ vil'Wjjff1'W~11Jllfflil~m11ltlml1u u!l:;fllHil'llYuh'lu 1m~m>rl1fi'OJ'l 'llt~~nmuiiimn c x = 4.18, S.D.= o.66 J ull:;vhurilfl11 . . t1111ltll1lli1'W'IIti~vi1w\'Ju~vt11l~UIIll:;\]f1U1lUl%'!um'iUiju11~1'W (X= 4.03 ,S.D.= 0.74)

สำนกหอ


70

.& ..... "' ...s "" .K d & <=!. 'JI 'JI 'JI ffil1Wfff1~1 ff ~flfl "1Wm1W('IJfl'VlW'Vlf11'ifff1~ 1mru~wm ('IJ\11 3 fl1Wfi11lJf11111W 1'11N

u '

' .. 1111!Jlfllfftl~tlfll1'1ltl~tftll'Ufffl~1

~ " S.D. 'lltl l1 $1 11 .<::~, IV 1 I .d x 1~~u

1'Utl1Uifll111'Ul'JIH1'111fll111tl::tf~tltltlUHI'ltl!'Utl~

ri 1'W, .1'111 f111 mr lJ fflj 'W 1 ~ ( .,r 1 ~ 1lJ lllJ 1lJ fflJlJ 'W 1'111~ 4.12 0.74 lJ1f1 23

1'lf1f111ll~(fflJll •

24 ffill'W fffl~ 1'1Jll~ ri 1'W li'fllllJ 1lJ( :Jl~1'lf1f111 'l ~ fi lJ fl ~ u lllltl1 ~ 3.81 0.84 lJ1f1

25 fftll'W ffflm'll v~ ri1w fl w 1vmv 'l ~ m '11 flfl w 1 1lJ jj vfi w i I'll w 1 . ' 4.15 0.76 lJlfl

, 'JI-=:1 'JI "" .... lll'W Ill~ 11lJfJWfll'Vl '111~ fl1'W 1'lf1fl1111 <1:: ff ~fllJ

• 26 ri 1w M111 m ni ~ tff1lJ t ~il'll 'WllllW (tJnl ~.1'1w m1lJ j fi11lJ 4.02 0.73 lJlfl

"' ' rl ""' 'JI 1 1 "" ff1lJ11 tl'VlW lllll!11'Jfl11 wu<1:: m1m ~ 1t)J'111~ fl1W mfl w M

27 ri 1 w 1.1'111 m1 fftl' 11 fflJ w 1 ~fl rmlJfl' n11 tl' 11 w 11 tl' 1 ~ 4.16 0.70 lJlfl

28 ~u'1mni1m1lJj u<1::1'11mm11m.i'l m '1 .rl wm1ii'IIW1 4.04 0.84 lJ1fl

tlJ!l~(fflJll

11)1 4.05 0.66 tllfl

d " d1 9 • ' • 1' • ~ ~1Ml11N'Vl 6 fl1'Wf111lJ llfllff !'Wf111'111~1'W 'VllJ11 fl1'Wtl11lJT11111'W1'111~1'lf1f111(!<1::

ff~tllJmh~.im~v~ 1flllfll'Vl11lJ v~'lw1::.l'umfl ( x ~ 4.05 , S.D. ~ 0.66 ) (rlvYi~nw1(1'lm1v • '1 ·~·~ ~ 9"d •• , •d-'IJ!l 'VllJ11 flll'I11W lfl11Jf111ff'W11fflj'W tl1lJfi11lJfl1111W1 t'W11'W1'11 (X ~ 4.16 , S.D. ~ 0.70)

1ll ~ <1~ m fi v ffmu fffl~ 1 'll v ~ ri 1 w ij w 1vmv '1 ~ m '11 n fl w.; 1lJ jj v fi w il'll w 1111 w ( v~ t ~ij fl w m'Vl . ' ' 'JI Q "' - .& ' Ql ""'""'

'111~fl1'W1'lf1fl11l!<1::ff~fllJ (X~ 4.15, S.D.~ 0.76) 11<1::ff!.11Wfff1~1'1Jll~'l11mflllmlJ('lfn'lf1fl11

t~n11tlJullvflf~ < x ~ 3.81 , s.D. ~ o.84 l

สำนกหอ


1'11~1~~ 7 Ul'f~~rh:IY'I!Oi:Wtl:l'IJ~W\01 <hturlv~t1J'WlJll'l~i1'1n:::~1Jl'ffll'VIm~mmi'l!l~flfll~'ll!l~

