3- Requerimientos de Eficiencia de Puertos Para Mercado Marítimo_Matthew. H.N. Kim_Corea Del Sur

8/12/2019 3- Requerimientos de Eficiencia de Puertos Para Mercado Marítimo_Matthew. H.N. Kim_Corea Del Sur

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Port fficiency Requirement f

the Maritime Market

From Experience of the Port of Busan



Contents

Maritime Market with Port ImplicationIntroduction of the Port of Busan

Container Handlings in the Port of Busa

Terminal Automation & Port ProductiviOperational Challenges and Measures T



Maritime Marketwith Port Implications



Container Trade in North-east Asia

• Northeast Asia : one of the most economically vibrant regioworld

- 22% of global GDP

- Annual growth rate : 6.4 % ( World Out Look of IMF)

•

Container throughput of Northeast Asia- 260 million TEU in 2013 → 349 million TEU in 2017 (42% of

Drewry Maritime Research)

• 8 out of 10 World Largest Container ports in the region (201



Containership Growth in Size

• Containership Order book by Year and Delivery Year (,000

2013 2014 2015 2016 To

< 3,000 71 8 - -

3,000~5,900 254 10 - -

6,000~8,900 422 128 16 -

9,000~9,900 140 56 - -

10,000+ 616 363 123 90

Total 1,503 565 139 90

Drewry Shipping Consultant Ltd “Annual Container market Review and Forecast – 2011/12” 2



Cascade Effect

•

Most larger container ships to be deployed on Asia-Europe t• 108 ships of 7,000-10,000-TEU capacity need to be cascade

trades by early 2015 or end of 2016 (Dekker, Drewy contain

- Asia-U.S West Coast and Asia-U.S East Coast via Suez routes

main receivers

- Additional increase in ship size in key North-South trades ex



Formation of Mega-Alliances

• Operation of mega-ships with slow-steaming needs mega-al

• P 3 Network waiting for Chinese regulator’s approval

- Box trio’s mega vessel sharing agreement on the east-west

- 255 vessels of 2.6 M TEUs in 29 routes

- Coverage : Asia-Europe 42%, trans-Pacific 24 %, trans-Atlan

• G 6, CKYHE seek responding measures

• Shippers as well as ports concern about losing their leveragecarries.



General Shift for Container Ships

TEU LOA (m) Beam (m)

Panamax : 1980’s 3,000∼4,500 294 32.0

Post Panamax : 1988~1995 4,000∼5,000 280∼305 41.1

5th generation : 1996∼2005 6,400∼8,000 300∼347 42.9

Super post-panamax : 1997∼ 8,000∼11,400 320∼380 43∼47

New-panamax : 2010 12,500 366 49.0

Maersk EEE Class 18,270 400 59.0

China Shipping / UASC 18,400 400 58.6

Source : Ocean Shipping Consultants (2012), Bigger Container ships-Port Implications, PLANC



Challenges by Mega-ships

• Optimal Berth Utilization challenged

- Berth-window planning and high schedule accuracy becom

• Beam of 59m → Crane reaching 23 rows across on deck

• Deep drafts need to be taken into consideration

• 18K-TEU ship requires 8-10 CCs

- But, provides a win-win situation both for terminal and ca

• Big challenge to yard capacity by high volume of containers

• Supply chains need to adjust to big shipments



Introduction ofthe Port of Busan



View of Port of Busan

North

South Port

GamcheonPort

Dadaipon

Port

Busan New Port

25 km



North Port & Busan New Port

The Old Port Busan New Port



Largest Container Port in Korea

• Busan, a typical port-city, is the second largest city inwith a population of 4 millions.

- Assumes the tittle of ‘Ocean Capital of Korea’

• The Port of Busan handles 75% of nation´s containe

• World’s fifth ranked container port since 2004- 360 weekly services by 61 global carriers

- Connected to 500 ports of 100 countries



Transshipments Hub in North-east Asia

Total Traffic A (,000 TEU) Transshipment B (,000 TEU) B/A

1999 6,439 1,632 2

2002 9,453 3,887 4

2005 11,840 5,176 4

2008 13,452 5,807 4

2010 14,194 6,276 4

2012 17,046 8,147 4

2013 17,686 8,748 5

• Transshipments at the Port of Busan

Source: Busan Port Authority



Factors For Transshipment Hub

• Capacity to harbor VLCVs with 24/7 operational system

• Geographical positioning

- Located on the main trunk shipping route,

- Extensive feeder-network connecting 45 Chinese ports,

60 Japanese ports, 5 Russian ports etc.,

• Low comparative cost

• Less affected from bad weather (fog and storms)



Container Handlingsin the Port of Busan



Container T/put by PortTotal

(‘000 TEU)

