5 Giai doan 2 Phan tich he thong - Ch5 Mo hinh hoa doi tuong

8/14/2019 5 Giai doan 2 Phan tich he thong - Ch5 Mo hinh hoa doi tuong

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Chng 5. M hnh ha i tng 2006 1Nguyn Trung Trc- Khoa CNTT

Giai on 2Phn tch h thng

Chng 5

M hnh ha i tng


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Ni dung

Gii thch phn tch hng i tng cthc dng m t mt HTTT nh thno.

nh ngha cc khi nim v cc thut ngca m hnh ha i tng, bao gm i

tng, thuc tnh, phng thc, thngip, lp v th hin.

Gii thch cc mi quan h gia cc i

tng: ph thuc, lin kt, bao gp vtha k.


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Ni dung

V s lin kt i tng. M t cc k thut v cng c ngn ng

m hnh ha hp nht (UML): use case, suse case, s lp, s tun t, s chuyn trng thi v s hot ng.

Gii thch cc u im ca vic s dngcc cng c CASE trong pht trin mhnh i tng.

Gii thch cch thit lp m hnh i tngnh th no.


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Cc khi nim hng i tng

Phn tch hng i tng l mt cchtip cn nhn h thng trn quan im cci tng.

Sn phm cui cng l m hnh i tng.

Tng quan

S dng Ngn ng m hnh ha h p nht(UML) pht trin cc m hnh i tng.

Cc i tng bao gm d liu v cc qu

trnh nh hng n d liu ny. Lp l mt nhm cc i tng ging nhau.


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i tng object

Mt i tng c th biu din mt ngi, vtr, s kin hoc giao dch.

UML biu din mt i tng bng hnh chnht c tn i tng trn, theo sau l ccthuc tnh v cc phng thc ca itng.


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Hnh 5.1. i tng Child c 4 thuc tnh v 4 phng thc. JamesSmith,Amelia Aliv Misty Greene l cc th hin ca i tng Child.


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Hnh 5.2. i tng Parentc 5 thuc tnh v 3 phng thc. Mary

Smith, Ahmed Aliv Anthony Greene l cc th hin ca i tngParent.


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Hnh 5.3. i tng Dogc 6 thuc tnh v 3 phng thc. Budy,Annie v Megan l cc th hin ca i tng Dog.


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Hnh 5.4. i tng Studentc 7 thuc tnh v 6 phng thc. itng Instructorc 8 thuc tnh v 6 phng thc.


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Hnh 5.5. i tng Fitness-Class Schedule c 7 thuc tnh v 7phng thc.


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Hnh 5.6. i tng Registration Recordc 5 thuc tnh v 5 phngthc.


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Thuc tnh attribute

Thuc tnh l c im dng m t i

tng. S lng cc thuc tnh cn thit ph thuc

vo cc yu cu nghip v v ngi s dng

ca HTTT. Cc thuc tnh c thit k trong qu trnh

thit k h thng.

Cc i tng c th tha k hoc c ccc thuc tnh t cc i tng khc. Trng thi ca mt i tng l mt tnh t

dng m t trng thi hin ti ca itng.


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Hnh 5.7. Trng thi ca i tng l mt thuc tnh cho bit trngthi ca i tng.


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Phng thcmethod

Mt phng thc xc nh cc cng vic cth m i tng c th thc hin.

Phng thc m t mt i tng lm gvlm nhthno.

Phng thc constructor to mt th hinmi ca mt i tng.

Phng thc cp nht dng thay i dliu hin ti.

Phng thc truy vn cung cp thng tin v

cc thuc tnh ca mt i tng.


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Hnh 5.8. Phng thc More Fries yu cu thc hin 7 bc c th.


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Hnh 5.9. Phng thcAdd Studentyu cu thc hin 9 bc c th.


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Thng ipmessage

Thng ip l mt lnh bo cho mt itng thc hin mt phng thc no .