!Ymuffmn ff'~il~rl1urH1'Wt'lll'lvfu~m~fffl111fllty~mf~ t'lll'l 3 1'1'1um~wwm1ll1~1u

flWI'h~1'U

29

30

31

' " ll11U101ft!l~ft011'1J!l~U01'Uft0111

Ji1'U011Niim'iui'~1unwrh~1'U

vh u ii wn:w ll u ~ lH rm:w ·:h:w )j !l 1 u m nl ~ 1J1l ~ 1 u 1 '11'

m~l:l11'lm.h:::l'f~ri'ti'lm:w1V'Il!l~l'fn1'Wfffl111 • •

• d ' fl'l1lJ l'f1t~ ~'IJ !)~ 'Vll'U

33 ·rhuiirm:wfi~1t~:Wl'f~Nl'fn fi'ul:l:::tll 1 uth:::~n.fH1 'U

m~ u~1J1l~ 1u 1 '!1'til~ u~::: lv'lltfmil'fmu fffl111

n=70

S.D.

4.29 0.61 lJlfl

4.18 0.84 lJ1fl

4.27 0.72 lJ1fl

4.13 0.71 lJlfl

4.10 0.69 lJlfl

4.13 0.69 lJlfl

4.18 0.61 tl10

71

~1fll'l1~N~ 7 ~1unniil!lm!'f1unnvh~1u 'V11J':h ~1'Ufll~Nilnrl1i~1umn'imu l~w

fll'l'l~'l:W Bg1un~1JlJ1fl (X= 4.18, S.D.= 0.61) trl!lYi~nW1t1'lm1v.,J'!l 'V11J':h l~vvhuiim1:w ~ d~ ~ ' "' ~ .I~~ ~ ~ ~ .I '~I <> -IJ'Ufl !l1fl'l1:w1'llJlJ!l !'Ufll~u!J1JI'l~1'U mm~!;j11'1Qu~:::l'f~fltu1l1lJlV'IJ!l~l'fm'Ui'lfl111(X = 4.29,

.:!1 1 ')I& I ..., _I ~ &. .:!1 o ~

S.D.= 0.61 ) ~!l~l:l~lJlfl!l mml'ffl'l1fll~m~l:l'll'lnu~:::l'f~fi'IJ!l~l'fmui'lfl111 fl!l fl'l1:Wl'f1t~~'IJ!l~ • • •

'li1u (X= 4.27, s.D. = o.1o3 ) uJ:~:::'Ii1uiim1:wfi~1t~:wl'f~1~l'f~~fi'tm:::tl11uu~:::~n.l1.rlum~

u~llii~1u1'11'tn~u~::: LIJ'I!tfunl'fm'Ufffl111 (X= 4.10 'S.D.= 0.69)

สำนกหอ


d '""""' ""''d Ql " l'll~WVl 8 UlYfl~flllJ'lf!lJlJ1ll'1J11WI'llY1'Wl1W~11J'WlJll'l~~l'W~::fl1JlYfll~UJ~Vlfllfi'U~11fl1~'1J!H

lYtn'Wflflln ff~tlflffl'WtNl'W1'1JI'lvl''W~fmffmmnty~'W1,(11'1ll'l 3 ~1'Wm~ui'mJ1~ mi11J~l'W

' .. ll' .fll'I'I'IJ 11Ul ill iHl ~1'1 il U'IJ tH ll'ill 'U i'l illll

~ 1u m1tl1'mJ 1 ~'H'Ihu ~ 1u

35

36 lYtn'Wffflli1'1Ju~vh'Wiinm1flvh 111~~m~il'iJ'Wl

ff() l'W fffllllU th~ lYJ11lYlJ U'Vl nl'J

37

38

39

' 'J) ""' "" 'J) q 'J) ""' ""' ""'d 'J) " Hm '11 n :u m~ m:: l'l'W 1 '1111 ~ 1flfl ml:JJ11fl ~ 1 ~:u lY~ 1 ~ !Yn 11 . ' . 1~m1111.Jl ;[ 'W m~ii'II'W llYtn'Wflmn

lYm'Wfffl'IJ1'1Ju~vh'Wiinnui'1lU1 ~ "l'll'iivl''W~:i:u~'W tl1u~ UlffiJ

40 mm~illl'W mm~ui)1l'~nn iiml:ulY::mfl lY::fl1fl ii

.l I Ql ""

1'11llJ1 'l'llJ l::lYlJ Ull:: lB Ul'l Ufll~ ~fl fll ~ 1 ~ V'W f1 11 lYU'W '1J U~ 11 ~

S.D.

