Chng 4*Chn on trng thi k thut t - Bin son- Trn Thanh Hi Tng, Nguyn L Chu Thnh

CHNG 4 QUI TRNH CNG NGH BO DNG T

4.1. KHI NIM CHUNG Bo dng l hng lot cc cng vic nht nh, bt buc phi thc hin vi cc loi xe sau mt thi gian lm vic, hay qung ng qui nh. Mc ch: - Ch yu l kim tra, pht hin nhng h hng t xut, ngn nga chng m bo cho cm my, xe vn hnh an ton. - Chm sc cc h thng, cc c cu m bo chng lm vic an ton v khng b h hng. - Gi gn hnh thc bn ngoi.

4.2. CC CP BO DNG Bo dng t, l cng vic d phng c tin hnh bt buc sau mt chu k

vn hnh nht nh trong khai thc t theo ni dung cng vic quy nh nhm duy tr trng thi k thut ca t.

Bo dng t cn l bin php gip ch phng tin hoc ngi li xe t thc hin trch nhim duy tr tnh trng k thut ca phng tin theo tiu chun quy nh khi tham gia giao thng ng b gia hai k kim nh nh quy nh ti Khon 5, iu 50 Lut Giao thng ng b. Tu theo cp bo dng m mc c khc nhau. Bo dng chia lm 2 cp.(theo quyt nh s 992/2003/Q-BGTVT ngy 09/04/2003).

- Bo dng hng ngy. - Bo dng nh k.

4.2.1. Bo dng hng ngy Bo dng hng ngy do li xe, ph xe hoc cng nhn trong trm bo dng

chu trch nhim v c thc hin trc hoc sau khi xe i hot ng hng ngy, cng nh trong thi gian vn hnh. Nu kim tra thy tnh trng xe bnh thng th mi chy xe. Nu pht hin c s khng bnh thng th phi tm v xc nh r nguyn nhn. V d: Kh khi ng, my nng qu, tng tc km, h thng truyn lc qu n hoc c ting va p, h thng phanh, h thng li khng trn tru, h thng n, ci lm vic km hoc c trc trc...

Phng php tin hnh kim tra ch yu l da vo quan st, nghe ngng, phn on v da vo kinh nghim tch lu c.

Yu cu thi gian kim tra phi ngn. 4.2.1.1. Kim tra, chn on. 1. Vic kim tra, chn on t c tin hnh trng thi tnh (khng n my)

hoc trng thi ng (n my, c th ln bnh).

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Chng 4*Chn on trng thi k thut t - Bin son- Trn Thanh Hi Tng, Nguyn L Chu Thnh

2. Quan st ton b bn ngoi v bn trong t, pht hin cc khim khuyt ca bung li, thng xe, knh chn gi, gng chiu hu, bin s, c cu nng h knh, ca ln xung, np ng c, khung, nhp, lp v p sut hi lp, c cu nng h (nu c) v trang b ko moc...

3. Kim tra h thng in: c qui, s lm vic n nh ca cc ng h trong bung li, n tn hiu, n pha, ct, n phanh, ci, gt nc, c cu ra knh, h thng qut gi...

4. Kim tra h thng li: Hnh trnh t do ca vnh tay li, trng thi lm vic ca b tr lc tay li, hnh thang li.

5. Kim tra h thng phanh: Hnh trnh t do ca bn p phanh, trng thi lm vic v kn ca tng phanh, cc ng dn hi, du, hiu lc ca h thng phanh...

6. Kim tra s lm vic n nh ca ng c, cc cm, tng thnh v cc h thng khc (h thng cung cp nhin liu, bi trn, lm mt, truyn lc chnh, c cu nng h...).

4.2.1.2. Bi trn, lm sch. 7. Kim tra mc du bi trn ca ng c, truyn lc chnh, hp tay li. Nu

thiu phi b sung. 8. Kim tra mc nc lm mt, dung dch c qui... 9. Kim tra bnh cha kh nn, thng cha nhin liu, bu lc nhin liu, bu

lc du. 10. i vi ng c Diesel cn kim tra mc du trong bm cao p, b iu

tc. 11. Lm sch ton b t, bung li, m v gh ngi, thng xe. Lau sch knh

chn gi, gng chiu hu, n, pha, ct, n phanh, bin s. 4.2.1.3. Ni dung bo dng hng ngy i vi r moc v na r moc. 1. Lm sch, kim tra dng c v trang thit b chuyn dng ca r moc, na

r moc. 2. Kim tra thng, khung, nhp, xch, cht an ton, p sut hi lp, c bt d

bnh xe, cng, cht ngang, mm xoay ca r moc, na r moc. 3. Sau khi ni r moc, na r moc vi t phi kim tra khp, mc ko v

xch an ton. Kim tra tc dng v phanh ca r moc, na r moc. 4. i vi r moc 1 trc kim tra cng ni chn chng, gi . 5. i vi na r moc kim tra chn chng, c cu nng v mm xoay. 6. Kim tra cc v tr bi trn. Chn on tnh trng chung ca r moc, na r

moc.