Tnh a hnh (polymorphysm) l khi nim mcng mt thng ip gi cho hai i tngkhc nhau c th to ra cc kt qu khcnhau.

Khi nim hp en l mt v d v tnh ngbao tt c d liu v cc phng thc uc ng kn.


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Hnh 5.10. Thng ipAddthng bo lp Studentthc hin phng

thc Add Student. Thng ip Delete thng bo lp Student thchin phng thc Delete Student.


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Hnh 5.11. V d v tnh a hnh. Thng ip Good Nightto ra cc ktqu khc nhau, ty thuc vo i tng no nhn thng ip ny.

Hnh 5.12. Sales Transaction gi mt thng ip cho mt th hinca lp Customer.


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Lp class

Mt i tng thuc mt nhm hoc mtloi, loi ny c gi l lp.

Cc i tng trong mt lp c th cgom nhm thnh cc nhm con.

Mt lp c th thuc mt loi chung hn, loiny c gi l lp cha.


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Hnh 5.13. LpVehicle cha ccthuc tnh v cc

phng thc chung.Car, Minivan, Truckv School Bus l cc

th hin ca lpVehicle.


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Hnh 5.14. Lp Employee cha cac thuoc tnh va cac phngthc chung. Manager, Office Staffva Instructorla cac lp con

cua lp Employee.


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Hnh 5.15. Lp cha Person cha cc thuc tnh v cc phng thc

chung. Employee l lp con ca lp Person. Instructor l lp conca lp Employee.

Cc mi quan h gia cc i tng v


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Cc mi quan h gia cc i tng vcc lp

Cc mi quan h cho php cc i tnglin lc v tng tc vi nhau.

Cc mi quan h m t cc i tng cng bit ln nhau.

Cc loi mi quan h

Mi quan h ph thuc (dependency)Mi quan h lin kt (association)

Mi quan h bao gp (aggregation)

Mi quan h tha k (inheritance)



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Mi quan h ph thuc dependency

Xy ra khi mt i tng phi c thngbo v mt i tng khc.

Hnh 5.16. Mi quan hph thuc tn ti giacc i tng SchoolBus v Bus Route. Mithay i ca Route Buss nh hng nSchool Bus.



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Mi quan h lin kt association

Mnh hn mi quan h ph thuc v xy rakhi cc thuc tnh no ca mt i tngc xc nh t s tng tc ca n vimt i tng khc.



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q g gcc lp

Hnh 5.17. Mi quan h lin

kt tn ti gia cc itng Student vRegistration Record. Cc

thay i ca RegistrationRecord c th nh hng

n trng thi ca Student.



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q g gcc lp

Mi quan h bao gp aggregation

Tn ti khi mt i tng l mt b phn camt i tng khc.

Hnh 5.18. Mi quan hbao gp tn ti gia cci tng Department

v Employee. Tt c ccthnh vin caDepartment l b phnca Employee.



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q g gcc lp

Mi quan h tha k inheritance

Cho php mt i tng tha k cc thuctnh v cc phng thc ca mt i tngkhc.

Hnh 5.19. Mi quan h thaktn ti gia cc i tng

Instructor v Employee. itng Instructortha k ccc tnh ca lp Employeev c th c thm cc thuc

tnh ring.



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q g gcc lp

S lin kt i tng object relationship diagram

Cung cp ci nhn tng qut ca h thng.

Hng dn pht trin cc s v ti liutip theo.



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cc lp

Hnh 5.20. Mt v d v s lin kt i tng.

M hnh ha i tng dng UML


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Ngi phn tch h thng s dng UMLm t h thng hng i tng.

S dng cc k hiu biu din hacc thnh phn v cc mi quan h khcnhau bn trong h thng.

c s dng ch yu h tr phn tchh thng hng i tng v pht trincc m hnh i tng.

Object Management Group nghUML lmt chun m hnh i tng.



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Suse case S use-case biu din trc quan s

tng tc gia nhng ngi s dng vi

HTTT. S tm lc trc quan ca nhiu use

case lin quan vi nhau trong h thng.