4.03 0.74 lJlfl

4.18 0,69 lJlfl

4.12 0.72 lJlfl

3.93 0.79 lJlfl

4.16 0.83 lJlfl

3.97 0.82 lJlfl

4.06 0.69 'IJlil

72

~lf191111~~ 8 ~l'WfmiJ1umlYl'Wfl1Hll~l'W ~1r:h ~l'WfllHJi'1JUH'I1U1V~l'W tflll '

m~~1:u u~"lm::.1'1lmfl (X~ 4.06, S.D.~ 0.69) 1rlufl~mll11~mlv'll'u ~1liltfllllYtn'Wfff1'1Jl

'1JU~'Vll'Wiiflmlfll'htm~m~ii'IJ'WllYtll'Wfffl'IJlvth~lYJ11lYlJU'Vlf11J (X ~ 4.18 ,S.D. ~ 0.69 ) '

~U~ll~lJlflVlYtll'Wfffl'IJ1'1JU~'Vh'Wiinnui'1JUHlMiivf'W~:i:u~'WU1UVmffv (X~ 4.16 ,S.D.~ 0.83) ' .

(X= 3.93, S.D.~ 0.79)

สำนกหอ


73

d I '"" """ "'> I d Ql <f 111~ WVl 9 ll\HI~fi11J'IIIlJ1Hl1 'IJ fl \U Ill ff1lH l.WmJ1..1 IJ 1 \ll1l)1'U ~ ~ fi'IJ fffll'l'l'IJ n Vlfll!'ll'l~ fl fl1 ~ 'IJ l'l~

d Q.f Ql _,.S '"' .l d d .<::1 'j} .l I Q..l

ffm'W!'If11l1 ff ~flfl ~ 1'WfN1W'Illll'l'l'W'I'lm~!'lnll1mty~u\p l'lllll 3 t11um~ml'll'll'l'l~llll'lfl'U

n~70

' .. 'IJ11!Jlilll'll'l~i'lflWill'l~tHil'UI'Ifl'lll v ...

S.D. 'Ill) • x 1~\ll'IJ

l'll'U nmel'll'll'l11~l'ltl'U

41 vhu1M'nwth11mfil'l ffU'Uff\l'U l~l'l'Ufl~l'l~1~l~IJ~ 4.20 0.73 IJlfl

42 vi1u~11JUfffl~m11Jilu~i1 u tl'lmff-lu rl11lty'l n'Ul~Bu 4.19 0.67 IJlfl

.; i'I~Ul'l~'I.Jflfll'll'l'U

vl1'U ij ll'lfll ff, ~tl fi llii~ 1'U I! '1'1 'Ul~ l'l'U ~ 11J ~1'U ~ !)~ 4.00 0.75 IJlfl 43

' d iJ ~:::1111~fll~l~'IJ 111

vi1u Mi''Ufll~'lhm11fi!l 11'1 mn.J~tru !Jtlmru ~N'l 4.06 0.72 IJlfl 44

, i/cv ~ 11 fl'IJ l 'l'l !J'U fl ~

45 • tj/o o jlt ,., .,.j

m u 11 I'll u u ::: m m1 m 111J n 'IJ l 'l'l !l u m • • 4.06 0.69 IJ1fl

46 'j).,. ' 4 il ... ~ 4.01 0.98 f;I'U1lll~i'll'l11~Ul1 '11111!1-1!1!1 Ufl 'IJ'IJ!Jflfl'l'll'llfi'IJ!J~fl~ IJ1fl

111J 4.08 0.65 IJlfl

.d 'jJ .<::!i '! 0 I 'jl .l I Q.l i ~1fl\lll~1~'1'1 9 fi1'Ufll~IJ ~!Jfllff 'Ufll~'l'l1~1'U 'l'l'IJ11 fi1'Ufll~ll'l!J!J1'1'1~\llllfl'U ~fl11

fll'l'l~11J B~'lu~:::~'IJIJ1fl (X~ 4.08, S.D.~ 0.65) lrlBYi~uW1l1'lu:n11'1l'B 'l'l'IJ';h tfl11vl1'W1M'm~ ' .

