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Li M u

Trong nhng nm gn y, k thut thng tin v truyn s liu c nhng

bc pht trin mnh m. T cc khi mch s lin kt hu tuyn dn cthay th thnh cc h thng thng tin truyn s liu v tuyn kt hp vi ccphng php x l s tn hiu cho php truyn thng tin i xa hn, trn nn nhiuln hn, cng sut pht thp hn v di tn thng tin rng hn.

Mt trong cc yu t ci thin cht lng thng tin ny l cc h thng ccanten thu pht kch thc nh v di tn rng, m trong phn t c trin khaiv nghin cu nhiu l anten vi di (microstrip patch antenna).

im mnh ca anten vi di so vi cc loi anten thng thng khc l kchthc nh gn, linh hot v tn s cng hng, cu trc n nh v c bit l phhp vi cng ngh vi di hin nay ang c s dng rng ri trong vic ch tomch in v cc IC chuyn dng. Khng nhng th, anten vi di cn rt ph hpvi cu trc mng anten (array antenna) cho php tng li, nh hng vhn th na c th kt hp vi cc gii thut x l s tn hiu to thnh ccanten thng minh trong nhiu ng dng k thut cao.

Trong phm vi ti lun vn ny, chng ta s quan tm ti vic thit k thicng v m phng Dy Microstrip Patch antenna tn s cng hng 2.4 GHz.u tin l nghin cu su vo mt patch antenna. Sau s a ra cch giiquyt tng bng thng, Thit k mng array nhiu antenna tng li nh hng ca anten ph hp vi cc m hnh thc t hin nay.

ti ny gm c 4 chng. Chng 1 v 2 tp trung vo vic phn tch lthuyt v anten vi di, mng anten v cch phi hp tr khng vi ng truyn.

Chng 3 a ra cch gii quyt ba bi ton thit k anten vi di, tng bng thngv cch phi hp chng thnh mng v dng thc hin m phng nhng g tnhton. Chng 4 s l thi cng v o c cc kt qu t c. Cui cng l phnkt lun hng pht trin v ph lc bao gm chng trnh vit bng matlab thc hin tnh ton anten vi di v cc thng s lin quan.

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Li cm n

Chng em xin gi n Thy Trn Thanh Ngn li cm n chn thnh v lng bitn su sc v s hng dn nhit tnh ca Thy trong sut qu trnh lm lun vnny. Thy rn luyn cho chng em tnh t lp nghin cu, nim am m vokhoa hc k thut. Tt c nhng iu ny l hnh trang quan trng cho chng emtrn con ng chng gai sau ny.Chng em cng xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong khoa in-in T, cbit l cc thy c trong b mn Vin Thng ht lng dy d v truyn tnhng kin thc qu bu trong qu trnh hc trang b mt nn tng kin thcvng chc hon thnh tt lun vn v sn sng cho cng vic tng lai.V cui cng chng ti xin cm n nhng ngi bn trong nhm c nhnggip , chia s, tho lun, ng vin trong qu trnh hon thnh Lun Vn.

Tp.H Ch Minh, thng 12 nm 2008Sinh vin

T Lng Phan NguynPhm Duy Bnh

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MUC LUCDANH MC HNH V............................................................................................................v

DANH MC BNG BIU......................................................................................................vii

CHNG 1: ANTEN VI DI1.1 GII THIU CHUNG V ANTEN VI DI...............................................1

1.1.1 Cc hnh dng c bn ca anten vi di ..................................................2

1.1.2 c tnh ca Microstrip Antennas (MSA).............................................3..................................................................................................................................

1.1.3 Cc k thut cp ngun cho anten vi di (feed method)........................41.1.3.1 Cp ngun bng ng truyn vi di ....................................51.1.3.2 Cp ngun bng probe ng trc...........................................51.1.3.3 Cp ngun dng phng php ghp khe...............................61.1.3.4 Cp ngun dng phng php ghp gn ...............................6

1.1.4 Bng thng ca MSA.............................................................................71.1.5 Nguyn l bc x ca anten vi di..........................................................81.1.6 Trng bc x ca anten vi di .............................................................9

1.1.6.1 Th vect v mt s cng thc tnh trng bc x.............101.1.6.2 Cng sut bc x ................................................................111.1.6.3 Cng sut tiu tn...............................................................111.1.6.4 Nng lng tch ly............................................................121.1.6.5 Tr khng vo.....................................................................12

1.1.7 S phn cc sng..................................................................................131.2 CC M HNH PHN TCH ANTEN VI DI......................................13