Phm vi ca h thng cho thy ci g ca vo trong h thng v ci g khng ca vo trong h thng.



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Suse caseMt use case biu din cc bc trong mt

chc nng hoc qu trnh nghip v c th.

Mt tc nhn (thc th ngoi) khi ng mtuse case bng cch yu cu h thng thchin mt chc nng hoc qu trnh.

Mt use case c th tng tc vi cc usecase khc.

Mi use caseu c phn m t.



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Suse case Phn loi use-case da vo mc ch v

lng thng tin ca use-case. Use-case khi qut (overview use-case) v use-

case chi tit (detail use-case).

Use-case ch yu (essential use-case) v use-

case thc (real use-case). Cc thnh phn ca m tuse-case

Thng tin khi qut (overview information).

Cc mi lin kt (relationship). Dng cc s kin (flow of events).

Cc c tnh ty chn (optional characteristic).



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Use-case name: ID: Importance level:

Primary actor: Use-case type:

Stakeholders and interests:

Brief description:

Trigger:

Type:

Relationships: (Association, Include, Extend, Generalization)

Normal flow of events:

Subflows:Alternative/exceptional flows:

Hnh 5.21. Mu m tuse-case



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Use-case name: Make appointment ID: 2 Importance level: High

Primary actor: Patient Use-case type: Detail, essential

Stakeholders and interests:

Patient - wants to make, change, or cancel an appointment

Doctor - wants to ensure patients needs are met in timely manner

Brief description: This use case describes how we make an appointment as well

as changing or canceling an appointment.

Trigger: Patient calls and asks for a new appointment or asks to cancel orchange an existing appointment.

Type: External

Relationships:

Association: Patient

Include: Make Payment Arrangements

Extend: Create New Patient

Generalization:

Hnh 5.22. Mt v d ca m tuse-case



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1. The Patients contacts the office regarding an appointment.

2. The Patient provides the Receptionist with his or her name and address.

3. The Receptionist validates that the Patient exists in the Patient database.4. The Receptionist executes the Make Payment Arrangements use-case.

5. The Receptionist asks Patient if he or she would like to make a new

appointment, cancel an existing appointment or change an existing

appointment.

If the patient wants to make a new appointment,

the S-1: new appointment subflow is performed.

If the patient wants to cancel an existing appointment,

the S-2: cancel appointment subflow is performed.

If the patient wants to change an existing appointment,the S-3: change appointment subflow is performed.

6. The Receptionist provides the results of the transaction to the Patient.

Hnh 5.22. Mt v d ca m tuse-case (tip theo)



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Subflows:

S-1: New Appointment

1. The Receptionist asks the Patient for possible appointment times.

2. The Receptionist matches the Patients desired appointment tiems with

available dates and times and schedules the new appointment.

S-2: Cancel Appointment

1. The Receptionist asks the Patient for the oldappointment time.

2. The Receptionist finds the current appointment in the appointment fileand cancels it

S-3: Change Appointment

1. The Receptionist performs the S-2: cancel appointment subflow.

2. The Receptionist performs the S-1: new appointment subflow.




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Subflows:S-1: New Appointment

1. The Receptionist asks the Patient for possible appointment times.

2. The Receptionist matches the Patients desired appointment tiems with

available dates and times and schedules the new appointment.

S-2: Cancel Appointment

1. The Receptionist asks the Patient for the oldappointment time.

2. The Receptionist finds the current appointment in the appointment file

and cancels it

S-3: Change Appointment1. The Receptionist performs the S-2: cancel appointment subflow.

2. The Receptionist performs the S-1: new appointment subflow.

Alternative/exceptional flows:

3a: The Receptionist executes the Create New Patient use-case.S-1, 2a1: The Receptionist proposes some alternative appointment times

based on what is available in the appointment schedule.

S-1, 2a2: The Patient chooses one of the proposed times or decides not to

make an appointment.



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Hnh 5.23. Cc

k hiu ca suse-case.