I .<!I, Ql .!I I d .:::!. - .<!!, 1 I

'11111!1-1!1!1 ff'U'Uff\l'U l'l'l!l'Ufl~ll11Nl\l\IJ'I'l (X ~ 4.20 , S.D. ~ 0.73 ) ~!l~l1~1J1flll mm11Jllfffl~

fi111Jilu~'tu1Bmff1url11lty'l nu~!l'Ufl~Ul1:::'1.Jflfll1~'U (X~ 4.19, S.D.~ 0.67) ul1:::vi1un

1umff1~tlfi'U11~1'UU'I'l'Ul~l'l'U~11J~1'U~!l~~:::wh~nm~'Uil111 ( x ~ 4.00, S.D.~ 0.75)

สำนกหอ


74

d "" o' .tS ~.'f. o<o~ A'.d ~nl'U '11 3 U'U 1'111~ fll~'WI'JJ'U 1m~ V1fllft!l~ fifll~'ll !l~ fftll'U ftfl1J 1'11 'U '11 'Ul1'U ff1 'U fl~1W'II\11'11'U '11

fll~fffl1J11h:::t~lJfffl1J1fllty~Wl,i~ !'11111 3 </ .:i ~.K QCLI A'.d .S

~1fl1J ~ ~ V1fll ft!l~fifll ~'II !l~ fft11'U ftfl1J 1'11 'U '11 'Wl1'U ff1'U fl~1'U !'II 11l'W 'U '11 fl1 ~ftfl1J 1 • nl ~ Q ""'j/q O lr)j/QIQ QIQio<!:i

lJ~:::tllJrtfl1J1fllty~'U1J1 !'1101 3 011lJU'U1fi>l'IJ!l~f;!ln'1111~1!l'Ufl !Ol>l~'U fll~V!lmlJW'lJtl!l fi11lJ

H1Ni~ m~i'hd'tyul:l:::n111'~ 1~\T~ flninvmffi wmn!mw m~t~u t>~'V1Ni'lf1fllml:l:::ff'~filJ ' .

vd1~~mu!l~ m~I'IUfln111'~iwflwv'iN1W m~ll~ullHffmwflfl1J1 m1lltiivmm~m1w ~1fl •

'JJ""> "' o' & ~A' aJQio<>l A'.d f;!ll ~'111~ U 'U 1'11 N'WI'JJ 'U 1m 'W 1 fl1 ft!l~ fi f1l ~'II !l ~ fftll 'U ftfl1J 1 'II 'U VI 'U l1'U ff ~flO! \1'1 'U m 1 'U! 'II 01 'W 'U '11

fll~fffl1J1'll~:::t1lJfffl1J1fllty~'Ulj~ !'1101 3 •

m~V!llJ~utJuiiv N'u'1m~ ilfm1llfi>~tllui~ill) til>~t!lmffMN'llflmvwu'1m~1lliw • • Q ~ l ~ J .I ~ ~.1 ' ~ fl~m~lJ !'U H!~IJ'UlJlfl'IJ'U 2) fi1~1J~:::~lJfiW:::m~lJfll~fftll'Urtfl1J1Ui:l:::f;!1Jflf];!J~!JV1~'U !JV

t'Vl!llli:l::: 1 r1f~ 3) N'u'1m~ r1~ tm:::N'llflmv~m~ilm~~>~~!l'll1:::ff1m1w t~!lff~1~ff'm~wn~~ • • •

~m1w 4) mm~llm1llft~'V11il i w i'lf1;'W'II!l~>~wm~ 5) N'u'1m~m~ i lfm1lJ!fflJ!lfl1fiilllm'VlflfiW l

fi11llH1Ni~ N'u'1m~ llm1llfl>~!llwi~~ 1) N'u'1'11nm~til>~1vmffilfmMild1w • • • ~1lJ i wm~ Uff>J~fi11llfl>~!'ilwtm:::i>~ffW i ~ i w~1w~~u H>J'If!lll 2) N'u'1 '111~ m !tl:l:::N'llflm v~.rv~ • • • ~1J~~fi11lJfl>J!lJW'II!l~tl'UUi:l:::tl'U 3) Hll'1'111~ m Hllflm!l~ fi1Hll>JW1lfl~'UU1JlJ!ldN~~ 4) m