Container Terminals (‘000 TEU, ) G

oBusan New Port North Port

1999 6,439 4,367

2002 9,452 6,775

2004 11,492 8,618

2006 12,048 238 9,038

2008 12,452 1,579 8,396

2010 14,193 5,485 7,999

2012 17,046 9,443 7,000

2013 17,686 10.963 6,125

Source : Busan Port Authority





Container Terminals in North Port

Operator Opened Quay

Length(m)

Area

(‘000m2)

Water

Depth(-M)

Equipm

CC

Hutchison T. H. K 1978 1,447 624 15 14 (20 rows

Sinsundai T. K. E 1991 1,500 1,228 15-16 15 (22 rows 3, 20

Uam T. U. T 1996 500 182 11 5

Ganman T. SB ,

IG,HJS

1998 1,400 731 15 13 (22 rows

Singanman T. D.E 2002 826 296 15 7 (22 rows 3

Source: Busan Port Authority



Container Handlings inBusan New Port



Busan New Port

PNIPPNC

HJIN

HPNT

BNCT



Terminals in Busan New Port

Developer

& Operator

Opened Quay

Length

Area

(‘000 m2)

Water

Depth

Equipment

CC

Phase 1 PNIT 2010 1,200 m 840 -16 m 11 (22 rows 9, 24 rows

Phase 1 PNC 2006 2,000 m 1,286 -17 m 19 (22 rows 16, 24 row

3)

Phase 2-1 HJNC 2009 1,100 m 688 -18 m 12 (24 rows )

Phase 2-2 HPNT 2010 1,150 m 553 -17 m 12 (24 rows )

Phase 2-3 BNCT 2012 1,400 m 785 -17 m 8 (24 rows )

Multi-

Purpose

BPA/SB 2010 700 m 73 -15 m HC 1




Future Plan of Busan New Port

Developer Quay Length No. of Berth Rema

Phase 2-4 Private 1,100 m 3 Under Constr

Phase 2-5 BPA 700 m 2 Under Constr

Phase 2-6 etc,. BPA 4,000 m 17


• Removal of Todo- 24,000m2

- US$ 250 M

• Widen Excess Channel : 800 m~ 1,300m



Development Plan of Busan New Po



Terminal Automation

• Terminal automation indispensable to increase productivity

• Gate Automation System using Radio Frequency Idetificatio

all terminals

• Automated Stacking Cranes (ASC)

- ASC system was first tested in Sinsundai Termnal from 200

- Most terminals of Busan New Port chose ASC system

- Yard Tractor Pulling System also in use complementarily

• BNCT opened first vertically automated terminal in 2012



Terminal Productivity

•

Competitive vessel turnaround time becomes critical• Shared Challenge of the terminal and the shipping line

• Berth Productivity : average moves per hour per birth while port (January-June 2013, JOC Port Productivity Data )

- The Port of Busan : 89.4 (5th highest port in the world)

- Hyundai Pusan Newport Terminal (Busan New Port) : 107 (

terminal in the world)



Operational Challenges oPort of Busan



Operational Challenges

• Reckless development of container handling capacity withou

to future demand : over-capacity dispute

• 13 container terminals competing with each other

- None of them generates enough business to make money

• Shuttle transport between North Port and Busan New Port

- 420,000 TEUs in 2013 (380,000 TEUs by road, 40,000 TEUs - Additional cost & traffic jam and air pollution by trucks



Counter-Measures Taken

• Commenced ¨Redevelopment of General Quays (1~4) of No

- To be transformed into an environment-friendly water fron

• Supply of new terminals in line with new demand in the ma

• Encourages feeder vessels to call at both ports

- Exempts from port charges

• Subsidizes shipping lines on the shuttle cost between two p

• New road connecting two ports will be completed by 2014



Revitalization of General Quays





Distripark in Busan New Port

• Development Plan

- Northern Logistics Park, 1.7M m2, 2005~2010

- Southern Logistics Park, 1.4M m2, 2011~2015

- Northern Logistics Park, 3.6M m2, 2011~2020

• Main businesses : Assembling, Packaging, Storage, Stevedor

• Tex Exemptions & favorable lease conditions

• Currently 30 companies are under operation

- about 650,000 TEU and 1,800 jobs created

Bird’s eye



Bird s-eyeView of Distripark Development Plan

N h L i i P k



Northern Logistics ParkUnder Operation



Building CooperativeRelationshipin the field of Ports

- Colombia and Korea -



Building Cooperative Relationship

•Ports as the most essential social infrastructure- Shouldn´t be bottle-nects, but conduits in multimodal supply

• Takes long period of time and huge amount of capital to const

- Operational issues equally need to be addressed

•

Korea wants to share its experience with Colombia• Governmental MOU is under discussion between two countri

Builds Cooperative Relationship in the field of Sea Ports

Documents

3- Requerimientos de Eficiencia de Puertos Para Mercado Marítimo_Matthew. H.N. Kim_Corea Del Sur