1.2.1 M hnh ng truyn (Transmission line)..........................................141.2.1.1 Hiu ng vin (Fringing Effects)........................................141.2.1.2 Chiu di hiu dng, tn s cng hng v chiu rng hiu

dng.....................................................................................151.2.1.3 Bi ton thit k..................................................................171.2.1.4 in dn..............................................................................18

1.2.1.5 Tr khng vo ti tn s cng hng..................................191.2.2 M hnh hc cng hng......................................................................22

1.2.2.1 Cc mode trng TMx.....................................................231.2.2.2 Trng bc x - Mode TMx010.............................................261.2.2.3 nh hng....................................................................28

1.3 NH HNG GHP TNG H GIA HAI ANTEN VI DI......... .30

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Chng 2: MNG ANTEN VI DI2.1 MNG HAI PHN T...............................................................................332.2 MNG TUYN TNH N PHN T - NG NHT BIN V

NG NHT KHONG CCH...............................................................352.2.1 Mng broadside v mng End-Fire.......................................................38

2.2.2 Mng qut [Phased (Scanning) Array]..................................................412.3 MNG TUYN TNH N PHN T - CC C TNH BA CHIU.....42

2.3.1 N phn t nm dc theo trc Z.............................................................422.3.2 N phn t nm dc theo trc X hoc Y................................................43

2.4 MNG TUYN TNH N PHN T - KHONG CCH NG NHT,BIN KHNG NG NHT.............................................................44

2.4.1 H s mng...........................................................................................442.4.2 Mng nh thc......................................................................................462.4.3 Mng Schebyscheff..............................................................................47

2.5 MNG HAI CHIU....................................................................................48

2.5.1 H s mng...........................................................................................482.5.2 rng bp sng.................................................................................502.5.3 nh hng.....................................................................................52

2.6 THAY I C TNH BC X CA MNG ANTEN HAI CHIU..52

Chng 3: THIT K V M PHNG ANTEN VI DI3.1 THIT K V M PHNG MT PATCH ANTENNA VI DI......... .55

3.1.1 Thit k.................................................................................................55..................................................................................................................................

3.1.2 M phng.............................................................................................58

..................................................................................................................................3.2 M RNG BNG THNG.......................................................................62

3.2.1 Thit k................................................................................................623.2.2 M phng.............................................................................................63

3.3 THIT K V M PHNG DY ANTEN VI DI.................................663.3.1 Thit k................................................................................................66

3.3.1.1 Mng 4 phn t ..................................................................663.3.1.2 Mng 16 phn t ................................................................68

3.3.2 M Phng Array...................................................................................71

Chng 4: THI CNG V O C4.1 THI CNG MICROSTRIP ANTENNA....................................................754.2 O C CC THNG S CHO SMA....................................................76

4.2.1 Gii thiu thit b Network Analyzer....................................................774.2.2 Cc thng s ca anten ........................................................................79

4.2.2.1 Patch antenna vi ming xp m khng kh.....................794.2.2.2 Mng bao gm bn patch antenna.......................................82

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KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN.................................................85PH LC.....................................................................................................87TI LIU THAM KHO..........................................................................91

Danh mc hnh v

CHNG 1: ANTEN VI DIHnh 1.1 Anten vi di.........................................................................................1Hnh 1.2 Cc dng anten vi di thng dng.......................................................2

Hnh 1.3 Cp ngun dng ng truyn vi di..................................................5Hnh 1.4 Cp ngun dng cp ng trc........................................................5Hnh 1.5 Cp ngun dng phng php ghp khe Aperture coupled..............6Hnh 1.6 Cp ngun dng phng php ghp gn Proximity Coupled...........6Hnh 1.7 Phn b in tch v dng in trong anten vi di hnh ch nht........8Hnh 1.8 Hng s in mi hiu dng..............................................................15Hnh 1.9 Chiu di vt l v chiu di hiu dng ming patch........................17Hnh 1.10 Patch ch nht v mch tng ng trong m hnh ng truyn..18Hnh 1.11 Thay i v tr im feed c tr khng vo ph hp.....................21Hnh 1.12 Phn b in tch v dng in.........................................................22

Hnh 1.13 Phn tch m hnh anten vi di trn trc ta .................................24..................................................................................................................................Hnh 1.14 Cc mode trng bc x anten vi di................................................26Hnh 1.15 Sp xp anten vi di trong mt phng E v H...................................30

Chng 2: MNG ANTEN VI DIHnh 2.1 Bn dng hnh hc ca anten mng...................................................32Hnh 2.2 Dng hnh hc ca mng 2 phn t t dc theo trc z.....................33Hnh 2.3 Trng vng xa v s pha ca mng N phn t isotropic............36