<u <u <u <u

m111~1'11ilft~wi1nwm~ ilm1wt'vmm ·rh~iv~vufli~vw ul:l:::t~wuuu!ldN~~ 5) ~u'1m~ m~ i lffl'1'1flll'JW ff¥1~'111tyul:l:::rh:1~ hurir1l U'fli'1vw~'l'l1m1ll~

• m~il'll 1tyul:l::: n1!1'~ h\1' ~ ~u'1 '111~ llm1llfl>l! llw .r~il 1 )m~ i>~ff1fffiflmti:l:::1J 1m~

i lfu ri fi:i u i:l::: 1J r1 mm v d1~ ~ !l! ~ v ~ ui:l::: 1 fflJ vm r1 2) m~ ff¥ 1~ r1 11lJ >~ ~::: '11 u flU ri r1 l i lfij r1 11lJ

fl1fltJiJhiwflnllfiu91m!1~ 3) ~u'1m~ fiJ ~'llflfi~!l~m~nfi~m~llff¥1~m1llff'm~wn t'liw

~1w1'w1~fl 1wmilll'W~:::'IIwll'W~~1J1Ull:::'ll~:::t'Wru~wl iml'!l~Bw 4) ~u'1'11111l'>~m~ n11w 1v

i o 61 <JJ"" 'JJ 9 ~I"""~ ""' .1 '1 9J fi11llff:::~nfl w fll1'111~1W 1 '11 flllfi;j f;!ff!lW ul:l:::!Jfii:llm 1 w m~ lJ [Ill 01~ 1w 5) m~lJ ll~:::~mm ~ ~ 1 '11

m11Jir~v~I'JJW 1i'II1;'W 6) ll>~ffm'Wt!1>~ll'vllul:l:::ff~1~m~ mmrrmv i w h ~!1vw i MtJ1v~u11:i vw •

t!lmffiwfln'l'lmw N'u'1'11n llm1llfl>~tllwi~il1) Mmllff1W~1lJiwflm1>~ffwi~ • • ul:l:::ff ~~ ff'1ll M m 1.1'1l i1u91~ 1w >J1llm 1ll¥tm:::m1lJ ff1m~ t1 2) <+ ~lff'1ll i M mild1w ~1lJ i w m~

J>lllJfl11'llfiu9i~1'U!ld1~!~'U~:::1JlJUi:l:::ll

1l ~ ::: ff'Vl ii fl1 'W

สำนกหอ


75

& Q(l.l 0 j.IQ qjl """d .... .: 3}<::> ...,..,

fl11NlJflfl1ll~"llJflWV\NllJ N'U1'f111 !Mrl11lJI'll'll'l1lJI'l~lJ 1) N'U1'f111 1'11 Hl:l~lJfl!1VlJ • • • 11lJOlJHffl'l~mllltll'llilu11lJnul'll'liYu "l ~'rl'\lllul h ~~ vu 11llnu 2) ri ~lff'1llmn'h~llJl~u fill fu

'll~mllJtll'llilu~~ntmn~nu 3) 'IJ.o'l'lmllJ'Ill'lml'~1~WJl~l'l~mv"lu h~l1vu 4) .01'lfi~m1lJff~lff'1lJ 'JI QIQ. 'JI .... Ql" ' j.IQ q!tol .r

fl11ff11~rl11lJffllJI'll'l 5) ff11~rl11lJfflJ'VIlJ1i1~1111~r;j'U11111 1'1~ !MlJlfl'IJ'IJ

m1 l.Jfmh ~ h ~l1 vu ~u'1m1 "l M' l'l11lJfil'llilu i~~ 1) ri ~l ff'1ll "l M'l'l~ h\'iim1lJf

rl11lJffllJ1111~1lJl'l11'llu 1niinn~u11llflnll"lmJ'l vd1~~m~v~ 2) "lM'I'l~nn~lJI'lmm Miiri1u11lJ

lum1'rl'\llllJl h~l1vu 3) ri~m'1mln~ffUUff~tJ'I11'VIVlm"lunn'rl'\lllul h ~~vu 4) m1>0'1'1 "l M'ii

l'ltu~m1lJfl11 "lum1~1'lllllmlu 5) ~u'1m1l M'mllJ lhfi'tynnl'lw~m1lJfl11ffll1lJ fimJ 1"lu m11lJ

l'll'lfflJh

สำนกหอ


.. 'U'fl'fl 5

..,..., <I & ~,l ...,<lloC.I .Kd &

f11 ~ 1 ~ V'U ~ ~ V1flltHl~flfll ~'II V ~ fflll'W ffflll 1 'II 'IJ 'l'l'IJ l! l'IJ ff ~ f1 fl ff1'1J m 1 'IJ l 'II \11 'l'l 'IJ 'Y1 f11 ~ ffflll 1