4.2.2. Bo dng nh k Bo dng nh k do cng nhn trong trm bo dng chu trch nhim v

c thc hin sau mt chu k hot ng ca t c xc nh bng qung ng xe chy hoc thi gian khai khc. Cng vic kim tra thng thng dng thit b chuyn dng. Phi kt hp vi vic sa cha nh v thay th mt s chi tit ph nh sc

mng, r li xupp, iu chnh khe h nhit, thay bc lt, m phanh, m ly hp... Tuy nhin, cng vic chnh vn l kim tra, pht hin ngn chn h hng.

4.2.2.1. Chu k bo dng:

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Chng 4*Chn on trng thi k thut t - Bin son- Trn Thanh Hi Tng, Nguyn L Chu Thnh

1. Chu k bo dng nh k c tnh theo qung ng hoc thi gian khai thc ca t, ty theo nh ngch no n trc.

2. Bo dng nh k c thc hin nh sau: a. i vi nhng t c hng dn khai thc s dng ca hng sn xut th chu

k bo dng nh k phi tnh theo quy nh ca nh ch to. b. i vi nhng t khng c hng dn khai thc s dng th chu k bo

dng nh k phi tnh theo qung ng t chy hoc theo thi gian khai thc ca t c quy nh trong bng.

Chu k bo dng Loi t

Trng thi k thut Qung ng

(km) Thi gian (thng)

Chy r 1.500 - Sau chy r 10.000 6 t con Sau sa cha ln 5.000 3 Chy r 1.000 - Sau chy r 8.000 6 t khch Sau sa cha ln 4.000 3 Chy r 1.000 - Sau chy r 8.000 6

t ti, r moc, na r moc

Sau sa cha ln 4.000 3 3. i vi t hot ng iu kin kh khn (min ni, min bin, cng

trng, hi o...) cn s dng h s 0,8 cho chu k quy nh ti khon 2 iu ny. 4. i vi t chuyn dng v t ti chuyn dng (t cn cu, t ch xng

du, t ng lnh, t cha chy, t thang, t cu h...), cn c vo c tnh s dng v hng dn ca nh ch to xc nh chu k v ni dung cng vic bo dng nh k cho nhng h thng, thit b chuyn dng ngoi nhng b phn ca thng thng ca t ni chung.

5. i vi t mi hoc t sau sa cha ln phi thc hin bo dng trong thi k chy r nhm nng cao cht lng cc b mt ma st ca cp chi tit tip xc, gim kh nng hao mn v h hng ca cc chi tit, nng cao tui th tng thnh, h thng ca t.

a. i vi t mi, phi thc hin ng hng dn k thut v quy trnh bo dng ca nh sn xut.

b. i vi t sau sa cha ln, thi k chy r c quy nh l 1500km u tin, trong phi tin hnh bo dng giai on 500km v 1500km.

6. Khi t n chu k quy nh bo dng nh k, phi tin hnh bo dng. Phm vi sai lch khng c vt qu 5% so vi chu k n nh. 4.2.2.2. Cc ni dung bo dng k thut nh k t, r moc v na r moc

a. Cng tc tip nhn t vo trm bo dng 1. Ra v lm sch t. 2. Cng tc kim tra, chn on ban u c tin hnh nh mc 1 ca bo

dng hng ngy, trn c s lp bin bn hin trng k thut ca t.

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Chng 4*Chn on trng thi k thut t - Bin son- Trn Thanh Hi Tng, Nguyn L Chu Thnh

b. Kim tra, chn on, xit cht v iu chnh cc cm, tng thnh, h thng trn t. Bao gm cc tng thnh, h thng sau:

* i vi ng c ni chung: 1. Kim tra, chn on trng thi k thut ca ng c v cc h thng lin quan. 2. Tho bu lc du th, x cn, ra sch. Tho v kim tra ra bu lc du

li tm. Thay du bi trn cho ng c, my nn kh theo chu k, bm m vo bi ca bm nc. Kim tra p sut du bi trn.