Hnh 2.4 th bc x ba chiu ca cc mngbroadside v broadside/end-fire.........................................................39..................................................................................................................................Hnh 2.5 th bc x hai chiu ca cc mng

broadside v broadside/end-fire.........................................................40Hnh 2.6 th bc x ba chiu v hai chiu ca mng qut ng nht gm

10 phn t (N=10, 0coskd = , 0 =600, d= / 4 )............................42

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Hnh 2.7 Mng tuyn tnh N phn t isotropic t dc theo trc x.................43Hnh 2.8 Cch b tr cc anten phn t...........................................................45Hnh 2.9 Tng quan h s bin an ca mng 10 phn t..........................47Hnh 2.10 Dng hnh hc ca mng tuyn tnh v mng hai chiu....................49Hnh 2.11Cc rng bp sng na cng sut ca bp sng chnh c hng

0 v 0.............................................................................................51Hnh 2.12 S khi qu trnh tc ng tn hiu thng qua trng s phc... ....53

Chng 3: THIT K V M PHNG ANTEN VI DIHnh 3.1 Bin i phi hp tr khng..............................................................57Hnh 3.2 Hnh dng ca ming patch c thit k....................................58Hnh 3.3 Ca s chng trnh m phng.........................................................59Hnh 3.4 p ng tn s ca thng s S11........................................................59

Hnh 3.5 Phn b E v H mt phng =00 v =900...................................60Hnh 3.6 th bc x 3D...............................................................................61Hnh 3.7 p ng tng dn-tn s...................................................................61Hnh 3.8 M phng ming patch c in mi l khng kh.............................63Hnh 3.9 H sng sng ti v sng phn x S11...............................................63Hnh 3.10 th bc x 3D...............................................................................65Hnh 3.11 th Smith biu din phi hp tr khng.......................................65Hnh 3.12 H thng mng 2 chiu.....................................................................66Hnh 3.13 H thng mng 2 chiu 2x2 thit k.............................................66Hnh 3.14 H s sp sp ca mng vi N=2, d=/2, ng pha v bin .........67

Hnh 3.15 th 3D bc x ca h s mng.....................................................68Hnh 3.16 Mng 4x4 -16 phn t.......................................................................68Hnh 3.17 th 3D h s sp xp c tnh ton........................................70Hnh 3.18 Array antenna nhn t trn xung......................................................71Hnh 3.19 Ca s m phng mng anten...........................................................71Hnh 3.20p ng tn s ca thng s S..........................................................72Hnh 3.21 Phn b E v H mt phng =00 v =900 ca array....................73Hnh 3.22 th bc x trong khng gian 3 chiu............................................73Hnh 3.23 p ng tng tr theo tn s.............................................................74

Chng 4: THI CNG V O CHnh 4.1 Microstrip antenna vi lp in mi l khng kh (xp) cho

bng thng rng................................................................................75Hnh 4.2 Mng Microstrip antenna ghp 4 ming trn lp in mi FR4.........76Hnh 4.3 Thit b Network Analyzer (mt trc).............................................77Hnh 4.4 Kt ni gia anten vi thit b o Network Analyzer........................78Hnh 4.5 Thng s S11 trn my o Network Analyzer....................................79

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Hnh 4.6 H s sng ng ca patch antenna in mi khng kh...................80Hnh 4.8 th phn o tr khng antenna.....................................................81Hnh 4.7 th phn thc tr khng vo ca antenna.....................................81Hnh 4.9 H s S11 ca array antenna...............................................................82Hnh 4.10 H s sng ng ca array antenna...................................................82

Hnh 4.11 Phn thc tr khng ca array antenna.............................................83Hnh 4.12 Phn o tr khng array antenna.......................................................84

Danh mc bng biu

Bng 2.1 Cc im null, cc i na cng sut, cc i bp sng ph chomng broadside ng nht bin ......................................................40

Bng 2.2 Cc rng bp sng cho mng broadside ng nht bin ............41Bng 3.1 Cc thng s anten thit k..................................................................55Bng 3.2 Cch thng s tnh ton patch anten vi di 2.4 GHz............................57Bng 3.3 Cch thng s ng microstrip line vi 4.5, 1.6r h mm = = ...............58Bng 3.4 Thng s S11ca mt patch microstrip antenna....................................60Bng 3.5 Thng s S11 ca lp patch khng kh..................................................64Bng 3.6 H s S11 theo tn s.............................................................................72

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