lh~ll'Uffflll1fll'lJ~'Il\i1 l'llfl 3 i:i1f1Qlh:;rr~fil) r~<J'YJJ11Jln'W1fllff<J~tlfll~'II<J~rtm'llffnm,T'Il ,i'lll!1'1J a~nfi!YTUm1W'IIfl,i'IJ~fll>fffllJ11h:;ll'Ufffllllfllty~'ll1J1l'llfl 3 U<l:; 2) l~!l'YJJ11Jl!'IJ1

'JI 'il 'JI •

m~m~..;~~~ 'IJ 1tl~ t1 m~ 'II tl~ rr111 'IJ finll 1'11' 'IJ Yl'll l! 1'1J a~ nt1 ri111' n ~ 1'1J l 'II 111 VI 'IJ 'Vi n1 ~ finll Ttl~:; ll'U finll 1 .. . . fllty~'ll1J1l'llfl 3 'l$~fll~11ivfl~~i'h~'llfln1~m;l~'l'l~~ll!'IJ1 (descriptive research) 1~fflll'llfffllll

a~nflri111'n~1'1Jl'llfl,i'IJ~m~finllnh:;ll'Uffflll1fllilJ~'IllJ1 l'll\11 3 'ii'1m'IJ 10 h~i1v'll ~1n'ii'1'1J1'1J . ' "i a ~ "i ""' d • ""' rl~ ~ 91~ .<!!. il = &Hl~V'Ilm11'Ufl 83 &Hl~V'IJ lU'IJ11'1J1V1lm1:;11'11t!lJ<l (unit of analysis) r:1 !11'11VlJ<lfltl f;!ln111~

• • rrmufinll1 fl;ill<~~.l'1u'Yl'llflll!:;nn'Unnrrm'llffflm h~i1v'll<~:; 3 fl'll ~1lJ'I'i~iY'Il 210 fi'IJ Afl

~ ~ .,; .... ~1!'1 ~~\'] ~ "''' l 'IJ~tlV<l:; 100 lm<J~'Utl'Yl !'If !'llfll~1Ml 'lll!lJlJfftllJ\ll'UflllJU'IJ1flfi'IIV~ntlfl'l$ U<l:;flru:; (Fox

<::l "" " Q,l 'jl ... & and others) lflV1fllJlJ n m m fft!~flfll ~ fll'U 'Y1 ff'll:; 'II <J~ flm 111 ~ rrm 'IJ ffflll 1 fl m <1:; fill!:; f1 n 'Ufl n • • rrm'llffflll11'1lrtlll'llffflm 8 .i'1'1J rr(i~~1~'1lm~1m~1:;11''1l't!lJ<l fi<J rhll''lflliw<~'llfiWfl (X) u<~:;

ff1'1JlrlV~llJ'IJ'U1fl~ j!1'1J (S.D.) lfiV 1 ~lfl\1! '11 fll~ 0111'1J fl fl11lJ11lJ 1Vfi1'U'II t!lJl'll fl'lltl~fl 1l Q ~Vfi1'U U'll1Afi'II<J~llJff.l' (Best) 1flv 1 ~hh um 'Uff1l~ ~~u rr~Ufl<lfll~ 1\lv <Jthh1Vfl<l u<~:;'1l'mrt'll<JU 'IJ:; . ' • .r~~<J1uil

""' .,. 'jl 'JI

~ 1flfll~ 1lm 1:;11 'II <llJ" rr1 u fl<lfll ~ 1\l v.r~ u rtlll'lllll'l'l'll!l~f1'hr'1l'<J'U<l Tiui1l~'lll'l'lff11w~mflwl1l'l'lff'lf1V l'l'lff11W~ 124 fl'll flm\'J'IJ

qJ "" ., u

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ !lid.<::!. ~~ .d ~M<l:; 59.04 l 'lll'l'lff'lf1V 86 fi'IJ flfll 'IJ~t!V<l:; 40.96 l '1Jfl'Yl'U81V 31 -40 1J 'Ulfl'Ylfffl . ' ' . ~ ~ ~ ~ "' ""' ~ .. ~ ~ ~ ~1'1J1'1J 95 fi'IJ flfll 'IJO<JV<l:; 45.24 ~:;fllJflUfffllll1J~ilJilJ1fl~lJ1fl'Ylfffl 103 fi'IJ flfll 'IJO<JV . . ' • • '~ 'jl.<:::o ,. ""'- 0 ... ~ ~ ~

