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7/17/2019 ___ http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/563db960550346aa9a9cbe60 1/14  81 2010 年 7 月 古代文明 July,2010 第4卷 第3期 The Journal of Ancient Civilizations Vol.4 No.3 拜占庭与欧洲中世纪] 《罗得海商法》译注 1  王小波 提 要: 《罗得海商法》是拜占庭历史上的一部重要法典。内容涉及海事贷款、船舶碰撞、 共同海损、海难救助等海事法律制度,是研究拜占庭史和世界海商法史的极为珍贵的第一手资料。 国外学界对该法典的研究已有多年,其中英国学者阿什布尔内的校勘本为现行的权威文本。对该 法典进行迻译与注释,是一项很有价值的基础性工作。 关键词:拜占庭 罗得海商法 译注 《罗得海商法》形成于公元 8 世纪左右, 2 是在地中海贸易往来日益频繁的大背景之下,产生于 拜占庭帝国的成文法典,该法典因地中海东南部的罗得岛而得名。罗得岛是东地中海的航海贸易中心, 往来穿梭的商人们都喜欢把航海贸易纠纷放在罗得岛来解决,久而久之,这里便逐渐形成了独具特色 的海商法律文化,这是《罗得海商法》得以产生的土壤。《罗得海商法》对保存和发展古代海商法律 文明做了重要贡献,在中世纪贸易活动中发挥了重要作用,为后世海商法奠定了基础,是世界海商法 发展史上承前启后的重要一环。《罗得海商法》的编纂是非官方的,是若干世纪以来航海习惯和贸易 经验不断积累的结果,在性质上属于习惯法的汇编。这是《罗得海商法》的具体编纂年代不可考的一 个重要原因,因为它不象官方的法典那样有确切的颁布时间。 据英国学者沃特·阿什布尔内(Walter Ashburner )考证,百余年来,拜占庭研究学者在世界各地陆 续发现了数十个《罗得海商法》文本,它们分属于公元10至17世纪之间的若干时期,目前分散保存在 希腊、意大利、英国、法国、西班牙、俄罗斯、美国等国家的博物馆或图书馆。这些文本长短不同, 文字有别,保存形式和保存状态不一,如较早的文本写在羊皮卷上,较晚的文本则写在纸上,有的字 迹已经模糊不清,有的页码已经破损或遭虫蛀。 3  国外较早对《罗得海商法》进行整理和译注的有 J. 莫卡提(1897 年本)及 M.R. 达瑞斯特(1905   本文是教育部人文社科青年基金项目“拜占庭重要法律文献研究”(批准文号:08JC820032)和教育部人文社科重 点研究基地项目“中古时期拜占庭立法文献研究与评注(批准文号:08JJD770102)的阶段性成果。 1  希腊文原文是 Νόμος Ροδίων Ναυτικός,旧译“罗得海洋法”。事实上,它是中世纪早期,即公元 8世纪左右以罗 得岛为中心的东地中海各民族和地区(主要包括拜占庭人、叙利亚人、阿拉伯人和部分意大利人——当时西欧商业还 没有兴起)在航行与经商时所共同遵行的原则。因此,译者认为译作“罗得海商法”更贴切。 2  关于《罗得海商法》的形成时间,学者们有不同的看法,如英国学者阿什布尔内(Ashburner )提出,《罗得海商法》 应该是在公元 600 年到 800 年之间通过私人之手编纂而成的。参见:W.Ashburner, The Rhodian Sea-  Law (以下简称 Ashburner, RSL), Oxford: Clarendon Press ,1909, p.lxxv。美国历史学家汤普逊(Thompson)则认为《罗得海商法》是利奥 三世执政时期颁布的,把该法看作是利奥三世商业改革的重要措施。参见汤普逊著,耿淡如译:《中世纪经济社会史》 (上册),北京:商务印书馆,1961 年,第 226 页。译者认为,根据其法律文本的风格、语言特点、手稿出现时间等 因素,其形成时间应该是在公元8 世纪左右。译者还认为,在发现新的历史资料之前,对《罗得海商法》形成时间的 讨论不再会有学术上的突破,对该法形成时间的推测是缺乏学术意义的。 3  参见:Ashburner, RSL, pp.xvii-xlvi

_罗得海商法_译注_王小波

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    2010 7 July,2010 4 3 The Journal of Ancient Civilizations Vol.4 No.3 []

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    position in the aim of weakening the power of Shuzhang. By the time of the fourth year of King Huiwens (reign, the position of Prime Minister came to being, which caused the separation of the duties of civil affairs and military affairs. Then Shuzhang gradually became the military commander of the state and replaced by the posts of generals.

    Key words: Shuzhang position title state Qin [Byzantine and the European Middle Ages] Title: A Translation and Commentary of The Rhodian Sea-law/81 Author: Wang Xiaobo, Doctoral Candidate, School of History and Culture, Northeast Normal University,

    Changchun, Jilin, 130024, and Associate Professor, Shandong University of Politics and Law, Jinan, 250014, China

    Abstract: The Rhodian Sea-law is an important code in the history of the Byzantine Empire. It involves many aspects of maritime legal regulations, such as maritime loan, ship collision, common lost, marine salvage, and so on. It has been regarded as the valuable first hand material for the study of Byzantine history and the maritime Law history. Among the creditable editions provided by foreign scholars, W. Ashburners text of this code is recognized as the best version of this material. It is therefore selected as the base of this translation and commentary.

    Key word: Byzantium The Rhodian Sea-law Translation and Commentary Title: Translation and Commentary of Historia Ierosolimitana...../94 Author: Wang Xiangpeng, Doctoral Candidate, School of History and Culture, Northeast Normal University,

    Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China Abstract: Historia Ierosolimitana is the most important chronicles about the Crusading, which provides an

    extraordinarily detailed account of the military campaigns and reflects aspects of religion, war, politics, and culture. This study selects the section of this chronicle dealing with one of the key events of the first Crusade, namely, the battle of Antioch, to translate and comment for the reference of Chinese scholars. The most creditable edition of this chronicle has been done by Susan B. Edington, which is the original text for this work.

    Key words: Antioch Crusade Translation Commentary [Japanese History and Culture] Title: A Brief Analysis of the Status of the Misasakibe in Ritsuryo Japan./103 Author: Zhang LinMA. Student, Department of History, Captial Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China Abstract: The misasakibe was a special community assigned to guard the tombs of Mikado and the royal clan in

    the period of Ritsuryo Japan. The term of misasakibe originally appeared in the Tang Dynasty of China, which was introduced to Japan in AD. 681. According to the rule of the Royal Order of the original net, the misasakibe was one of the five groups of senmin (, cheap people), although it was regarded as ryoumin (, fine people) in the Taiho code. Compared with other groups of senminthe status of the misasakibe were more complex and particular. The study of this group would benefit the understanding of the social and state structure of the ritsuryo Japan.

    Key wordsthe Ritsuryo Japan Misasakibe Senmin Social Status English Contents and Abstracts../112 Editors Notes/cover page 2 Call for Papers.../cover page 3