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3-D Printing
電機四吳季鍇電機四莊宗穎電機三鄭子宇
Usual 3D printing
Also called additive
manufacturing
A 3-d scanner, together with
certain computer-aided design
packages, prepares geometric
data for 3-d graphics.
Functioning
A series of cross sections are read
according to a 3-d printable file.
The device then lays down
successive layers made of liquid,
powder, papers or sheet material.
They are automatically joined,
creating the final shape.
Current application In 2002, Los Angeles’ Mattel Children’s Hospital used
3-D-printed models to plan complex surgery to
separate Guatemalan conjoined twins.
In 2011, Surgeons at the University Hospital in Ghent
successfully performed one of the most complex facial
transplants.
Shortage organs
3-D bioprinting
3-D Bio-printing: new
frontiers Firms and academia have
extensively studied its applications.
Seeks to building tissues, organs, and even body parts.
Make possible testing of new drugs & investigating other disease --researches infeasible to conduct in vivo.
Benefits those awaiting organ transplantation.
above: cross-section of a
kidney thus “printed”
Materials
main material: cells, hydrogel, sugar matrix
cells are taken either from biopsies (sampling) or stem
cells, if possible.
They are cultured by traditional means, say in petri plates.
Preparation --Bio-paper, a biocompatible
water-based gel, e.g. collagen.
--Bio-ink made up of aggregated
cells of many different cell types -
e.g., endothelial, smooth muscle,
fibroblasts.
After packed into tube, extruded
and chopped into bits, a “drop”
of a bio-ink then spontaneously
round up into spheres and are
transferred into the printing
device.
The printing Take the making of a blood vessel
for example.
A sheet of bio-paper is put on the working surface.
Then the device prints a circle of bio-ink spheres onto that.
The process repeats.
The assembly of cells are then left in the growth medium for several weeks.
The regulation
The topological structure
changes; they also differentiate.
(wonderful!!!)
The endothelial cells migrate to
the inner edge of the cylinder;
The smooth muscle cells move to
the middle;
And the fibroblasts take up
position on the outside.
Printing real organs
In printing an organ of more
complex shape, say a tooth --
pre-formed scaffold and a co-
printed one make available
adjacent layers of epithelial and
stromal soft tissue grow into a
mature tooth.
Researchers claim they are able to
place cells of almost any type into
a desired 3-d pattern.
Recent research Organovo Holdings, Inc. have fabricated some 3D tissues,
such as liver tissue model, bone, blood vessels, skeletal
muscle and small airway.
Direct Human Cartilage Repair Using Three-
Dimensional Bioprinting Technology, The Scripps
Research Institute, 2012
Recent research Design and Fabrication of Human Skin by Three-
Dimensional Bioprinting, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
2013
The Application of Bioprinting in Dental an Bone
Repairs, Columbia University