<!:; 49.04 fi1Hflll!11'1J~l 'llflln111~ &Hl~V'IJ~l'IJ1'1J 70 fi'IJ flfll 'IJ~t!V<l:; 33.33 mflff!l'IJ • • •

""' ~I .<::!. D ... ~ ~ 33.33 'U81~~1'1!fll~ I - 5 1J 'Ulfl'Yl'Jfl ~1'1Jd'IJ 107 fi'IJ flfll 'IJ~t!V<l:; 50.96

76

สำนกหอ


77

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lJ'I111VltJll11J'il'lfll []YllJO!!f ~ m llJ ,254 7.

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Output Created Comments

Input

Syntax

Resources

FtE!Iie~t»ili~ Notes

Filter Weight Split File N of Rows in Working Data File

Elapsed Time

31-JUL-2011 09:37:52

<none> <none>

<none>

30

REUABILTTY /VAR1ABLES;var00001 var00002 var00003 var00004 varOOOOS var00006 var00007 var00008 var00009 var00010 var00011 var00012 var00013 var00014 var00015 var00016 var00017 var00018 var00019 var00020 var00021 var00022

var00023 var00024 var00025 var00026 var00027 var00028 var00029 var00030 var00031 var00032 var00033 var00034 var00035 var00036 var00037

var00038 var00039 var00040 var00041 var00042 var00043 var00044 var00045 var00046

/FORMAT ;LABELS /SCALE(ALPHA);ALL/MODEL;ALPHA

/STATISTICS;DESCR1PTIVE SCALE /SUMMARY;TQTAL.

0:00:00.13

****** Method 1 (space saver) will be used for this analysis ******

R E L I A B I L I T Y A N A L Y 5 I 5 - 5 C A L E (A L P H A)

1. VAR00001 2. VAR00002 3. VAR00003 4. VAR00004 5. VAR00005 6. VAR00006 7. VAR00007 8. VAROOOOB 9. VAR00009 10. VAR00010 11. VAROOOll 12. VAR00012 13. VAROOO 13 14. VAR00014 15. VAR00015 16. VAR00016 17. VAR00017 18. VAR00018 19. VAR00019

109

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110

20. VAR00020 21. VAR00021 22. VAR00022 23. VAR00023 24. VAR00024 25. VAR00025 26. VAR00026 27. VAR00027 28. VAR00028 29. VAR00029 30. VAR00030 31. VAR00031 32. VAR00032 33. VAR00033 34. VAR00034 35. VAR00035 36. VAR00036 37. VAR00037 38. VAR00038 39. VAR00039 40. VAR00040 41. VAR00041 42. VAR00042 43. VAR00043 44. VAR00044 45. VAR00045 46. VAR00046

-RELIABILITY ANALYSIS - SCALE (ALPHA)

Mean Std Dev Cases

1. VAR00001 4.4667 .5074 30.0 2. VAR00002 4.3667 .4901 30.0 3. VAR00003 4.0000 .5872 30.0 4. VAR00004 4.0000 .4549 30.0 5. VAR00005 4.1333 .6288 30.0 6. VAR00006 4.1333 .3457 30.0 7. VAR00007 3.7667 .5040 30.0 8. VAR00008 3.9333 .3651 30.0 9. VAR00009 3.6000 .7240 30.0 10. VAR00010 3.5000 .5085 30.0 11. VAROOOll 3.7333 .8277 30.0 12. VAR00012 3.6333 .6149 30.0 13. VAR00013 3.6333 .7649 30.0 14. VAR00014 4.0667 .5208 30.0 15. VAR00015 4.3667 .7184 30.0 16. VAR00016 4.6000 .4983 30.0 17. VAR00017 4.6333 .4901 30.0 18. VAR00018 4.4667 .5074 30.0 19. VAR00019 4.5333 .5074 30.0 20. VAR00020 4.5333 .5074 30.0 21. VAR00021 4.5667 .6261 30.0 22. VAR00022 4.4667 .5074 30.0