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Hnh 5.24. Suse-case ca h thng hn khm bnh



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g g

Hnh 5.25. Suse-case vi cc tc nhn chuyn bit.



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g g

Hnh 5.26. Cc mi lin kt Extendv Include.



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g g

S lp class diagram

Biu din ci nhn chi tit ca mt use case.

S lp l mt m hnh lun l, t chuyn thnh m hnh vt l v cui cng trthnh HTTT hot ng.

Lng s m t cc th hin ca lp nyquan h nh th no vi cc th hin ca lpkhc.



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g g

Hnh 5.27. K hiu UML cho thy loi lin kt gia cc th hin camt lp vi cc th hin ca mt lp khc.



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g g

Hnh 5.28. S lp cho use-case Sales Order(khng ghi cc thuctnh v cc phng thc).



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Hnh 5.29. S lpcho use-case Airline

Reservation.



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S tun t sequence diagram

S tun t l m hnh ng ca mt use

case. S tun t cho thy s tng tc gia

cc i tng theo trnh t thi gian.

S tun t cho thy tt c cc tc ng cth c hoc ch tp trung vo mt tnh hungc th.

Tng tc i t trn xung dc theo ngthng ng thi gian.



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S tun t Cc mi tn nm ngang biu din cc thngip ti tng ny n i tng kia.

S tun t bao gm cc k hiu biu dincc lp, cc ng sng, cc thng ip vcc tiu im iu khin.



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Tc nhn

(actor)

i tng

(object)

ng song

(lifeline)

Tiu im iu khin(focus of control)

Thng ip

(message)Hy i tng

(object destruction)

Hnh 5.30. Cc k hiu ca s tun t.



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1. Customersubmits a search request to the system.

2. The system provides the customera list of recommended CDs.

3. The customerchooses one of the CDs to find additional information.

4. The system provides the customerwith basic information & CD Reviews

5. The customercalls the maintain order use case.

6. The customeriterates over 3 through 5 until finished shopping.

7. The customerexecutes the checkout use case.

8. The customerleaves the website.

Hnh 5.31. Dng cc s kin ca use-case Place Order.



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Hnh 5.32. S tun t ca use-case Place Order.



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S chuyn trng thi state transition diagram

Cho thy mt i tng thay i nh th no

t trng thi ny thnh trng thi khc. Tt c cc trng thi c th c phi c th

hin trong s chuyn trng thi.

Bao gm cc k hiu biu din s tng tcban u, cc trng thi, cc s kin gy ra sthay i trng thi v trng thi cui cng

(kt thc).



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Hnh 5.33. V d v s chuyn trng thi ca mt ti khon ngn hng.

Hnh 5.34. S chuyn trng thi cho thy trng thi ca sinh vin. Mtsinh vin c khng ng k sau 12 thng c x l nh sinh vin mi.



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S hot ng activity diagram

Cho thy th t xy ra ca cc hnh ng v

xc nh cc ng i ra. Cc s tun t, s chuyn trng thi

v s hot ng l cc cng c mhnh ha ng gip ngi phn tch hiucc i tng i x v tng tc nh th

no bn trong h thng.



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Hnh 5.35. S hot ng cho thy cc tc v v cc s kin khi

rt tin ti my ATM.



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Cng cCASE Computer-Aided Software Engineering

Lm nhanh qu trnh lp s.

Cung cp khung thc (framework) cho viclp ti liu v cc thnh phn ca h thng.

Bo m tnh nht qun v cung cp cc milin kt chung.

H thng Architect 2001 l mt cng cCASE.



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Hnh 5.36. System Architect 2001 ghi nhn use-case v s chuyn trng thi.

T chc m hnh i tng


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T chc cc use case v cc s usecase chng c thc lin kt thchhp vi cc s lp, s chuyn trng

thi, s tun t v s hot ng. By gi chun b mt s d dng

thay i phn mm sau ny.

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5 Giai doan 2 Phan tich he thong - Ch5 Mo hinh hoa doi tuong