3. Kim tra, sc ra thng cha nhin liu. Ra sch bu lc th, thay li lc tinh.

4. Kim tra, xit cht cc bulng, gudng np my, bm hi, chn my, v ly hp, ng ht, ng x v cc mi ghp khc.

5. Tho, kim tra bu lc khng kh. Ra bu lc khng kh ca my nn kh v b tr lc chn khng. Kim tra h thng thng gi cacte.

6. Thay du bi trn cm bm cao p v b iu tc ca ng c Diesel. 7. Lm sch b mt kt nc, qut gi, cnh tn nhit, b mt ngoi ca

ng c, v ly hp, hp s, xc ra kt nc. 8. Kim tra tm chn qut gi kt nc lm mt, tnh trng ca h thng

lm mt, s r r ca kt nc, cc u ni trong h thng, van hng nhit, ca chn song kt nc.

9. Kim tra, iu chnh khe h nhit supp; cng dy ai dn ng qut gi, bm nc, bm hi.

10. Kim tra r trc bm nc, puli dn ng... 11. Kim tra p sut xi lanh ng c. Nu cn phi kim tra kn kht ca

supp, nhm pittng v xi lanh. 12. Kim tra r ca bc lt thanh truyn, trc khyu nu cn. 13. Kim tra h thng cung cp nhin liu; Kim tra cc ng ng dn;

thng cha nhin liu; xit cht cc u ni, gi ; kim tra s r r ca ton h thng; kim tra s lin kt v tnh trng hot ng ca cc c cu iu khin h thng cung cp nhin liu; kim tra p sut lm vic ca bm cung cp nhin liu... ng c xng: a. Kim tra bm xng, b ch ha kh. Tho, sc ra v iu chnh nu cn. b. iu chnh ch chy khng ti ca ng c. c. i vi ng c xng s dng h thng cp nhin liu kiu phun cn kim

tra s lm vic ca ton h thng. ng c Diesel: a. Kim tra, xit cht gi bm cao p, vi phun, bu lc nhin liu, cc

ng ng cp dn nhin liu, gi bn p ga.

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Chng 4*Chn on trng thi k thut t - Bin son- Trn Thanh Hi Tng, Nguyn L Chu Thnh

b. Kim tra vi phun, bm cao p nu cn thit a ln thit b chuyn dng hiu chnh.

c. Kim tra s hot ng ca c cu iu khin thanh rng bm cao p, b iu tc, nu cn hiu chnh im bt u cp nhin liu ca bm cao p.

d. Cho ng c n my, kim tra kh thi ca ng c, hiu chnh tc chy khng ti theo tiu chun cho php, chng nhim mi trng.

* H thng in 1. Kim tra ton b h thng in. Bt cht cc u ni gic cm ti my khi ng,

my pht, b chia in, bng iu khin, ng h v cc b phn khc. 2. Lm sch mt ngoi c quy, thng l thng hi. Kim tra in th, kim tra mc,

nng dung dch nu thiu phi b sung, nu cn phi sc, np c quy. Bt cht u cc, gi c quy.

3. Kim tra, lm sch bn ngoi b tit ch, my pht, b khi ng, b chia in, b nh la bng bn dn, dy cao p, b bin, nu nh la, gt ma, qut gi. Tra du m theo quy nh.

4. Kim tra khe h m vt, lm sch, iu chnh khe h theo quy nh. 5. Kim tra, lm sch in cc, iu chnh khe h gia hai in cc ca nn nh la. 6. iu chnh b cng dy ai dn ng my pht, kim tra, iu chnh s lm vic

ca r le. 7. Kim tra hp cu ch, ton b cc n, nu chy, h hng phi b sung. iu chnh

chiu sng ca n pha, ct cho ph hp theo quy nh. 8. Kim tra ci, bt cht gi ci, iu chnh ci nu cn. 9. Kim tra cc cng tc, u tip xc m bo h thng in hot ng n nh. * Ly hp, hp s, trc cc ng 1. Kim tra, iu chnh bn p ly hp, l xo hi v v hnh trnh t do ca bn p. 2. Kim tra cc khp ni, c cu dn ng v h thng truyn ng ly hp. i vi ly

hp thy lc phi kim tra kn ca h thng v tc dng ca h truyn ng, xit cht gi bn p ly hp.

3. Kim tra mn ca ly hp. Nu cn phi thay. 4. Kim tra xit cht bulng np hp s, cc bulng ni ghp ly hp hp s, trc cc

ng. Lm sch b mt hp s, ly hp, cc ng. 5. Kim tra r trc then hoa, bi cc ng v bi trung gian. 6. Kim tra tng th s lm vic bnh thng ca ly hp, hp s, cc ng. Nu cn

khim khuyt phi iu chnh li. Cc vng chn du, m phi m bo kn kht. 7. Kim tra lng du trong hp s, c