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23. VAR00023 24. VAR00024 25. VAR00025 26. VAR00026 27. VAR00027 28. VAR00028 29. VAR00029 30. VAR00030 31. VAR00031 32. VAR00032 33. VAR00033 34. VAR00034 35. VAR00035 36. VAR00036 37. VAR00037 38. VAR00038 39. VAR00039 40. VAR00040 41. VAR00041 42. VAR00042 43. VAR00043 44. VAR00044 45. VAR00045 46. VAR00046

4.4667 4.2667 3.7333 4.4000 4.3000 3.7667 3.5333 3.7000 4.4000 4.5667 4.2667 4.2333 3.7000 4.0667 4.0667 3.9667 3.7000 3.6333 3.9667 3.8000 3.8333 3.9333 4.3000 4.1333

.5074

.6915

.7849

.4983

.5960

.4302

.7303

.7022

.6747

.5683

.5208

.4302

.6513

.2537

.8277

.4901

.8769

.8899

.7649

.7144

.9855

.8683

.9523

.5713

30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0

RELIABILITY ANALYSIS S C A L E (A L P H A)

N of Statistics for Mean Variance Std Dev Variables SCALE 187.8667 160.9471 12.6865 46

R E LI A B I LI T Y A N A L Y S I S - S C A L E (A L P H A)

Scale Mean if Item Deleted

VAR00001 VAR00002 VAR00003 VAR00004 VAR00005 VAR00006 VAR00007 VAR00008 VAR00009 VAR00010 VAR00011 VAR00012 VAR00013

Item-total Statistics

Scale Variance if Item Deleted

183.4000 183.5000 183.8667 183.8667 183.7333 183.7333 184.1000 183.9333 184.2667 184.3667 184.1333 184.2333 184.2333

Corrected ItemTotal

Correlation

152.1793 155.0862 153.9126 161.3609 156.7540 159.5816 158.7138 156.9609 150.1333 153.9644 148.9471 151.2885 158.1161

Alpha if Item

Deleted

.6798

.4604

.4591 -.0537 .2412 .1426 .1559 .4211 .5800 .5328 .5601 .6135 .1168

.9001

.9022

.9020

.9067

.9045

.9049

.9051

.9030

.9002

.9015

.9003

.9002

.9068

111

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VAR00014 VAR00015 VAR00016 VAR00017 VAR00018 VAR00019 VAR00020 VAR00021 VAR00022 VAR00023 VAR00024 VAR00025 VAR00026 VAR00027 VAR00028 VAR00029 VAR00030 VAR00031 VAR00032 VAR00033 VAR00034 VAR00035 VAR00036 VAR00037 VAR00038 VAR00039 VAR00040 VAR00041

183.8000 183.5000 183.2667 183.2333 183.4000 183.3333 183.3333 183.3000 183.4000 183.4000 183.6000 184.1333 183.4667 183.5667 184.1000 184.3333 184.1667 183.4667 183.3000 183.6000 183.6333 184.1667 183.8000 183.8000 183.9000 184.1667 184.2333 183.9000

157.2690 152.6034 160.6851 153.5644 154.7310 152.5747 152.5747 148.7690 153.2138 153.2138 152.5241 156.3954 151.5678 154.8747 157.6103 149.1954 160.0747 162.3954 163.5276 155.0759 154.7230 158.5575 158.8552 145.9586 156.9897 147.1782 149.1506 154.7828

.2608

.4410

.0011

.5880

.4720

.6474

.6474

.7717

.5951

.5951

.4652

.2005

.7443

.3854

.2918

.6288

.0213 -.1107 -.1998 .4317 .5643 .1198 .3170 .7152 .3027 .6110 .5063 .2932

.9041

.9021

.9065

.9010

.9021

.9004

.9004

.8982

.9009

.9009

.9018

.9057

.8995

.9028

.9038

.8995

.9076

.9090

.9090

.9024

.9016

.9061

.9040

.8978

.9037

.8994

.9012

.9043

R E l I A B I lIT Y A N A l Y 5 I S - S C A l E (A l P H A)

Item-total Statistics

Scale Scale Corrected Mean Variance Item- Alpha if Item

Deleted if Item Total if Item

Deleted Correlation Deleted

VAR00042 VAR00043 VAR00044 VAR00045 VAR00046

184.0667 184.0333 183.9333 183.5667 183.7333

154.2713 146.8609 149.8575 152.5989 1S0.9609

.3474

.5491

.4862

.3163

.6880

Reliability Coefficients

N of cases = 30.0 N of Items = 46

Alpha = .9047

.9034

.9006

.9015

.9047

.8995

112

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